CN107787634A - A kind of Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method - Google Patents
A kind of Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method, using improved soil the methods of applying fertilizer, plough, after the improvement of heavy-degraded wetland soil, Suaeda salsa being capable of successful growth, the salt content of upper soll layer can be significantly reduced by ploughing deeply, the Suaeda heteroptera germination percentage of different thicknesss of sowing is improved 6.8 34 times simultaneously, largely improve the utilization rate of Suaeda heteroptera seed, reduce the cost that enterprise carries out the purchase seed of restoration of the ecosystem.Determine the data such as the temperature, humidity, electrical conductivity in multigroup experimental plot and be compared carrying out stirring the physicochemical property for being later discovered that soil to soil that there occurs significant change, the factor that the electrical conductivity (EC values) of its topsoil, salinity etc. influence Suaeda heteroptera growth all substantially reduces, and ploughs deeply so that topsoil electrical conductivity have dropped 24.86%.Ploughing deeply the quantity of rear Tianjin thickness crabhole reduces 12.5%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method.
Background technology
Littoral zone (coastal area) is land and the handing-over area of ocean interaction, is human society prosperity and development
The most potential and area of vigor.Littoral zone both has great ecological benefits, has great economic benefit again, but due to people
Mouth constantly gathers to coastal region, and the pressure for facing littoral zone is increasing, and resource and environmental problem are increasingly severe.
Liaoning double-mesa technology is the typical seashore wetland ecosystem of northern China, but recently as expanding economy mankind's activity
Interference increasingly strengthens so that original Honghe fault ecosystem degradation is serious, and Suaeda heteroptera is dead, large area barren beach occurs, it would be highly desirable to
The research and development of artificial recovery technique are carried out to the ecology of locality, this research is intended launching Suaeda heteroptera seed and clam worm children by scene
Based on seedling, it is aided with necessary management means, carries out the biological prosthetic of degraded habitat, and quantitative assessment is carried out to recovery technique, builds
It is vertical a set of to be suitable for Typical North seashore wetland bioremediation technology.
Countries in the world take a variety of safeguard measures to littoral zone at present, and early on October 27th, 1972, the U.S. promulgated
《Coastal zone planing method》(CZMA), therewith the state such as South Korea, Japan, Singapore, Britain also successively formulated coastal zone planing law,
Regulation.Simultaneously in order to reduce the destruction Of resources and avoid ecological further deterioration, using artificial measures to having been destroyed and having been degenerated
Littoral zone carry out ecological recovery, due to the limitation that the mankind are recognized littoral zone ecosystem complexity, at present to littoral zone
The research of ecological recovery is also concentrated mainly on single ecological factor, to the recovery skill of the integrated system of the littoral zone ecosystem
Art is still in the exploratory development stage.
In order to reduce coastal zone resources destroy and avoid it is ecological further deteriorate, using artificial measures to by destroying and
It is one of important channel for improving littoral zone present situation that the littoral zone of degeneration, which carries out ecological recovery,.At present, domestic and international littoral zone ecology
The theoretical foundation of recovery is to recover ecological, i.e., according to ecological principle, passes through the technology of certain biology, ecology and engineering
With method, manually change and cut off the dominant factor or process of ecosystem degradation, adjustment, configuration and optimization internal system and
Its extraneous material, the flow process of energy and information and space-time order, make the structure, function and ecological potentiality of the ecosystem
Certain or original or even higher level is successfully returned to as early as possible.
The biological resuming technology of coastal wetland
Recovered using manual method and rebuild the important measures that wetland is littoral zone ecological recovery.In Texas, USA
(Taxas) Galveston (Galveston Bay) bay, utilizing works spoir fill out the seashore wetland for rising and fading away, work as sea
Bank band is lifted to certain altitude, it is possible to plants some pionners to recover swamp vegetation.It is natural in Louisiana's Sa guest
Protection zone and Texas coastal region, utilize " scalariform wetland " technology (marsh terracing technique), shallow
Sea region builds gentle slope shape wetland, and wetland is planting Spartina alterniflora and other muskegs after building up, building scalariform wetland above
Sea beat can be weakened, promote sedimentation, protection seabeach, while habitat can also be provided for marine organisms.
Domestic littoral zone recovery technology research overview
China is one of littoral zone ecosystem degradation most serious country, and relatively early start littoral zone protection in the world
One of country.It is comprehensive 3 extensive littoral zones, beach and sea island resources have been carried out altogether in the 1950s and the 1990s
Investigation is closed, is laid a good foundation for the protection of subsequent littoral zone and repair.Since the 1990s, Changli Huang has successively been established
The coastal wetland nature reserve areas such as golden seashore, Mangroves of Shankou, Sanya coral reef, NanJi Isalnds, Yancheng, Jiangsu Province red-crowned crane, 20
Implement summer colse season the end of the nineties in century in marine sites such as the South Sea, the East China Sea and the Yellow Sea, the Bohai Sea, carry out Second National ocean
Survey of contamination status of sea products；Formulate and implement the laws and regulations such as law of marine environmental protection, management of the use of sea areas method.Although China is in sea
Huge advance is achieved in terms of the protection work of bank band, but it is seldom in the research of littoral zone ecological reestablishment and application aspect work,
Also it is substantially at the starting stage.
The basic ideas of China's ecological recovery are selected according to zonality rule, ecological succession and ecological niche principle at present
Suitable pionner, population and the ecosystem are constructed, soil, vegetation hierarchical restoration synchronous with biology are carried out, progressively to make life
State system returns to certain functional level.The overall goal of littoral zone ecological recovery is, using appropriate biology, ecology and work
Journey technology, progressively recover the 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of the degeneration littoral zone ecosystem, be finally reached self holding for the littoral zone ecosystem
Continuous state.
Estuary wetland is in rivers and entered at the land and sea junction in sea, is that two kinds of completely different big ecosystems are strong herein
The high species diversity and multi-functional ecological marginal zone that strong effect is formed, and because river, tide etc. act on, area still exists
It is mostly salt-affected soil or is often influenceed by waterlogging accumulated water to sea extension or a kind of special wetland shunk, its soil.Estuarine wetland
Defence and control action are played to natural calamity and pollution.Due to beach open up wasteland cultivation, enclose extra large fill, harbour is built, coastal big
Passage construction and row's flood, and the influence of the human activity such as foreign term and the change of ecological environment, make the ecosystem and
The ecological balance becomes extremely fragile, such as raw purple willow of HUANGHE ESTUARY wetland salt tolerant, Chinese tamarisk xylophyta and white grass, wormwood, green bristlegrass
Warded off after being cut down Deng herbaceous plant as land-reclaimable land used, this not only makes to be available for agricultural soil to reduce year by year, those salt tolerants ruined
Plant also is difficult to be restored in a short time, and salinization of soil getting worse.
Recovered using manual method and rebuild the important measures that wetland is littoral zone ecological recovery.In U.S. Louisiana
Sa guest nature reserve area and Texas coastal region, " scalariform wetland " technology is utilized, it is wet to build gentle slope shape in neritic province domain
Ground, wetland are planting Spartina alterniflora and other muskegs above after building up, and sea beat can be weakened, promote by building scalariform wetland
Make sedimentation, protection seabeach, while habitat can also be provided for marine organisms.The Huang carried out in Dongying, Shandong Province in 2000
River delta wetland ecological restoration engineering, is China's more successful littoral zone ecological recovery project in recent years, and engineering includes drawing
Huanghe water, coastal build embankment and increase wetland fresh water storage are filled, while strengthens the Self-regulation ability of the ecosystem.It is light at present
Meadow bog area is significantly increased, and vegetation growth is vigorous, and many migratory birds are nested spawning herein one after another；University Of Science and Technology Of Tianjin pair in 2005
Tianjin Binhai wetland is repaired using the method manually repaired, and achieves good economy and environmental effect.
Liaoning Shuangtaizihekou wetland is the famous Nature Reserve in China, at the estuary in the Liaohe River, total face
About 22.3 ten thousand hectares of product, it is that the ecosystem preserves one of complete wetland in the world, and East Asia-Australian aquatic bird migrates
Terminal, in international wetland and biodiversity research with possessing critical role in protection.Plant And Animal Resources In Naturalreserve very abundant, has
45 kinds of fish, there are more than 250 kinds of birds to multiply and live herein, wherein a kind of 4 kinds of birds of protection of country, two classes protection birds 27
Kind, the most precious surely belongs to the world's endangered birds such as Saunders's Gull, Platalea minor.It is big also to inhabit be enough to arouse attention one simultaneously
Batch in imminent danger, fragile migrates population.Main plant has the fluffy grass of alkali, reed etc..With expanding economy, seashore wetland ecological protection
The situation is tense：Seashore wetland receives erosion to some extent, destroys the original ecological community's structure of wetland, causes habitat
Destruction and the loss of biodiversity and disruption of ecological balance, seriously constrain the performance of service function of wetland ecosystem.Therefore urgently
The research of biological prosthetic engineering techniques to be strengthened to this typical habitats, double-mesa technology Suaeda heteroptera ecological degradation are tight
Weight, it is badly in need of wanting practicable ecological reestablishment manually to repair the serious light beach area that degenerates at present.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method, applies soil according to 153.5kg/ mus
Earth modifying agent, the soil conditioner are mixed by following raw materials in parts by weight, 7.5 parts of urea, 3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate,
3 parts of humic acid, 80 parts of scallop oyster shell whiting, 60 parts of the reed straw powder handled by bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes to make fermentation；Knot
20-30cm depth is closed to plough improved soil.Wherein, the soil conductivity in salt-soda soil is 10ms/cm, and feature is that Coastal beach is wet
Ground, periodically there is tidewater to flood daily, grogs is fine and close, density 1.7g/cm3, soil particle diameter is that below 0.1mm flour sand accounts for
73%.
Further, in upper water technical scheme, by bacillus subtilis and the reed straw of saccharomycetes to make fermentation processing
Powder processing procedure is that reed straw is crushed to below length 2mm with pulverizer, is irrigated with water, moisture content 55-65%；Bacterium powder
Make, be well mixed using soybean meal powder with bacillus subtilis and yeast bacterium powder；Bacterium powder and the reed straw powder crushed
It is sufficiently mixed uniformly, piles wide 1.5-2m, height 1.2m, the unlimited strip of length, covered with straw mat, aerobic fermentation, ferments 10-
It can complete within 15 days, the mark reed straw powder color of fermenting-ripening is brown or dark brown；
Bacillus subtilis and yeast bacterial content are 1 in bacillus subtilis and yeast bacterium powder:1；
Reed straw, soybean meal powder, bacillus subtilis and yeast bacterium powder weight ratio are 1000：20：4.5-5.5.
Further, in the above-mentioned technical solutions, manual type is broadcast according to the density progress Suaeda heteroptera of every mu of 20kg/ mus
Kind, accomplish that seed is uniformly splashed；Raked the soil level afterwards with the long 5cm of tooth metal rake, Suaeda heteroptera seed is uniformly covered
Soil after upper 3-5cm, periodically pour fresh water for arid region of the relative moisture of the soil less than 50% and keep soil moisture.
The present invention compared with the existing technology, has the following advantages that：
1st, compared with traditional drop beach mode, there is the advantages of recovery project cost is low, it is engineering measure originally to drop beach, is needed
Thousands of members/mu rehabilitation expense is wanted, by the technology of turning over, can effectively reduce recovery project cost.
2nd, the germination percentage of Suaeda heteroptera can be effectively improved, annual domestic enterprise spends about 3,000,000 yuan of purchase Suaeda heteroptera kinds
Son, 60 yuan/kg, the expense for purchase seed of employing new technology can be reduced to 500,000 yuan/year.
3rd, toxic action of the pollutant such as salinity and heavy metal to Suaeda heteroptera in topsoil is reduced.
4th, make full use of the waste resources such as scallop shell and the reed that coastal area is largely discarded to turn waste into wealth, realize salt
The soil improvement on alkali ground.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the stand density figure of different thickness of sowing seedlings；
Fig. 2 be using modifying agent combine plough deeply with it is shallow turn over processing Suaeda heteroptera bud density compared with figure；
Fig. 3 is that different disposal method influences to scheme on soil density；
Fig. 4 for plough deeply with it is shallow turn over processing soil conductivity compared with figure；
Fig. 5 is to plough deeply the figure compared with the shallow influence for turning over processing Tianjin thickness crabhole；
Fig. 6 is the unprocessed soil particle diameter distribution map of experimental plot soil；
Fig. 7 is experimental plot soil grain size distribution after shallow turn over；
Fig. 8 is grain size distribution of the experimental plot after ploughing deeply.
Embodiment
Using applying soil conditioner and coordinating the methods of ploughing improved soil, using Suaeda salsa in Panjin Honghe fault weight
Spend degenerate region and carry out restoration of the ecosystem experimental study.The soil conductivity in salt-soda soil is 10ms/cm, and feature is beach wetland,
Periodically there is tidewater to flood daily, grogs is fine and close, density 1.7g/cm3, soil particle diameter is that below 0.1mm flour sand accounts for 73%.Knot
Fruit shows：Heavy-degraded wetland soil improvement after, Suaeda salsa can successful growth, upper soll layer can be significantly reduced by ploughing deeply
Salt content, while the Suaeda heteroptera germination percentage of different thicknesss of sowing (100kg/ mus and 13.3kg/ mus) is improved 6.8-34 times, say
It is bright by ploughing deeply soil improvement heavy-degraded saline-alkali wetland soil, reach ideal restoration of the ecosystem Expected Results.Suaeda heteroptera
Germination percentage and its growing way can clearly reflect and go wrong, determine the progress of the data such as the temperature, humidity, electrical conductivity in multigroup experimental plot
Compare carrying out stirring the physicochemical property for being later discovered that soil to soil that there occurs significant change, the electrical conductivity of its topsoil
The factor that (EC values), salinity etc. influence Suaeda heteroptera growth all substantially reduces, and ploughs deeply so that topsoil electrical conductivity have dropped
24.86%.Ploughing deeply the quantity of rear Tianjin thickness crabhole reduces 12.5%.
It is divided into 6 fritters, every piece is 3*3=9m2, wherein three pieces of processing 1 are turned over to be shallow, i.e., the metal rake for being 5cm with tooth
Turn over tidal flat is shallow, do not apply fertilizer, thickness of sowing is 100kg/ mus；Processing 2 is that soil is ploughed deeply into 20-30cm with spade, is applied afterwards
According to soil conditioner (urea (7.5kg/ mus), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (3kg/ mus), the humic acid of the mixing of certain formula rate
3kg/ mus, scallop oyster shell whiting 80kg/ mus, the reed straw powder 60kg/ handled by bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes to make fermentation
Mu), fermentation treatments are：Reed straw 1000kg, is crushed to below length 2mm with pulverizer, is irrigated with water, moisture content
55-65%.Bacterium powder makes, and uses 20kg soybean meals powder and 4.5-5.5kg bacillus subtilises and saccharomycete (1:1) powder mixes
Uniformly.Bacterium powder is sufficiently mixed uniformly with the reed straw powder crushed, piles wide 1.5-2m, height 1.2m, the unlimited length of length
Bar, covered with straw mat, aerobic fermentation, fermentation can be completed for 10-15 days, and the mark reed straw powder color of fermenting-ripening is brown
Or dark brown.After being leveled land afterwards with rake, sowing, application rate is the same as processing 1.Monitor soil grades, EC values, density and seedling
Density and height of seedling.Soil grades measure uses particle size analyzer determination；EC is determined using soil conductivity analyzer, and density uses cutting ring
Method determines, and density quadrat method, sample prescription can use 10*10cm and two kinds of 40*40cm according to the difference of density.
Sample collection
After ploughing, monthly soil is acquired, the soil sampling that difference carries out different depth is divided in every piece of experimental plot, point
Wei not 3cm, 6cm, 9cm.Determine the soil moisture, moisture, salinity, EC values etc..
Assay method
Suaeda heteroptera density quadrat method, i.e., using 40*40cm sample prescriptions, the strain number of counting Suaeda heteroptera seedling；The soil moisture, water
Divide, salinity, EC values are determined using soil conductivity analyzer；Soil density is determined using cutting ring sampling method.
Experimental result
Influence of the different restorative procedures to Suaeda heteroptera density
Under the conditions of same thickness of sowing, ploughing deeply treatment group Suaeda heteroptera germination percentage density using soil conditioner combination is
1100 plants/m2, the shallow seedling density turned over only has 162 plants/m2, using soil conditioner and to plough deeply processing be shallow to turn over treatment group germination percentage
6.8 times, illustrate to combine by modifying agent and plough deeply and can effectively improve soil porosity, find to apply soil improvement by measure
It is 1.38g/cm that agent, which combines and ploughs deeply rear soil density,3, it is shallow to turn over density 1.6g/cm3, density in situ is 1.7g/cm3, this research knot
Fruit can provide good technical support for scenic spot large area restoration of the ecosystem.
Modifying agent combination is applied under the conditions of different thicknesss of sowing to plough deeply and do not combine the shallow germination percentage ratio turned over using modifying agent
Compared with.From to soil stir situation it was found from, when ploughing deeply, Suaeda heteroptera density is 1126 plants/m2, shallow when turning over, Suaeda heteroptera density is 165
Strain/m2.From this it can be concluded that the density of Suaeda heteroptera crop is directly affected to the depth that soil stirs, using modifying agent knot
Close the density of Suaeda heteroptera when density when ploughing deeply is more than only shallow turn over.Plough deeply with reference to the rationality that can improve soil texture using modifying agent
Change shape, because ploughing deeply the formation that can promote soil granular structure, soil reclaimed water, fertilizer, air and heat is improved caused,
Promote the root growth of Suaeda heteroptera, make plant growth more healthy and strong, this result of study can be scenic spot large area restoration of the ecosystem
Provide good theoretical foundation.As shown in Figure 1, by being understood to two kinds of thickness of sowing 100kg/ mus, 13.3kg/ mus, sowing
Density is higher, and the seedling density of corresponding soil is higher.Combine to plough deeply by administration modifying agent and turn over two kinds of processing to soil with shallow
Mode understands that the seedling density combined using modifying agent when ploughing deeply is more than the shallow seedling density turned over.With the reduction of thickness of sowing, apply
Modifying agent, which combines, to be ploughed deeply and the shallow ratio more and more higher for turning over corresponding seedling density.Use to apply when in the soil of 100kg/ mus and change
The processing mode that good dose of combination is ploughed deeply, Suaeda heteroptera density are 1126 plants/m2, during the processing mode turned over using shallow, Suaeda heteroptera seedling is close
Spend for 165 plants/m2.The processing mode ploughed deeply when in the soil of 13.3kg/ mus using being combined using modifying agent, Suaeda heteroptera seedling are close
Spend for 653 plants/m2, during the processing mode turned over using shallow, Suaeda heteroptera seedling density is 71 plants/m2.When in the soil of 13.3kg/ mus
The processing mode ploughed deeply is combined using modifying agent, Suaeda heteroptera seedling density is 764 plants/m2, during the processing mode turned over using shallow, wing alkali
Fluffy seedling density is 22 plants/m2.Thus can also draw, under identical thickness of sowing, if stirring situation difference to soil,
The seedling density of Suaeda heteroptera is also different；In the case of identical is stirred, if thickness of sowing is different, then corresponding Suaeda heteroptera seedling is close
Degree is also different；And stepped up in corresponding ratio with the increase of thickness of sowing.
Modifying agent combination is applied as shown in Figure 2 ploughs deeply the density that seedling stand density is much larger than shallow turned seedling.And by artificial
The soil soil density stirred is than relatively low, so as to which the materials necessary to biological growth such as moisture, air, fertilizer are easier to penetrate into soil
Earth, Suaeda heteroptera germination is contributed to grow.Correspondingly, if the soil density of sowing Suaeda heteroptera is excessive, meeting blocks moisture,
Material necessary to the biological growths such as air, fertilizer enters, and is unfavorable for Suaeda heteroptera plant growth.After artificial stir, largely
Weeds, weeds root, ruderal species translate into deep layer, are changed into fertilizer after on the one hand rotting, and improve soil texture, promote plant growth；Separately
On the one hand Weed infestation is greatly reduced, it is ensured that plant growth nutrient supply.Appropriate stirs soil, and topsoil deepens, produces reserve strength
Foot, further promotes the growth of Suaeda heteroptera.So through the shallow soil for turning over or ploughing deeply, plant leaf surface is slightly long, and the plant page is thick,
Leaf color is dense, increases the photosynthesis of plant, and plant grows fine, and improves the resistance of plant, lodging resistance.Seedling density can be bright
It is aobvious to be higher than original position soil, plough deeply region so.
Influence result of study of the different disposal to soil density
Soil density 1.7g/cm without any processing in Fig. 33, it is shallow to turn over soil density 1.6g/cm3, using modifying agent knot
Soil density 1.38g/cm is ploughed deeply in conjunction3, to soil stir situation it was found from, original position soil is without the soil density manually stirred
The soil density significantly greater than stirred, plough deeply soil density from shallow translate into and be gradually reduced, thus table is it is known that to soil
Processing mode directly affects the size of soil density.Soil (grain) density (soil particle density) refers to unit bodies
The oven-dry weight of soil of the product without hole.Unit is g/cm3.Its computational methods are similar to the soil weight, and volume weight of soils is
Refer to the oven-dry weight of soil of the unit volume containing hole.Therefore its numerical value refers to that soil physics is joined always greater than the soil weight
One of number.Mineral composition and organic moiety of its size with soil are relevant.When Iron Oxides In Soilies and high various heavy mineral contents
Density is higher, and the high soil density of the content of organic matter is relatively low.Soil total gap can be calculated with the data of it and the soil weight
Degree.
Influence result of study of the different disposal to soil EC values, salinity, moisture and temperature
Salinity is to influence the important soil physical and chemical index of Suaeda heteroptera growth, and Panjin news was once reported, Panjin Honghe fault wing alkali
For the fluffy Large Scale Death before and after 2000 precisely due to local drought causes Soil salinity to raise, the Suaeda heteroptera of initiation is dead
Die.As shown in Figure 4, find the electrical conductivity in 3cm depths apparently higher than 6cm and 9cm when in-situ soil electric conductivity is determined
The electrical conductivity of depths, total salt amount in soil is to represent the total content of contained salt in soil, due to various in soil extract
Salt exists generally in the form of ion, thus total salt amount can also be expressed as in soil extract the amount of various cations and
The amount sum of various anion.When describing the salt status of soil, conventional index is exactly soil extract electrical conductivity.In recent years
Come, the total salt amount of soil raises year by year, produces the phenomenon of soil acidification and secondary salinization, this is normal mainly due to one side soil
The Heat And Water Balance that year covering or seasonal covering are changed under nature (high temperature, lacks rainwater elution, makes salinity in soil table
Assemble in face)；The reason for another aspect is exactly irrational fertilising.And plough deeply soil after region finds to plough deeply in new experimental plot
Electrical conductivity average value does not stir region significantly lower than shallow turn under region and nature.It is indispensable that agricultural is studied during soil conductivity
Few important parameter, it includes the abundant information of reaction soil quality and physical property, such as：The salinity of soil, moisture, temperature
Degree, the content of organic matter Bu Tong all affect soil conductivity with quality structure.Soil conductivity value is effectively obtained, for determining
The difference of various field parameter spatial and temporal distributions has great significance, so as to also be based on the modern fine of information and knowledge agricultural
Popularization and popularization lay the first stone.
Plough deeply and turned over shallow it was found that its electrical conductivity occurs significant difference on top layer, and 6,9cm depth does not have significance difference then
It is different, illustrate the salinity that topsoil can be effectively reduced by ploughing deeply, better growing conditions is provided for Suaeda heteroptera growth, with reference to
Germination percentage can be effectively improved by loosening the soil.Thus figure is understood, when depth is 3cm, the electrical conductivity of shallow soil when turning over is apparently higher than depth
The electrical conductivity of soil when turning over；Its topsoil electrical conductivity is set to have dropped 26.84% by ploughing deeply, when depth is 6,9cm, soil
Electrical conductivity be not significantly different；In shallow turn over, with the increase of depth, corresponding soil conductivity is reduced therewith.And
When ploughing deeply, with the increase of depth, the change of corresponding soil conductivity and unobvious.It follows that when depth is identical,
To the difference of soil treatment mode, the conductivity values of soil can be directly affected；When the processing mode to soil is identical, depth
Deeper, corresponding soil conductivity is reduced more therewith.This result of study can provide for scenic spot large area restoration of the ecosystem
Good technical support.
Also turn over region significantly lower than shallow by stirring Soil salinity and do not stir region.Research data shows soil salt at present
Degree is one of the principal element for influenceing Suaeda heteroptera growth, since 21st century, with Man ＆ Nature contradiction day increasingly
Play, the great variety that synoptic climate constantly occurs, global warming, accelerates moisture evaporation, so as to the Soil salinity on beach surface
Changed, high Soil salinity underwing seepweed plant can not normal growth, large area will certainly be caused to degenerate, this phenomenon
It is that small collectives are irresistible, so the change of overall situation also needs to make joint efforts, builds harmony between a man and nature
The environment of coexistence.The soil density of Honghe fault beach is inherently excessive, and surface soil salinity can rise after tidewater is backed off,
The soil of lower floor's Low-salinity translates into surface after ploughing deeply processing, reduces the salinity of original position soil, the growth to Suaeda heteroptera is played
Facilitation.
Note：1-2 is shallow to be turned over；3-6 is ploughed deeply
The different disposal of table 1 is to soil physico-chemical index
Influence result of study of the different disposal to Tianjin thickness crabhole cave
Plough deeply under different condition and compare with the shallow Tianjin thickness crabhole turned over as shown in Figure 5.From to soil stir situation it was found from,
When ploughing deeply, Tianjin thickness crabhole number is 28 every square metre, shallow when turning over, and Tianjin thickness crabhole is 33 every square metre, is reduced
12.5%.From this it can be concluded that directly affecting Tianjin thickness crabhole number to the depth that soil stirs, number when ploughing deeply is small
Crabhole number when shallow turn over.This result of study can be that scenic spot large area restoration of the ecosystem also there is provided good technology branch
Hold.
Honghe fault soil types is distributed
The soil of Honghe fault field test Tanaka is extracted, the soil in experimental plot divided according to the particle diameter of soil
Class.
The classification (particle diameter) of the soil of table 2
It will be appreciated from fig. 6 that it is that particle diameter is less than 0.2mm flour sands and the less clay of particle diameter that field test Tian Wei, which is turned over most of,
The specific gravity of soil of 0.08~0.19mm particle diameters is maximum, reaches 45%.Other soil particle diameters are distributed from 0.001~0.07mm
Belong to clay, but content is all few, not more than 5%.
As shown in Figure 7, field test field is shallow turn over processing after, the particle diameter distribution of soil is more dispersed and the overall soil than the left side
Earth particle diameter is small, and exceedes 0.1mm soil without particle diameter, and soil particle diameter is distributed from 0.009-0.034mm, therefore is belonged to
Clay.
As shown in Figure 8, place is ploughed deeply in field test field, and soil is that flour sand and clay mix, and soil particle diameter distribution is more concentrated,
And particle diameter is more than 0.1mm mostly, belongs to flour sand, proportion is larger, reaches 73%, remainder is clay.
Modifying agent is combined and ploughed deeply with not combined the shallow influence turned over to seedling density using modifying agent
It is significantly less than shallow turn over and original position soil, the effect and agro-farming ploughed deeply are digged in summary by the soil density ploughed deeply
Effect is the same, and the soil of consolidation is stirred, and greatly reduces the degree of packing of soil, makes the Suaeda heteropteras such as air, moisture, fertilizer
The nutrient needed can preferably penetrate into, increase Suaeda heteroptera germination percentage, and result of the test shows that modifying agent combines and ploughs deeply processing
In the case that thickness of sowing is 100kg/ mus and 13.3kg/ mus afterwards, its germination percentage is shallow turn over control group 6.8 and 34 times.
Modifying agent is combined and ploughed deeply with not combined the shallow influence turned over to soil physico-chemical index using modifying agent
There occurs significant change, the conductance of its topsoil carrying out stirring the physicochemical property for being later discovered that soil to soil
The factor that rate (EC values), salinity etc. influence Suaeda heteroptera growth all substantially reduces, and ploughs deeply so that topsoil electrical conductivity have dropped
24.86%, these physicochemical properties are excessive to directly affect growing for Suaeda heteroptera, so the soil germination percentage after change also can
Obvious increase.
Modifying agent is combined and ploughed deeply with not combined the shallow influence turned over to Tianjin thickness crabhole using modifying agent
Find that mud wetland has a large amount of Tianjin thickness crabholes on the spot, this biology can also eat Suaeda heteroptera seed, growing way
Fairway crab hole quantity unobvious, the crab hole for light beach area is visible everywhere, the wing alkali planted after ploughing deeply
Fluffy regional Tianjin thickness crabhole quantity significantly lower than it is shallow turn over original position soil area, through statistics, plough deeply the quantity of rear Tianjin thickness crabhole
Reduce 12.5%.Plough deeply area's Suaeda heteroptera growing way and be significantly better than Qian Fan areas and original position soil area, this is also to influence Suaeda heteroptera growth
One of the reason for.
Embodiment 1
In the Guang Tan areas that Panjin Honghe fault Suaeda heteroptera is degenerated, the soil conductivity in salt-soda soil is 10ms/cm, and feature is coastal
Mud wetland, periodically there is tidewater to flood daily, grogs is fine and close, density 1.7g/cm3, soil particle diameter is below 0.1mm flour sand
Account for 73%.3-4 months apply soil conditioner to Guang Tan areas, and soil conditioner is mixed by following raw material, (urea
(7.5kg/ mus), ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (3kg/ mus), humic acid 3kg/ mus, scallop oyster shell whiting 80kg/ mus, by bacillus subtilis
With the reed straw powder 60kg/ mus of saccharomycetes to make fermentation processing), cooperative mechanical or manual type are turned over to soil, depth
20-30cm, it is smooth to soil progress, big soil block is carried out broken smooth.Wherein, reed straw powder fermentation treatments are：
Reed straw 1000kg, is crushed to below length 2mm with pulverizer, is irrigated with water, moisture content 55-65%.Bacterium powder makes, and uses
20kg soybean meals powder and 4.5-5.5kg bacillus subtilises and saccharomycete (1:1) powder is well mixed.Bacterium powder and the reed crushed
Reed powder of straw is sufficiently mixed uniformly, is piled wide 1.5-2m, height 1.2m, the unlimited strip of length, is covered with straw mat, aerobic hair
Ferment, fermentation can be completed for 10-15 days, and the mark reed straw powder color of fermenting-ripening is brown or dark brown.Manual type
Suaeda heteroptera sowing is carried out according to the density of every mu of 20kg/ mus, accomplishes that seed is uniformly splashed；Afterwards with the long 5cm of tooth metal rake
Rake the soil level, Suaeda heteroptera seed is uniformly covered the soil after upper 3-5cm, avoid Suaeda heteroptera seed from being blown away, birds
Ingest and tidewater washes away, periodically sampling observation Suaeda heteroptera upgrowth situation, topsoil electrical conductivity have dropped 12%, soil density
By original 1.7g/cm3It is reduced to 1.38g/cm3, germination percentage improves 25 times, luxuriant growth.It can go out within 5-10 days
Bud, periodically pour fresh water for arid region of the relative moisture of the soil less than 50% and keep soil moisture.
Claims (3)
- A kind of 1. Honghe fault wetland salt-soda soil Suaeda heteroptera ecological restoring method, it is characterised in that：Apply soil according to 153.5kg/ mus Earth modifying agent, the soil conditioner are mixed by following raw materials in parts by weight, 7.5 parts of urea, 3 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 3 parts of humic acid, 80 parts of scallop oyster shell whiting, 60 parts of the reed straw powder handled by bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes to make fermentation；Knot 20-30cm depth is closed to plough improved soil.
- 2. ecological restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：At bacillus subtilis and saccharomycetes to make fermentation The reed straw powder processing procedure of reason is that reed straw is crushed to below length 2mm with pulverizer, is irrigated with water, moisture content 55-65%；Bacterium powder makes, and is well mixed using soybean meal powder with bacillus subtilis and yeast bacterium powder；Bacterium powder is with crushing Reed straw powder be sufficiently mixed uniformly, pile wide 1.5-2m, height 1.2m, the unlimited strip of length, covered with straw mat, it is aerobic Fermentation, fermentation can be completed for 10-15 days, and the mark reed straw powder color of fermenting-ripening is brown or dark brown；Bacillus subtilis and yeast bacterial content are 1 in bacillus subtilis and yeast bacterium powder:1；Reed straw, soybean meal powder, bacillus subtilis and yeast bacterium powder weight ratio are 1000：20：4.5-5.5.
- 3. ecological restoring method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Manual type according to every mu of 20kg/ mus density Suaeda heteroptera sowing is carried out, accomplishes that seed is uniformly splashed；Raked the soil level afterwards with the long 5cm of tooth metal rake, enable Suaeda heteroptera seed By the soil after the upper 3-5cm of uniform covering, periodically pour fresh water for arid region of the relative moisture of the soil less than 50% and protect Hold soil moisture.
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