CN105900555B - A kind of design method of land engineering - Google Patents
A kind of design method of land engineering Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN105900555B CN105900555B CN201610196319.5A CN201610196319A CN105900555B CN 105900555 B CN105900555 B CN 105900555B CN 201610196319 A CN201610196319 A CN 201610196319A CN 105900555 B CN105900555 B CN 105900555B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- soil
- water
- artificial
- smooth
- field
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of design methods of land engineering, comprise the following steps：Step 1：Investigate the weather conditions and water resources condition in region to be renovated；Step 2：Carry out reconnaissance trip and lab analysis；Step 3：According to the investigation result of steps 1 and 2, several plantable crop is selected；Zoning water supply capacity and the water demand of crop, and water project situation is adjusted, it determines to treat long-term cropping；Step 4：The soil body for treating regulation region is reconstructed and increased fertilizer.In the method for the present invention, plough sole and farming layer building are carried out to river beach or shoal, are effectively improved its soil physico-chemical property, culture fertility reduces crosstab model, inhibits desertification of land；With reference to river, beach or shoal water and soil resources advantage, the utilization rate and output capacity of land resource are improved, increases effective cultivated area.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to land control engineering fields, and in particular to a kind of design method of land engineering.
Background technology
Cultivated land resource, Reserved Cultivated Land Resources are few per capita in China, and farmland quality is degenerated serious.Central No. 1 file is strong within 2016
Tune adheres to most stringent of Conservation Institutions of Cultivated Land, stands fast at arable land red line.It implements and improves requisition-compensation balance system, adhere to accounting for more benefits
It is more, be dominant mend it is excellent, account for paddy field moisturizing field.It is called in response to national policy, increases cultivated land resource for country, reconstructed using the soil body
Technological means by unused land, difficulty using carry out land development as a kind of effective way.
For the river of the cholestatic type of going around of Areas along Yellow River, because flow of water variation in river jeopardizes the high bank in part and beach, make to prevent
Flood pressure increases year by year, jeopardizes the security of the lives and property of the littoral people.To prevent river from persistently caving in, corroding, edge is protected
River village and arable land, common technology are to carry out dredging waterway to problem section, adjust river regime and bank slope protection.Though this mode
It so solves the problems, such as water, but there is no river beach or shoal are used and are transformed on this basis, not only wastes
Valuable land resource, and local natural landscape, ecological environment are adversely affected.
The content of the invention
The problem of river beach or shoal are not used and are transformed present in for the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention
Purpose be that provide a kind of design method of land engineering, this method region that is suitable for changing its course to folder Shahe stream controls flood
After conduct, river beach or shoal basic condition are fully grasped using general spy technology, crop-planting is recommended according to general spy result, and
Land engineering soil body reconstruct construction and fertilizing are carried out, is farming land by the unused land regulation renovated in region.
The present invention carries out flood control conduct using land engineering technology not only by engineering construction, also to pass through land comprehensive
Restoration harness river beach or shoal are renovated, develops or revert to arable land.
To achieve these goals, the present invention is solved using a following technical solution：
A kind of design method of land engineering, comprises the following steps：
Step 1：Investigate the weather conditions and water resources condition in region to be renovated；
Step 2：Carry out reconnaissance trip and lab analysis；
Step 3：According to the investigation result of steps 1 and 2, several plantable crop is selected；Zoning water supply capacity and
The water demand of crop, and water project situation is adjusted, it determines to treat long-term cropping.
Step 4：The soil body for treating regulation region is reconstructed and increased fertilizer.
Further, the soil body for treating regulation region of the step 4 is reconstructed and increased fertilizer, and is specifically comprised the following steps：
Step 41：River beach or shoal surface layer are carried out smooth；
Step 42：With muddy water pour it is smooth after river beach or shoal surface layer, formed dirt bed；
Step 43：It is tamped after drying dirt bed and on it covering loess, forms artificial plough sole；
Step 44：Artificial plough sole is carried out using the low mode of the high pad of shovel smooth；
Step 45：Loess is covered on the artificial plough sole after smooth, forms artificial arable layer；
Step 46：Artificial arable layer is carefully put down；
Step 47：It increases fertilizer to artificial arable layer.
Further, river beach or shoal surface layer are carried out smooth include the following steps by the step 41：
It is smooth to river beach or the progress of shoal surface layer using engineering method, lattice field shape is used on river beach or shoal
Formula is divided into area uniformly rectangular field, and according to physical features, direction is long side to field from high to low, and short side direction is vertical with long side,
Ridging direction is consistent with long side；The field length-width ratio that ridging is formed is preferably 2:1~4:1.
Further, low method is padded to field region progress using shovel is high there are during the gradient in field interior zone
It is smooth, lateral gradient ＜ 1/2000, longitudinal gradient ＜ 1/1500, field face difference in height ± 2.5~3cm are made after smooth.
