CN102640657A - Integral fertilization method for corn and soybean relay intercropping - Google Patents
Integral fertilization method for corn and soybean relay intercropping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop culture and discloses an integral fertilization method for corn and soybean relay intercropping. The integral fertilization method for corn and soybean relay intercropping provided by the invention comprises the following steps that: corns and soybeans adopt wide and narrow line planting, the corns are seeded from the late March to the early April in each year, and the soybeans are seeded in the early and mid June in each year; and the primary fertilization is carried out during the corn seeding, and then, the secondary fertilization is carried out in a position in the wide line of the corn with a distance being 15 to 30cm from the corn line in a corn large-horn period or in 7 to 10 days before the tasseling. The fertilization distance and the multi-nutrient matching are scientifically controlled, the three links: the corn additional fertilization, the soybean base fertilization and the soybean seeding are organically unified, the time space complementation utilization of the corns and the soybeans on the fertilizers is realized, the goal of fertilizing one season of corn fertilizers and utilizing the fertilizers by the corn and the soybean in two seasons is reached, the production cost is reduced, the yield of the corns and the soybeans and the utilization of the fertilizers are improved, and the income of farmers is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture technical field, be specifically related to the integrated fertilizing method of a kind of corn interplanting soybean.
Background technology
The intercropping and interplanting pattern is to utilize the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of different plant species at aspects such as spatial distribution and nutrient demands, makes Intercropping Systems the various growth factors of more efficient use (light, moisture, various nutrients etc.) obtain yield heterosis.Intercropping and interplanting has important function to promoting agricultural sustainable development, and especially when grass family and pulse family intercropping and interplanting, the intercropping and interplanting advantage of gramineous crop is fairly obvious, and output and Nitrogen Absorption amount are often than it in the raising of nonoculture condition a lot.In Intercropping Systems, it is the main promotion mechanism of nitrogen nutrition that nitrogen shifts, and forefathers discover that there is the two-way transfer of nitrogen in " wheat/soybean " interplanting system, through the nitrogen transferance between crop, has promoted the nitrogen of system efficiently to utilize.
In recent years, the banded cover of corn-soybean operation mode is increasingly mature, development rapidly, crucial effect has been played in southwest and even southern dry land agricultural produce, increasing peasant income.Along with the expansion of corn-soybean cover operation mode popularizing area, traditional production technique its development of incompatibility becomes and hinders the bottleneck that output improves and benefit increases; Especially the banded cover of corn-soybean operation mode is through the introducing of soybean; Changed the crop structure of traditional corn-sweet potato cover operation mode, caused systemic-function to change thereupon, shown that soybean passes through the nodule nitrogen fixation effect; Not only improve soil environment, also changed the nitrogen cycle of system.And crop fertilization is main with traditional single cropping crop independence fertilizer practice still in producing, and total fertilization amount is big, easy to run off, and utilization rate of fertilizer is low, loss is big.
In addition; The peasant is in order to improve crop yield; Regardless of expense adds the large chemical fertilizer input, and fertilizer application and other correlation technique research lag behind, and chemical fertilizer application is unreasonable; Cause chemical fertilizer utilization ratio obviously to descend, cause a series of problems such as the wasting of resources, agriculture production cost increase, environment and pollution of agricultural products.Cause that like increase the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area problem that body eutrophication aggravation etc. brings because of fertilising is serious day by day because of N, P leaching loss amount.
At present; Lot of domestic and foreign researcher has carried out big quantity research around efficient utilization of the nitrogen of intercropping and interplanting; But these researchs are mostly to be to consider from corn, soybean single cropping crop, does not efficiently utilize angle to consider its fertilizer practice as a whole from the nitrogenous fertilizer of the banded composite plant system of corn-soybean as yet.Therefore, need a cover can improve the fertilizer utilization efficiency of the banded interplanting compound system of corn-soybean, realize that the raising the output joint is fertile, can realize the integrated fertilizing method of the corn interplanting soybean of low-carbon environment-friendly again.
Summary of the invention
In view of this; The objective of the invention is to problems such as utilization rate of fertilizer are low in current China southwest and the southern area corn-soybean interplanting production process, loss is big; The integrated fertilizing method of a kind of corn interplanting soybean is provided; To improve corn, soybean per unit area yield and utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce production costs, increase grain yield and farmers' income.
For realizing the object of the invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The integrated fertilizing method of a kind of corn interplanting soybean is that corn, soybean are adopted wide-narrow row planting, and corn was sowed in annual late March to early April, and soybean is in annual early and middle ten days sowing in June; When corn seeding, execute disposable fertilizer, then in the corn typhon mouth phase or take out and in the loose row of corn, executed secondary fertilizer in 7-10 days before male apart from the capable 15-30 centimeters of corn.
Corn is a gramineous crop, and root system is many, and area extending transversely is big, is main to utilize the thin solum nutrient, and more to the requirement of nitrogen consumption, with NO
3-N is main; Soybean is a system of taproot crop, is tied in deep subsoil under the root system, can utilize the nutrient of deep soil better, and soybean is satisfied self nitrogen needs through nodule nitrogen fixation.The present invention has changed the independent fertilizing method of traditional corn, soybean nonoculture; Ecological niche complementarity principle according to agroecology; Utilize two kinds of crops of corn and soybean at the difference-complementary of inhaling fertile modal spatial niche and Time Niche; Corn, soybean are adopted wide-narrow row planting, and nutrient is complementary to be utilized, and reaches the purpose that the different soil nutrient made full use of and practiced thrift nitrogenous fertilizer.The present invention was simultaneously executing secondary fertilizer apart from the capable 15-30 centimeters of corn in 7-10 days in the corn typhon mouth phase or before taking out hero; Said secondary fertilizer is with the combination of topdressing of soybean phosphorus potassium base fertilizer and corn; Realize nutrient balance, reach execute one season fertilizer, the purpose that corn, two seasons of soybean are utilized.Utilize simultaneously root to fertilizer property, through increasing the vigor that the fertilising distance strengthens corn and soybean root system, both ensured the abundant absorption of corn to nitrogen, slow down the inhibition of nitrogenous fertilizer again to the soybean nitrogen fixation, the realization soybean is to dual effective utilization of nitrogenous fertilizer and fixed nitrogen.
Preferably, wide-narrow row planting is 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn in the integrated fertilizing method according to the invention, and 40 centimetres of narrow rows are planted 2 row soybean, 40 centimetres of line-spacings, 60 centimetres of soybean and corn line spaces in the loose row of corn.
The corn base fertilizer that integrated fertilizing method according to the invention, said disposable fertilizer are used during for corn seeding is pressed the consumption and the fertilization mode of ordinary maize base fertilizer and is carried out, and preferred, said disposable fertilizer consumption is every mu of purity nitrogen 5-7 kilogram, P
2O
56-8 kilogram, K
2O 6-8 kilogram is spreaded manuer in holes or the fertilising of middle ditch.
Guarantee that for better corn and soybean utilize the space-time of fertilizer is complementary, integrated fertilizing method of the present invention, the consumption that said secondary is fertile is every mu of purity nitrogen 7-9 kilogram, P
2O
53-5 kilogram, K
2O 3-5 kilogram.For cooperative mechanical sowing and fertilising, those skilled in the art can select for use nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium content granular compound fertilizer that proportioning is suitable therewith as the fertile used fertilizer of secondary of the present invention, like chloro-ammoniation-granulation composite fertilizer, potassium sulphate-ammoniation-granulation composite fertilizer.
The selection of fertilization depth effectively utilizes fertilizer to have important effect to soybean.So integrated fertilizing method according to the invention, the fertilization depth that said secondary is fertile is 10-20 centimetre.
Further; The present invention adopts 2BTF-2 type corn, soybean fertilization sower to carry out mechanical planting and fertilising; Thereby the corn typhon mouth phase is topdressed and three link organic unities of soybean planting and fertilising; Both reduce labor, enhanced productivity, reached all effects of even equilibrium of fertilising again.Before the fertilising, those skilled in the art can be from the fertilizer outlet of main regulation 2BTF-2 type corn, soybean fertilization sower size, and satisfying the total consumption requirement of fertilizer, and bonding cave fertilizer amount is balanced.
Preferably, integrated fertilizing method according to the invention, corn planting belt and soybean planting band adopt microcell crop rotation between year border, and the corn belt exchanged with the soybean band in promptly 1 year, realized microcell crop rotation between year border, alleviated continuous cropping and endangered.
Can find out from above-mentioned technical scheme, the integrated fertilizing method of a kind of corn interplanting soybean provided by the invention, corn, soybean are adopted wide-narrow row planting, and corn was sowed in annual late March to early April, and soybean is in early and middle ten days kind in June in every year; When corn seeding, execute disposable fertilizer, then in the corn typhon mouth phase or take out and in the loose row of corn, executed secondary fertilizer in 7-10 days before male apart from the capable 15-30 centimeters of corn.The present invention is through the control fertilising distance and the collocation of many nutrients of science; With corn topdress, soybean is unified with fertilizer and soybean planting three links, realized that corn, soybean utilize the space-time of fertilizer is complementary, reach execute one season corn fertilizer; The purpose that corn, two seasons of soybean are utilized; Reduce production cost and labor, improved corn, soybean yields and utilization rate of fertilizer, increased farmers' income.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the fertilising site figure of the banded interplanting of corn-soybean.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention discloses the integrated fertilizing method of a kind of corn interplanting soybean.Those skilled in the art can use for reference this paper content, suitably improve technological parameter and realize.Special needs to be pointed out is that all similarly replace and change apparent to those skilled in the art, they all are regarded as and are included in the present invention.Method of the present invention is described through preferred embodiment, and the related personnel obviously can change or suitably change and combination method as herein described in not breaking away from content of the present invention, spirit and scope, realizes and use technology of the present invention.
In order further to understand the present invention, method provided by the invention is elaborated below in conjunction with embodiment.Wherein, the same corn of disease pest and weed of corn, soybean and water management, the conventional production of soybean.Embodiment 1: the Different Fertilization distance is to the influence of corn and soybean yields
Present embodiment carries out in Xinhua village, canal standing grain township, Shehong County, Chinese Sichuan Province.In the corn typhon mouth phase,, studied Different Fertilization in the ranks apart from influence to corn and soybean yields through adjustment corn and the soybean site (0,15,30,45cm) of applying fertilizer.
The plantation specification of corn and soybean is a wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; When broadcasting soybean, plant 2 row soybean in the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line spaces.Corn variety is elder generation's jade 508, and the cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in the cave, and density is 3500 strain/mus, sowing on April 12; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and the cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in the cave, and density is 7000 strain/mus, sowing on June 15.Disposable fertilizer is that corn base fertilizer is used by conventional amount used, executes 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2O
57.5 kilogram, K
27.5 kilograms of O, the corn typhon mouth phase topdresses and the soybean fertilizer application amount imposes amount of nitrogenous fertilizer and the execution of soybean phosphorus potash fertilizer consumption by ordinary maize, promptly executes 8 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2O
54 kilograms, K
2The O4 kilogram.Statistics corn and soybean yields, the result sees table 1.
Table 1 Different Fertilization distance is to the influence (kilogram/mu) of corn and soybean yields
| The distance with corn is put in fertilising | Corn yield | Soybean yields | Gross yield |
| 0cm | 497.91 | 111.28 | 609.19 |
| 15cm | 482.11 | 142.36 | 624.47 |
| 30cm | 504.62 | 144.26 | 648.88 |
| 45cm | 478.01 | 122.20 | 600.21 |
Visible by table 1 result, the fertilising distance all has appreciable impact to corn and soybean yields.Along with the increase of the fertilising distance of corn, corn yield is to reduce earlier and afterwards increases the trend of reduction again, with the highest apart from corn 30 centimeters output, than conventional fertilizer application mode (corn spread manuer in holes, apart from 0 centimetre of fertilising of corn) corn yield increasing 1.3%.Soybean with the increase of the fertilising distance of corn; Output is increases the trend that reduces again earlier; Fertilising all is unfavorable for the raising of soybean yields away from soybean with near soybean, with the highest apart from corn 30 centimeters fertilising soybean yields, than ordinary maize fertilization mode (corn spread manuer in holes, apart from 0 centimetre of fertilising of corn) down soybean yields improve 29.6%; Secondly be higher, with little apart from the soybean yields difference of corn 30 centimeters apart from corn 15 centimeters fertilising soybean yields.From corn, two season of soybean gross output, still with the highest apart from corn 30 centimeters fertilising output, than under the ordinary maize fertilization mode two season overall crop yield improve 6.5%, be to apply fertilizer secondly apart from corn 15 centimeters.The line space that the result is illustrated in corn and soybean has both been practiced thrift fertilizer, labour from executing dual-purpose purpose for the phosphorus potash fertilizer that imposes corn nitrogenous fertilizer and soybean between 15cm-30cm can reach, and has improved corn, soybean yields again.
Embodiment 2: different nitrogen contents are to the influence of corn and soybean yields
Present embodiment carries out in Xinhua village, canal standing grain township, Shehong County, Chinese Sichuan Province.In the corn typhon mouth phase, adopt corn-integrated fertilization mode of soybean interplanting (fertilising in the loose row of corn) apart from corn 30cm place, studied of the influence of different nitrogen fertilizer amounts to corn and soybean yields.
The plantation specification of corn and soybean is a wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; When broadcasting soybean, plant 2 row soybean in the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line-spacings.Corn variety is elder generation's jade 508, and the cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in the cave, and density is 3500 strain/mus, sowing on April 8; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and the cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in the cave, and density is 7000 strain/mus, sowing on June 13.Disposable fertilizer be corn base fertilizer by the conventional amount used amount of executing, execute 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2O
57.5 kilogram, K
2The O7.5 kilogram.Statistics corn and soybean yields, the result sees table 2.
The different corns of table 2 chase after the influence (kilogram/mu) of nitrogen to corn and soybean yields
| Corn typhon mouth phase secondary fertile (kilogram/mu) | Corn yield | Soybean yields | Gross yield |
| 0 | 471.38 | 120.05 | 591.43 |
| 6N+4P 2O 5+4K 2O | 637.7 | 134.17 | 771.87 |
| 9N+4P 2O 5+4K 2O | 610.03 | 101.21 | 711.24 |
| 12N+4P 2O 5+4K 2O | 597.36 | 103.87 | 701.23 |
Visible by table 2 result; The fertilizing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer is all influential to corn and soybean yields under corn, the integrated fertilization mode of soybean; Relatively the corn routine is executed nitrogen and is handled every mu and execute 9 kilograms of purity nitrogens, reduces amount of nitrogen and is every mu and execute purity nitrogen and can improve corn, soybean yields and gross yield for 6 kilograms.Corn, soybean yields and gross yield respectively more not fertilizer treatment high by 35.3%, 11.8% and 30.5%, more every mu execute 9 kilograms of purity nitrogens handle high by 4.5% respectively, 32.5% and 8.5%, more every mu execute 12 kilograms of processing of purity nitrogen high by 6.7%, 29.2% and 10.1%.The result shows the too high or too low raising that all is unfavorable for soybean yields of amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.6 kilograms+P of every mu of corn nitrogen topdressing
2O
54 kilograms+K
24 kilograms of O had both improved corn, soybean yields, had practiced thrift nitrogenous fertilizer and labour again.
Embodiment 3: the Different Fertilization mode is to the influence of corn and soybean yields
Renshou County Zhu Jia steps in the township Shui Cun and carries out present embodiment in Chinese Sichuan Province.The research corn, the soybean tradition is spreaded manuer in holes and integrated fertilising to the influence of corn, soybean yields.
The corn traditional fertilization is treated to spreads manuer in holes, and consumption is that every mu in base fertilizer is executed 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2O
57.5 kilogram, K
27.5 kilograms of O, every mu of corn typhon mouth phase imposes 8 kilograms of purity nitrogens; Soybean base fertilizer is executed 2 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2O
54 kilograms, K
24 kilograms of O, initial bloom stage imposes 2 kilograms of purity nitrogens for every mu.The integrated fertilizer treatment of corn-soybean is that disposable fertilizer is spreaded manuer in holes, and consumption is every mu and executes 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2O
57.5 kilogram, K
27.5 kilograms of O, the corn typhon mouth phase apart from the capable 30 centimetres of secondary fertilizer of corn, is promptly executed 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu in the loose row of corn
2O
54 kilograms, K
24 kilograms of O.The plantation specification of corn and soybean is a wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; When broadcasting soybean, plant 2 row soybean in the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line spaces.Corn variety is elder generation's jade 508, and the cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in the cave, and density is 3500 strain/mus, sowing on April 12; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and the cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in the cave, and density is 7000 strain/mus, sowing on June 18.Statistics corn and soybean yields, the result sees table 3.
Table 3 Different Fertilization mode is to the influence (kilogram/mu) of corn and soybean yields
| Fertilization mode | Corn yield | Soybean yields | Gross yield |
| Tradition is spreaded manuer in holes | 592.25 | 144.25 | 736.5 |
| Integrated fertilising | 638.03 | 148.3 | 786.33 |
Visible by table 3 result, tradition processings of spreading manuer in holes relatively, corn under the integrated fertilizer treatment, soybean yields and two season gross yield all be improved, improve 7.7%, 2.8% and 6.8% respectively, and every mu practice thrift 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, soybean fertilization recruitment 1-2 is individual.
Embodiment 4: different sowings and fertilization mode are to the influence of output and the benefit of corn, soybean
Renshou County Zhu Jia steps in the township Shui Cun and carries out present embodiment in Chinese Sichuan Province.Adopt improved 2BTF-2 type corn, the soybean planting fertilizer distributor to carry out corn, soybean fertilization and sowing, studied the integrated machine sowing machine of corn-soybean and granted output and the benefit of corn, soybean under traditional by artificial seeding and the fertilization mode and change.
The corn traditional fertilization is treated to the end and topdresses and spread manuer in holes, and consumption is that every mu in base fertilizer is executed 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2O
57.5 kilogram, K
27.5 kilograms of O, every mu of typhon mouth phase imposes 8 kilograms of purity nitrogens; Soybean base fertilizer is executed 2 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2O
54 kilograms, K
24 kilograms of O, initial bloom stage imposes 2 kilograms of purity nitrogens for every mu.The integrated fertilizer treatment of corn-soybean is the ditch spread of disposable fertilizer machinery; Consumption is 37.5 kilograms of 48% (16-16-16) chloros-ammoniation-granulation composite fertilizer, and the corn typhon mouth phase is executed secondary fertilizer apart from capable 30 centimeters of corn in the loose row of corn, and fertilising combines sower to use simultaneously; Every mu is used content is 37.5 kilograms of 48% (16-16-16) chloros-ammoniation-granulation composite fertilizer; Before the sowing,, satisfy the total consumption of fertilizer through regulating the fertilizer outlet size of 2BTF-2 type corn, soybean fertilization sower.The plantation specification of corn and soybean is a wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; When broadcasting soybean, plant 2 row soybean in the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line spaces.Corn variety is elder generation's jade 508, and the cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in the cave, and density is 3500 strain/mus, sowing on April 12; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and the cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in the cave, and density is 7000 strain/mus, sowing on June 18.Statistics corn and soybean yields, the result sees table 4.
Different sowings of table 4 and fertilization mode are to the influence of output and the benefit of corn, soybean
Visible by table 4 result; Large-scale demonstration shows; Improve 8.1% through the corn of the integrated combined seed and fertilizer drill processing of corn-soybean, the traditional sowing of gross yield of soybean with the fertilization mode processing, 6 kilograms of average every mu of minimizing purity nitrogen consumptions, 1.8 of recruitments, 259.6 yuan of cost-saving synergistics.
The explanation of above embodiment just is used for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.Should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the prerequisite that does not break away from the principle of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of claim of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the integrated fertilizing method of a corn interplanting soybean is characterized in that, corn, soybean are adopted wide-narrow row planting, and corn was sowed in annual late March to early April, and soybean is in annual early and middle ten days sowing in June; When corn seeding, execute disposable fertilizer, then in the corn typhon mouth phase or take out and in the loose row of corn, executed secondary fertilizer in 7-10 days before male apart from the capable 15-30 centimeters of corn.
2. integrated fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said wide-narrow row planting is specially 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, and 40 centimetres of narrow rows are planted 2 row soybean, 40 centimetres of line-spacings, 60 centimetres of soybean and corn line spaces in the loose row of corn.
3. integrated fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the consumption of said disposable fertilizer is every mu of purity nitrogen 5-7 kilogram, P
2O
56-8 kilogram, K
2O 6-8 kilogram.
4. integrated fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the consumption that said secondary is fertile is every mu of purity nitrogen 7-9 kilogram, P
2O
53-5 kilogram, K
2O 3-5 kilogram.
5. integrated fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the fertilization depth that said secondary is fertile is 10-20 centimetre.
6. integrated fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, adopts 2BTF-2 type corn, soybean fertilization sower to carry out mechanical planting and fertilising.
7. integrated fertilizing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, corn planting belt and soybean band adopt microcell crop rotation between year border.
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