CN102948317A - Corn drip irrigation cultivation method - Google Patents
Corn drip irrigation cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102948317A CN102948317A CN2012104176776A CN201210417677A CN102948317A CN 102948317 A CN102948317 A CN 102948317A CN 2012104176776 A CN2012104176776 A CN 2012104176776A CN 201210417677 A CN201210417677 A CN 201210417677A CN 102948317 A CN102948317 A CN 102948317A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a corn drip irrigation cultivation method, belonging to the field of water conservation and synergism synthesis technique. The corn drip irrigation cultivation method is characterized in that the method includes the steps of ridging, plastic film mulching and drip irrigation, and fertilizing, i.e. drip irrigation under the plastic film and fertilizing along with water drops. The corn drip irrigation cultivation method has the beneficial effects that the method is the organic combination of drip irrigation and film mulching planting; and a pipeline system is utilized to enable the pressurized water flow inside a pipe to drip through a hydraulic dropper, the water drips slowly and uniformly and quantitatively wets the area of the root system of the crop, so as to enable the irrigation mode for the active region soil of the major root system of the crop to be in the optimum water containing state all the time. In addition, the corn is covered by the mulching film, so ineffective evaporation is greatly reduced and the utilization efficiency of the water resource is improved to the maximum.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to plastic mulching, the three large water-saving technologies such as lower drip irrigation are broadcast, touched to two furrow, integrates press down to steam, collect rain, economize on water, and belongs to water-saving and synergistic complex art field, specifically a kind of corn drip irrigation cultivation method.
Background technology
Corn also claims maize, maize, maize, is the most widely one of the cereal crops that distribute in the world, and cultivated area is only second to wheat and paddy rice occupies the 3rd.Corn is the warm crop of a kind of happiness, and the optimum temperature of seed sprouting is 25～30 ℃; Shooting stage is average daily more than 18 ℃; From earing to blooming average daily 26～27 ℃; Grouting and maturation need remain on 20～24 ℃; Be lower than 16 ℃ or be higher than 25 ℃, the amylase activity is influenced, causes grain filling bad.Its optimum P in soil H value is between PH6.5～7.0.Corn needs the liquid manure amount large, must the rational application of fertilizer, irrigation could satisfy corn in whole breeding time the needs to nutrient.
The area of China North China, northeast, place, northwest arid and semi-arid, its water deficient is the main reason of restriction corn yield.That milpa has is tall and big, blade is luxuriant, be in high temperature season campaign, and the plant blade face is larger by evaporation loss amount of moisture between transpiration and strain.These areas, crops produce the purpose that must realize reaching with minimum amount by water saving cultivation technique maximum corn yield.Guarantee to how utilizing natural rainfall and soil water storage fully to inquire under the prerequisite of output crops.According to studies show that, the corn law of needing the water is relevant with vegetative period, such as being the unbalanced characteristics of water consumption, the rule that mid-term is many, the front and back phase is few the time of infertility.On the basis of constantly testing, comprehensive, the Scientific Water Conservation irrigation technique taking to suit measures to local conditions improve constantly the water conservancy degree of crops.
The corn growth need for environment makes up certain moisture environment, in the prerequisite that guarantees output, can farthest economize on water.This just need to carry out artificial control to the water environment of Maize Production, and tradition is by the flood irrigation mode, and the waste degree of water resource is large, and the agricultural that is not suitable for the arid area improves development scale.Because in traditional flood irrigation form, the canal seepage amount is larger, does not cause when water resource is supplied with Maize Production, growth greatly and just run off.In recent years, along with applying of every new agricultural technology, corn yield significantly improves, but pursues simply the raising of water-saving result and output and ignored the reasonable utilization that effectively utilizes water resource and liquid manure, causes the liquid manure serious waste of resources.
The two ridges of the full film of corn under-film drip irrigation technology is that full film double-furrow is broadcast a kind of water-saving irrigation technique that technology combines with drip irrigation technique, this technology not only has face collection rain, covers and press down the water-saving result of steaming, also can be as required water and water soluble fertilizer, agricultural chemicals etc. be fully merged, form the aqueous solution and splash into crop root, have significant water saving, save advantage fertile, that increase production and improve productivity, but the two ridges of the full film system applies aquatic foods of under-film drip irrigation technology on corn planting are report.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to take full advantage of effective rainfall, utilize drip irrigation technique in the time of the establishment evaporation, take full advantage of water, fertilizer, agricultural chemicals according to the plant growth needs, reach the effect of cost-saving synergistic, this technology integrates face collection rain, covers and press down drip irrigation, furrow planting technology in steaming, furrow collection rain, the ditch, and having realized preserves soil moisture holds moisture in the soil, heat the effect of adding lustre to, pressing down careless diseases prevention, improve the liquid manure utilization ratio.
For realizing above purpose, corn drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention is characterized in that: adopt
Ridging;
The plastic film mulch drip irrigation;
Fertilising, under-film drip irrigation applies fertilizer with water droplet; Mainly take following steps:
One, select the corn variety of suitable Hexi prefecture under-film drip irrigation cultivation that No. 16, Yuyu No.22, Shen Dan etc. are arranged;
Two, finish at the beginning of 4 months broadcast before timely ridging, ridging adopts the mode of large micro-ridge, large row spacing 70cm, the high 10cm in ridge, the wide 40cm of micro-ridge, the high 15cm in ridge;
Three, lay drip irrigation appliance, overlay film, the configuration mode of 40cm+70cm+40cm+70cm is adopted in the irrigate band, and the irrigate band places in the furrow, and the irrigate band must be stretching, and can not give a discount, water dropper up, plastic film mulch, plastic film mulch should accomplish tightly, tight, be strictly on guard against that the evaporation of water in soil leaks out in fact; Mulch film is selected the wide plastic film of 1.2m, and the film edge joint is at Da Long ridge face;
Four, execute nutrient solution, under-film drip irrigation applies fertilizer with water droplet; Described nutrient solution comprises the following material in mg/L: potassium nitrate 10～40%, ammonium nitrate 10～40%, magnesium sulfate 0.2～0.6%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1～1.2%, calcium chloride 0.2～0.6%, ferrous sulfate 0.02～0.07%, manganese sulphate 0.01～0.1%, ironic citrate 0.01～0.03%, zinc sulphate 0.003～0.02%, boric acid 3～20%, sodium molybdate 0.001～0.01%, potassium chloride 0.003～0.02%, nicotinic acid 0.0005～0.1%, inositol 0.1～30%, aspartic acid 0.005～0.1%;
Five, conventional field management is gathered.
Broadcast the application of drip irrigation technique by the corn full film double-furrow, but 40 yuan in abridged edition per mu (than the corn drip irrigation technique), Hexi prefecture corn per mu yield can reach 1050 kilograms, can realize 2100 yuan of per mu yield values, 120 yuan of cost-saving synergistics per mu, and economic benefit is very obvious.
Corn drip irrigation cultivation method of the present invention, its beneficial effect is: the present invention takes full advantage of full film double-furrow and broadcasts the advantage that the water saving of collection rain effect and drip irrigation technique, joint are fertile, increase production and improve productivity, and abridged edition, synergistic effect are obvious; Water-saving result is obvious, and corn water consumption in the time of infertility only is 3150m
3/ hm
2, broadcast furrow irrigation 6000 m than full film double-furrow
3/ hm
2, 2850 m economize on water
3/ hm
2This inventive method is the combination of drip irrigation technique and film-covering planting, utilizing pipe-line system will manage interior pressure water stream can drip by water dropper by water, water droplet infiltrates the crop root zone slowly, evenly, quantitatively, make the soil of the main root system of crop behaviour area remain at the irrigation method of optimum saturation state, in addition covering with plastic film, greatly reduce invalid evaporation, improved to greatest extent the utilization ratio of water resource.
Embodiment
Following examples are that the present invention further goes out to set forth.
Embodiment 1
1. select the corn variety of suitable Hexi prefecture under-film drip irrigation cultivation that No. 16, Yuyu No.22, Shen Dan etc. are arranged;
Finish at the beginning of 4 months broadcast before timely ridging, ridging adopts the mode of large micro-ridge, large row spacing 70cm, the high 10cm in ridge, the wide 40cm of micro-ridge, the high 15cm in ridge;
3. lay drip irrigation appliance, overlay film, the configuration mode of 40cm+70cm+40cm+70cm is adopted in the irrigate band, and the irrigate band places in the furrow, and the irrigate band must be stretching, and can not give a discount, water dropper up, plastic film mulch, plastic film mulch should accomplish tightly, tight, be strictly on guard against that the evaporation of water in soil leaks out in fact; Mulch film is selected the wide plastic film of 1.2m, and the film edge joint is at Da Long ridge face;
4. execute nutrient solution, under-film drip irrigation applies fertilizer with water droplet; Described nutrient solution comprises the following material in mg/L: potassium nitrate 12, ammonium nitrate 19, magnesium sulfate 0.29, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.19, calcium chloride 0.29, ferrous sulfate 0.029, manganese sulphate 0.019, ironic citrate 0.019, zinc sulphate 0.0039, boric acid 39, sodium molybdate 0.0019, potassium chloride 0.0039, nicotinic acid 0.00059, inositol 0.19, aspartic acid 0.0059;
5. sowing date for early sowing, rational close planting: generally in early April, upper soll layer 5cm ground temperature is stable during by 10 ℃, can begin sowing, adopts the mode of dibbler sowing, with dibbling corns in furrow, planting density 100,000 strains/hm
2, several 120,000 strains of results strain/hm
2More than; The short strong corn of compact and plant type can be suitably closeer, and flat-type, plant type are loose, not anti-dense planting, and kind not resistant to lodging should be less;
6. field management: the one, pour water, because the quality of soil is different, the amount of dripping is also different, generally drips to make soil moisture content reach about 24% to be advisable, and namely pinching soil group with hand can agglomerating loose being advisable of Save, and the amount of dripping is 450m
3/ hm
2The under-film drip irrigation corn generally drips and be advisable for 7 times the time of infertility, and water consumption is 3150m
3/ hm
2, do a good job of it three critical periods of dripping, water dropper water is at jointing-booting stage, second need water key period is to take out male blooming stage, is the critical period of water need of corn, should drip 1 time according to the rich water situation of the growth of cereal crop seedlings and soil; The 3rd need water key period is corn grouting when ripe, should drip 1 time; Drip and to accomplish, once drip, remain the humidity of soil; Also should grasp flexibly according to climate condition, soil moisture, should not drip overcast and rainy, prevent that damage by disease and insect from spreading; The 2nd, fertilising, the general available capacitive chemical fertilizer of fertilizer that under-film drip irrigation is executed with water droplet;
7. according to the demand of milpa to nutrient, carry out whole process drip fertile, general dripping fertile 3 times, stop before and after August 15 dripping fertile, omnidistance need to drip execute nitrogen, fertilizer is joined by phosphorus composite fertilizer, diammonium phosphate 750 kg/hm
2, drip and execute diammonium phosphate 300kg/hm dialling the joint phase
2, zinc chloride 5kg/hm
2, manganese sulphate 20kg/hm
2, the residue diammonium phosphate is dripped in the back in the process of executing all minim and is executed; The 3rd, intertill and clean tillage, the intertillage of under-film drip irrigation corn is generally carried out 2 times, and the head time intertillage degree of depth is generally 6cm, prevents from burying seedling.The 5cm that can deep plough before the jointing, intertillage will remain on 10cm behind the jointing, avoids damaging secondary root; Manually carry out inter-plant hoeing or chemical weed control;
8. gather in the crops: the irrigate band can directly be reclaimed in the field that the stem stalk is arranged behind harvest corn, also can also reclaim behind the field at stalk disintegrating, and gradation was cleaned out before residual film must turn over and sow in spring in the autumn, to prevent contaminated soil in good time.
Embodiment 2
1. select the corn variety of suitable Hexi prefecture under-film drip irrigation cultivation that No. 16, Yuyu No.22, Shen Dan etc. are arranged;
Finish at the beginning of 4 months broadcast before timely ridging, ridging adopts the mode of large micro-ridge, large row spacing 70cm, the high 10cm in ridge, the wide 40cm of micro-ridge, the high 15cm in ridge;
3. lay drip irrigation appliance, overlay film, the configuration mode of 40cm+70cm+40cm+70cm is adopted in the irrigate band, and the irrigate band places in the furrow, and the irrigate band must be stretching, and can not give a discount, water dropper up, plastic film mulch, plastic film mulch should accomplish tightly, tight, be strictly on guard against that the evaporation of water in soil leaks out in fact; Mulch film is selected the wide plastic film of 1.2m, and the film edge joint is at Da Long ridge face;
4. execute nutrient solution, under-film drip irrigation applies fertilizer with water droplet; Described nutrient solution comprises the following material in mg/L: potassium nitrate 18, ammonium nitrate 25, magnesium sulfate 0.6, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2, calcium chloride 0.6, ferrous sulfate 0.07, manganese sulphate 0.1, ironic citrate 0.03, zinc sulphate 0.02, boric acid 20, sodium molybdate 0.01, potassium chloride 0.02, nicotinic acid 0.1, inositol 30, aspartic acid 0.1;
5. all the other are with embodiment 1.
Claims (4)
1. corn drip irrigation cultivation method adopts
Ridging;
The plastic film mulch drip irrigation;
Fertilising, under-film drip irrigation applies fertilizer with water droplet; It is characterized in that: mainly take following steps:
2. corn drip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described nutrient solution comprises the following material in mg/L: potassium nitrate 10～40%, ammonium nitrate 10～40%, magnesium sulfate 0.2～0.6%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.1～1.2%, calcium chloride 0.2～0.6%, ferrous sulfate 0.02～0.07%, manganese sulphate 0.01～0.1%, ironic citrate 0.01～0.03%, zinc sulphate 0.003～0.02%, boric acid 3～20%, sodium molybdate 0.001～0.01%, potassium chloride 0.003～0.02%, nicotinic acid 0.0005～0.1%, inositol 0.1～30%, aspartic acid 0.005～0.1%.
3. corn drip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described preferred nutrient solution comprises the following material in mg/L: potassium nitrate 18%, ammonium nitrate 25%, magnesium sulfate 0.6%, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.2%, calcium chloride 0.6%, ferrous sulfate 0.07%, manganese sulphate 0.1%, ironic citrate 0.03%, zinc sulphate 0.02%, boric acid 20%, sodium molybdate 0.01%, potassium chloride 0.02%, nicotinic acid 0.1%, inositol 30%, aspartic acid 0.1%.
4. corn drip irrigation cultivation method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: ridging adopts the mode of large micro-ridge, large row spacing 70cm, the high 10cm in ridge, the wide 40cm of micro-ridge, the high 15cm in ridge.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103553751A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-05 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Whole-film mulching maize irrigation fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103891517A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-02 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn |
| CN104335880A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-11 | 张福工 | Integrated infiltrating irrigation cultivating method |
| CN105123232A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-09 | 定西华冠农牧业开发有限公司 | High-yield planting method for hilly land silage corns |
| CN106069530A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of subtracting of high organic fertilizer is used to steam water-saving method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil photinia glabra thereof |
| CN106105466A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of use steams water-saving method and the application in the Pollen pini thunbergii of plantation salt-soda soil thereof containing subtracting of molybdenum microorganism fertilizer |
| CN106818163A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-13 | 吉林省农业科学院 | For the corn water-fertilizer integral fertigation method of semiarid region |
| CN109169069A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | The corn planting method that degradable mulch covers under the conditions of a kind of drip surface |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104335880A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2015-02-11 | 张福工 | Integrated infiltrating irrigation cultivating method |
| CN103553751A (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2014-02-05 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Whole-film mulching maize irrigation fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103553751B (en) * | 2013-11-14 | 2015-04-01 | 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所 | Whole-film mulching maize irrigation fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
| CN103891517A (en) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-07-02 | 新疆农垦科学院 | Water-saving and high-yield water and fertilizer management method for corn |
| CN105123232A (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2015-12-09 | 定西华冠农牧业开发有限公司 | High-yield planting method for hilly land silage corns |
| CN106069530A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-09 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of subtracting of high organic fertilizer is used to steam water-saving method and the application in plantation salt-soda soil photinia glabra thereof |
| CN106105466A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-16 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | A kind of use steams water-saving method and the application in the Pollen pini thunbergii of plantation salt-soda soil thereof containing subtracting of molybdenum microorganism fertilizer |
| CN106818163A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-06-13 | 吉林省农业科学院 | For the corn water-fertilizer integral fertigation method of semiarid region |
| CN109169069A (en) * | 2018-10-16 | 2019-01-11 | 内蒙古农业大学 | The corn planting method that degradable mulch covers under the conditions of a kind of drip surface |
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Application publication date: 20130306 |