Further, the river beach or shoal surface layer formation dirt bed with muddy water pouring after smooth of the step 42,
Include the following steps：
Mud mixture uniformly poured using pulp shooting machine be filled in it is smooth after river beach or shoal surface layer；It dries to surface layer
There is no ponding, the soil to be formed layer thickness is made to reach 4~5mm.
Further, the drying dirt bed of the step 43 and on it cover loess after compacting form artificial plough sole,
Include the following steps：
Drying dirt bed to its moisture content reaches 18%~19%, and loess is covered on dirt bed and is tamped, makes compacting
Loess dry density reaches 1.6~1.7g/cm3, the loess layer thickness finally tamped reaches 2.0~3.0cm, obtains artificial plough bottom
Layer.
Further, in the step 44, after the artificial plough sole progress is smooth, field face difference in height is ± 2.5cm.
Further, include the following steps in the step 45：
Loess is equably covered in it is smooth after artificial plough sole on, obtain artificial arable layer, appearance is done in artificial arable layer
Weight scope is 1.2~1.3g/cm3, cladding thickness is 24~25cm.
Further, during the covering loess, carried out with the Tian Weiyi construction cell of lattice divided in step 41, before earthing
Bicycle earthing area is calculated according to the transporter gauge of per car soil, grid is marked with lime on the face of field, makes each grid
Area and bicycle earthing area equation accomplish each grid just using vehicle soil.
Further, in the step 4, if treating that long-term cropping for aquatic crops, further includes after step 47：It is right
Artificial arable layer is poured water, is beaten and flattened, and obtains mashing layer.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows：
1st, farmland plough sole structure is constructed in soil body reconstruct, reduces quantities, reduce thickness of earth covering, while ensure to plough
Bottom retain water and nutrients performance.
2nd, plough sole and farming layer building are carried out to river beach or shoal, is effectively improved its soil physico-chemical property, increased fertilizer
Soil fertility reduces crosstab model, inhibits desertification of land.
3rd, with reference to river beach or shoal water and soil resources advantage, the utilization rate and output capacity of land resource are improved, increase has
Imitate cultivated area.With alleviating people contradiction, improves self-sufficiency rate of grain；It increases farmers' income, perfects rural infrastructure system, promote
Rural Urbanization Development.
4th, by carrying out land engineering, ecological shelter forest is planted, service improves ecological overall situation in region, forms ecology
Barrier takes into account the effect of filtering organic pollution in agricultural drain, makes the more ordering of original land ecosystem, increases ecology
Environmental benefit.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is soil body reconstruct schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is the soil body reconstruct schematic diagram of dry crop.
Fig. 3 is the soil body reconstruct schematic diagram of aquatic crops.
Figure label meaning is as follows：1- rivers beach or shoal；2- muddy water layers；The artificial plough soles of 3-；The artificial arable layers of 4-,
5- is beaten layer.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description.
The present invention thinking be, using it is general visit as a result, plantation be suitble to crop and treat regulation region carry out soil body reconstruct and
The regulation of the unused lands such as river beach or shoal is farming land by fertilizing.
The design method of land engineering provided by the invention, specifically includes following steps：
Step 1：Investigate the weather conditions and water resources condition in region to be renovated.Wherein, weather conditions include climate type,
Accumulated temperature, ground temperature, rainfall, illumination, frost-free period, wind and air pressure；Water resources condition includes groundwater level, surface water water and water
Matter.
Step 2：Carry out reconnaissance trip and lab analysis.
Step 21：Regional extent to be renovated, landform, elevation variation, profit are determined using remote sensing image combination GPS positioning technology
Soil thickness situation of change is grasped with general spy technology, and the species and yield of local long-term cropping are investigated.In line with it is random,
Multiple spot, mixing cover the principle of all soil types, according to《HJ/T 166-2004 soil monitoring technical specifications》Treat regulation
Pedotheque and all types of water samples are acquired in region.
Step 22：Treat river regulation beach or shoal and can it is potential using soil carry out soil analysis, analysis project and
Analysis is the reason is as follows that shown in table 1：
1 soil analysis project of table and reason
By index carry out indoor measurement after with China《Soil nutrient content grade scale》It is shown in Table 2,3 to be compared, determine
Each Content of Nutrients of soil property.By heavy metal content in soil and China《Standard of soil environment quality》(GB 15618-1995) phase
Compare, determine that the region soil body is appropriate for that field-crop is planted.
