CN103703967A - Mechanical ecological fertile soil crop rotation planting agricultural technology for wheat and corn - Google Patents
Mechanical ecological fertile soil crop rotation planting agricultural technology for wheat and corn Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a mechanical ecological fertile soil crop rotation planting agricultural technology for wheat and corn. The technology is characterized in that a cropland is divided according to the specification that the land width is 2.4m and the ridge width is 0.3m, and crop rotation planting of the wheat and the corn is conducted according to a crop rotation planting period of 5 years. The wheat is sown according to the sowing mode that 8 rows are formed in each land, the seedling belt width is 12cm, and the line distance is 28cm. The corn is sown according to the sowing mode that four rows are formed in each land, the gap between the middle two rows is 56cm, and the gaps between two rows on the left side and the right side are 60cm. In the first year of the crop rotation period, corn straws are smashed and returned to the land, and soil is deeply ploughed and turned. Wheat sowing adopts a seedling belt type sowing machine to conduct wide-row-gap wide-seedling-belt sowing. In the second, third, fourth and fifth year of the crop rotation period, the wheat sowing adopts a seedling belt type sowing machine with a straw smashing device on the front portion to conduct wide-row-gap wide-seedling-belt sowing. Corn sowing adopts a corn sowing machine with a seedling belt cleaning device to conduct sowing, and deep scarification is conducted on rows alternatively in the third year and the fourth year.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the new agricultural process of a kind of wheat and corn crop rotation district's mechanization ecologic planting, fertile soil volume increase, belong to the cultivated technical field of broadcasting of crop rotation.
Background technology
At present, domestic wheat and corn crop rotation district planting patterns mainly contains two kinds and cultivates technique, a kind of is that technique is cultivated in crop rotation under traditional intensive cultivation mode,---farmland is ploughed deeply---rotary tillage leveling---wheat cultivation---harvesting wheat---crushed stalk---farmland is ploughed deeply---corn seeding---harvest corn that is that maize straw is processed, this plantation agronomy is more loaded down with trivial details, it is meticulous that whole crop rotation process is divided, farm machinery operation number of times and energy resource consumption have not only been increased, and cause farmland tillage pan to harden seriously, topsoil granular structure is in small, broken bits, soil layer Fertility Degeneration, the problems such as severe water and soil erosion, be unfavorable for the high and stable yields of wheat and corn, another kind is conservation tillage agronomy,---straw chopping and returning---wheat no-tillage seeding---harvesting wheat---no-till maize that is harvest corn, this process only has corn straw smashing field, the several links of wheat no-tillage seeding and no-till maize, simplified plantation agronomy, saved the time of cultivating, but conservation tillage can cause upper soll layer to harden throughout the year, damage by disease and insect accumulation, agriculture chemical dependence increases, severe contamination atmosphere, farmland ecological environment, and due to water erosion, the soil moisture conservation retaining in the unfavorable farmland of runoff, be difficult to realize lasting volume increase and the quality-improving of wheat and corn.Therefore, research wheat and corn crop rotation district can improve farmland microenvironment, increase soil fertility, and the ecological fertile soil crop rotation plantation of the mechanization new agricultural process that can improve again soil aggregate, increases the ability of retaining and conserveing soil moisture becomes the key problem in technology of realizing the volume increase of wheat and corn sustainability.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of above-mentioned many drawbacks that can overcome intensive cultivation and conservation tillage existence throughout the year, realize the ecological fertile soil crop rotation plantation of the mechanization new agricultural process of wheat and corn output and soil fertility sustainable growth, its technical scheme is as follows:
The ecological fertile soil crop rotation plantation of a wheat and corn mechanization agronomy, is characterized in that: by farmland, according to the wide 2.4m of furrow, the specification of row spacing 0.3m is divided, and with 5 years one carry out wheat and corn crop rotation plantation crop rotation crop cycle.Wherein wheat cultivation adopts every furrow 8 row, seedling bandwidth 12cm, the cropping pattern of line-spacing 28cm; Corn seeding adopts every furrow 4 row, and with wheat cultivation line misregistration, middle two rows line-spacing 56cm, left side, right side two every trades are apart from the cropping pattern of 60cm.
The First Year of described rotation cycle is corn straw smashing field also, and soil is deep ploughed, and digs; Wheat cultivation adopts seedling belt-feed planter to carry out wide line-spacing, the sowing of wide seedling band.
Second and third of described rotation cycle, the wheat cultivation of four, five years all adopt the anterior seedling belt-feed planter with straw chopping and returning device to carry out wide line-spacing, the sowing of wide seedling band.
