CN103741698A - Loess hilly-and-gully area coal-mining subsidence and crevice treatment method - Google Patents
Loess hilly-and-gully area coal-mining subsidence and crevice treatment method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a loess hilly-and-gully area coal-mining subsidence and crevice treatment method. Subsidences and crevices exist in loess hilly-and-gully areas can be treated by the filling method of stripping by segments and staggered refilling, and the filling structure in the subsidences and crevices are divided into a bedding layer, a raw soil layer and a surface soil layer form bottom to top. The treatment processes of the subsidences and crevices include: 1, dividing treatment segments, namely dividing the crevices to be treated into a plurality of treatment segments from front to rear along the vertical extending direction; 2, stripping by segments and refilling in a staggered manner, namely treating the treatment segments respectively from front to rear till treatment on all treatment segments is completed. The method is simple in processes, reasonable in design, convenient to implement and good in treatment effect, and the problems that according to an existing subsidence and crevice filling method, crevices re-appear after filling, crevice treatment effect is poor and the like can be solved effectively.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crack, mining collapse area and administer technical field, especially relate to coal mining subsidence area crack, a kind of Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method.
Background technology
Domestic mine of western multidigit is in arid and semi-arid area, especially typical with Loess Plateau landforms.Gullied Rolling Loess Region refers to that earth's surface cutting and crushing, gully density are large, vegetation coverage is low, the loess loess low-relief terrain of severe water and soil erosion.Due to Gullied Rolling Loess Region severe water and soil erosion, ecological environment is comparatively fragile, and the subsidence feature of the type mining area continuous modification is not obvious, and the caused destruction of surface of mining mainly be take the collapse-fissure of Discontinuous Deformation as main.Wherein, the geological disaster of Gullied Rolling Loess Region be mainly subside and with the ground fissure of the association of subsiding, the generation of wherein subsiding is mainly to be caused by the mining of bottom, mining area, and subsided to affect in its periphery association and had many ground fissures, this ground fissure is just collapse-fissure, and form small-sized slip and fall in border region many places, that is to say in the larger Gullied Rolling Loess Region coal mining process of side slope, collapse-fissure often brings out loess slope avalanche, stop up raceway groove, vegetation destruction, aggravation soil erosion.
Nowadays,, to the subside process for comprehensively treating on ground of Gullied Rolling Loess Region, correlative study is both at home and abroad also fewer.Especially for width, be greater than the crack of 20cm, ecological disruption is serious, and some cracks lead directly to mine, and these cracks, as carried out simple filling by existing commonsense method, often there will be the problem of crack reproduction, and regulation effect is undesirable.Like this, not only downhole safety is produced and threatened, and be unfavorable for the recovery of the ecological environment on earth's surface, and aggravate soil erosion, in order to impel collapse-fissure district agricultural ecological and vegetation recovery, must take aggregate measures to administer.To sum up, nowadays lack a kind of method step simple, reasonable in design and realize coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region method of improvementing convenient, regulation effect is good, can effectively solve the problems such as crack after the filling of existing collapse-fissure placement method existence there will be again, crack regulation effect is poor.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is for above-mentioned deficiency of the prior art, coal mining subsidence area crack, a kind of Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method is provided, its method step simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, regulation effect is good, can solve the problems such as crack after the filling of existing collapse-fissure placement method existence there will be again, crack regulation effect is poor.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is: coal mining subsidence area crack, a kind of Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, it is characterized in that: adopt segmentation to peel off with the placement method of the backfill that interlocks the collapse-fissure of administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region existence is administered, and the filling structure in collapse-fissure is respectively bed course, raw soil layer and topsoil from the bottom to top; The governance process of described collapse-fissure is as follows:
Step 2, segmentation are peeled off and the backfill that interlocks: from front to back a plurality of described improvement sections are administered respectively, process is as follows:
Step 201, the 1st section are administered, and comprise the following steps:
The table soil of step 2011, the 1st section is peeled off with the immature soil: the immature soil to the topsoil of the 1st the section left and right sides and top, the left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and the topsoil of peeling off and the immature soil are separately stored up;
The bed course filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2012, the 2nd section and the 1st section: the topsoil of the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively and the topsoil of peeling off is stored up; Meanwhile, the bed course of the 1st section is carried out to filling;
The immature soil of step 2013, the 2nd section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of the 1st section: after the bed course filling of the 1st section completes, the immature soil to top, the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the raw soil layer of the 1st section;
The topsoil filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2014, the 3rd section and the 1st section: the topsoil to the 3rd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the topsoil of the 1st section, now complete the governance process of the 1st section;
Step 202, next section are administered: current administered section is i section, wherein i be positive integer and i=2,3 ..., N-2, the governance process of i section is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2021, an i section: after the table soil of i section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course of i section is carried out to filling;
The immature soil of step 2022, an i+1 section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of i section: after the bed course filling of i section completes, the immature soil to top, i+1 the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in i section, form the raw soil layer of i section;