2 China's classification for soil nutrition standard (a great number of elements) of table
3 China's classification for soil nutrition standard (middle and trace element) of table
| Rank | Effective boron (mgkg-1) | Effective silicon (mgkg-1) | Exchangeable calcium (mgkg-1) |
| It is very abundant | ＞ 2 | ＞ 230 | ＞ 1000 |
| It is abundant | 1~2 | 115~230 | 700~1000 |
| It is medium | 0.5~1 | 70~115 | 500~700 |
| Lack | 0.2~0.5 | 25~70 | 300~500 |
| Pole lacks | ＜ 0.2 | ＜ 25 | ＜ 300 |
Step 23：To being investigated using Tu Yuan, step 22 is repeated, comprehensive sampling analysis is carried out to available soil.It will
Heavy metal content in soil and China《Standard of soil environment quality》(GB 15618-1995) index of correlation limit value compares, and determines energy
It is no as artificial arable layer earthing Tu Yuan.According to the difference that soil particle diameter is distributed, when the soil body is reconstructed and constructed, for building
Different soil moved in improve the original layers.Such as available native source clay content is higher, is reconstructed available for the artificial plough sole soil body.The native source nutrient of control contains
Amount, the soil for selecting the content of organic matter higher are used for the reconstruct of artificial arable layer.
Step 24：The water sample type of acquisition mainly includes river water, underground water and urban river water, measures its pH value, total salt content
And the content of heavy metal chromium, copper, zinc, arsenic, selenium, cadmium, lead, index determining result and China《Agricultural irrigation water quality standard》(GB
It 5084-2005) compares, selects suitable iirigation water source.
Step 3：According to the investigation result of steps 1 and 2, several plantable crop is selected.Tentatively select plantable work
After object, zoning water supply capacity and the water demand of crop adjust water project situation, determine to treat long-term cropping.
Step 31：Regional water supply capability analysis
3.1.1 according to region locality Multi-year average precipitation, according to rainfall-runoff relationship curve, rainwash is extrapolated
Amount.
3.1.2 interflow subsurface drainage magnitude of recruitment is calculated using interflow subsurface drainage modular approach, selects the infiltration coefficient in region to be renovated, according to
It is calculated according to Darcy's law, every year on average interflow subsurface drainage increment.It consults《Hydrologic manual》, determine that local ground watering can exploit modulus
P, calculates in region that underground water year can the amount of adopting.
3.1.3 region surface water and groundwater amount is overlapped, calculates regional water supply ability.
Step 32：The water demand of crop is analyzed
Determine the regional irrigation gross area, chief crop species, planning level year crop irrigation and cropping system, and land
Domain《The water demand of crop and subregion Irrigation》With《Industry water consumption quota》, determine the synthesis irrigation norm of crop.
3.2.1 irrigation system design is chosen
The Irrigation Design of crop definitely rate according to meteorological model, water and soil resources, crop composition, irrigation scale, irrigation method
And economic benefit,《It irrigates and drainage system technical specification》(GB50288-99) etc. determine.According to Project Areas water resource it is abundant when,
Ensurance probability of irrigation water can be moderately improved, with Dry crop no more than 75%, rice is principle no more than 85%, and calmodulin binding domain CaM is geographical
Position, water resources situation, crop-planting type and local society economic conditions consider, and determine irrigation system design P.
3.2.2 irrigated area and pattern of farming are determined.
3.2.3 according to《Water-saving irrigation technique specification》(SL207-98), the actual conditions in integration project area and irrigation experience,
Planning level year crop irrigation program.In summary situation drafts the synthesis irrigation norm of long-term cropping.
3.2.4 agricultural irrigation water requirement estimation
According to formula：
M need=MA/ η
In formula：M need-irrigation requirements (m3)；
M-irrigation norm (m3/ mu)；
A-irrigated area area；
η-water efficiency of irrigation (takes 0.65~0.75).
By irrigation canal system, water saving measures it is comprehensive, it is contemplated that in region water efficiency of irrigation can reach 0.65~
0.75, calculate to obtain the synthesis gross irrigation quota of crop in region by this.
3.2.5 all water demands of crop in region are overlapped, calculate the water demand of crop.
Step 33：According to step 31,32, regional water supply ability and each water demand of crop to be selected are compared, determined
Treat long-term cropping.
Step 4：The regulation region soil body is treated to reconstruct and increase fertilizer.
Form of construction work is as shown in Figure 1.
River beach or the progress of shoal surface layer is smooth, and specific implementation is as follows：
Step 41：It is smooth to river beach or the progress of shoal surface layer using engineering method, it is adopted on river beach or shoal
Be divided into area uniformly rectangular field with lattice field form, according to physical features, direction is long side to field from high to low, short side direction with
Long side is vertical, and ridging direction is consistent with long side.The field length-width ratio that ridging is formed is preferably 2:1~4:1, preferably 3:1.
