CN103741698B - Loess hilly-and-gully area coal-mining subsidence and crevice treatment method - Google Patents
Loess hilly-and-gully area coal-mining subsidence and crevice treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a loess hilly-and-gully area coal-mining subsidence and crevice treatment method. Subsidences and crevices exist in loess hilly-and-gully areas can be treated by the filling method of stripping by segments and staggered refilling, and the filling structure in the subsidences and crevices are divided into a bedding layer, a raw soil layer and a surface soil layer form bottom to top. The treatment processes of the subsidences and crevices include: 1, dividing treatment segments, namely dividing the crevices to be treated into a plurality of treatment segments from front to rear along the vertical extending direction; 2, stripping by segments and refilling in a staggered manner, namely treating the treatment segments respectively from front to rear till treatment on all treatment segments is completed. The method is simple in processes, reasonable in design, convenient to implement and good in treatment effect, and the problems that according to an existing subsidence and crevice filling method, crevices re-appear after filling, crevice treatment effect is poor and the like can be solved effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Treatment process field, crack, mining collapse area, especially relate to coal mining subsidence area crack, a kind of Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method.
Background technology
Domestic mine of western multidigit is in Arid&semi-arid area, especially typical with Loess Plateau landforms.Gullied Rolling Loess Region refers to that earth's surface cutting and crushing, gully density are comparatively large, vegetation coverage is low, the loess loess low-relief terrain of severe water and soil erosion.Due to Gullied Rolling Loess Region severe water and soil erosion, ecotope is comparatively fragile, and the subsidence feature of the type mining area continuous modification is not obvious, and the destruction of surface caused by coal mining is mainly based on the collapse-fissure of Discontinuous Deformation.Wherein, the geological disaster of Gullied Rolling Loess Region be mainly subside and with the ground fissure of association of subsiding, the generation of wherein subsiding mainly is caused by the mining of bottom, mining area, and subsided to affect and had many ground fissures in its periphery association, this ground fissure is just collapse-fissure, and form small-sized slip and fall in border region many places, that is in the Gullied Rolling Loess Region coal mining process that side slope is larger, collapse-fissure often brings out loess slope avalanche, blocking raceway groove, vegetation destruction, aggravation water and soil loss.
Nowadays, to the process for comprehensively treating of Gullied Rolling Loess Region subsided land, domestic and international correlative study is also fewer.Especially width is greater than to the crack of 20cm, ecological disruption is serious, and some cracks lead directly to mine, and these cracks are as carried out simple filling by existing commonsense method, and often there will be the problem that crack is reproduced, regulation effect is undesirable.Like this, not only downhole safety being produced and threaten, and be unfavorable for the recovery of ecotope on earth's surface, and aggravate water and soil loss, in order to impel collapse-fissure district agricultural ecological and revegetation, aggregate measures must be taked to administer.To sum up, nowadays lack a kind of method step simple, reasonable in design and realize coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method convenient, regulation effect is good, effectively can solve the problems such as crack there will be again, crack regulation effect is poor after the filling that existing collapse-fissure placement method exists.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, coal mining subsidence area crack, a kind of Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method is provided, its method step simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, regulation effect is good, can solve the problems such as crack there will be again, crack regulation effect is poor after the filling of existing collapse-fissure placement method existence.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: coal mining subsidence area crack, a kind of Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, it is characterized in that: adopt segmentation to peel off and with the staggered placement method backfilled, the collapse-fissure that administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region exists is administered, and the filling structure in collapse-fissure is respectively bed course, raw soil layer and topsoil from the bottom to top; The governance process of described collapse-fissure is as follows:
Step one, administer section partition: extend longitudinally direction and need administer crack and be divided into multiple improvement section from front to back, the quantity of multiple described improvement section be N number of and its identical length with, wherein N is positive integer and N > 3; N number of described improvement section according to installation position be respectively from front to back the 1st section, the 2nd section ..., N number of section;
Step 2, segmentation are peeled off and are backfilled with staggered: administer respectively multiple described improvement section from front to back, process is as follows:
Step 201, the 1st section are administered, and comprise the following steps:
The table soil of step 2011, the 1st section is peeled off with the immature soil: peel off respectively the topsoil of the 1st the section left and right sides and the immature soil on top, the left and right sides, and the topsoil of stripping and the immature soil are separately stored up;
The topsoil stripping of step 2012, the 2nd section and the bed course filling of the 1st section: the topsoil of the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively and the topsoil peeled off is stored up; Meanwhile, filling is carried out to the bed course of the 1st section;
The immature soil stripping of step 2013, the 2nd section and the raw soil layer filling of the 1st section: after the bed course filling of the 1st section completes, the immature soil on top, the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the raw soil layer of the 1st section;
The topsoil stripping of step 2014, the 3rd section and the topsoil filling of the 1st section: the topsoil of the 3rd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the topsoil of the 1st section, now complete the governance process of the 1st section;
Step 202, next section administer: current administered section is i-th section, wherein i be positive integer and i=2,3 ..., N-2, the governance process of i-th section is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2021, i-th section: after the table soil of i-th section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course of i-th section;
The immature soil stripping of step 2022, the i-th+1 section and the raw soil layer filling of i-th section: after the bed course filling of i-th section completes, the immature soil on top, the i-th+1 section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in i-th section, form the raw soil layer of i-th section;
In this step, before peeling off the immature soil on top, the i-th+1 section left and right sides, the table soil of the i-th+1 section left and right sides is stripped, and the table soil peeled off to be backfilled in the i-th-1 section and to form the topsoil of the i-th-1 section;
The topsoil filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2023, the i-th+2 sections and i-th section: the topsoil of the i-th+2 section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in i-th section, form the topsoil of i-th section, now complete the governance process of i-th section;
Step 203, repeatedly repetition step 202, until complete the governance process of N-2 section;
Step 204, N-1 section is administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2041, a N-1 section: after the table soil of N-1 section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course of N-1 section;
The immature soil stripping of step 2042, N number of section and the raw soil layer filling of N-1 section: after the bed course filling of N-1 section completes, the immature soil on top, N number of section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in N-1 section, form the raw soil layer of N-1 section;
The topsoil filling of step 2043, a N-1 section: the topsoil stored up in step 201 is backfilled in N-1 section, forms the topsoil of N-1 section, now complete the governance process of N-1 section;
Step 205, N number of section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2051, N number of section: after the table soil of N number of section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course of N number of section;
The raw soil layer filling of step 2052, N number of section: after the bed course filling of N number of section completes, is backfilled in N number of section by the immature soil stored up in step 2011, forms the raw soil layer of N number of section;
The topsoil filling of step 2053, N number of section: be backfilled in N number of section by the topsoil stored up in step 201, forms the topsoil of N number of section, now completes the governance process of collapse-fissure.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, it is characterized in that: adopt segmentation to peel off and carry out in governance process with the staggered placement method backfilled to the collapse-fissure that administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region exists, also need the avalanche district to being caused by collapse-fissure to administer, described avalanche district is in cheuch and it is positioned on the loess slope of cheuch side; When avalanche district is administered, comprise the following steps:
Step I, excavation intercepting drain: above avalanche district, excavate one intercepting drain;
Step II, serike hedge: in avalanche district, plant multiple tracks plant hedge, described in multiple tracks, plant hedge is from top to bottom laid;
Step III, build native check dam: build the native check dam for Littoral Barrier in the downstream of cheuch.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, it is characterized in that: described in the filling structure in described collapse-fissure, between raw soil layer and topsoil, be also covered with one deck cover layer, described cover layer is the mulch that one deck is layered between raw soil layer and topsoil, described mulch is the mixture that stalk and loess are uniformly mixed to form, and in described mulch, the volume ratio of stalk and loess is (10 ~ 15) ︰ 100.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, is characterized in that: the length of multiple described improvement section is 5m ~ 10m.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, is characterized in that: after peeling off respectively the topsoil of each improvement section left and right sides in step 2, all forms the table soil excavation area of this improvement section; And after the immature soil on top, each improvement section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the immature soil excavation area of this improvement section; The width of the table soil excavation area of each improvement section is all greater than the width of its immature soil excavation area;
The width of the table soil excavation area of N number of described improvement section is all identical with the degree of depth, and the immature soil excavation area width of N number of described improvement section is all identical with the degree of depth;
In N number of described improvement section, each raw soil layer administering section is all positioned at its immature soil excavation area, and each topsoil administering section is all positioned at it shows native excavation area;
The upper surface of described topsoil and bed course is arch; The lateral wall of the native excavation area of described table and described immature soil excavation area is slope one downward-sloping gradually from outside to inside, the bottom surface of the native excavation area of described table and described immature soil excavation area is slope two downward-sloping gradually from the inside to the outside, the gradient of described slope two is 3% ~ 5%, and the gradient of described slope one is 1 ︰ 1 ~ 3 ︰ 1.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, is characterized in that: described topsoil is arable land or filling meadow after reclaiming, and when being arable land after reclaiming, the thickness of topsoil is not less than 40cm and its springing height is about 10cm; When after reclaiming being filling meadow, the thickness of topsoil is not less than 20cm and its springing height is about 5cm; The thickness of described raw soil layer is consistent with the immature soil cover thickness of each improvement section.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, it is characterized in that: when the topsoil of each improvement section left and right sides being peeled off in step 2, the width peeled off is all identical with thickness, and the width peeled off is 1m ± 0.2m, and the thickness of stripping is 50cm ± 10cm; When peeling off the immature soil of each improvement section left and right sides in step 2, the width of stripping is all identical with thickness, and the width peeled off is 50cm ± 10cm, and the thickness of stripping is 50cm ± 10cm.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, is characterized in that: described bed course is formed by spoil or loess-filling; When filling being carried out to bed course in step 2012, step 2021, step 2041 and step 2051, carry out filling from the bottom to top; In stowing operation, below the designed elevation to being positioned at bed course to be filled during the position of d1, once vibrate; Afterwards, every raising h1 vibrates once; Wherein, d1=1m ± 0.2m, h1=30cm ± 5cm.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, is characterized in that: intercepting drain described in step I is enclosed in top and the left and right sides in avalanche district; In step II before planting plants hedge, first slope is cut to avalanche district and open level, then open planting plants hedge on multiple steps that level formed afterwards cutting slope; In step III, native check dam is positioned at the mouth of a valley place of cheuch.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, is characterized in that: intercepting drain described in step I adopts the ditch ridge formula trapezoidal cross-section of cut and fill, and in ditch, bottom width is 0.4m ~ 0.5m, dark 0.6 ~ 0.8m, and in ditch, the both sides gradient is 1: 1; Ridge top width 0.4m ~ 0.5m, the gradient outside the ridge is 1: 1; Cutting slope in step II, to open the ladder that level formed afterwards be reversed terrace, and in described reversed terrace, the width of multiple step is 0.5m ~ 0.6m, is highly 0.5m ~ 1.0m and the gradient of step surface is 5 ° ~ 10 °.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, method step is simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, and input cost is lower.
2, administer that speed is fast and efficiency of construction is high, can easy, the governance process that completes collapse-fissure fast.
3, collapse-fissure regulation effect is good, is mainly suitable for the collapse-fissure improvement that earth's surface width is greater than 20cm, peels off the soil profile layer with the staggered technical construction suitable vegetation growth backfilled particular by segmentation.Actual when administering, first the topsoil of the 1st section and the immature soil are peeled off respectively and stored up, then the 2nd section top table soil is also peeled off and stored up, simultaneously can the bed course of filling the 1st section, and after cushion construction completes, the immature soil of the 2nd section carried out peeling off and is fills up in the excavation area of the 1st section, forming the raw soil layer of the 1st the new structure soil of section; Then, the topsoil of the 3rd section is peeled off and is backfilled to the 1st section excavation area, just constitute the land fill structure with the 2nd the section immature soil and the 3rd native the 1st the new section formed of section top table, make upper soil horizon still on top, bottom soil layer is still in bottom; Just realize above-mentioned compound natural soils cross-section structure by this staggered backfill by that analogy.Wherein, the reconstruct of last 2 each and every one sections need be peeled off with the 1st section and the 2nd section and the Tu Yuan stored up backfills.Thus, there is construction simple, convenient, original ecological environment of soil can be recovered, accelerate the advantages such as ecological reconstruction.
4, in the larger Loess Gullys coal mining process of side slope, the loess slope avalanche that coal mining subsidence area crack is brought out, the pattern of intercepting drain+plant hedge+native check dam is adopted to carry out the comprehensive regulation, have that method step is simple, easy construction, original ecological environment of soil can be recovered, accelerate the advantages such as ecological reconstruction.
In sum, the inventive method step simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, regulation effect is good, effectively can solve the problems such as crack there will be again, crack regulation effect is poor after the filling that existing collapse-fissure placement method exists.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the filling structural representation in collapse-fissure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that segmentation of the present invention is peeled off and filling view during staggered backfill.
Fig. 3 is Construction State schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3-1 is the close-up schematic view at A place in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of intercepting drain of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of plant hedge of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the present invention's soil check dam.
Description of reference numerals:
1-collapse-fissure; 2-1-bed course; 2-2-raw soil layer;
2-3-cover layer; 2-4-topsoil; 3-avalanche district;
4-cheuch; 5-intercepting drain; 6-plant hedge;
7-native check dam; 8-top layer mound; 9-immature soil is piled;
10-1-show native excavation area; 10-2-immature soil excavation area.
Embodiment
Coal mining subsidence area crack, a kind of Gullied Rolling Loess Region of the present invention administering method, adopt segmentation to peel off to administer the collapse-fissure 1 that administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region exists with the staggered placement method backfilled, and the filling structure in collapse-fissure 1 is respectively bed course 2-1, raw soil layer 2-2 and topsoil 2-4 from the bottom to top, refers to Fig. 1; The governance process of described collapse-fissure 1 is as follows:
Step one, administer section partition: extend longitudinally direction and need administer crack 1 and be divided into multiple improvement section from front to back, the quantity of multiple described improvement section be N number of and its identical length with, wherein N is positive integer and N > 3; N number of described improvement section according to installation position be respectively from front to back the 1st section, the 2nd section ..., N number of section.
In the present embodiment, the 1st section, the 2nd section ..., N number of section is denoted as respectively! # section, 2# section ..., N# section.
Step 2, segmentation are peeled off and are backfilled with staggered: as shown in Figure 2, administer respectively multiple described improvement section from front to back, process is as follows:
Step 201, the 1st section are administered, and comprise the following steps:
The table soil of step 2011, the 1st section is peeled off with the immature soil: peel off respectively the topsoil of the 1st the section left and right sides and the immature soil on top, the left and right sides, and the topsoil of stripping and the immature soil are separately stored up.
In the present embodiment, the topsoil peeled off and the immature soil are separated heap and be saved as topsoil heap 8 and immature soil heap 9 in this step.Described top layer mound 8 and immature soil heap 9 lay respectively at the left and right sides of the 1st section.
The topsoil stripping of step 2012, the 2nd section and the bed course filling of the 1st section: the topsoil of the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively and the topsoil peeled off is stored up; Meanwhile, filling is carried out to the bed course 2-1 of the 1st section.
In the present embodiment, the topsoil peeled off in this step is stored up to top layer mound 8.
The immature soil stripping of step 2013, the 2nd section and the raw soil layer filling of the 1st section: after the bed course 2-1 filling of the 1st section completes, the immature soil on top, the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the raw soil layer 2-2 of the 1st section.
The topsoil stripping of step 2014, the 3rd section and the topsoil filling of the 1st section: the topsoil of the 3rd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the topsoil 2-4 of the 1st section, now complete the governance process of the 1st section.
Step 202, next section administer: current administered section is i-th section, wherein i be positive integer and i=2,3 ..., N-2, the governance process of i-th section is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2021, i-th section: after the table soil of i-th section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course 2-1 of i-th section.
The immature soil stripping of step 2022, the i-th+1 section and the raw soil layer filling of i-th section: after the bed course 2-1 filling of i-th section completes, the immature soil on top, the i-th+1 section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in i-th section, form the raw soil layer 2-2 of i-th section.
In this step, before peeling off the immature soil on top, the i-th+1 section left and right sides, the table soil of the i-th+1 section left and right sides is stripped, and the table soil peeled off to be backfilled in the i-th-1 section and to form the topsoil 2-4 of the i-th-1 section.
The topsoil filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2023, the i-th+2 sections and i-th section: the topsoil of the i-th+2 section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in i-th section, form the topsoil 2-4 of i-th section, now complete the governance process of i-th section.
Step 203, repeatedly repetition step 202, until complete the governance process of N-2 section.
Step 204, N-1 section is administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2041, a N-1 section: after the table soil of N-1 section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course 2-1 of N-1 section.
The immature soil stripping of step 2042, N number of section and the raw soil layer filling of N-1 section: after the bed course 2-1 filling of N-1 section completes, the immature soil on top, N number of section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in N-1 section, form the raw soil layer 2-2 of N-1 section.
The topsoil filling of step 2043, a N-1 section: be backfilled to by the topsoil stored up in step 201 in N-1 section, forms the topsoil 2-4 of N-1 section, now completes the governance process of N-1 section.
Step 205, N number of section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2051, N number of section: after the table soil of N number of section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course 2-1 of N number of section.
The raw soil layer filling of step 2052, N number of section: after the bed course 2-1 filling of N number of section completes, is backfilled in N number of section by the immature soil stored up in step 2011, forms the raw soil layer 2-2 of N number of section.
The topsoil filling of step 2053, N number of section: be backfilled in N number of section by the topsoil stored up in step 201, forms the topsoil 2-4 of N number of section, now completes the governance process of collapse-fissure 1.
In the present embodiment, one deck cover layer 2-3 is also covered with between raw soil layer 2-2 and topsoil 2-4 described in filling structure in described collapse-fissure 1, described cover layer 2-3 is the mulch that one deck is layered between raw soil layer 2-2 and topsoil 2-4, described mulch is the mixture that stalk and loess are uniformly mixed to form, and in described mulch, the volume ratio of stalk and loess is (10 ~ 15) ︰ 100.
The thickness of described cover layer 2-3 is 10cm ± 2cm and its width is consistent with the bottom width of topsoil 2-4.In the present embodiment, the thickness of described cover layer 2-3 is 10cm.
In the present embodiment, the length of multiple described improvement section is 5m ~ 10m.Thus, very convenient construction.
Actual when administering, can adjust accordingly the length of multiple described improvement section according to specific needs.
In the present embodiment, after the topsoil of each improvement section left and right sides being peeled off respectively in step 2, all form the table soil excavation area 10-1 of this improvement section; And after the immature soil on top, each improvement section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the immature soil excavation area 10-2 of this improvement section; The width of the table soil excavation area 10-1 of each improvement section is all greater than the width of its immature soil excavation area 10-2.
The width of the table soil excavation area 10-1 of N number of described improvement section is all identical with the degree of depth, and the immature soil excavation area 10-2 width of N number of described improvement section is all identical with the degree of depth.
In N number of described improvement section, each raw soil layer 2-2 administering section is all positioned at its immature soil excavation area 10-2, and each topsoil 2-4 administering section is all positioned at it shows native excavation area 10-1.
In the present embodiment, the upper surface of described topsoil 2-4 and bed course 2-1 is arch.The lateral wall of described table native excavation area 10-1 and described immature soil excavation area 10-2 is slope one downward-sloping gradually from outside to inside, the bottom surface of described table native excavation area 10-1 and described immature soil excavation area 10-2 is slope two downward-sloping gradually from the inside to the outside, the gradient of described slope two is 3% ~ 5%, and the gradient of described slope one is 1 ︰ 1 ~ 3 ︰ 1.
In the present embodiment, for ploughing or filling with meadow after described topsoil 2-4 reclaims, when being arable land after reclaiming, the thickness of topsoil 2-4 is not less than 40cm and its springing height is about 10cm; When after reclaiming being filling meadow, the thickness of topsoil 2-4 is not less than 20cm and its springing height is about 5cm; The thickness of described raw soil layer 2-2 is consistent with the immature soil cover thickness of each improvement section.
Actual when administering, when peeling off the topsoil of each improvement section left and right sides in step 2, the width of stripping is all identical with thickness, and the width peeled off is 1m ± 0.2m, and the thickness of stripping is 50cm ± 10cm; When peeling off the immature soil of each improvement section left and right sides in step 2, the width of stripping is all identical with thickness, and the width peeled off is 50cm ± 10cm, and the thickness of stripping is 50cm ± 10cm.
In the present embodiment, when peeling off the topsoil of each improvement section left and right sides in step 2, the width of stripping is 1m, and the thickness of stripping is 50cm; When peeling off the topsoil of each improvement section left and right sides in step 2, the width of stripping is 50cm, and the thickness of stripping is 50cm.
During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, the thickness peeled off and thickness be adjusted accordingly.
Actual when administering, described bed course 2-1 is formed by spoil or loess-filling; When filling being carried out to bed course 2-1 in step 2012, step 2021, step 2041 and step 2051, carry out filling from the bottom to top; In stowing operation, below the designed elevation to being positioned at bed course 2-1 to be filled during the position of d1, once vibrate; Afterwards, every raising h1 vibrates once; Wherein, d1=1m ± 0.2m, h1=30cm ± 5cm.
In the present embodiment, d1=1m, h1=30cm.During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, the value size of d1 and h1 be adjusted accordingly.
As shown in the above, the filling structure in collapse-fissure 1 is respectively topsoil 2-4, cover layer 2-3, raw soil layer 2-2 and bed course 2-1 from top to bottom.Wherein, filling structure in collapse-fissure 1 is the soil structure in described collapse-fissure 1 after reconstruct, the present invention is based on geomorphologic conditions and the climate characteristic of administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region, and according to following the general principle of agrology, filling is carried out to collapse-fissure 1, and in collapse-fissure 1, reconstruct the land occupation condition of an applicable revegetation, for ecological recovery creates good land occupation condition, promote ecology of mining areas civilization construction.
Wherein, topsoil 2-4 is the basis of crop growth and revegetation, and major parameter is thickness, determines according to the direction after reclaiming, if utilization orientation is for ploughing, thickness is not less than 20cm; If for utilization orientation is for filling with meadow, thickness of surface soil is not less than 20cm.Soaking to prevent rainwater causes crack district filling area loess to sink, and certain sagitta is reserved on the topsoil 2-4 top after reconstruct.The Main Function of cover layer 2-3 is water conservation, water proof, provide nutrient etc. for vegetation growth; Because west area wind is large, severe water and soil erosion, cover layer 2-3 is placed on earth's surface and not easily fixes, and cover layer 2-3 is arranged between topsoil 2-4 and raw soil layer 2-2 by the present invention.The loess that raw soil layer 2-2 utilizes crack collapse-fissure 1 both sides to show soil following carries out filling.Bed course 2-1 utilizes the spoil of pollution element to fill, if loess is more, loess also can be used to carry out filling around.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 3-1, adopting segmentation to peel off carries out in governance process with the staggered placement method backfilled to the collapse-fissure 1 that administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region exists, also need the avalanche district 3 to being caused by collapse-fissure 1 to administer, described avalanche district 3 is in cheuch 4 and it is positioned on the loess slope of cheuch 4 side; When avalanche district 3 is administered, comprise the following steps:
Step I, excavation intercepting drain: above avalanche district 3, excavate one intercepting drain 5, refer to Fig. 4.
Step II, serike hedge: in avalanche district 3, plant multiple tracks plant hedge 6, described in multiple tracks, plant hedge 6 is from top to bottom laid, and refers to Fig. 5.
Step III, build native check dam: build the native check dam 7 for Littoral Barrier in the downstream of cheuch 4, refer to Fig. 6.
In the present embodiment, intercepting drain 5 described in step I is enclosed in top and the left and right sides in avalanche district 3; In step II before planting plants hedge 6, first slope is cut to avalanche district 3 and open level, then open planting plants hedge 6 on multiple steps that level formed afterwards cutting slope; In step III, native check dam 7 is positioned at the mouth of a valley place of cheuch 4.
In the present embodiment, intercepting drain 5 described in step I adopts the ditch ridge formula trapezoidal cross-section of cut and fill, and in ditch, bottom width is 0.4m ~ 0.5m, dark 0.6 ~ 0.8m, and in ditch, the both sides gradient is 1: 1; Ridge top width 0.4m ~ 0.5m, the gradient outside the ridge is 1: 1; Cutting slope in step II, to open the ladder that level formed afterwards be reversed terrace, and in described reversed terrace, the width of multiple step is 0.5m ~ 0.6m, is highly 0.5m ~ 1.0m and the gradient of step surface is 5 ° ~ 10 °.
During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, to described intercepting drain 5, cut the size opening ladder that level formed afterwards and native check dam 7 in slope and adjust accordingly.
In actual use procedure, the effect of described intercepting drain 5 reduces slope runoff to flow in avalanche district 3, prevents again slump or water and soil loss.Described intercepting drain 5 is laid in chipping top outer about the 5m in avalanche district 3, extend, and the length in avalanche district 3 is as the criterion can prevent slope runoff from entering chipping from center, chipping top to both sides.
The Main Function of described plant hedge 6 stablizes colluvial heap, prevents secondary and corrode.Cut slope in step II to open multiple steps that level forms reversed terrace afterwards and can adopt same size from top to bottom, also can require change to some extent with landform, soil condition and forestation planting grass.
The effect of described native check dam 7 is at the mouth of a valley, bottom, avalanche district 3 Littoral Barrier, reduces farmland, pile things on downstream.As shown in table 1, the dam body cross dimension of described native check dam 7, should be arranged according to the orographic condition of its position.
Table 1 native check dam dam body cross dimension design parameter table
| Height of dam (m)/a | Top width (m)/b | Bottom width (m)/c | Upstream batter ratio/d | Downstream slope ratio/e |
| 2 | 1.5 | 5.9 | 1:1.2 | 1:1.0 |
| 3 | 1.5 | 9.0 | 1:1.3 | 1:1.2 |
| 4 | 2.0 | 13.2 | 1:1.5 | 1:1.3 |
| 5 | 2.0 | 18.5 | 1:1.8 | 1:1.5 |
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every above embodiment is done according to the technology of the present invention essence any simple modification, change and equivalent structure change, all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. coal mining subsidence area crack, Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method, it is characterized in that: adopt segmentation to peel off the collapse-fissure (1) existed administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region with the staggered placement method backfilled and administer, and the filling structure in collapse-fissure (1) is respectively bed course (2-1), raw soil layer (2-2) and topsoil (2-4) from the bottom to top; The governance process of described collapse-fissure (1) is as follows:
Step one, administer section partition: extend longitudinally direction and need administer crack (1) and be divided into multiple improvement section from front to back, the quantity of multiple described improvement section is N number of and its identical length is same, and wherein N is positive integer and N > 3; N number of described improvement section according to installation position be respectively from front to back the 1st section, the 2nd section ..., N number of section;
Step 2, segmentation are peeled off and are backfilled with staggered: administer respectively multiple described improvement section from front to back, process is as follows:
Step 201, the 1st section are administered, and comprise the following steps:
The table soil of step 2011, the 1st section is peeled off with the immature soil: peel off respectively the topsoil of the 1st the section left and right sides and the immature soil on top, the left and right sides, and the topsoil of stripping and the immature soil are separately stored up;
The topsoil stripping of step 2012, the 2nd section and the bed course filling of the 1st section: the topsoil of the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively and the topsoil peeled off is stored up; Meanwhile, filling is carried out to the bed course (2-1) of the 1st section;
The immature soil stripping of step 2013, the 2nd section and the raw soil layer filling of the 1st section: after bed course (2-1) filling of the 1st section completes, the immature soil on top, the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the raw soil layer (2-2) of the 1st section;
The topsoil stripping of step 2014, the 3rd section and the topsoil filling of the 1st section: the topsoil of the 3rd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the topsoil (2-4) of the 1st section, now complete the governance process of the 1st section;
Step 202, next section administer: current administered section is i-th section, wherein i be positive integer and i=2,3 ..., N-2, the governance process of i-th section is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2021, i-th section: after the table soil of i-th section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course (2-1) of i-th section;
The immature soil stripping of step 2022, the i-th+1 section and the raw soil layer filling of i-th section: after bed course (2-1) filling of i-th section completes, the immature soil on top, the i-th+1 section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in i-th section, form the raw soil layer (2-2) of i-th section;
In this step, before the immature soil on top, the i-th+1 section left and right sides is peeled off, the table soil of the i-th+1 section left and right sides is stripped, and the table soil peeled off to be backfilled in the i-th-1 section and to form the topsoil (2-4) of the i-th-1 section;
The topsoil filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2023, the i-th+2 sections and i-th section: the topsoil of the i-th+2 section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in i-th section, form the topsoil (2-4) of i-th section, now complete the governance process of i-th section;
Step 203, repeatedly repetition step 202, until complete the governance process of N-2 section;
Step 204, N-1 section is administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2041, a N-1 section: after the table soil of N-1 section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course (2-1) of N-1 section;
The immature soil stripping of step 2042, N number of section and the raw soil layer filling of N-1 section: after bed course (2-1) filling of N-1 section completes, the immature soil on top, N number of section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in N-1 section, form the raw soil layer (2-2) of N-1 section;
The topsoil filling of step 2043, a N-1 section: be backfilled to by the topsoil stored up in step 201 in N-1 section, forms the topsoil (2-4) of N-1 section, now completes the governance process of N-1 section;
Step 205, N number of section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2051, N number of section: after the table soil of N number of section is all peeled off with the immature soil, filling is carried out to the bed course (2-1) of N number of section;
The raw soil layer filling of step 2052, N number of section: after bed course (2-1) filling of N number of section completes, is backfilled in N number of section by the immature soil stored up in step 2011, forms the raw soil layer (2-2) of N number of section;
The topsoil filling of step 2053, N number of section: be backfilled in N number of section by the topsoil stored up in step 201, forms the topsoil (2-4) of N number of section, now completes the governance process of collapse-fissure (1).
2. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, Gullied Rolling Loess Region according to claim 1 administering method, it is characterized in that: adopt segmentation to peel off the collapse-fissure (1) existed administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region with the staggered placement method backfilled and carry out in governance process, also need the avalanche district (3) to being caused by collapse-fissure (1) to administer, described avalanche district (3) is in cheuch (4) and it is positioned on the loess slope of cheuch (4) side; When avalanche district (3) are administered, comprise the following steps:
Step I, excavation intercepting drain: avalanche district (3) top excavation one intercepting drain (5);
Step II, serike hedge: in avalanche district (3), plant multiple tracks plant hedge (6), plant hedge described in multiple tracks (6) is from top to bottom laid;
Step III, build native check dam: build the native check dam (7) for Littoral Barrier in the downstream of cheuch (4).
3. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described in the filling structure in described collapse-fissure (1), between raw soil layer (2-2) and topsoil (2-4), be also covered with one deck cover layer (2-3), described cover layer (2-3) is layered on the mulch between raw soil layer (2-2) and topsoil (2-4) for one deck, described mulch is the mixture that stalk and loess are uniformly mixed to form, and in described mulch, the volume ratio of stalk and loess is (10 ~ 15) ︰ 100.
4. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the length of multiple described improvement section is 5m ~ 10m.
5. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: after the topsoil of each improvement section left and right sides being peeled off respectively in step 2, all form table soil excavation area (10-1) of this improvement section; And after the immature soil on top, each improvement section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the immature soil excavation area (10-2) of this improvement section; The width of table soil excavation area (10-1) of each improvement section is all greater than the width of its immature soil excavation area (10-2);
The width of table soil excavation area (10-1) of N number of described improvement section is all identical with the degree of depth, and immature soil excavation area (10-2) width of N number of described improvement section is all identical with the degree of depth;
In N number of described improvement section, each raw soil layer (2-2) administering section is all positioned at its immature soil excavation area (10-2), and each topsoil (2-4) administering section is all positioned at it shows native excavation area (10-1);
The upper surface of described topsoil (2-4) and bed course (2-1) is arch; The lateral wall of the native excavation area of described table (10-1) and described immature soil excavation area (10-2) is slope one downward-sloping gradually from outside to inside, the bottom surface of the native excavation area of described table (10-1) and described immature soil excavation area (10-2) is slope two downward-sloping gradually from the inside to the outside, the gradient of described slope two is 3% ~ 5%, and the gradient of described slope one is 1 ︰ 1 ~ 3 ︰ 1.
6. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described topsoil (2-4) is arable land or filling meadow after reclaiming, when being arable land after reclaiming, the thickness of topsoil (2-4) is not less than 40cm and its springing height is about 10cm; When after reclaiming being filling meadow, the thickness of topsoil (2-4) is not less than 20cm and its springing height is about 5cm; The thickness of described raw soil layer (2-2) is consistent with the immature soil cover thickness of each improvement section.
7. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: when the topsoil of each improvement section left and right sides being peeled off in step 2, the width peeled off is all identical with thickness, and the width peeled off is 1m ± 0.2m, the thickness of stripping is 50cm ± 10cm; When peeling off the immature soil of each improvement section left and right sides in step 2, the width of stripping is all identical with thickness, and the width peeled off is 50cm ± 10cm, and the thickness of stripping is 50cm ± 10cm.
8., according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region administering method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described bed course (2-1) is formed by spoil or loess-filling; When filling being carried out to bed course (2-1) in step 2012, step 2021, step 2041 and step 2051, carry out filling from the bottom to top; In stowing operation, below the designed elevation to being positioned at bed course (2-1) to be filled during the position of d1, once vibrate; Afterwards, every raising h1 vibrates once; Wherein, d1=1m ± 0.2m, h1=30cm ± 5cm.
9. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, Gullied Rolling Loess Region according to claim 2 administering method, it is characterized in that: intercepting drain described in step I (5) is enclosed in top and the left and right sides in avalanche district (3); In step II before planting plants hedge (6), first slope is cut to avalanche district (3) and open level, then open planting plants hedge (6) on multiple steps that level formed afterwards cutting slope; In step III, native check dam (7) is positioned at the mouth of a valley place of cheuch (4).
10. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, Gullied Rolling Loess Region according to claim 9 administering method, it is characterized in that: intercepting drain described in step I (5) adopts the ditch ridge formula trapezoidal cross-section of cut and fill, in ditch, bottom width is 0.4m ~ 0.5m, dark 0.6 ~ 0.8m, in ditch, the both sides gradient is 1: 1; Ridge top width 0.4m ~ 0.5m, the gradient outside the ridge is 1: 1; Cutting slope in step II, to open the ladder that level formed afterwards be reversed terrace, and in described reversed terrace, the width of multiple step is 0.5m ~ 0.6m, is highly 0.5m ~ 1.0m and the gradient of step surface is 5 ° ~ 10 °.
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| CN106640083B (en) * | 2015-10-29 | 2019-01-18 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The restorative procedure of mining subsidence basin association ground fissure |
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| CN110245452B (en) * | 2019-06-25 | 2022-02-15 | 西安科技大学 | Method for treating coal mining collapse cracks in loess hilly area |
| CN110889163B (en) * | 2019-09-18 | 2023-10-20 | 鄂尔多斯市锦锴源科技能源发展有限责任公司 | Method for treating coal mining subsidence wide and large cracks in loess hilly area |
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| CN110984119B (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2022-03-04 | 河南省地质环境规划设计院有限公司 | Method for leveling fractured and subsided land |
| CN112685824B (en) * | 2021-01-12 | 2022-01-04 | 西安科技大学 | Terrace type reclamation parameter optimization method considering mining subsidence deformation |
| CN115595978B (en) * | 2021-12-06 | 2024-03-12 | 青岛地质工程勘察院(青岛地质勘查开发局) | Repairing method for side slope empty bag in rock and soil treatment process |
| CN115316066B (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-04-19 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Comprehensive water and soil resource renovation method for loess hilly and gully region channel |
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