The corn seeding of one to five year of described rotation cycle all adopts with the corn drill of seedling band cleaner to be sowed, wherein deep soil loosing shovel is installed in the corn drill of third and fourth year front portion, the 3rd year to odd number (or even number) row subsoiling, and the 4th year to subsoiling row subsoiling not.
Its operation principle is: ecological fertile soil region is carried out to according to the wide 2.4m of furrow, row spacing 0.3m in farmland and divides, and adopt 5 years one carry out wheat and corn mechanization crop rotation plantation crop rotation crop cycle.First Year in the rotation cycle, to corn straw smashing field also, crushed stalk length is not more than 10cm, and the deep ploughing of carrying out 20-35cm is turned over and is buried, wheat cultivation is according to line-spacing 28cm, and the wide plantation specification of seedling band 12cm adopts the seedling belt-feed planter of 4 row or 8 row to carry out the Mechanization sowing of wide line-spacing, wide seedling band; Corn is broadcast and is adopted the capable cropping pattern with wheat cultivation line misregistration, middle line-spacing 58cm left and right sides line-spacing 60cm of corn seeding, uses the corn no-tillage precision seeder with seedling band cleaning plant to carry out Mechanization sowing.Crop rotation crop cycle second and third, four, five years wheat cultivations continue according to line-spacing 28cm, the specification of seedling band 12cm adopts the anterior seedling band seeding method with straw chopping and returning device to carry out wide line-spacing, the sowing of wide seedling band toolization; Second and third of rotation cycle, four, five years corn seedings still adopt the capable cropping pattern with wheat cultivation line misregistration, middle line-spacing 58cm left and right sides line-spacing 60cm of corn seeding, difference is that third and fourth year install deep soil loosing shovel in the interlacing of corn drill seedling band cleaner the place ahead, and seedling stage next year.
This invention is compared with the patent of existing this aspect, has following advantage:
(1) code requirement furrow are made cropping pattern, and the dislocation that has realized wheat and corn crop rotation connects stubble, has reduced cultivation obstacle; Because cultivation process is only to farming in furrow, the ridge back of the body is no-tillage simultaneously, so can reduce farming area, saves power consumption;
(2) adopt wide line-spacing, wide seedling band wheat cultivation, wherein wide line-spacing is conducive to improve air permeability, gas permeability and the Photosynthetic Conditions of wheat growth; Wide seedling band has been realized wheat to greatest extent being uniformly distributed of field, and is conducive to the mu strain number that wheat seeding is tillered and increased unit are, for wheat stable yields, volume increase lay the foundation;
(3) First Year is to corn straw smashing field also crop rotation crop cycle, and the deep ploughing of carrying out 20-35cm is buried, at performance conservation tillage, can increase on the basis of soil organic matter content, realize the buried of the nuisances such as grass seeds, worm's ovum and germ, reduce the amount of application of chemical article; Meanwhile, solid tillage pan is also broken in deep ploughing, improves farmland micro-ecological environment, is conducive to realize the ecology of planting process;
(4) the 3rd year crop rotation crop cycle and the 4th year adopt the next year corn seeding of seedling stage, can reduce the energy consumption of loosening the soil, improve agricultural land soil structure, improve the gas permeability of soil and soil moisture conservation water-holding capacity, keep farmland micro-ecological environment balance, for wheat and corn stable high yield lays the foundation;
(5) the standardization cropping pattern of the unified line-spacing of whole crop rotation crop cycle corn employing, is conducive to the field management in corn growth later stage and to row mechanized harvest, reduces yield loss, guarantees the stable yields volume increase of corn.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the wheat and corn plantation specification schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
concrete enforcement
In the embodiment shown in fig. 1: by farmland, according to the wide 2.4m of furrow, the specification of row spacing 0.3m is divided, it within 5 years, is a crop rotation crop cycle; Wherein wheat cultivation adopts every furrow 8 row, seedling bandwidth 12cm, the cropping pattern of line-spacing 28cm; Corn seeding adopts every furrow 4 row, middle two rows line-spacing 56cm, and left side, right side two every trades are apart from the cropping pattern of 60cm.At crop rotation crop cycle First Year, maize straw to be carried out after chopping and returning, deep ploughing, turning over and bury, stalk length is no more than 10cm, turns over buried depth degree 20-35cm, adopts 8 row seedling belt wheat seeders to carry out Mechanization sowing; The wheat cultivation of in 2345 of rotation cycle all adopts the anterior 8 row seedling belt-feed planters with straw chopping and returning device to carry out wide line-spacing, the sowing of wide seedling band; The corn seeding of 5 years always in rotation cycle all adopts front portion to sow with 4 row corn drills of seedling band cleaner, the anterior deep soil loosing shovel of installing of the corn drill of the 3rd year and the 4th year wherein, the 3rd year to odd number (or even number) row subsoiling, and the 4th year to subsoiling row subsoiling not.