In this step, before the immature soil on top, i+1 the section left and right sides is peeled off, the table soil of i+1 the section left and right sides has been stripped from, and the table soil of peeling off is backfilled in i-1 section and forms the topsoil of i-1 section;
The topsoil stripping of step 2023, an i+2 section and the topsoil filling of i section: the topsoil of i+2 the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in i section, form the topsoil of i section, now complete the governance process of i section;
Step 203, repeating step 202 repeatedly, until complete the governance process of N-2 section;
Step 204, a N-1 section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2041, a N-1 section: after the table soil of N-1 section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course of N-1 section is carried out to filling;
The immature soil of step 2042, a N section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of N-1 section: after the bed course filling of N-1 section completes, the immature soil to top, N the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in N-1 section, form the raw soil layer of N-1 section;
The topsoil filling of step 2043, a N-1 section: the topsoil of storing up in step 201 is backfilled in N-1 section, forms the topsoil of N-1 section, now complete the governance process of N-1 section;
Step 205, a N section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2051, a N section: after the table soil of N section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course of N section is carried out to filling;
The raw soil layer filling of step 2052, a N section: after the bed course filling of N section completes, the immature soil of storing up in step 2011 is backfilled in N section, forms the raw soil layer of N section;
The topsoil filling of step 2053, a N section: the topsoil of storing up in step 201 is backfilled in N section, forms the topsoil of N section, now complete the governance process of collapse-fissure.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, it is characterized in that: adopt segmentation to peel off with the placement method of the backfill that interlocks the collapse-fissure of administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region existence is carried out in governance process, also need the avalanche district to being caused by collapse-fissure to administer, described avalanche district in cheuch and its be positioned on the loess slope of cheuch one side; When avalanche district is administered, comprise the following steps:
Step I, excavation intercepting drain: above avalanche district, excavate one intercepting drain;
Step II, serike hedge: in avalanche district, plant multiple tracks plant hedge, plant hedge is from top to bottom laid described in multiple tracks;
Step III, build native check dam: in the downstream of cheuch, build the native check dam for Littoral Barrier.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, it is characterized in that: described in the filling structure in described collapse-fissure, between raw soil layer and topsoil, be also covered with one deck covering layer, described covering layer is that one deck is layered on the mulch on topsoil, described mulch is the mixture that stalk and loess are uniformly mixed to form, and in described mulch, the volume ratio of stalk and loess is (10～15) ︰ 100.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, is characterized in that: the length of a plurality of described improvement sections is 5m～10m.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, is characterized in that: after the topsoil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the table soil excavation area of this improvement section; And after the immature soil that each is administered to top, the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the immature soil excavation area of this improvement section; Each width of administering the table soil excavation area of section is all greater than the width of its immature soil excavation area;
Width and the degree of depth of the table soil excavation area of N described improvement section are all identical, and immature soil excavation area width and the degree of depth of N described improvement section are all identical;
The raw soil layer of respectively administering section in N described improvement section is all positioned at its immature soil excavation area, and the topsoil of respectively administering section is all positioned at it and shows native excavation area;
The upper surface of described topsoil and bed course is arch; The lateral wall of the native excavation area of described table and described immature soil excavation area is from outside to inside downward-sloping gradually slope one, the bottom surface of the native excavation area of described table and described immature soil excavation area is from the inside to the outside downward-sloping gradually slope two, the gradient of described slope two is 3%～5%, and the gradient of described slope one is 1 ︰ 1～3 ︰ 1.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, is characterized in that: described topsoil is arable land or filling meadow after reclaiming, and while being arable land after reclaiming, the thickness of topsoil is not less than 40cm and its springing height is 10cm left and right; After reclaiming, be while filling with meadow, the thickness of topsoil is not less than 20cm and its springing height is 5cm left and right; The bed thickness of described raw soil layer is consistent with each immature soil cover thickness of administering section.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, it is characterized in that: when the topsoil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off, the width of peeling off and thickness are all identical, and the width of peeling off is 1m ± 0.2m, and the thickness of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm; When the immature soil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off, the width of peeling off and thickness are all identical, and the width of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm, and the thickness of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, is characterized in that: described bed course is formed by spoil or loess-filling; While bed course being carried out to filling in step 2012, step 2021, step 2041 and step 2051, carry out from the bottom to top filling; In stowing operation, when being fills up to the position of the design elevation below d1 that is positioned at bed course, once vibrate; Afterwards, every raising h1 vibrates once; Wherein, d1=1m ± 0.2m, h1=30cm ± 5cm.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, is characterized in that: intercepting drain described in step I is enclosed in top and the left and right sides in avalanche district; In step II, before planting plants hedge, cut slope and open level in Xian Dui avalanche district, then cutting planting plants hedge on a plurality of steps that form after level is opened on slope; In step III, native check dam is positioned at the place, the mouth of a valley of cheuch.