For interior zone there are the field of the gradient, using shoveling, the low method of high pad is smooth to field region progress, puts down
Make lateral gradient ＜ 1/2000, longitudinal gradient ＜ 1/1500 after whole, field face difference in height is controlled in ± 2.5~3cm.
Step 42：River beach or shoal surface layer after muddy water pouring is smooth, form dirt bed.It is as follows：
By loess and water according to volume ratio 1:1~1:2 ratio is mixed, stirred, and obtains mud mixture；Use spray
Pulp grinder mud mixture is uniformly poured be filled in it is smooth after river beach or shoal surface layer.Drying does not have ponding to surface layer, makes shape
Into soil layer thickness reach 4~5mm, be not up to if once poured, it may be considered that repeatedly pour until reach the standard；It is yellow
The volume ratio preferably 1 of soil and water:1.3~1:1.5.
Step 43：It is tamped after drying dirt bed and on it covering loess, forms artificial plough sole；Specific implementation is as follows：
Drying dirt bed to its moisture content reaches 18%~19%, and loess is covered on dirt bed and is tamped, makes compacting
Loess dry density reaches 1.6~1.7g/cm3, the loess layer thickness finally tamped reaches 2.0~3.0cm to get to artificial plough
Bottom.Artificial plough sole thickness is preferably 3cm, to reduce leak leakage fertilizer.
Step 44：Smooth, guarantee field face difference in height carries out the artificial plough sole that step 3 is formed using the low mode of the high pad of shovel
Control is in ± 2.5cm.
Step 45：Loess is covered on the artificial plough sole after smooth, forms artificial arable layer；Specific implementation is as follows：
Loess is equably covered in it is smooth after artificial plough sole on, obtain artificial arable layer, appearance is done in artificial arable layer
Weight scope is 1.2~1.3g/cm3, cladding thickness is 20~30cm.In aforesaid operations, the loess of artificial arable layer is directly equal
It is even be covered in it is smooth after artificial plough sole on, without compaction actions.
Preferably mode of operation is：When covering loess, carried out, covered with the Tian Weiyi construction cell of lattice divided in step 41
Bicycle earthing area is calculated according to the transporter gauge of per car soil before native, grid is marked with lime on the face of field, makes each side
Grid area and bicycle earthing area equation accomplish each grid just using vehicle soil, to ensure artificial arable layer thickness
Uniformly.
Step 46：Artificial arable layer is carefully put down, is not more than the loess thickness difference of artificial arable layer various places inside
1cm。
Step 47：It applies fertilizer to artificial arable layer.
Since the nutrient contents such as artificial arable layer organic matter, full nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, effective boron are relatively low, be not suitable for normal
Crop-planting is advised, it is necessary to which applying portion fertilizer carries out soil fertility improvement.Therefore, nutrient content survey is carried out to artificial arable layer
It is fixed, determine soil fertility level, the content of the soil nutrient according to needed under area crops yield level supplements applying for artificial arable layer
Fertile dosage carries out it fertilising and carries out soil nutrient adjusting.
After soil nutrient is adjusted, each soil property ingredient in field can be made to reach for the level of crop normal growth.Afterwards
The continuous continuous farming by certain time limit can be adjusted the soil property of newly-increased farmland to the standard in high-yield field.In farmland nutrient for many years
In design, it then follows high fertilizer efficiency, the principle surely increased production step up soil body nutrient content, by the farming of 3~5 years, be finally reached
The soil quality standard in high-yield field.Concrete operations are as follows：
The phenomenon that crop yield is relatively low or extremely low may occur for the first year plantation of newly-increased farmland, to ensure in large-scale plantation
Good production is thrown than the quick adjusting with soil body nutrient, before first year crop harvests, representative field is preferably selected to carry out crop
Production is surveyed, if yield is less than normal volume 1/4 to crop per acre, is no longer harvested on a large scale, carries out returning to the field on the spot, increase soil
The earth content of organic matter is prepared for next year plantation.
Farmland long-term fertilization management in, the application of organic fertilizer and the returning to the field effect of stalk, can all slowly release nitrogen,
The nutrient elements such as phosphorus, potassium, with reference to the application of chemical fertilizer, dynamic change can occur for soil body nutrient, constantly improve.For pointedly
The nutrient needed for crop in different phase is supplemented, various nutrient balance supplies is realized, improves utilization rate of fertilizer and reduce and use
Amount, and labour is saved, cutting down expenditures and increasing income in fertilizing management for many years, preferably using fertilization compositions based on earth measurement as means, progressively adjusts the soil body and supports
Divide to high-yield field standard.