Claims (4)
1. agronomy is planted in the ecological fertile soil crop rotation of wheat and corn mechanization, it is characterized in that: by farmland according to the wide 2.4m of furrow, the specification of row spacing 0.3m is divided, and with 5 years one carry out wheat and corn crop rotation plantation crop rotation crop cycle, wherein wheat cultivation adopts every furrow 8 row, seedling bandwidth 12cm, the cropping pattern of line-spacing 28cm; Corn seeding adopts every furrow 4 row, and with wheat cultivation line misregistration, middle two rows line-spacing 56cm, left side, right side two every trades are apart from the cropping pattern of 60cm.
2. the First Year of rotation cycle as claimed in claim 1 is corn straw smashing field also, and soil is deep ploughed, and digs; Wheat cultivation adopts seedling belt-feed planter to carry out wide line-spacing, the sowing of wide seedling band.
Rotation cycle as claimed in claim 1 second and third, the wheat cultivation of four, five years all adopts the anterior seedling belt-feed planter with stalk returning device to carry out wide line-spacing, the sowing of wide seedling band.
4. the corn seeding of of the rotation cycle as claimed in claim 1 to five years all adopts with the corn drill of seedling band cleaner and sows, wherein deep soil loosing shovel is installed in the corn drill of third and fourth year front portion, the 3rd year to odd number (or even number) row subsoiling, and the 4th year to subsoiling row subsoiling not.
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| CN201310687046.0A CN103703967B (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2013-12-17 | The ecological fertile soil crop rotation plantation of wheat and corn mechanization agronomy |
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| CN201310687046.0A CN103703967B (en) | 2013-12-17 | 2013-12-17 | The ecological fertile soil crop rotation plantation of wheat and corn mechanization agronomy |
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| CN103703967B CN103703967B (en) | 2016-05-04 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104082000A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-10-08 | 扬州大学 | Novel production method for wheat and corn crop rotation |
| CN109121623A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | A kind of two batches of crop rotation seeding and fertilizings spray integral methods of wheat and corn |
| CN111165101A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 河南农业大学 | Pressing planting mode before wide wheat seedling band sowing and special wheat seeder thereof |
| CN115119698A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-30 | 山东理工大学 | Wheat and corn annual crop rotation stubble-staggering no-tillage planting method based on navigation |
| CN115777463A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-14 | 中国农业大学 | Method for planting winter wheat-summer corn in annual shallow-buried drip irrigation 4: 1 strips in mechanized mode |
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| CN1774983A (en) * | 2005-12-12 | 2006-05-24 | 山东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Wheat-corn ridge-culture zero-tillage direct-sowing cultivating method |
| CN101699961A (en) * | 2009-11-13 | 2010-05-05 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Integrated fertilization method under condition of NPKS of double-cropping crops of wheat and corn |
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| CN103053256A (en) * | 2013-01-23 | 2013-04-24 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Few-no-tillage-soil seeding and fertilizing method for wheat and corns under complete straw mulching condition |
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2013
- 2013-12-17 CN CN201310687046.0A patent/CN103703967B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
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| 陈刚普: "《濮阳市小麦_玉米轮作高产栽培技术》", 《现代农业科技》, no. 1, 10 January 2010 (2010-01-10), pages 84 - 86 * |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104082000A (en) * | 2014-07-07 | 2014-10-08 | 扬州大学 | Novel production method for wheat and corn crop rotation |
| CN109121623A (en) * | 2018-07-27 | 2019-01-04 | 北京农业智能装备技术研究中心 | A kind of two batches of crop rotation seeding and fertilizings spray integral methods of wheat and corn |
| CN111165101A (en) * | 2020-01-19 | 2020-05-19 | 河南农业大学 | Pressing planting mode before wide wheat seedling band sowing and special wheat seeder thereof |
| CN115119698A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2022-09-30 | 山东理工大学 | Wheat and corn annual crop rotation stubble-staggering no-tillage planting method based on navigation |
| CN115777463A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-14 | 中国农业大学 | Method for planting winter wheat-summer corn in annual shallow-buried drip irrigation 4: 1 strips in mechanized mode |
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