CN104686003A - Reconstruction method of reclaimed soil profile in coal mining subsidence area - Google Patents
Reconstruction method of reclaimed soil profile in coal mining subsidence area Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a reconstruction method of a reclaimed soil profile in a coal mining subsidence area. The method comprises steps as follows: soil profile levels are divided according to an actual subsidence condition and governance goals of a reclamation area in combination of the difficulty level of actual operation; stacked natural soil is stripped layer by layer according to the divided soil profile levels; layered filling materials are designed according to an engineering to fill the subsided land, and compaction is performed; the filling layer is covered with a pollution blocking layer; soil layers stripped layer by layer are back filled according to the original soil sequence, and the reconstructed soil profile is formed through land leveling. On one hand, the pollution blocking layer is added on the basis of a conventional method, so that toxic and harmful elements carried by the filling materials are blocked; on the other hand, the thickness of a soil covering layer and the matching problem of the character of the soil covering layer and the filling layer are considered respectively according to application of reclamation land and the water content of the soil covering layer, all effective root systems of crops can grow on a soil layer, the water storage requirements are met, and the irrigation procedure is saved while an excellent growth environment is provided for the crops.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Soil Reconstruction technical field, be specifically related to a kind of reconstructing method of subsided land from coal mine Reclamation by filling soil profile.
Background technology
China's coal-mine underground mining is main mining method, accounts for more than 95% of gross yield, but coal mining is the one of the main reasons causing land destruction.According to incompletely statistics, the land area that current national 1500 all kinds of exploited thecoal mines take and damage reaches 2,000,000 hectares, wherein coal mining subsidence area land area has reached 1,000,000 hectares, and it is annual still with the speed increase of 3.3 ten thousand to 4.7 ten thousand hectares, and great majority are high-quality grainfield and concentrate on some importance mining area, thus cause the people in these areas ground contradiction, industrial and mineral contradiction very sharp-pointed.Therefore Reclamation of Coal Mining Subside Place has the meaning of particular importance in China.
The reconstruct of so-called Reclaimed Soil section, adopts technique of reasonably exploiting and reclaim exactly, and close or more rational soil profile improves the level of the productive forces of Reclaimed Land with natural soils construct one.But the key improving the Reclaimed Soil level of the productive forces and realize Reclaimed Land sustainable utilization is that can Reclaimed Soil restructuring procedure create a good environment for plant growth.Past large-scale reclamation method mainly utilizes and digs the shallow method of dark pad and reclaim to reclaim to be used as to build as agricultural and method that is solid waste filling and utilize.But, when carrying out subsided land Reclamation by filling, be seldom concerned about the section reconstruction of Reclaimed Soil, and just simple it is carried out as an engineering, ignore the problems such as the character of subsided land from coal mine Reclamation by filling soil, pollution and quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of reconstructing method of subsided land from coal mine Reclamation by filling soil profile, the method is intended to improve the Reclaimed Soil level of the productive forces, realize Reclaimed Land sustainable utilization.
For achieving the above object, a kind of reconstructing method of subsided land from coal mine Reclamation by filling soil profile, comprises the following steps:
(1) divide nature soil layer sequence: according to actual situation and the management goal of subsiding in Subsided Reclamation Region, in conjunction with the complexity of practical operation, divide soil profile layer;
(2) delamination stacks natural soils: according to the soil profile layer divided, first peel off the upper layer of soil of subsidence area as farming topsoil, heap is stored on exploitation passage, topsoil as new soil is used for backfilling Reclaimed Land by this upper layer of soil, then peels off all the other soil layers and separately stores up;
(3) charges filling subsided land: according to engineering design slicing and filling attal, and carry out compacting according to design;
(4) pollution barrier layer is covered above filling bed;
(5) by original soil sequence of layer backfill nature soil layer: the soil layer of delamination presses the backfill of original soil layer order, realize covering overburden layer above pollution barrier layer and keep soil layer order constant.
Preferably, the attal in described step (3) is one or more in gangue, flyash, utility buildings rubbish, biomaterial, and described biomaterial is biological ash content.
Preferably, the pollution barrier layer in described step (4) is the one in chemical material, physical material and degradable biological material.
Preferably, the thickness of the pollution barrier layer in described step (4) is 8 ~ 15cm.
Preferably, the overburden layer thickness in described step (5) is 50 ~ 60cm.
Preferably, the overburden layer in described step (5) is clay or sandy loam.
Preferably, when the attal in described step (3) is gangue, the overburden layer described in step (5) is clay.
Preferably, when the attal in described step (3) is flyash, the overburden layer described in step (5) is sandy loam.