The nutrient design of farmland organic matter, mainly coordinates appropriate application of organic fertilizers means to realize with stalk original place returning to the field：
In first 2~3 years of plantation, annual harvest time is sampled measure to field topsoil organic matter, if the content of organic matter reaches work
Object high yield demand content, then only by crop material returning to the field on the spot；If the content of organic matter is relatively low (≤2%), in next season crop
Before plantation, 0.5~1 side (about 400~1000kg) decomposed manure is suitably sprinkled into per acre, soil body nutrient to be coordinated to promote demand.
In the dynamic monitoring of field, crop growing state is observed at any time, if there is any nutritional deficiency symptom, answers timely top dressing.Making
Object key developmental stages gather crop complete stool, carry out nutrient analysis, and with reference to the critical nutrient content of plant, top dressing as needed.
Micro- nutrient design in a great number of elements such as farmland nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and boron, silicon, calcium etc., mainly with soil measurement formula
Fertilising realizes that concrete operations are as follows：
A) soil sample gathers：Soil sample is gathered after annual crop harvest, sampling position and adopted soil sample should be representative, take
Sample depth is generally in 20cm.Sampling, with quincunx sampling, removes table soil covering, by standard using 100 mu of areas as a unit
Depth scrapes out section, uniformly fetches earth by soil layer.Then, each point soil sample mixing that will be adopted, sample number is reduced with quartering item by item
Amount, finally stays 1kg or so.
B) soil test：Pedotheque is subjected to the indexs such as full nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, organic matter, pH value and quality
Chemical examination.Analysis data is simultaneously registered, and is packed into soil fertility archives, is inputted computer, is established Soil Database.
C) formula is determined：Crops fertilizer requirement, the confession fertilizer amount of soil with certain yield index is designed according to soil body nutrient,
And this season utilization rate of different fertilizer, select fertilizer ratio and dose.
The calculating of chemical fertilizer dose determines that formula is such as according to aggregate datas such as yield index, soil fertility, fertilizer types
Under：
Applying quantity of chemical fertilizer=(nutrients uptake amounts of scheduled production-fertilizer provision from soil amount-organic fertilizer supplies fertilizer amount)/fertilizer contains nutrient
Percentage (%) × utilization rate of fertilizer (%)
D) scientific utilization of fertilizer：It is bought according to selected fertilizer ratio and dose and with fertilizer.And fertilization depth is grasped, it controls
The distance of fertilizer and seed is made, effectively meets the needs of crops seedling stage and growth and development intermediary and later stages to fertilizer as far as possible.E) repair
Order formula：According to the annual situation for surveying native data and field dynamic monitoring, change and determine fertilizer formula, make the technology of balance fertilizing
Measure is more realistic, with more science.
Step 48：If treat that long-term cropping for aquatic crops, needs that artificial arable layer is poured water, is beaten and flattened, obtains
To mashing layer.Concrete operations are as follows：Before water plant sowing or rice transplanting, artificial arable layer is poured water, be beaten and flattened.
Before mashing, the Soil surface water of 8~10cm depth is poured into field, is uniformly beaten and flattens through beater, in arable layer formed 5~
The mashing layer of 10cm depth, mashing layer can be directly used for planting.
In addition, paddy field all carries out draining winter slack after harvesting every year, ensure that reduction and oxidizing condition are alternately in soil, dredge
Mellow soil improves soil physical properties, promotes soil potential fertility validation.
The soil body reconstruct schematic diagram of dry crop is shown in Fig. 2, and the soil body reconstruct schematic diagram of aquatic crops is shown in Fig. 3.
Embodiment：
By taking certain project of Shaanxi Yellow River gantry section as an example, Project Areas belongs to the semiarid continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, for many years
Average precipitation 555.2mm, is concentrated mainly on two season of summer and autumn, and 7~September average precipitation reaches 306mm.Temperature on average 13.7 for many years
DEG C, annual daily temperature range is 10.3 DEG C average.>=10 DEG C of accumulated temperature are 4626 DEG C, continue 209 days, hence it is evident that refer to better than the warm temperate zone upper bound
It marks (3400 DEG C~4500 DEG C of warm temperate zone accumulated temperature)；>=20 DEG C of accumulated temperature are 2718 DEG C, continue 107 days.When annual sunshine 2436 is small,
Solar radiation total amount reaches 121.24kcal/ (cm2A), more annual average frost-free periods are 208 days.Air pressure for many years be averaged 96.3 ×
103Pa, wind speed annual 2.5m/s.
It is investigated according to reconnaissance trip, Project Areas shoal 1.5~2m of groundwater level depth, river Beaches ' Underground Water Level buried depth
0.2~1m.7~October of wet season, run-off was about 152.4 hundred million m in section year in Project Areas3, account for annual runoff 60% is left
It is right；1~2 month of dry season, run-off was about 24.8 hundred million m3, account for 9% of annual runoff or so.