Coal mining subsidence area crack, above-mentioned Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, is characterized in that: intercepting drain described in step I adopts the ditch ridge formula trapezoidal cross-section of cut and fill, and in ditch, bottom width is 0.4m～0.5m, dark 0.6～0.8m, and in ditch, the both sides gradient is 1: 1; Ridge top width 0.4m～0.5m, the gradient in outside, the ridge is 1: 1; In step II, cutting the ladder of opening the rear formation of level in slope is reversed terrace, and in described reversed terrace, the width of a plurality of steps is 0.5m～0.6m, and the gradient that is highly 0.5m～1.0m and step surface is 5 °～10 °.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages:
1, method step is simple, reasonable in design and realize conveniently, and input cost is lower.
2, improvement speed is fast and efficiency of construction is high, can be easy, the governance process that completes fast collapse-fissure.
3, collapse-fissure regulation effect is good, is mainly suitable for the collapse-fissure that earth's surface width is greater than 20cm and administers, and specifically by segmentation, peels off the soil profile layer with the suitable vegetation growth of technical construction of the backfill that interlocks.During actual improvement, first the topsoil of the 1st section and the immature soil are peeled off respectively and stored up, then the 2nd section top table soil is also peeled off and stored up, bed course that simultaneously can the 1st section of filling, and after cushion construction completes, the immature soil of the 2nd section is peeled off and is fills up in the excavation area of the 1st section, form the raw soil layer of the 1st the new structure soil of section; Then; the topsoil of the 3rd section is peeled off and is backfilled to the 1st section excavation area; just formed the land fill structure with the 2nd the section immature soil and the 3rd native the 1st the new section being formed of section top table, made upper soil horizon still on top, bottom soil layer is still in bottom; Just can realize above-mentioned compound natural soils cross-section structure by this staggered backfill by that analogy.Wherein, the reconstruct of last 2 each and every one sections need be peeled off and the Tu Yuan that stores up carrys out backfill with the 1st section and the 2nd section.Thereby, there is construction simple, convenient, can recover original ecological environment of soil, accelerate the advantages such as ecological reconstruction.
4, in the larger Loess Gullys coal mining process of side slope, the loess slope avalanche that bring out in coal mining subsidence area crack, adopt the pattern of intercepting drain+plant hedge+native check dam to carry out the comprehensive regulation, have that method step is simple, easy construction, can recover original ecological environment of soil, accelerate the advantages such as ecological reconstruction.
In sum, the inventive method step simple, reasonable in design and realize convenient, regulation effect is good, can effectively solve the problems such as crack after the filling that existing collapse-fissure placement method exists there will be again, crack regulation effect is poor.
Below by drawings and Examples, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the filling structural representation in collapse-fissure of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that the filling view when interlocking backfill is peeled off in segmentation of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is Construction State schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3-1 is the local enlarged diagram at A place in Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of intercepting drain of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of plant hedge of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the present invention's soil check dam.
Description of reference numerals:
1-collapse-fissure; 2-1-bed course; 2-2-raw soil layer;
2-3-covering layer; 2-4-topsoil; 3-avalanche district;
4-cheuch; 5-intercepting drain; 6-plant hedge;
7-native check dam; 8-top layer mound; 9-immature soil heap;
The native excavation area of 10-1-show; 10-2-immature soil excavation area.