Compared with prior art, advantage of the present invention is:
(1) the present invention adds " cover above filling bed and pollute barrier layer " this step on the basis of conventional method, this pollution barrier layer can intercept the various poisonous and harmful elements that fill material carries, what relate generally in the present invention is biological degradation barrier layer, this barrier layer generally can be degradable within the time of 6 ~ 24 months, both ensure that the obstruct of Soil Reconstruction initial stage to poisonous and harmful element, organic matter can be increased after degradation again, keep moisture;
(2) the present invention considers the thickness problem of overburden layer according to the purposes of Reclaimed Land, if agricultural arable land, then consider that the Root Distribution situation of often kind of crop optionally fills overburden layer, thus ensure that effective root system of crop all grows at soil layer, for a good environment is created in plant growth;
(3) in the present invention, the quality of overburden layer matches with filling bed, thus meets the retaining requirement of crop, save irrigate operation, for crop good growing environment is provided while use manpower and material resources sparingly.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is method flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is Reclamation by filling soil profile, wherein: a, gangue Reclamation by filling soil, and b, flyash Reclamation by filling soil.
Fig. 3 adds subsided land from coal mine Reclamation by filling soil profile schematic diagram after barrier layer.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment and accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described.
The present embodiment is for Kuang Nan mining collapse area, Outflow-Rate-Nearby-Inclined city, Liu Xin town, Xuzhou City of Jiangsu Province, and this water in subsidence area reaches 4 ~ 6m deeply, has a subsidence area in this plash east side, and is used as the grey field of storage by Outflow-Rate-Nearby-Inclined city power plant.As shown in Figure 1, according to actual situation and the management goal of subsiding in test region, the method for design Reclamation by filling Soil Profile Reconstruction, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) nature soil layer sequence is divided: the soil after the Reclamation of Coal Mining Subside Place of Liu Xin town is preferentially for agricultural planting, therefore, when dividing nature soil layer sequence according to the basic condition of farmland soil profile, three levels should be divided into, but consider the difficulty of practical operation, be divided into two soil profile layers, i.e. the agric of more than 30cm and the subsoil of below 30cm.
(2) delamination stacks natural soils: according to the soil profile layer divided, peel off the farming topsoil of subsidence area more than 30cm, heap is stored on exploitation passage, and the topsoil as new soil is used for backfilling Reclaimed Land by this soil layer, then peels off below 30cm soil layer and separately stores up.
(3) to reclaim demonstration centre engineering design requirements and this test site actual conditions according to Liu Xin town, Xuzhou State owned land, implemented desilting and the rebasing process of clay to bottom Collapse Pit by the bed mud that paper mill is polluted before backfilling, recycling slush pump suction flyash backfills the plash that subsides.Flyash filling is generally, by pipeline, buck is directly rendered to subsided land, and moisture gets rid of rear earthing naturally; Because the water binding capacity of flyash is relatively better, the tiny and light weight of particle, the general slush pump earthing that adopts, flyash is without compacting, and the meniscus completely by Infiltration is tension-stretched, and the degree of packing is very little.But owing to being all simple grain, flyash can not subside as soil under the effect of moisture, therefore, does not take compacting measure in this embodiment.If but when gangue filling, because spoil can be constantly broken under the effect of moisture, temperature etc., subside if do not have certain compactness to be formed.Find according to research, during waste filling, will consider that the absolute altitude after the compactness guarantee filling depression of about 1.6 times reaches design standard.
(4) pollution barrier layer as shown in Figure 3, is increased.Subsided land from coal mine is owing to being located in coal field, often may be subjected to the pollution brought in mining process, and due to fill material wide material sources, inevitably carry various poisonous and harmful element, this just makes will pay attention to when building soil profile polluting the problem intercepted.Between filling bed and overburden layer, increase pollution barrier layer can reach useful effect.Pollution barrier layer can be chemical material, physical material also can be biomaterial; What select in the present embodiment is degradable biological material, i.e. biological degradation barrier layer (biodegradable blocked layer), this barrier layer is worked out by the rope made of hemp of dehydrated plant fiber some strength that can be degradable, wheat straw, stalk, reed etc. can be selected, this biological degradation barrier layer generally can be degradable within the time of 6-24 month, both ensure that the obstruct of Soil Reconstruction initial stage to poisonous and harmful element, organic matter can have been increased after degradation again, keep moisture; Select in the present embodiment dehydration stalk be raw material, with the rope made of hemp of some strength work out thickness be 10cm degradable pollute barrier layer, cover above flyash filling bed.
(5) backfill successively by the soil layer of original soil sequence by delamination, namely pollute above barrier layer at degradable and backfill former below 30cm subsoil, above subsoil, backfill the agric of former more than 30cm, thus realize covering overburden layer above pollution barrier layer and keep soil layer order constant.
But in order to avoid the harmful element in charges accumulates in crop, it is necessary that the overburden layer building adequate thickness ensures that effective root system of crop all grows in soil layer.The a large amount of Root Distribution of common winter wheat is at the upper soll layer of 0 ~ 20cm, and be secondly obviously reduce in 20 ~ 40cm and 40cm following layer root density, root system is "T"-shaped distribution; Rice root is more shallow, often concentrates the root system of 80% in 20cm plow layer; Maize Roots is fast, and distribution is wide, although side root and root hair distribute the most deeply can reach below ground 2m, the root system of 80% all concentrates in the soil layer of 40 ~ 50cm.In addition, the crop root degree of depth such as soybean, millet, sweet potato is 15 ~ 30cm.Basically, soil layer is more thick better, but this needs Tu Yuan and cost.So, in the common crop-planting situation in locality, reclaim as the overburden layer thickness in agricultural land is that 50 ~ 60cm is proper.In the present embodiment, the thickness of overburden layer is 60cm.
In addition, the quality of overburden layer matches with filling bed as far as possible.Although the water content of overburden layer affects not quite by filling bed, generally, overburden layer water content is not sufficient to the retaining requirement meeting crop, needs to irrigate.When gangue filling, the seepage time at initial stage is long, and overburden layer coordinates clay-phase to better; When flyash filling, flyash moisture holding capacity is strong, upwards can carry moisture, so preferentially coordinate sandy loam when upper layer of soil is more dry.
After reclaiming, soil is not limited only to plant cereal crops.In the past, in order to Guarantee Grain Production demand and plantation total, soil after reclaiming is preferentially for Farming, but because poisonous and harmful element in soil after reclaiming is really higher than normal soil, along with people are to the worry of grain security, soil after reclaiming, in the scope of more options, can be considered to plant the economic crops for non-agricultural production.
Calculate the soil property after Reclamation by filling and evaluate, concrete outcome is as follows:
(1) flyash Reclamation by filling place soil physico-chemical property
The physico chemical property of soil are the important envirment factors affecting arable soil biological property, are also one of ecological factors affecting crop growth simultaneously.Mining collapse area Reclaimed Soil physico chemical property consist predominantly of the indexs such as soil moisture content, the degree of packing, unit weight, PH, electrical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, rapid available phosphorus and available potassium.In general, Reclaimed Soil physical and chemical index numerical values recited is by the impact of the factors such as Secondary Reclamation Time length, annual precipitation, subterranean water level height, soil building mode and tillage method.Adopt the inventive method to choose three different sampled points in study area, then calculate mean value and the standard deviation of each soil layer by three samples measurements, the flyash Reclamation by filling place soil physico-chemical property obtained is as shown in table 1.As can be seen from the table, reclamation field soil physico-chemical property can reach the physico-chemical property index of normal soil planting crop, reaches good soil quality, can provide good growing environment for crop.
Table 1 flyash Reclamation by filling place soil physico-chemical property
(2) flyash Reclamation by filling place heavy metal content in soil
Flyash coarse granule content is high, and adsorptivity clay content is few.As a kind of alkaline conditioner of soil, after it adds soil, will the pH value of soil be improved, suppress the activity of heavy metal, reduce the biological effectiveness of heavy metal.Take flyash as attal, carry out subsided land from coal mine Soil Profile Reconstruction, its content of beary metal is as shown in table 2 with the change of the degree of depth.As can be seen from the table, below filling boundary layer, Hg, Cu have the trend obviously increased, and As has the trend obviously reduced, and except Cd, all elements does not all exceed evaluation criteria of soil environment quality.
Table 2 flyash reclamation field heavy metal content in soil is with the change unit of the degree of depth: mg/kg
(3) long-term cropping content of beary metal on flyash Reclamation by filling place
As shown in table 3, the red bean harmful heavy metal that flyash Reclamation by filling place is planted is slightly higher than normal value, but all meets grain security standard; The paddy rice of the Reclamation by filling soil production of earthing 50 ~ 60cm is not subject to the impact of charges, and rice root is more shallow, and within the overwhelming majority concentrates on 20cm, in an embodiment, overburden layer is thicker, and the growth of paddy rice is by the pollution of charges; In the wheat root of plantation, contents of heavy metal elements is higher, but still meets grain security standard.
Long-term cropping content of beary metal unit: mg/kg on table 3 flyash Reclamation by filling place
| Crop species | Cu | Pb | Cr | Cd | Zn |
| Soybean | 1.8 | 1.6 | 1.4 | 1 | 0.5 |
| Paddy rice | 5.2 | 0.42 | 0.08 | 0.71 | 13.6 |
| Wheat | 1.08 | 1.09 | 1.53 | 0.96 | 20.79 |
(4) flyash Reclamation by filling field soil microbe quantity distribution characteristics
In survey region, gather the sample of 45 different soil of 15 soil profiles by five-spot, divide level, till filling bed according to fixed thickness 20cm.In addition, 5 soil profiles, 15 the different soil samples choosing the farmland that periphery, subsidence area does not subside after the same method contrast.Mixed by the soil of same sample plot, same level, on the rocks fresh-keeping with vacuum flask, take back indoor, preserve under 4 DEG C of conditions, carry out every mensuration, result is as shown in table 4, table 5.As can be seen from the table, although also there is a certain distance in reconstruct soil micro organism quantity compared with normally ploughing, but Reclaimed Soil microbe quantity figureofmerit with normally plough close, to illustrate in this embodiment that edaphophyte Root Distribution is intensive, root exudates and organic matter accumulation is many, aqueous vapor condition is relatively good, the activity that can be microorganism provides enriches growth conditions.
Table 4 Different Soil degree of depth microorganism total amount (105/g)
| Soil layer | 0～20 | 20～40 | 40～60 | Microorganism total amount |
| Normal arable land | 446.245 | 226.64 | 54..28 | 727.17 |
| Reconstruct soil | 131.98 | 66.87 | 29.48 | 228.34 |
The quantity (individual/g dry ground) of each microbe groups of the table 5 different soils degree of depth
To sum up, the present embodiment demonstrates the Reclamation of Coal Mining Subside Place soil profile that the inventive method is reconstructed can reach good soil quality, can provide good environment for plant growth.
Claims (9)
1. a reconstructing method for subsided land from coal mine Reclamation by filling soil profile, is characterized in that, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) divide nature soil layer sequence: according to actual situation and the management goal of subsiding in Subsided Reclamation Region, in conjunction with the complexity of practical operation, divide soil profile layer;
(2) delamination stacks natural soils: according to the soil profile layer divided, first peel off the upper layer of soil of subsidence area as farming topsoil, heap is stored on exploitation passage, and the topsoil as new soil is used for backfilling Reclaimed Land by this upper layer of soil, then peels off all the other soil layers and separately stores up;
(3) charges filling subsided land: according to engineering design slicing and filling attal, and carry out compacting according to design;
(4) pollution barrier layer is covered above filling bed;
(5) by original soil sequence of layer backfill nature soil layer: the soil layer of delamination presses the backfill of original soil layer order, realize covering overburden layer above pollution barrier layer and keep soil layer order constant.
2. reconstructing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the attal in described step (3) is one or more in gangue, flyash, utility buildings rubbish, biomaterial.
3. reconstructing method according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described biomaterial is biological ash content.
4. the reconstructing method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, the pollution barrier layer in described step (4) is the one in chemical material, physical material and degradable biological material.
5. the reconstructing method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, the thickness of the pollution barrier layer in described step (4) is 8 ~ 15cm.
6. the reconstructing method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, the overburden layer thickness in described step (5) is 50 ~ 60cm.
7. the reconstructing method according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, is characterized in that, the overburden layer in described step (5) is clay or sandy loam.
8. reconstructing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the attal in described step (3) is gangue, and the overburden layer described in step (5) is clay.
9. reconstructing method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, the attal in described step (3) is flyash, and the overburden layer described in step (5) is sandy loam.
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| CN105165164A (en) * | 2015-10-14 | 2015-12-23 | 安徽理工大学 | Coal mining subsidence area filling reclamation method based on coal gangue |
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| CN111778955A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2020-10-16 | 金萍 | Method for treating coal gangue dump |
| CN112816655A (en) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-05-18 | 山西大学 | Soil profile reconstruction method for ecological restoration |
| CN113575008A (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-02 | 国能宝日希勒能源有限公司 | Mining area site soil reconstruction method |
| CN113575008B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2022-08-12 | 国能宝日希勒能源有限公司 | Mining area site soil reconstruction method |
| CN113692799A (en) * | 2021-10-11 | 2021-11-26 | 中国矿业大学 | Earthing method for accelerating soil quality improvement of arid and semi-arid land remolded area |
| CN113816458A (en) * | 2021-10-20 | 2021-12-21 | 中地宝联(北京)国土资源勘查技术开发集团有限公司 | Technical treatment method for preventing and treating heavy metal pollution of underground water caused by underground backfilling of mine |
| CN113841478A (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2021-12-28 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for coal mining subsidence area soil reconstruction by using coal-based solid waste |
| CN113841478B (en) * | 2021-11-03 | 2023-09-08 | 安徽理工大学 | Method for reconstructing soil in coal mining subsidence area by using coal-based solid waste |
| CN114969910A (en) * | 2022-05-17 | 2022-08-30 | 国家能源集团国源电力有限公司 | Waste rock filling reclamation method |
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Application publication date: 20150610 |