The Project Areas shoal soil soil texture is sandy loam；The river beach soil texture is loamy sand.Shoal soil and river beach
The pH of ground soil belongs to alkalescent, the growth of oxidation-reduction potential suitable for crop.The content of organic matter of shoal soil is in deficiency state, river
The exchangeable calcium of beach soil is in extremely abundant level, and the content of organic matter is in medium level.The full nitrogen of shoal and river beach soil,
It is medium that available phosphorus, available potassium, effective boron equal size are in lacking extremely shortage level, available silicon content.Shoal and river beach
The average contents such as heavy metal chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead in ground soil meet China《Standard of soil environment quality》(GB
II grade standards in 15618-1995) are planted available for field-crop.
It is silt loam to Project Areas soil field soil property.At No. 3 soil 0~2m of field with the soil of No. 1 soil following soil layer of field 2m
Clay content is higher, and artificial plough sole is can be used for after rolling.
The pH value of native field soil, the growth of oxidation-reduction potential suitable for crop.The native field content of organic matter is in medium to abundant water
Flat, each soil field exchangeable calcium is in extremely enriching level, total nitrogen content be in lack extremely lack it is horizontal, available phosphorus, available potassium,
It is medium to abundant that the content of effective boron is in shortage extremely deficiency state, available silicon content.Heavy metal chromium in native field soil, nickel,
The average content of copper, zinc, arsenic, cadmium, lead etc. meets China《Standard of soil environment quality》In II grade standards, available for farmland
Crop-planting, for artificial arable layer earthing.
Huanghe water, underground water, urban river water etc. are used equally for irrigating.
According to regional water supply ability and the water demand of crop, determine shoal can rice cultivation, river Lotus planting.
It is high standard rice terrace and lotus rhizome field by Project Areas shoal to be built respectively with river beach, is carried out in Project Areas
The soil body reconstructs, and specific method is as follows：
(1) shoal physical features is relatively flat in Project Areas, by the whole gradient 1 ‰ in north orientation south.It is integrally drawn from south orientation north by shoal
It is divided into 3 big fields, area is about at 154 hectares or so, and river beach is totally divided into 4 big fields, and area is about on 120 hectares of left sides
It is right.The more uniform small field of area is divided into using lattice field form inside big field, lattice field Nei Tian faces difference in height control ±
2.5cm.Lattice field shape is planned to rectangle, and according to physical features from high to low using northeast-southwestward as long side, short side direction is therewith
Vertically, ridging direction is consistent with long side.Project lattice field is sized so as to 40m × 120m, is carried out in lattice field smooth.
(2) shoal level of ground water in Project Areas meets paddy growth requirement, by native field loess and water according to volume ratio 1:1.3
(soil:Water) ratio mixed, stirred, then mud mixture is equably poured using pulp shooting machine be filled in it is smooth after shoal
Surface layer constructs the artificial plough soles of 3cm on this basis.Earthing 25cm builds artificial arable layer, and Paddy soil weight structure, which amounts to, to be covered
Native 28cm, artificial arable layer dry density about 1.25g/cm3.Ensure Soil surface water depth 2~10cm (tillering stages in rice at whole growth periods
2~3cm of water layer, 6~10cm of jointing-booting stage water layer)；The mud surface layer of 3~5cm or so is kept between Soil surface water and arable layer, is
Rice soil redox provides cushioning effect.
Beach direct Lotus planting after small range is smooth in Project Areas river removes backfill without carrying out earthing or soil layer.
Lotus rhizome field forms tool 30~40cm thickness mud by waterflooding in farming and keeps 5~30cm depth Soil surface waters.
(3) according to artificial arable layer soil analysis, the amount of application for the first time of rice terrace and lotus rhizome field urea is 40kg per acre.
Apply sheep manure about 600kg rice terrace first years per acre, lotus rhizome field 1600kg per acre.
Rice terrace imposes urea 6kg after 5 days per acre in shoot transplanting equipment, applies urea per acre with reference to cultivated land within 13~15 days after rice transplanting
5kg imposes urea and each 5kg of potassium chloride in 25~30 days or so before heading per acre.Spray the micro member such as zinc, manganese, boron twice simultaneously
Element：For the first time in tillering regularity, second in the ear differentiation completion phase.Zinc, manganese, the amount of application of boron fertilizer are 100-125g per acre,
Bath concentration be：Zinc is one thousandth；Manganese, boron are respectively 5/10000ths, and choosing cloudy day or fine day spray blade face afternoon.
Lotus rhizome growth period top dressing 3 times carries out for the first time when there is 1~2 vertical leaf, applies per acre or urea 15kg, with
Promote vertical leaf growth；It is carried out for the second time in lotus leaf Feng Hangqian, applies composite fertilizer 50kg per acre；Third time carries out before lotus root is tied, per acre
Apply composite fertilizer 20kg and potassium sulfate 15kg.
