CN104396494A - Method for greening original soil of heavy saline-alkali land - Google Patents
Method for greening original soil of heavy saline-alkali land Download PDFInfo
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- CN104396494A CN104396494A CN201410607979.9A CN201410607979A CN104396494A CN 104396494 A CN104396494 A CN 104396494A CN 201410607979 A CN201410607979 A CN 201410607979A CN 104396494 A CN104396494 A CN 104396494A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for greening original soil of heavy saline-alkali land. The method comprises the following steps: digging and filling by a machine to form a tamarisk planting groove, planting tamarisk seedlings in the groove, digging to form a vertical drainage ditch at a certain distance along the direction of the groove, forming a rectangular-ambulatory-plane drainage ditch around the periphery of a planting area, deepening two ends of the vertical drainage ditch into the rectangular-ambulatory-plane drainage ditch area, and building a weir on the outer side of the ditch. According to the method for greening the original soil of the heavy saline-alkali land, the salt elimination engineering is not carried out; the soil is not improved and is just simply dug and filled by the machine; soil salt factors are reduced and discharged by using the terrain advantage according to the soil water salt migration mechanism; the environment suitable for growth of plants is formed; the construction engineering quantity is greatly reduced; the application of the exogenous material is greatly reduced; the construction period is effectively shortened; the cost is low; the maintenance is simple.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method for a kind of saline land original soil greening, particularly a kind of heavy saline original soil greenery patches method.
Background technology
China's Resource of Saline Soil enriches, and saline land area reaches 9,913 ten thousand hectares, is distributed widely in the areas such as strand, Northwest inland, Huang-Huai-Hai plain, northeast song-Nen plain, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongol.As soil salt content >20g/kg, by the impact of high salinity, under natural conditions, ground is bare land state substantially, plant is difficult to survive, the technological approaches of existing heavy saline original soil greening mainly adopts underground salt discharge engineering, the meta-synthetic engineering that soil in-situ improvement engineering and plant screening of salt tolerance combine, construction work amount is large, cost is high, cycle is long, and late maintaining management expectancy is high, task weight, be not suitable for that heavy saline district is large-area to apply, therefore a kind of low cost is badly in need of, short period, construction and the easy geavy salt alkali original soil greening technique method of maintenance.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline, especially the original soil greening method of salt content >20g/kg heavy saline, mainly by moulding rational mima type microrelief structure, utilize irrigation, precipitation and the outside water salt power of evaporation and the salt discharge combination of staged irrigation canals and ditches, the salt damage in abatement and discharge Chinese tamarisk nursery stock root district, realizes the quick growth of nursery stock.
For solving above-mentioned technical problem, technical scheme of the present invention is:
A kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline, dug by machinery, fill out, mould Chinese tamarisk planting groove, plantation Chinese tamarisk nursery stock in groove, vertical drain ditch is dug at a certain distance along groove direction, growing area periphery is established " returning " type drain ditch, weir, deeply to " returning " type drain ditch district, is built outside ditch in two ends, vertical drain ditch.
Particularly, a kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline, comprises the steps:
(1), green belt yet to be built land readjustment, city's roads;
(2), from side, dig " isosceles trapezoid " planting groove, afterwards, every 1-2m spacing, dig " isosceles trapezoid " planting groove, excavate mound stand and be filled to clear area, adjacent side, i.e. the non-excavation regions in adjacent side;
(3), along planting groove direction, a vertical drain ditch is dug every 30-50m;
(4), by the Jun Qi weir, each section of planting groove two ends after the cutting of vertical drain ditch;
(5), outside whole growing area surrounding 1.0-2.0m, drainage trenching, namely " goes back to " type drain ditch;
(6), peripheral 1.0-1.5m place, drain ditch, mound builds weir;
(7), before plantation, full water 2 times in planting groove, leaves standstill to dry;
(8), roguing height 30-50cm Chinese tamarisk nursery stock, dig cave by 0.8-1.5m spacing in the rows groove, plant;
(9), planted after, continuous flood irrigation 2 times, there was not Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm to be advisable with the water surface;
(10), Chinese tamarisk seedling-slowing stage, every 3-5 days irrigate once, flood irrigation, there was not Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm to be advisable with the water surface;
(11), after slow seedling, within every 7-10 days, irrigate once, flood irrigation, there was not Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm to be advisable with the water surface.
Preferably, " isosceles trapezoid " described in step (2) planting groove groove depth 15-30cm, upper and lower mouth is wide is respectively 30-85cm and 30-50cm, groove sidewall slope angle >=60 °.
Preferably, vertical drain ditch described in step (3), cross section is " isosceles trapezoid ", ditch depth 50-80cm, wide 80-100cm suitable for reading, the wide 50-70cm of end opening.
Preferably, the through planting groove in vertical drain ditch and clear area described in step (3), two ends are peripheral " returning " type drain ditch district deeply.
Preferably, in described step (4), height of weir is 3cm, and weir is wide is 8-15cm.
Preferably, the drain ditch in described step (5), ditch depth 80-120cm, cross section is " isosceles trapezoid ", wide 80-100cm suitable for reading, the wide 50-70cm of end opening.
Preferably, height of weir 20-50cm, the wide 50-80cm in weir in described step (6).
Further, in planting groove described in described step (7), full water is for 2 times continuous full water 2 times, and namely a front full water leaves standstill to after dry, then carries out full water next time; Further, to dry described in described step (7), when referring to that at the bottom of planting groove, table soil is without ponding, manually fetch earth and measure bottom land 0-40cm soil layer mass water content of soil, when mass water content of soil lower than 20% time, be to doing;
Preferably, Chinese tamarisk nursery stock described in step (8) is skin basin seedling or nutritive cup seedlings, and wherein, must stick together in situation and remove outside skin basin not destroying soil when skin basin seedling is planted, nutritive cup seedlings is for directly to plant.More preferably, digging cave in groove described in step (8) is excavated by manual work cave, and cave diameter is for being greater than skin basin or nutrition cup maximum gauge 2-5cm, and acupoint depth is for exceeding skin basin or nutrition cup height 1-2cm.More preferably, step is planted described in (8), after skin basin or nutrition cup Chinese tamarisk nursery stock are placed into kind of plant hole, excavate soil and directly backfills, and ensures that excavation soil skin basin or nutrition cup having 1-2cm covers.
Present invention also offers the application of original soil greening method in the original soil greening method of salt content >20g/kg heavy saline of above-mentioned heavy saline.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1) the present invention can be used for the original soil greening of each climate type district heavy saline, both the weather drive condition of the strong evaporation of arid can have been utilized, soil salt in planting groove is migrated upwardly to clear area, soil salt content in abatement growing area, also can utilize Scouring Condition that is rainy, water, by staged irrigation canals and ditches, salinity in clear area and planting groove be discharged growing area, reduce salinity total amount, applied widely, can in China all kinds of heavy saline be applicable.
2) for specific heavy saline, with steaming, fall condition change, the present invention can play the advantage of " abatement " and " discharge " soil salt simultaneously, and especially for the heavy saline of salt content >20g/kg, effect is more excellent.
3) compared with existing " heavy saline original soil greening technique ", the present invention does not do salt discharge engineering, does not improve soil, just dig by simple machinery, fill out, according to the migration mechanism of soil water-stable aggregates, utilize geographical advantage, " abatement " and " discharge " soil salt factor, mould the growing environment that plant is suitable, greatly reduce construction work amount, greatly reduce the application of exogenous material, effectively shorten construction period, with low cost, maintenance is simple.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is geavy salt alkali original soil greening construction schematic layout pattern of the present invention.
A in figure: planting groove; B: clear area (non-excavating area); .: strange Liu Miaomu; L1: planting groove width suitable for reading; L2: clear area width; L3: planting groove or clear area length; L4: Chinese tamarisk spacing in the rows; L5: vertical drain ditch width suitable for reading; L6: planting groove outer rim suitable for reading is apart from " returning " type drain ditch outer rim distance suitable for reading; L7: " returning " type drain ditch width suitable for reading; L8: peripheral earth bank is apart from " returning " type drain ditch outer rim distance suitable for reading.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention will be further described, but do not limit protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1:
Case Experiments On A launches in Tianjin Binhai reclaimed land heavy saline, test region area 5838m
2(45.4m × 128.6m), 1m soil body salt content is 23.8-30.2g/kg, pH value 8.6, and bare land, without plant life.Concrete implementation step is: carry out land readjustment to district yet to be built, by 38.4m (thing) × 121.6m (north and south) city's roads; To the west of lateral edges line be top, dig dark 20cm, wide 63cm suitable for reading, the wide 40cm of end opening, groove sidewall slope angle is " isosceles trapezoid " planting groove of 60 °, afterwards, every 1.5m spacing, dig " isosceles trapezoid " planting groove, parameter is the same, excavates the equal heap of soil and is filled to next-door neighbour clear area, east side; Along planting groove direction, dig a vertical drain ditch every 40m, cross section is " isosceles trapezoid ", ditch depth 50cm, wide 80cm suitable for reading, the wide 50cm of end opening; By the Jun Qi weir, each section of planting groove two ends after the cutting of vertical drain ditch, high 3cm, wide 10cm; Outside growing area surrounding 1.5m, drainage trenching, cross section is " isosceles trapezoid ", ditch depth 1.0m, wide 100cm suitable for reading, the wide 70cm of end opening; Peripheral 1.0m place, drain ditch, mound builds weir, height of weir 40cm, the wide 50cm in weir; Before plantation, in planting groove, carry out artificial full water, leave standstill, when groove endosexine is without ponding, follows the tracks of and gather bottom land 0-40cm soil layer, carry out indoor mass water content of soil detection, when water content is 19.82%, lower than 20%, stop monitoring, full water again, leave standstill, sampling, detect, when water content measured value is 19.68%, stop overflowing water experiment; Select the skin basin Chinese tamarisk nursery stock of plant height 30-50cm, dig cave by 1m spacing in the rows groove, cave diameter, the degree of depth are greater than skin basin maximum gauge and height 2cm and 1cm respectively, remove skin basin, plant, and amount to and use the strain of Chinese tamarisk nursery stock 2583; After having planted, continuous flood irrigation 2 times, stopped filling with when the water surface does not have during Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm; Chinese tamarisk seedling-slowing stage (18 days), irrigates once, flood irrigation for every 3 days, when the water surface did not have Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm, stops filling with; After slow seedling, within every 7 days, irrigate once, flood irrigation, stopped filling with when the water surface does not have during Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm.
Respectively at after planting the 15th and add up growing area nursery stock and plant height thereof and bottom land, clear area 0-40cm soil layer soil specimen are carried out to collection and measure for 30 days.Result shows, 15th, 30 and 60 days Chinese tamarisk plant percents are respectively 93.7%, 93.3% and 93.3%, for the geavy salt alkali barged-in fill that salt content is 23.8-30.2g/kg, Chinese tamarisk plant percent can reach more than 90%, and the dry average production height of Chinese tamarisk seedling reaches 3.39cm after planting 30 days, the planting cycle is short, and growing way is comparatively vigorous, Be very effective; The soil sample that 30th day (in first 5 days without precipitation, do not irrigate) gather, soil salt content at the bottom of planting groove is 21.3g/kg, comparatively original soil salt content 26.8g/kg, reduce 20.5%, and clear area salt content is 30.9g/kg, comparatively original soil salt content adds 15.3%, and in planting groove, salinity " abatement " is remarkable; After experienced by a rainy season (precipitation 395.1mm), sampling on September 25 bottom land, clear area 0-40cm soil layer salt content are respectively 16.8 and 18.2g/kg, comparatively original soil salt content reduces 37.3% and 32.1% respectively, and soil salt significantly reduces, and " discharge " effect significantly.Test construction amounts to earth volume 580m
3, nursery stock 2583 strain of planting, every square meter year water consumption be 0.42m
3, add up to totle drilling cost to be 34.6 yuan/m by nursery stock, construction and 1 year upkeep charges etc.
2, more existing " saline-alkali soil original soil greening technique " cost 200-230 unit/m
2compare, cost savings 82.7%-85.0%, with low cost, obvious economic.
The above, it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not any pro forma restriction is done to technical scheme of the present invention, every above embodiment is done according to technical spirit of the present invention any simple modification, equivalent variations and modification, all still belong in the scope of technical scheme of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the original soil greening method of a heavy saline, it is characterized in that: comprise the steps: to be dug by machinery, fill out, mould Chinese tamarisk planting groove, plantation Chinese tamarisk nursery stock in groove, vertical drain ditch is dug at a certain distance along groove direction, growing area periphery is established " returning " type drain ditch, weir, deeply to " returning " type drain ditch district, is built outside ditch in two ends, vertical drain ditch.
2. the original soil greening method of a kind of heavy saline according to claim 1, is characterized in that: comprise the steps:
(1), green belt yet to be built land readjustment, city's roads;
(2), from side, dig " isosceles trapezoid " planting groove, afterwards, every 1-2m spacing, dig " isosceles trapezoid " planting groove, excavate mound stand and be filled to clear area, adjacent side, i.e. the non-excavation regions in adjacent side;
(3), along planting groove direction, a vertical drain ditch is dug every 30-50m;
(4), by the Jun Qi weir, each section of planting groove two ends after the cutting of vertical drain ditch;
(5), outside whole growing area surrounding 1.0-2.0m, drainage trenching, namely " goes back to " type drain ditch;
(6), peripheral 1.0-1.5m place, drain ditch, mound builds weir;
(7), before plantation, full water 2 times in planting groove, leaves standstill to dry;
(8), roguing height 30-50cm Chinese tamarisk nursery stock, dig cave by 0.8-1.5m spacing in the rows groove, plant;
(9), planted after, continuous flood irrigation 2 times, there was not Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm to be advisable with the water surface;
(10), Chinese tamarisk seedling-slowing stage, every 3-5 days irrigate once, flood irrigation, there was not Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm to be advisable with the water surface;
(11), after slow seedling, within every 7-10 days, irrigate once, flood irrigation, there was not Chinese tamarisk scapus 1cm to be advisable with the water surface.
3. the original soil greening method of a kind of heavy saline according to claim 2, it is characterized in that: " isosceles trapezoid " described in step (2) planting groove groove depth 15-30cm, upper and lower mouth is wide is respectively 30-85cm and 30-50cm, groove sidewall slope angle >=60 °.
4. a kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline according to Claims 2 or 3, is characterized in that: vertical drain ditch described in step (3), and cross section is " fall isosceles trapezoid ", ditch depth 50-80cm, wide 80-100cm suitable for reading, the wide 50-70cm of end opening.More preferably, the through planting groove in vertical drain ditch and clear area described in step (3), two ends are peripheral " returning " type drain ditch district deeply.
5. a kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline according to any one of claim 2-4, is characterized in that: in described step (4), height of weir is 3cm, and weir is wide is 8-15cm.
6. a kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline according to any one of claim 2-5, it is characterized in that: the drain ditch in described step (5), ditch depth 80-120cm, cross section is " isosceles trapezoid ", wide 80-100cm suitable for reading, the wide 50-70cm of end opening.
7. a kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline according to any one of claim 2-6, is characterized in that: height of weir 20-50cm, the wide 50-80cm in weir in described step (6).
8. a kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline according to any one of claim 2-7, it is characterized in that: in planting groove described in described step (7), full water is for 2 times continuous full water 2 times, namely a front full water leaves standstill to after dry, then carries out full water next time; Further, to dry described in described step (7), when referring to that at the bottom of planting groove, table soil is without ponding, manually fetch earth and measure bottom land 0-40cm soil layer mass water content of soil, when mass water content of soil lower than 20% time, be to doing.
9. a kind of original soil greening method of heavy saline according to any one of claim 2-8, it is characterized in that: Chinese tamarisk nursery stock described in step (8), for skin basin seedling or nutritive cup seedlings, wherein, must stick together in situation and remove outside skin basin not destroying soil when skin basin seedling is planted, nutritive cup seedlings is for directly to plant.More preferably, digging cave in groove described in step (8) is excavated by manual work cave, and cave diameter is for being greater than skin basin or nutrition cup maximum gauge 2-5cm, and acupoint depth is for exceeding skin basin or nutrition cup height 1-2cm.More preferably, step is planted described in (8), after skin basin or nutrition cup Chinese tamarisk nursery stock are placed into kind of plant hole, excavate soil and directly backfills, and ensures that excavation soil skin basin or nutrition cup having 1-2cm covers.
10. the application of original soil greening method in the original soil greening method of salt content >20g/kg heavy saline of heavy saline described in any one of claim 1-9.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105359869A (en) * | 2015-12-01 | 2016-03-02 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Low-cost temporary greening device for coastal reclamation high-saline and alkaline city building reserve land |
| CN108633367A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-10-12 | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 | A method of improvement salt-soda soil |
| CN109566236A (en) * | 2018-12-29 | 2019-04-05 | 山东省林业科学研究院 | A method of improving heavy saline Chinese tamarisk fast-growth |
| CN110771295A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-11 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for extreme saline-alkali soil |
| CN110786196A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-02-14 | 南京农业大学 | Method for improving and planting arbor in severe viscous saline-alkali soil and application |
| CN112715309A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Simple and efficient method for planting alfalfa in heavy saline-alkali soil and special device thereof |
| CN113330971A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-03 | 天津泰达盐碱地绿化研究中心有限公司 | Method for planting trees in heavy saline-alkali soil based on water and salt migration principle |
| CN114097596A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-01 | 河北健加乐鸭业有限公司 | Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium |
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| CN110786196A (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2020-02-14 | 南京农业大学 | Method for improving and planting arbor in severe viscous saline-alkali soil and application |
| CN110771295A (en) * | 2019-10-28 | 2020-02-11 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Ecological restoration method for extreme saline-alkali soil |
| CN112715309A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-04-30 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Simple and efficient method for planting alfalfa in heavy saline-alkali soil and special device thereof |
| CN113330971A (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2021-09-03 | 天津泰达盐碱地绿化研究中心有限公司 | Method for planting trees in heavy saline-alkali soil based on water and salt migration principle |
| CN113330971B (en) * | 2021-05-25 | 2022-05-13 | 天津泰达绿化科技集团有限公司 | Heavy saline and alkaline land tree planting system based on water and salt migration principle |
| CN114097596A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-01 | 河北健加乐鸭业有限公司 | Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium |
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