The specific embodiment
Coal mining subsidence area crack, a kind of Gullied Rolling Loess Region of the present invention improvement method, adopting segmentation to peel off with the placement method of the backfill that interlocks administers the collapse-fissure 1 of administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region existence, and the filling structure in collapse-fissure 1 is respectively bed course 2-1, raw soil layer 2-2 and topsoil 2-4 from the bottom to top, refers to Fig. 1; The governance process of described collapse-fissure 1 is as follows:
In the present embodiment, the 1st section, the 2nd section ..., a N section is denoted as respectively! # section, 2# section ..., N# section.
Step 2, segmentation are peeled off and the backfill that interlocks: as shown in Figure 2, from front to back a plurality of described improvement sections are administered respectively, process is as follows:
Step 201, the 1st section are administered, and comprise the following steps:
The table soil of step 2011, the 1st section is peeled off with the immature soil: the immature soil to the topsoil of the 1st the section left and right sides and top, the left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and the topsoil of peeling off and the immature soil are separately stored up.
In the present embodiment, by the topsoil of peeling off in this step and the immature soil separately heap be saved as topsoil heap 8 and immature soil heap 9.Described top layer mound 8 and immature soil heap 9 lay respectively at the left and right sides of the 1st section.
The bed course filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2012, the 2nd section and the 1st section: the topsoil of the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively and the topsoil of peeling off is stored up; Meanwhile, the bed course 2-1 of the 1st section is carried out to filling.
In the present embodiment, the topsoil of peeling off in this step is stored up to top layer mound 8.
The immature soil of step 2013, the 2nd section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of the 1st section: after the bed course 2-1 of the 1st section filling completes, the immature soil to top, the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the raw soil layer 2-2 of the 1st section.
The topsoil filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2014, the 3rd section and the 1st section: the topsoil to the 3rd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the topsoil 2-4 of the 1st section, now complete the governance process of the 1st section.
Step 202, next section are administered: current administered section is i section, wherein i be positive integer and i=2,3 ..., N-2, the governance process of i section is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2021, an i section: after the table soil of i section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course 2-1 of i section is carried out to filling.
The immature soil of step 2022, an i+1 section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of i section: after the bed course 2-1 of i section filling completes, the immature soil to top, i+1 the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in i section, form the raw soil layer 2-2 of i section.
In this step, before the immature soil on top, i+1 the section left and right sides is peeled off, the table soil of i+1 the section left and right sides has been stripped from, and the table soil of peeling off is backfilled in i-1 section and forms the topsoil 2-4 of i-1 section.
The topsoil stripping of step 2023, an i+2 section and the topsoil filling of i section: the topsoil of i+2 the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in i section, form the topsoil 2-4 of i section, now complete the governance process of i section.
Step 203, repeating step 202 repeatedly, until complete the governance process of N-2 section.
Step 204, a N-1 section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2041, a N-1 section: after the table soil of N-1 section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course 2-1 of N-1 section is carried out to filling.
The immature soil of step 2042, a N section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of N-1 section: after the bed course 2-1 of N-1 section filling completes, the immature soil to top, N the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in N-1 section, form the raw soil layer 2-2 of N-1 section.
The topsoil filling of step 2043, a N-1 section: the topsoil of storing up in step 201 is backfilled in N-1 section, forms the topsoil 2-4 of N-1 section, now complete the governance process of N-1 section.
Step 205, a N section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2051, a N section: after the table soil of N section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course 2-1 of N section is carried out to filling.
The raw soil layer filling of step 2052, a N section: after the bed course 2-1 of N section filling completes, the immature soil of storing up in step 2011 is backfilled in N section, forms the raw soil layer 2-2 of N section.
The topsoil filling of step 2053, a N section: the topsoil of storing up in step 201 is backfilled in N section, forms the topsoil 2-4 of N section, now complete the governance process of collapse-fissure 1.
In the present embodiment, described in filling structure in described collapse-fissure 1, between raw soil layer 2-2 and topsoil 2-4, be also covered with one deck covering layer 2-3, described covering layer 2-3 is that one deck is layered on the mulch on topsoil 2-4, described mulch is the mixture that stalk and loess are uniformly mixed to form, and in described mulch, the volume ratio of stalk and loess is (10～15) ︰ 100.
The bed thickness of described covering layer 2-3 is that 10cm ± 2cm and its width are consistent with the bottom width of topsoil 2-4.In the present embodiment, the bed thickness of described covering layer 2-3 is 10cm.
In the present embodiment, the length of a plurality of described improvement sections is 5m～10m.Thereby, very convenient construction.
During actual improvement, can to the length of a plurality of described improvement sections, adjust accordingly according to specific needs.
In the present embodiment, after the topsoil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the table soil excavation area 10-1 of this improvement section; And after the immature soil that each is administered to top, the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the immature soil excavation area 10-2 of this improvement section; Each width of administering the table soil excavation area 10-1 of section is all greater than the width of its immature soil excavation area 10-2.
Width and the degree of depth of the table soil excavation area 10-1 of N described improvement section are all identical, and immature soil excavation area 10-2 width and the degree of depth of N described improvement section are all identical.
The raw soil layer 2-2 that respectively administers section in N described improvement section is all positioned at its immature soil excavation area 10-2, and the topsoil 2-4 that respectively administers section is all positioned at it and shows native excavation area 10-1.
In the present embodiment, the upper surface of described topsoil 2-4 and bed course 2-1 is arch.The lateral wall of the native excavation area 10-1 of described table and described immature soil excavation area 10-2 is from outside to inside downward-sloping gradually slope one, the bottom surface of the native excavation area 10-1 of described table and described immature soil excavation area 10-2 is from the inside to the outside downward-sloping gradually slope two, the gradient of described slope two is 3%～5%, and the gradient of described slope one is 1 ︰ 1～3 ︰ 1.
In the present embodiment, after described topsoil 2-4 reclaims, for ploughing or filling with meadow, while being arable land after reclaiming, the thickness of topsoil 2-4 is not less than 40cm and its springing height is 10cm left and right; After reclaiming, be while filling with meadow, the thickness of topsoil 2-4 is not less than 20cm and its springing height is 5cm left and right; The bed thickness of described raw soil layer 2-2 is consistent with each immature soil cover thickness of administering section.
During actual improvement, when the topsoil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off, the width of peeling off and thickness are all identical, and the width of peeling off is 1m ± 0.2m, and the thickness of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm; When the immature soil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off, the width of peeling off and thickness are all identical, and the width of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm, and the thickness of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm.
In the present embodiment, when the topsoil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off, the width of peeling off is 1m, and the thickness of peeling off is 50cm; When the topsoil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off, the width of peeling off is 50cm, and the thickness of peeling off is 50cm.
During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, the thickness of peeling off and thickness be adjusted accordingly.
During actual improvement, described bed course 2-1 is formed by spoil or loess-filling; While bed course 2-1 being carried out to filling in step 2012, step 2021, step 2041 and step 2051, carry out from the bottom to top filling; In stowing operation, when being fills up to the position of the design elevation below d1 that is positioned at bed course 2-1, once vibrate; Afterwards, every raising h1 vibrates once; Wherein, d1=1m ± 0.2m, h1=30cm ± 5cm.
In the present embodiment, d1=1m, h1=30cm.During practice of construction, can according to specific needs, the value size of d1 and h1 be adjusted accordingly.
As shown in the above, the filling structure in collapse-fissure 1 is respectively topsoil 2-4, covering layer 2-3, raw soil layer 2-2 and bed course 2-1 from top to bottom.Wherein, filling structure in collapse-fissure 1 is the soil texture after the interior reconstruct of described collapse-fissure 1, the present invention is based on geomorphologic conditions and the climate characteristic of administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region, and according to the basic principle of following pedology, collapse-fissure 1 is carried out to filling, and in collapse-fissure 1, reconstruct the land occupation condition of an applicable vegetation recovery, for ecological recovery is created good land occupation condition, promote ecology of mining areas civilization construction.
Wherein, topsoil 2-4 is the basis of crop growth and vegetation recovery, and major parameter is thickness, according to the direction after reclaiming, determines, if utilize direction for ploughing, thickness is not less than 20cm; Utilize if direction for filling with meadow, thickness of surface soil is not less than 20cm.In order to prevent that rainwater from soaking, cause crack district filling area loess to sink, the reserved certain sagitta in topsoil 2-4 top after reconstruct.The Main Function of covering layer 2-3 is water conservation, water proof, provides nutrient etc. for vegetation growth; Because west area wind is large, severe water and soil erosion, covering layer 2-3 is placed on earth's surface and is difficult for fixing, and the present invention is arranged on covering layer 2-3 between topsoil 2-4 and raw soil layer 2-2.Raw soil layer 2-2 utilizes the collapse-fissure 1 both sides following loess of table soil in crack to carry out filling.Bed course 2-1 utilizes the spoil of pollution element to fill, if loess is more, also can use loess to carry out filling around.
In the present embodiment, as shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 3-1, adopting segmentation to peel off with the placement method of the backfill that interlocks carries out in governance process the collapse-fissure 1 of administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region existence, also need the avalanche district 3 to being caused by collapse-fissure 1 to administer, described avalanche district 3 in cheuch 4 and its be positioned on the loess slope of cheuch 4 one sides; When avalanche district 3 is administered, comprise the following steps:
Step I, excavation intercepting drain: above avalanche district 3, excavate intercepting drain 5 one, refer to Fig. 4.
Step II, serike hedge: at avalanche district 3 interior plantation multiple tracks plant hedge 6, plant hedge 6 is from top to bottom laid described in multiple tracks, refers to Fig. 5.
Step III, build native check dam: in the downstream of cheuch 4, build the native check dam 7 for Littoral Barrier, refer to Fig. 6.
In the present embodiment, intercepting drain 5 described in step I is enclosed in top and the left and right sides in avalanche district 3; In step II, before planting plants hedge 6, cut slope and open level in Xian Dui avalanche district 3, then cutting planting plants hedge 6 on a plurality of steps that form after level is opened on slope; In step III, native check dam 7 is positioned at the place, the mouth of a valley of cheuch 4.
In the present embodiment, intercepting drain described in step I 5 adopts the ditch ridge formula trapezoidal cross-section of cut and fill, and in ditch, bottom width is 0.4m～0.5m, dark 0.6～0.8m, and in ditch, the both sides gradient is 1: 1; Ridge top width 0.4m～0.5m, the gradient in outside, the ridge is 1: 1; In step II, cutting the ladder of opening the rear formation of level in slope is reversed terrace, and in described reversed terrace, the width of a plurality of steps is 0.5m～0.6m, and the gradient that is highly 0.5m～1.0m and step surface is 5 °～10 °.
During practice of construction, can be according to specific needs, to described intercepting drain 5, cut that the ladder that forms after level is opened on slope and the size of native check dam 7 adjusts accordingly.
In actual use procedure, the effect of described intercepting drain 5 is to reduce slope runoff to flow in avalanche district 3, prevents again slump or soil erosion.Described intercepting drain 5 is laid in the chipping top outer 5m left and right in avalanche district 3, extend, and the length in avalanche district 3 is can prevent that slope runoff from entering chipping and being as the criterion from center, chipping top to both sides.
The Main Function of described plant hedge 6 is to stablize colluvial heap, prevents secondary and corrodes.In step II, cut a plurality of steps of opening the rear formation of level reversed terrace in slope and can adopt same size from top to bottom, also can require to change to some extent with landform, soil condition and forestation planting grass.
Effect Shi avalanche district 3 mouth of a valley, the bottom Littoral Barriers of described native check dam 7, reduce farmland, pile things on downstream.As shown in table 1, the dam body cross dimension of described native check dam 7, should arrange according to the orographic condition of its position.
The native check dam dam body of table 1 cross dimension design parameters table
| Height of dam (m)/a | Top width (m)/b | Bottom width (m)/c | Upstream batter ratio/d | Downstream slope ratio/e |
| 2 | 1.5 | 5.9 | 1:1.2 | 1:1.0 |
| 3 | 1.5 | 9.0 | 1:1.3 | 1:1.2 |
| 4 | 2.0 | 13.2 | 1:1.5 | 1:1.3 |
| 5 | 2.0 | 18.5 | 1:1.8 | 1:1.5 |
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not the present invention is imposed any restrictions, every any simple modification of above embodiment being done according to the technology of the present invention essence, change and equivalent structure change, and all still belong in the protection domain of technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. coal mining subsidence area crack, Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method, it is characterized in that: adopt segmentation to peel off with the placement method of the backfill that interlocks the collapse-fissure (1) of administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region existence is administered, and the filling structure in collapse-fissure (1) is respectively bed course (2-1), raw soil layer (2-2) and topsoil (2-4) from the bottom to top; The governance process of described collapse-fissure (1) is as follows:
Step 1, administer section partition: extend longitudinally direction and needs administer crack (1) and be divided into from front to back a plurality of improvement sections, the quantity of a plurality of described improvement sections be individual and its identical length of N together, wherein N is positive integer and N > 3; N described improvement section according to installation position be respectively from front to back the 1st section, the 2nd section ..., a N section;
Step 2, segmentation are peeled off and the backfill that interlocks: from front to back a plurality of described improvement sections are administered respectively, process is as follows:
Step 201, the 1st section are administered, and comprise the following steps:
The table soil of step 2011, the 1st section is peeled off with the immature soil: the immature soil to the topsoil of the 1st the section left and right sides and top, the left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and the topsoil of peeling off and the immature soil are separately stored up;
The bed course filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2012, the 2nd section and the 1st section: the topsoil of the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively and the topsoil of peeling off is stored up; Meanwhile, the bed course (2-1) of the 1st section is carried out to filling;
The immature soil of step 2013, the 2nd section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of the 1st section: after bed course (2-1) filling of the 1st section completes, the immature soil to top, the 2nd the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the raw soil layer (2-2) of the 1st section;
The topsoil filling of the topsoil stripping of step 2014, the 3rd section and the 1st section: the topsoil to the 3rd the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in the 1st section, form the topsoil (2-4) of the 1st section, now complete the governance process of the 1st section;
Step 202, next section are administered: current administered section is i section, wherein i be positive integer and i=2,3 ..., N-2, the governance process of i section is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2021, an i section: after the table soil of i section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course of i section (2-1) is carried out to filling;
The immature soil of step 2022, an i+1 section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of i section: after bed course (2-1) filling of i section completes, the immature soil to top, i+1 the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in i section, form the raw soil layer (2-2) of i section;
In this step, before the immature soil on top, i+1 the section left and right sides is peeled off, the table soil of i+1 the section left and right sides has been stripped from, and the table soil of peeling off is backfilled in i-1 section and forms the topsoil (2-4) of i-1 section;
The topsoil stripping of step 2023, an i+2 section and the topsoil filling of i section: the topsoil of i+2 the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, and peeled off topsoil is backfilled in i section, form the topsoil (2-4) of i section, now complete the governance process of i section;
Step 203, repeating step 202 repeatedly, until complete the governance process of N-2 section;
Step 204, a N-1 section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2041, a N-1 section: after the table soil of N-1 section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course of N-1 section (2-1) is carried out to filling;
The immature soil of step 2042, a N section is peeled off and the raw soil layer filling of N-1 section: after bed course (2-1) filling of N-1 section completes, the immature soil to top, N the section left and right sides is peeled off, and the peeled off immature soil is backfilled in N-1 section, form the raw soil layer (2-2) of N-1 section;
The topsoil filling of step 2043, a N-1 section: the topsoil of storing up in step 201 is backfilled in N-1 section, forms the topsoil (2-4) of N-1 section, now complete the governance process of N-1 section;
Step 205, a N section are administered, and process is as follows:
The bed course filling of step 2051, a N section: after the table soil of N section is all peeled off with the immature soil, the bed course of N section (2-1) is carried out to filling;
The raw soil layer filling of step 2052, a N section: after bed course (2-1) filling of N section completes, the immature soil of storing up in step 2011 is backfilled in N section, forms the raw soil layer (2-2) of N section;
The topsoil filling of step 2053, a N section: the topsoil of storing up in step 201 is backfilled in N section, forms the topsoil (2-4) of N section, now complete the governance process of collapse-fissure (1).
2. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, Gullied Rolling Loess Region claimed in claim 1 improvement method, it is characterized in that: adopt segmentation to peel off with the placement method of the backfill that interlocks the collapse-fissure (1) of administered Gullied Rolling Loess Region existence is carried out in governance process, also need the avalanche district (3) to being caused by collapse-fissure (1) to administer, described avalanche district (3) in cheuch (4) and its be positioned on the loess slope of cheuch (4) one sides; When avalanche district (3) are administered, comprise the following steps:
Step I, excavation intercepting drain: at avalanche district (3) top excavation one intercepting drain (5);
Step II, serike hedge: plantation multiple tracks plant hedge (6) in avalanche district (3), plant hedge (6) is from top to bottom laid described in multiple tracks;
Step III, build native check dam: in the downstream of cheuch (4), build the native check dam (7) for Littoral Barrier.
3. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described in the filling structure in described collapse-fissure (1), between raw soil layer (2-2) and topsoil (2-4), be also covered with one deck covering layer (2-3), described covering layer (2-3) is layered on the mulch on topsoil (2-4) for one deck, described mulch is the mixture that stalk and loess are uniformly mixed to form, and in described mulch, the volume ratio of stalk and loess is (10～15) ︰ 100.
4. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: the length of a plurality of described improvement sections is 5m～10m.
5. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: after the topsoil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the table soil excavation area (10-1) of this improvement section; And after the immature soil that each is administered to top, the section left and right sides is peeled off respectively, all form the immature soil excavation area (10-1) of this improvement section; Each width of administering the table soil excavation area (10-1) of section is all greater than the width of its immature soil excavation area (10-2);
Width and the degree of depth of the table soil excavation area (10-1) of N described improvement section are all identical, and immature soil excavation area (10-2) width and the degree of depth of N described improvement section are all identical;
The raw soil layer (2-2) of respectively administering section in N described improvement section is all positioned at its immature soil excavation area (10-2), and the topsoil (2-4) of respectively administering section is all positioned at it and shows native excavation area (10-1);
The upper surface of described topsoil (2-4) and bed course (2-1) is arch; The lateral wall of the native excavation area of described table (10-1) and described immature soil excavation area (10-2) is from outside to inside downward-sloping gradually slope one, the bottom surface of the native excavation area of described table (10-1) and described immature soil excavation area (10-2) is from the inside to the outside downward-sloping gradually slope two, the gradient of described slope two is 3%～5%, and the gradient of described slope one is 1 ︰ 1～3 ︰ 1.
6. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described topsoil (2-4) is arable land or filling meadow after reclaiming, while being arable land after reclaiming, the thickness of topsoil (2-4) is not less than 40cm and its springing height is 10cm left and right; After reclaiming, be while filling with meadow, the thickness of topsoil (2-4) is not less than 20cm and its springing height is 5cm left and right; The bed thickness of described raw soil layer (2-2) is consistent with each immature soil cover thickness of administering section.
7. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: when the topsoil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off, the width of peeling off and thickness are all identical, and the width of peeling off is 1m ± 0.2m, the thickness of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm; When the immature soil of in step 2, each being administered to the section left and right sides is peeled off, the width of peeling off and thickness are all identical, and the width of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm, and the thickness of peeling off is 50cm ± 10cm.
8. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, the Gullied Rolling Loess Region improvement method described in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: described bed course (2-1) is formed by spoil or loess-filling; While bed course (2-1) being carried out to filling in step 2012, step 2021, step 2041 and step 2051, carry out from the bottom to top filling; In stowing operation, when being fills up to the position of the design elevation below d1 that is positioned at bed course (2-1), once vibrate; Afterwards, every raising h1 vibrates once; Wherein, d1=1m ± 0.2m, h1=30cm ± 5cm.
9. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, Gullied Rolling Loess Region claimed in claim 2 improvement method, it is characterized in that: intercepting drain described in step I (5) is enclosed in top and the left and right sides in avalanche district (3); In step II, planting plants hedge (6) before, cut slope and open level by Xian Dui avalanche district (3), then cutting planting plants hedge (6) on a plurality of steps that form after level is opened on slope; In step III, native check dam (7) is positioned at the place, the mouth of a valley of cheuch (4).
10. according to coal mining subsidence area crack, Gullied Rolling Loess Region claimed in claim 9 improvement method, it is characterized in that: intercepting drain described in step I (5) adopts the ditch ridge formula trapezoidal cross-section of cut and fill, in ditch, bottom width is 0.4m～0.5m, dark 0.6～0.8m, and in ditch, the both sides gradient is 1: 1; Ridge top width 0.4m～0.5m, the gradient in outside, the ridge is 1: 1; In step II, cutting the ladder of opening the rear formation of level in slope is reversed terrace, and in described reversed terrace, the width of a plurality of steps is 0.5m～0.6m, and the gradient that is highly 0.5m～1.0m and step surface is 5 °～10 °.
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