Rice yield about 400kg per acre of first year, the abortive grain rate about 11% of paddy；Lotus rhizome yield is normally adopted in 700kg
It receives.600kg/ mus of (1000~1500kg/ mus of straw amount), lotus rhizomes are reached with rice yield after 3~5 years reach 2000kg/ mus and be
Target output.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of design method of land engineering, which is characterized in that comprise the following steps：
Step 1：Investigate the weather conditions and water resources condition in region to be renovated；
Step 2：Carry out reconnaissance trip and lab analysis；Determine regional extent to be renovated, landform, elevation and soil thickness variation,
The local long-term cropping species of investigation and yield；It gathers pedotheque and water sample carries out lab analysis；
Step 3：According to the investigation result of steps 1 and 2, several plantable crop is selected；Zoning water supply capacity and crop
Water requirement, and water project situation is adjusted, it determines to treat long-term cropping；
Step 4：The soil body for treating regulation region is reconstructed and increased fertilizer, and is specifically comprised the following steps：
Step 41：River beach or shoal surface layer are carried out smooth；
Step 42：With muddy water pour it is smooth after river beach or shoal surface layer, formed dirt bed；
Step 43：It is tamped after drying dirt bed and on it covering loess, forms artificial plough sole, include the following steps：Drying
Dirt bed to its moisture content reaches 18%~19%, and loess is covered on dirt bed and is tamped, reaches the loess dry density of compacting
To 1.6~1.7g/cm3, the loess layer thickness finally tamped reaches 2.0~3.0cm, obtains artificial plough sole；
Step 44：Artificial plough sole is carried out using the low mode of the high pad of shovel smooth；
Step 45：Loess is covered on the artificial plough sole after smooth, forms artificial arable layer；Loess is equably covered in flat
On artificial plough sole after whole, artificial arable layer is obtained, artificial arable layer dry density scope is 1.2~1.3g/cm3, covering thickness
It spends for 24~25cm；
Step 46：Artificial arable layer is carefully put down；
Step 47：It increases fertilizer to artificial arable layer.
2. the design method of land engineering as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the step 41 by river beach or
Shoal surface layer carries out smooth include the following steps：
Shoal surface layer is carried out using engineering method smooth, it is uniform on river beach or shoal using lattice field form to be divided into area
Rectangular field, field according to physical features from high to low direction be long side, short side direction is vertical with long side, ridging direction and long side
Unanimously；The field length-width ratio that ridging is formed is 2:1~4:1.
3. the design method of land engineering as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that there are the gradients in field interior zone
When, it is smooth to field region progress using the low method of the high pad of shovel, lateral gradient ＜ 1/2000, longitudinal gradient ＜ are made after smooth
1/1500, field face difference in height ± 2.5~3cm.
4. the design method of land engineering as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that being poured with muddy water for the step 42 is flat
River beach or shoal surface layer after whole form dirt bed, include the following steps：
Mud mixture uniformly poured using pulp shooting machine be filled in it is smooth after river beach or shoal surface layer；Drying to surface layer does not have
Ponding makes the soil to be formed layer thickness reach 4~5mm.
5. the design method of land engineering as claimed in claim 2, which is characterized in that in the step 44, the artificial plough
After bottom progress is smooth, field face difference in height is ± 2.5cm.
6. the design method of land engineering as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that during the covering loess, with step 41
Tian Weiyi construction cell of lattice of middle division carries out, and bicycle earthing area is calculated according to the transporter gauge of per car soil before earthing,
Grid is marked with lime on the face of field, makes each grid web area and bicycle earthing area equation, accomplishes that each grid is firm
Well using vehicle soil.
