CN103039147A - Reclamation method for sunk paddy field caused by mining in mountainous regions - Google Patents
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
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Abstract
The invention relates to a reclamation method for a sunk paddy field caused by mining in mountainous regions and belongs to the technical field of improvement and utilization of environment, ecology and damaged fields. The method includes: performing topsoil stripping to fissured positions where fissures are created by mining sinking and lead to water leakage of the paddy field; covering water holding materials on fissured areas after topsoil stripping; compacting the covered water holding materials, pouring slurry and standing; performing topsoil backfilling and grinding to the fissured areas after slurry pouring and standing, and flattening to enable the fissured areas to be a whole with pieces of the paddy field around the fissured areas; and irrigating, nourishing and improving the paddy field after backfilling and grinding. By the method, the cultivation land where the fissures are created by mining sinking and lead to water leakage of the paddy field can restore the paddy field utilization mode and reach production level of a normal paddy field as soon as possible, a stable self-maintaining farmland ecological system can be formed, a paddy field protecting system can be formed, soil microbial content can be increased, physicochemical property of soil can be improved, and benign farmland ecological system circulation can be formed.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment, ecology and abandoned land and administer and utilize technical field, particularly crack, mountain region coal-mining subsidence paddy field reclamation method.
Background technology
China coal resource distribution mainly be distributed in, east, the west area, the coal resources important distribution of its southwest and center area in Yunnan, the ground such as Guizhou, Chongqing, Sichuan, the southwest is the most widely one of area of rice in China distribution simultaneously, is the larger coal of Chinese area-grain recombination region.Taking, damage a large amount of arable lands in the progress of coal mining has been undisputable fact.National economic development and human survival unavoidably display in each coal-grain recombination region area the contradiction of the requirement of grain-production.Coordinate contradiction between the two, in the short economic development of coal mining, guarantee grain-production on the ground normally carry out most important.
Mountain Area of Southwests such as Chongqing, Yunnan-Guizhou, the infringement of coal-mining subsidence ground causes that a large amount of soils are destroyed, such as surface subsidence hole, crack etc., wherein coal-mining subsidence ground causes the crack, paddy field, and it is comparatively general to cause the normal grain-production function of destruction of leaking, and damage area, the automatic recovery ability of dependence farmland system can't be realized its reparation.Think that the major part paddy field leakage cause that leaks is that the crack causes under the earth's surface, because coal-mining subsidence affects the paddy field topsoil and the crack occurs, causes the moisture holding capacity of paddy field topsoil destroyed through initial analysis, the paddy field leaks.Determine to leak under the prerequisite of position, consider the factor kept of environment and field ecosystem, the crack, coal-mining subsidence paddy field of reclaiming is crucial.At present in the theoretical research in this field and actual repair, all do not have good conclusion or way, thus crack, paddy field, coal-mining subsidence ground, mountain area reclaim be present coal-mining subsidence the emphasis of reclaiming, also be a job highly significant.
The applicant for the seimic arable land that subsides, invents a kind of reclamation method of subsided farm land after earthquake disaster, and patented power, and the method for this patent disclosure comprises: topsoil stripping is carried out in the seimic arable land that subsides; The zone that subsides after peeling off is filled and preliminary shaping; Isolated material is carried out in the zone that subsides after the preliminary shaping to be covered and rolls; To the regional earthing that subsides behind the covering isolated material, further shaping; The biological modification engineering is carried out in the zone that subsides after the earthing shaping.This invention can make the arable land that is subjected to eaerthquake damage recover to utilize and reach as early as possible the higher level level of production, form the stable field ecosystem of certainly keeping, improve edaphon content, the physicochemical property of improvement soil, form the advantages such as optimum field ecosystem circulation, but be applied in obvious deficiency is arranged in the coal mining subsidence area paddy field: aspect reclaiming in the paddy field that leaks, do not relate to; Detailed not etc. aspect the native protection at table.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is for solving an above-mentioned difficult problem, a kind of Mountain Area of Southwest coal-mining subsidence paddy field reclamation method is proposed, being intended to administer coal-mining subsidence causes the crack and causes the arable land that the paddy field leaks, and rebuild paddy field, depression ground stable certainly keep field ecosystem, form the paddy field water retention system, improve edaphon content, the physicochemical property of improvement soil forms optimum field ecosystem circulation.
Crack, a kind of Mountain Area of Southwest coal-mining subsidence paddy field reclamation method that the present invention proposes is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) leak crack place, coal-mining subsidence paddy field, mountain region is carried out topsoil stripping: peel off the leak table soil at top, crack and edge of paddy field, cover thickness is 40-80cm, choose table mound plot point stored table soil around in the topsoil stripping district, and be divided into 2 kinds of table of upper and lower layer mound according to the amount of cure of peeling off soil layer, upper strata table mound is deposited the mellow soil that cover thickness is 0-35cm; Lower floor's table mound is deposited the soil that cover thickness is 35-80cm; The table soil of peeling off is deposited in respectively corresponding table mound plot point place according to its degree of depth of peeling off, forms upper and lower layer table mound;
2) water-keeping material covers and compacting: water-keeping material is covered in the crack district after step 1) is processed form cover layer, water-keeping material is mainly mixed by bentonite and soil, bentonite: the volume ratio of soil is 1:(1-4); With the cover layer compacting, the thickness after the cover layer compacting is 10-30cm;
3) annotating mud at cover layer leaves standstill: in step 2) crack district cover surface after processing injects mud and leaves standstill, and depth of mud left standstill 10-20 days for flooding cover layer 3-10cm; The mud raw material is the soil of lower floor's table mound;
4) table earthen backfill and roll smooth: the crack district after step 3) processed, carry out the earthen backfill of twice table, the order of backfill is for successively fetching earth from lower floor's table mound and upper strata table mound; In the soil course of backfill lower floor table mound, every backfill 20cm carries out rolling for 1-3 time, the height distance crack district peripheral ground 20-40cm after backfill is rolled; In the mellow soil process of backfill upper strata table mound, integral body is carried out smooth and is rolled for 1 time; Recovery or newly-built destroyed drainage and irrigation project and the bank protection of field protect bank simultaneously;
5) improvement engineering: to the paddy field after the step 4) processing, carry out raised path through fields shutoff, reduce paddy field field moisture flow measurement; Secondly to the continuous 5-15 of field days flood irrigation, make the soil moisture content of field be tending towards saturated; Sow local rice varieties season in sowing, keep the 2-3 ploughing.
Characteristics of the present invention and beneficial effect:
1) by flood irrigation and ploughing in water-keeping material covering, cover surface perfusion mud, the improvement engineering, form 3 layers of water resisting protection layer in the soil, and the structure of water resisting protection layer utilizes original soil as far as possible and utilizes in right amount the bentonite that agricultural production is gained everything and lose nothing.The method applicability and operability have greatly been improved.
2) will show soil protection and be divided into upper strata table mound and the long-pending form of lower floor's table mound two kinds of tables mound, pile up for the convenience of Reclamation Engineering adopts nearby multiple spot in field simultaneously; The selection of time of simultaneously Reclamation Engineering enforcement can finish in the month at 1-3 according to design in farm slack season, reduced the long-pending time of table mound, the very big loss that reduces the native nutriment of table.
3) covering the water-keeping material position is topsoil stripping, and the following 30-80cm in earth's surface place is the rice root lower space, avoids affecting paddy rice as far as possible and normally produces.
4) with protection table soil, cover water-keeping material, the Developing method is optimized and organically blend, can have the efficient recovery depression to plough and recover to utilize and improvement field biological environment; And rebuild the depression paddy field stable certainly keep field ecosystem, Reasonable Protection land resources, society, economy and environment high efficiency;
5) for destroying rear the reparation, the growing environments aquatic, the semi-aquatic crop such as paddy rice provide a kind of practical and technical methods of being convenient to promote.
To sum up, the present invention is directed to the paddy field and leak, the water barrier in the emphasis reconstruct soil, next the present invention adopts layer in the protection of table soil, and top layer mellow soil protection is paid attention in table soil protection relatively before more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is terraced fields topsoil stripping schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Reclaimed Soil sectional structural map of the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention proposes the specific embodiment of crack, coal-mining subsidence paddy field, a kind of Southwest China mountain region reclamation method, is described with reference to the accompanying drawings as follows:
The present invention the site inspection in the paddy field that leaks with at first carrying out depression before reclaiming.Determine to cause paddy field leak crack location and scope, and investigation plot of living in, crack environment, design table mound seated position is calculated the backfill amount of water-keeping material and soil, modulation mud, and the reparation of reclaiming.1-3 month carry out before for winter in evening or the early spring rice growing embodiment engineering repair time of crack, Mountain Area of Southwest coal-mining subsidence paddy field of the present invention reclamation method, utilizes afterwards the biological means ability that further improves and resume production.Concrete steps are as follows:
1) leak crack place, coal-mining subsidence paddy field, mountain region is carried out topsoil stripping: peel off the leak table soil at top, crack and edge of paddy field, cover thickness is 50-70cm, choose table mound plot point stored table soil around in the topsoil stripping district, the table mound is conical, be divided into 2 kinds of table mounds, be divided into upper strata table mound according to the amount of cure of peeling off soil layer, deposit the mellow soil that cover thickness is 0-35cm; Lower floor's table mound is deposited the soil that cover thickness is 35-70cm.The table soil of peeling off is deposited in respectively corresponding table mound plot point place according to its degree of depth of peeling off; Show the concrete stacking of soil as shown in Figure 1, the terraced fields of same level are as a unit in charge of construction, shown in the square frame of Fig. 1; Measure distribution situation in unit in charge of construction internal fissure district shown in 11 among Fig. 1,12,13,14,15,16,17,18, totally 8 cracks district, according to the crack zone position, select to stack point, the stacking point in crack 11 is upper strata table mound 111 and lower floor's table mound 112 as shown in Figure 1; The stacking point in crack 12 is upper strata table mound 121 and lower floor's table mound 122; The stacking point in crack 13 is upper strata table mound 131 and lower floor's table mound 132; It is upper strata table mound 141 and lower floor's table mound 142 that crack 14 and crack 15 share the stacking point; It is upper strata table mound 161 and lower floor's table mound 162 that crack 16 and crack 18 share the stacking point; The stacking point in crack 17 is upper strata table mound 171 and lower floor's table mound 172.
2) water-keeping material covers and compacting: water-keeping material is covered in the crack district after step 1) is processed form cover layer, water-keeping material mainly mixes bentonite by the soil of bentonite and lower floor's table mound: the volume ratio of soil is 1:(2-4); With the cover layer compacting, the thickness after the cover layer compacting is 20-30cm, and the unit weight of water-keeping material reaches 1.4-2.0g/cm after the compacting
3If the cover layer area is Scm
2, calculate to cover need thus soil amount 28Sg-60Sg, and according to the unit weight 1.3-1.4g/cm of filling soil
3, the thickness that calculates the water-keeping material before the compacting is 20-46cm, and stirs also compacting in order to save acting for the water-keeping material water distribution, water-keeping material: the volume ratio of water is 1:(0.3-2).Even for guaranteeing compacting, realizations that come into force of water-keeping material effect be left standstill 24-48 hour after the need water distribution, and to the compacting material compaction in layers.The acting amount of compacting is 200-600 kilojoule/m
3
This step can form lower floor's water resisting protection layer.
3) annotating mud at cover layer leaves standstill: in step 2) crack district cover surface after processing injects mud and leaves standstill, and depth of mud left standstill 10-20 days for flooding cover layer 3-10cm; The mud raw material is the soil of lower floor table mound, configure water-keeping material after, lower floor's table mound soil surplus is greater than 20%.Therefore the part residue of lower floor's table mound covered on the water-keeping material, and utilize giant to make its thorough stirring, can form mud.
The purpose that the soil water filling stir is formed mud be so that in the soil clay in the process of leaving standstill by the effect stratified sedimentation of moisture, glutinous grain interacts and forms an impermeable stratum.This step can form middle level water resisting protection layer.
4) table earthen backfill and roll smooth: the crack district after step 3) processed, carry out the earthen backfill of twice table, the order of backfill is for successively fetching earth from lower floor's table mound and upper strata table mound; In the soil course of backfill lower floor table mound, every backfill 20cm carries out rolling for 1-3 time, the height distance crack district peripheral ground 30cm after backfill rolls; In the mellow soil process of backfill upper strata table mound, integral body is carried out smooth and is rolled for 1 time; Recovery or newly-built destroyed drainage and irrigation project and the bank protection of field protect bank simultaneously;
5) improvement engineering: to the paddy field after the step 4) processing, carry out raised path through fields shutoff, reduce paddy field field moisture flow measurement; Secondly to the continuous 5-15 of field days flood irrigation, make the soil moisture content of field be tending towards saturated; Sow again and sow local rice varieties season, keep the 2-3 ploughing.Promote gradually migration downwards of the glutinous grain of soil in the field, and below rice root, form tillage pan, reduce the downward seepage flow of moisture in the paddy field.
This step forms upper strata water resisting protection layer carrying out the process that agricultural planting increases soil fertility, and strengthens the paddy field effect of reclaiming.
The Reclaimed Soil profile construction of the inventive method as shown in Figure 2; be that lower floor's water resisting protection layer 22, mud sediment formation middle level water resisting protection layer 23, the lower floor's table mound backfill that engineering does not relate to undisturbed soil 21, water-keeping material formation is lower floor's topsoil 24 from bottom to up; thickness is that 5-10cm and upper strata table mound backfill are upper strata topsoil 25, and thickness is 30cm.The improvement engineering forms the bottom that upper strata water resisting protection layer 251(is positioned at upper strata table soil, and after the improvement engineering, the underwater cultivation degree of depth is following 15-25cm place, earth's surface, ploughs through the ox of 2-3, and meeting is formation water resisting protection layer bottom plow layer, and namely 251).
Claims (1)
1. coal-mining subsidence paddy field, mountain region reclamation method is characterized in that:
1) leak crack place, coal-mining subsidence paddy field, mountain region is carried out topsoil stripping: peel off the leak table soil at top, crack and edge of paddy field, cover thickness is 40-80cm, choose table mound plot point stored table soil around in the topsoil stripping district, and be divided into 2 kinds of table of upper and lower layer mound according to the amount of cure of peeling off soil layer, upper strata table mound is deposited the mellow soil that cover thickness is 0-35cm; Lower floor's table mound is deposited the soil that cover thickness is 35-80cm; The table soil of peeling off is deposited in respectively corresponding table mound plot point place according to its degree of depth of peeling off, forms upper and lower layer table mound;
2) water-keeping material covers and compacting: water-keeping material is covered in the crack district after step 1) is processed form cover layer, water-keeping material is mainly mixed by bentonite and soil, bentonite: the volume ratio of soil is 1:(1-4); With the cover layer compacting, the thickness after the cover layer compacting is 10-30cm;
3) annotating mud at cover layer leaves standstill: in step 2) crack district cover surface after processing injects mud and leaves standstill, and depth of mud left standstill 10-20 days for flooding cover layer 3-10cm; The mud raw material is the soil of lower floor's table mound;
4) table earthen backfill and roll smooth: the crack district after step 3) processed, carry out the earthen backfill of twice table, the order of backfill is for successively fetching earth from lower floor's table mound and upper strata table mound; In the soil course of backfill lower floor table mound, every backfill 20cm carries out rolling for 1-3 time, the height distance crack district peripheral ground 20-40cm after backfill is rolled; In the mellow soil process of backfill upper strata table mound, integral body is carried out smooth and is rolled for 1 time; Recovery or newly-built destroyed drainage and irrigation project and the bank protection of field protect bank simultaneously;
5) improvement engineering: to the paddy field after the step 4) processing, carry out raised path through fields shutoff, reduce paddy field field moisture flow measurement; Secondly to the continuous 5-15 of field days flood irrigation, make the soil moisture content of field be tending towards saturated; Sow local rice varieties season in sowing, keep the 2-3 ploughing.
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