7. the design method of land engineering as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step 4, if treating that plantation is made
Object is aquatic crops, then is further included after step 47：Artificial arable layer is poured water, be beaten and flattened, obtains mashing layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610196319.5A CN105900555B (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2016-03-31 | A kind of design method of land engineering |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610196319.5A CN105900555B (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2016-03-31 | A kind of design method of land engineering |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN105900555A CN105900555A (en) | 2016-08-31 |
| CN105900555B true CN105900555B (en) | 2018-05-25 |
Family
ID=56745280
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201610196319.5A Active CN105900555B (en) | 2016-03-31 | 2016-03-31 | A kind of design method of land engineering |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN105900555B (en) |
Families Citing this family (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107580819B (en) * | 2017-08-31 | 2021-05-04 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | Method for quickly constructing newly reclaimed paddy field plough layer |
| CN107710940A (en) * | 2017-09-05 | 2018-02-23 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | One kind cultivates the organic reconstructing method of soil body when causing paddy field |
| CN107736100A (en) * | 2017-10-27 | 2018-02-27 | 广东省生态环境技术研究所 | A kind of fast and effective construction method for forming farming plough sole |
| CN109257987A (en) * | 2018-08-19 | 2019-01-25 | 盐城师范学院 | Arid and semi-arid lands salt-soda soil dry type desalination and efficient technique of rainwater utilization scheme |
| CN112425304B (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2022-03-08 | 宁波圣捷喷雾泵有限公司 | Method for planting crops in desert |
| CN114418040B (en) * | 2022-03-31 | 2022-07-08 | 山东鹤鹏技术有限公司 | Method and system for monitoring and early warning of landscaping maintenance |
| CN115316066B (en) * | 2022-09-02 | 2024-04-19 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | Comprehensive water and soil resource renovation method for loess hilly and gully region channel |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101313650A (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2008-12-03 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院 | Method for greening infertile side slope fields |
| CN102246642A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2011-11-23 | 黄石理工学院 | Method for screening heavy metal hyperaccumulator by using mining wasteland |
| CN103039147A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-17 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Reclamation method for sunk paddy field caused by mining in mountainous regions |
| CN105210797A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-01-06 | 北京林业大学 | The afforestation and soil preparation method of a kind of North China water conservation forest |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2510630B (en) * | 2013-02-11 | 2015-08-05 | Kverneland Group Les Landes Genusson | Strip tilling system |
| BR102015010729A2 (en) * | 2014-05-11 | 2015-11-17 | Autonomous Solutions Inc | mission control system and method for an agricultural system |
-
2016
- 2016-03-31 CN CN201610196319.5A patent/CN105900555B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101313650A (en) * | 2008-05-23 | 2008-12-03 | 中国水电顾问集团中南勘测设计研究院 | Method for greening infertile side slope fields |
| CN102246642A (en) * | 2011-04-11 | 2011-11-23 | 黄石理工学院 | Method for screening heavy metal hyperaccumulator by using mining wasteland |
| CN103039147A (en) * | 2013-01-06 | 2013-04-17 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Reclamation method for sunk paddy field caused by mining in mountainous regions |
| CN105210797A (en) * | 2015-10-12 | 2016-01-06 | 北京林业大学 | The afforestation and soil preparation method of a kind of North China water conservation forest |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN105900555A (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN105900555B (en) | A kind of design method of land engineering | |
| Yuan et al. | Effects of deficit irrigation with saline water on soil water-salt distribution and water use efficiency of maize for seed production in arid Northwest China | |
| Wang et al. | Water-saving agriculture in China: an overview | |
| CN104012361B (en) | A kind of method preventing the soil liquid manure loss when gravel soil ground cultivating grape | |
| CN105519274B (en) | A kind of integrated approach of extensive coastal new Climacteric symptoms farmland ecology exploitation | |
| CN102934546B (en) | Method for rapidly improving plough-layer soil of newly cultivated barren lands in southern hilly and mountainous regions | |
| Shahid et al. | Soil salinity development, classification, assessment and management in irrigated agriculture | |
| CN102845215A (en) | Economical and quick method for planting salinized soil lawn | |
| CN102318529B (en) | Aquatic and dry amphibious planting method for rice | |
| Lu et al. | Quantitative assessment of resource-use efficient cropping systems: a case study for Ansai in the Loess Plateau of China | |
| CN105724208A (en) | Red-spotted stonecrop plant roof greening matrix and preparing method thereof | |
| CN110073756A (en) | A kind of beach newly encloses tideland for cultivation the efficient modification method of farmland soil | |
| CN108391563A (en) | A kind of arid biogeographic zone strongly salined soil barren hill greening method | |
| CN102177776A (en) | Composite method for controlling rill erosion of slope farmlands | |
| CN107646225A (en) | A kind of method of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore original soil furnished equipments | |
| CN107211785A (en) | It is a kind of that large area site preparation and the method for rice cultivation are carried out to desert area | |
| CN110326492A (en) | A kind of phytobiocoenose construction method | |
| Van Rensburg et al. | Managing salinity associated with irrigation at Orange-Riet and Vaalharts Irrigation Schemes | |
| CN108739088B (en) | Mixed grass lawn for walking and construction method thereof | |
| CN107347435A (en) | The method for planting tulip by improveing salt-soda soil | |
| CN113196906B (en) | In-situ quick curing method for raw soil | |
| CN106233848A (en) | A kind of root control salt method planted between salt-soda soil Rhizoma Dioscoreae esculentae and Fructus Kochiae | |
| CN101107910A (en) | No-tillage reclaiming turf and manufacturing method thereof | |
| Xu et al. | Application of hydrogen and oxygen stable isotope techniques on soil water research: A review | |
| CN107586219B (en) | Preparation method of fertilizer water pit for mountain apple orchard |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |