CN102640657B - Integral fertilization method for corn and soybean relay intercropping - Google Patents
Integral fertilization method for corn and soybean relay intercropping Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop culture and discloses an integral fertilization method for corn and soybean relay intercropping. The integral fertilization method for corn and soybean relay intercropping provided by the invention comprises the following steps that: corns and soybeans adopt wide and narrow line planting, the corns are seeded from the late March to the early April in each year, and the soybeans are seeded in the early and mid June in each year; and the primary fertilization is carried out during the corn seeding, and then, the secondary fertilization is carried out in a position in the wide line of the corn with a distance being 15 to 30cm from the corn line in a corn large-horn period or in 7 to 10 days before the tasseling. The fertilization distance and the multi-nutrient matching are scientifically controlled, the three links: the corn additional fertilization, the soybean base fertilization and the soybean seeding are organically unified, the time space complementation utilization of the corns and the soybeans on the fertilizers is realized, the goal of fertilizing one season of corn fertilizers and utilizing the fertilizers by the corn and the soybean in two seasons is reached, the production cost is reduced, the yield of the corns and the soybeans and the utilization of the fertilizers are improved, and the income of farmers is increased.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to arviculture technical field, be specifically related to a kind of Integrated fertilizer application method of corn relay interplanting soybean.
Background technology
Intercropping and interplanting pattern is to utilize different plant species in the mutual supplement with each other's advantages of the aspects such as spatial distribution and nutrient demand, makes Intercropping Systems the more effective various growth factors (light, moisture, various nutrients etc.) of utilizing obtain yield heterosis.Intercropping and interplanting is to promoting agricultural sustainable development to have important function, and when especially grass family is with pulse family intercropping and interplanting, the intercropping and interplanting advantage of gramineous crop is fairly obvious, and output and Nitrogen Absorption amount often improve much in nonoculture condition than it.In Intercropping Systems, it is the main promotion mechanism of nitrogen nutrition that nitrogen shifts, and forefathers study the two-way transfer that discovery " wheat/corn/soybean " interplanting system exists nitrogen, by the nitrogen transferance between crop, have promoted the nitrogen of system efficiently to utilize.
In recent years, corn-soybean strip type cover operation mode is increasingly mature, development rapidly, southwest and even southern dry land agricultural produce, increasing peasant income have been played to very important effect.Expansion along with corn-soybean cover operation mode popularizing area, traditional production technique has been not suitable with its development, become and hinder the bottleneck that output improves and benefit increases, especially corn-soybean strip type cover operation mode is by the introducing of soybean, the Crop Structure that has changed traditional corn-sweet potato cover operation mode causes systemic-function to change thereupon, shows that soybean is by nodule nitrogen fixation effect, not only improve soil environment, also changed the nitrogen cycle of system.And crop fertilization still be take traditional single cropping crop independence fertilizer practice as main in producing, greatly, easily run off, utilization rate of fertilizer is low, loss is large for total fertilization amount.
In addition, peasant is in order to improve crop yield, regardless of expense adds large chemical fertilizer and drops into, and fertilizer application and other correlation technique research lag behind, chemical fertilizer application is unreasonable, cause chemical fertilizer utilization ratio obviously to decline, cause the series of problems such as the wasting of resources, agriculture production cost increase, environment and pollution of agricultural products.As the increase because of N, P leaching loss amount causes that the widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area problem that body eutrophication aggravation etc. brings because of fertilising is day by day serious.
At present, lot of domestic and foreign researcher has carried out large quantity research around efficient utilization of nitrogen of intercropping and interplanting, but these researchs are is mostly to consider from corn, soybean single cropping crop, not yet from the High Efficient nitrogen of corn-soybean strip type composite plant system, utilizes angle to consider its fertilizer practice as a whole.Therefore, need a set of fertilizer utilization efficiency that can improve corn-soybean strip type interplanting compound system, realize volume increase joint fertile, can realize again the Integrated fertilizer application method of the corn relay interplanting soybean of low-carbon environment-friendly.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the object of the invention is to for problems such as in current Southwestern China and southern area corn-soybean interplanting production process, utilization rate of fertilizer are low, loss is large, a kind of Integrated fertilizer application method of corn relay interplanting soybean is provided, to improve corn, soybean per unit area yield and utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce production costs, increase grain yield and farmers' income.
For realizing object of the present invention, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The Integrated fertilizer application method of corn relay interplanting soybean is that corn, soybean adopt a wide-narrow row planting, and corn was sowed in annual late March to early April, and soybean is in annual early and middle ten days sowing in June; When corn seeding, execute disposable fertilizer, then in the corn typhon mouth phase or before taking out hero, within 7-10 days, in the loose row of corn, apart from the capable 15-30 centimeters of corn, execute secondary fertilizer.
Corn is gramineous crop, and root system is many, and area extending transversely is large, take and utilize thin solum nutrient as main, and more to Nitrogen Amount requirement, with NO
3-N is main; Soybean is system of taproot crop, under root system, is tied in deep subsoil, can utilize better the nutrient of deep soil, and soybean meets self nitrogen needs by nodule nitrogen fixation.The present invention has changed the independent fertilizing method of traditional corn, soybean nonoculture, according to the niche complementarity principle of agroecology, utilize two kinds of crops of corn and soybean at the difference-complementary of inhaling fertile modal spatial niche and Time Niche, corn, soybean adopt wide-narrow row planting, nutrient is complementary to be utilized, and reaches the object that different soil nutrient made full use of and saved nitrogenous fertilizer.The present invention is simultaneously executing secondary fertilizer apart from the capable 15-30 centimeters of corn in 7-10 days in the corn typhon mouth phase or before taking out hero, described secondary fertilizer is by the combination of topdressing of soybean phosphorus potassium base fertilizer and corn, realize nutrient balance, reach execute one season fertilizer, the object that two seasons of corn, soybean are utilized.Utilize simultaneously root to fertilizer, by the increase distance of applying fertilizer, strengthen the vigor of corn and soybean root system, both ensured the abundant absorption of corn to nitrogen, slow down again the inhibition of nitrogenous fertilizer to soybean nitrogen fixation, realize the dual effective utilization of soybean to nitrogenous fertilizer and fixed nitrogen.
Preferably, in Integrated fertilizer application method of the present invention, wide-narrow row planting is 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, and 40 centimetres of narrow rows are planted 2 row soybean, 40 centimetres of line-spacings, 60 centimetres of soybean and corn line spaces in the loose row of corn.
Integrated fertilizer application method of the present invention, the corn base fertilizer of using when described disposable fertilizer is corn seeding, the consumption of corn base fertilizer and fertilization mode are carried out routinely, and preferred, described disposable fertilizer consumption is every mu of purity nitrogen 5-7 kilogram, P
2o
56-8 kilogram, K
2o 6-8 kilogram, spreads manuer in holes or the fertilising of middle ditch.
In order better to guarantee that corn and soybean utilize the space-time of fertilizer is complementary, Integrated fertilizer application method of the present invention, the consumption of described secondary fertilizer is every mu of purity nitrogen 7-9 kilogram, P
2o
53-5 kilogram, K
2o 3-5 kilogram.For cooperative mechanical sowing and fertilising, those skilled in the art can select nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium content granular compound fertilizer that proportioning is suitable therewith as secondary of the present invention fertilizer fertile used, as chloro-ammoniation-granulation composite fertilizer, potassium sulfate-ammoniation-granulation composite fertilizer.
The selection of fertilization depth effectively utilizes fertilizer to have important effect to soybean.So Integrated fertilizer application method of the present invention, the fertilization depth of described secondary fertilizer is 10-20 centimetre.
Further, the present invention adopts 2BTF-2 type corn, soybean fertilization sower to carry out mechanical planting and fertilising, thereby the corn typhon mouth phase is topdressed and soybean planting and three link organic unities of fertilising, both reduce labor, enhanced productivity, reached again all effects of even equilibrium of fertilising.Before fertilising, those skilled in the art can be from the fertilizer outlet size of main regulation 2BTF-2 type corn, soybean fertilization sower, and to meet the total consumption requirement of fertilizer, and bonding cave fertilizer amount is balanced.
Preferably, Integrated fertilizer application method of the present invention, corn planting belt and soybean planting band adopt microcell crop rotation between year border, and Second Year corn belt and soybean band exchange, and realize microcell crop rotation between year border, alleviate continuous cropping harm.
From above-mentioned technical scheme, can find out, the Integrated fertilizer application method of a kind of corn relay interplanting soybean provided by the invention, corn, soybean adopt wide-narrow row planting, and corn was sowed in annual late March to early April, and soybean is in early and middle ten days kind in annual June; When corn seeding, execute disposable fertilizer, then in the corn typhon mouth phase or before taking out hero, within 7-10 days, in the loose row of corn, apart from the capable 15-30 centimeters of corn, execute secondary fertilizer.The present invention arranges in pairs or groups by control fertilising distance and many nutrients of science, by corn topdress, soybean is unified by fertilizer and soybean planting three links, corn, soybean have been realized to the complementary utilization of the space-time of fertilizer, reach execute one season corn fertilizer, the object that corn, two seasons of soybean are utilized, reduce production cost and labor, improved corn, soybean yields and utilization rate of fertilizer, increased farmers' income.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the fertilising site figure of corn-soybean strip type interplanting.
Embodiment
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of Integrated fertilizer application method of corn relay interplanting soybean.Those skilled in the art can use for reference content herein, suitably improve technological parameter and realize.Special needs to be pointed out is, all similar replacements and change apparent to those skilled in the artly, they are all deemed to be included in the present invention.Method of the present invention is described by preferred embodiment, and related personnel obviously can change method as herein described or suitably change and combination within not departing from content of the present invention, spirit and scope, realizes and apply the technology of the present invention.
In order further to understand the present invention, below in conjunction with embodiment, method provided by the invention is elaborated.Wherein, the same corn of the disease pest and weed of corn, soybean and water management, the conventional production of soybean.Embodiment 1: the impact of Different Fertilization distance on corn and soybean yields
The present embodiment carries out in Xinhua village, Qu He township, Sichuan Province China province Shehong County.In the corn typhon mouth phase, by adjusting corn and the soybean site (0,15,30,45cm) of applying fertilizer in the ranks, studied Different Fertilization apart from the impact on corn and soybean yields.
The plantation specification of corn and soybean is wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; While broadcasting soybean, in the loose row of corn, plant 2 row soybean, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line spaces.Corn variety is first jade 508, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 3500 plants/acre, sowing on April 12; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in cave, and density is 7000 plants/acre, sowing on June 15.Disposable fertilizer be corn base fertilizer routinely consumption use, execute 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2o
57.5 kilograms, K
27.5 kilograms of O, the corn typhon mouth phase topdresses and corn Nitrogen Top Dressing amount and the execution of soybean phosphorus Potassium Fertilizer routinely of soybean fertilizer application amount, executes 8 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2o
54 kilograms, K
2o4 kilogram.Statistics corn and soybean yields, the results are shown in Table 1.
Table 1 Different Fertilization distance on the impact of corn and soybean yields (kg/acre)
| The distance with corn is put in fertilising | Corn yield | Soybean yields | Gross yield |
| 0cm | 497.91 | 111.28 | 609.19 |
| 15cm | 482.11 | 142.36 | 624.47 |
| 30cm | 504.62 | 144.26 | 648.88 |
| 45cm | 478.01 | 122.20 | 600.21 |
From table 1 result, fertilising distance all has remarkable impact to corn and soybean yields.Along with the increase of the fertilising distance with corn, corn yield is first to reduce and increases afterwards the trend reducing again, with the highest apart from corn 30 centimeters output, compared with conventional fertilizer application mode (corn spread manuer in holes, apart from 0 centimetre of fertilising of corn) corn yield increasing 1.3%.Soybean is with the increase of the fertilising distance with corn, output is first increases the trend reducing again, fertilising is all unfavorable for the raising of soybean yields away from soybean and close soybean, with the highest apart from corn 30 centimeters fertilising soybean yieldss, compared with the lower soybean yields of ordinary maize fertilization mode (corn spread manuer in holes, apart from 0 centimetre of fertilising of corn), improve 29.6%, secondly be higher apart from corn 15 centimeters fertilising soybean yieldss, with little apart from the soybean yields difference of corn 30 centimeters.From always producing in corn, two seasons of soybean, still with the highest apart from corn 30 centimeters fertilising output, compared with two season overall crop yield raisings 6.5% under ordinary maize fertilization mode, be secondly to apply fertilizer apart from corn 15 centimeters.Result shows at the line space of corn and soybean, from reaching and execute dual-purpose object for imposing the phosphorus potash fertilizer of corn nitrogenous fertilizer and soybean between 15cm-30cm, both to have saved fertilizer, labour, has improved again corn, soybean yields.
Embodiment 2: the impact of different nitrogen contents on corn and soybean yields
The present embodiment carries out in Xinhua village, Qu He township, Sichuan Province China province Shehong County.In the corn typhon mouth phase, adopt corn-soybean interplanting Integrated fertilizer application mode (applying fertilizer apart from corn 30cm place) in the loose row of corn, studied the impact of different nitrogen fertilizer amounts on corn and soybean yields.
The plantation specification of corn and soybean is wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; While broadcasting soybean, in the loose row of corn, plant 2 row soybean, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line-spacings.Corn variety is first jade 508, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 3500 plants/acre, sowing on April 8; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in cave, and density is 7000 plants/acre, sowing on June 13.Disposable fertilizer is the corn base fertilizer consumption amount of executing routinely, executes 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2o
57.5 kilograms, K
2o7.5 kilogram.Statistics corn and soybean yields, the results are shown in Table 2.
The different corns of table 2 chase after nitrogen on the impact of corn and soybean yields (kg/acre)
| Corn typhon mouth phase secondary fertilizer (kg/acre) | Corn yield | Soybean yields | Gross yield |
| 0 | 471.38 | 120.05 | 591.43 |
| 6N+4P 2O 5+4K 2O | 637.7 | 134.17 | 771.87 |
| 9N+4P 2O 5+4K 2O | 610.03 | 101.21 | 711.24 |
| 12N+4P 2O 5+4K 2O | 597.36 | 103.87 | 701.23 |
From table 2 result, under corn, soybean Integrated fertilizer application mode, the fertilizing amount of nitrogenous fertilizer all has impact to corn and soybean yields, relatively corn routine is executed nitrogen and is processed every mu and execute 9 kilograms of purity nitrogens, reduces amount of nitrogen and is every mu and execute 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens and can improve corn, soybean yields and gross yield.Corn, soybean yields and gross yield respectively more not fertilizer treatment high by 35.3%, 11.8% and 30.5%, more every mu execute 9 kilograms of purity nitrogens process respectively high by 4.5%, 32.5% and 8.5%, more every mu execute 12 kilograms of processing of purity nitrogen high by 6.7%, 29.2% and 10.1%.Result shows the too high or too low raising that is all unfavorable for soybean yields of amount of nitrogenous fertilizer.6 kilograms+P of every mu of corn nitrogen topdressing
2o
54 kilograms+K
24 kilograms of O, had both improved corn, soybean yields, had saved again nitrogenous fertilizer and labour.
Embodiment 3: the impact of Different Fertilization mode on corn and soybean yields
The present embodiment carries out in Ta Shui village, Zhu Jia township, Sichuan Province China province Renshou County.Research corn, soybean tradition is spreaded manuer in holes and the impact of Integrated fertilizer application on corn, soybean yields.
Corn traditional fertilization is treated to spreads manuer in holes, and consumption is that every mu, base fertilizer is executed 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2o
57.5 kilograms, K
27.5 kilograms of O, every mu of corn typhon mouth phase imposes 8 kilograms of purity nitrogens; Every mu, soybean base fertilizer is executed 2 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2o
54 kilograms, K
24 kilograms of O, every mu of initial bloom stage imposes 2 kilograms of purity nitrogens.Corn-soybean Integrated fertilizer application is treated to disposable fertilizer and spreads manuer in holes, and consumption is every mu and executes 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2o
57.5 kilograms, K
27.5 kilograms of O, the corn typhon mouth phase apart from the capable 30 centimetres of secondary fertilizer of corn, is executed 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu in the loose row of corn
2o
54 kilograms, K
24 kilograms of O.The plantation specification of corn and soybean is wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; While broadcasting soybean, in the loose row of corn, plant 2 row soybean, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line spaces.Corn variety is first jade 508, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 3500 plants/acre, sowing on April 12; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in cave, and density is 7000 plants/acre, sowing on June 18.Statistics corn and soybean yields, the results are shown in Table 3.
Table 3 Different Fertilization mode on the impact of corn and soybean yields (kg/acre)
| Fertilization mode | Corn yield | Soybean yields | Gross yield |
| Tradition is spreaded manuer in holes | 592.25 | 144.25 | 736.5 |
| Integrated fertilizer application | 638.03 | 148.3 | 786.33 |
From table 3 result, the tradition processing of spreading manuer in holes relatively, Integrated fertilizer application process lower corn, soybean yields and two season gross yield be all improved, improve respectively 7.7%, 2.8% and 6.8%, and every mu is saved 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, soybean fertilization recruitment 1-2.
Embodiment 4: different sowings and the impact of fertilization mode on the output of corn, soybean and benefit
The present embodiment carries out in Ta Shui village, Zhu Jia township, Sichuan Province China province Renshou County.Adopt improved 2BTF-2 type corn, the soybean planting fertilizer distributor to carry out corn, soybean fertilization and sowing, studied output and benefit change that the integrated machine sowing machine of corn-soybean is granted corn, soybean under Traditional Man sowing and fertilization mode.
Corn traditional fertilization is treated to the end and topdresses and spread manuer in holes, and consumption is that every mu, base fertilizer is executed 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2o
57.5 kilograms, K
27.5 kilograms of O, every mu of typhon mouth phase imposes 8 kilograms of purity nitrogens; Every mu, soybean base fertilizer is executed 2 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2o
54 kilograms, K
24 kilograms of O, every mu of initial bloom stage imposes 2 kilograms of purity nitrogens.Corn-soybean Integrated fertilizer application is treated to the ditch spread of disposable fertilizer machinery, consumption is 48%(16-16-16) 37.5 kilograms of chloro-ammoniation-granulation composite fertilizers, the corn typhon mouth phase is executed secondary fertilizer apart from capable 30 centimeters of corn in the loose row of corn, fertilising is used in conjunction with sower simultaneously, every mu is 48%(16-16-16 with content) 37.5 kilograms of chloro-ammoniation-granulation composite fertilizers, before sowing, by regulating the fertilizer outlet size of 2BTF-2 type corn, soybean fertilization sower, meet the total consumption of fertilizer.The plantation specification of corn and soybean is wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; While broadcasting soybean, in the loose row of corn, plant 2 row soybean, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line spaces.Corn variety is first jade 508, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 3500 plants/acre, sowing on April 12; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in cave, and density is 7000 plants/acre, sowing on June 18.Statistics corn and soybean yields, the results are shown in Table 4.
The different sowings of table 4 and the impact of fertilization mode on the output of corn, soybean and benefit
From table 4 result, large-scale demonstration shows, the corn of processing through corn-soybean Integrated fertilizer application sower, the more traditional sowing of gross yield of soybean and fertilization mode are processed and are improved 8.1%, and average every mu is reduced 6 kilograms of purity nitrogen consumptions, 1.8 of recruitments, 259.6 yuan of cost-saving synergistics.
The explanation of above embodiment is just for helping to understand method of the present invention and core concept thereof.It should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention, can also carry out some improvement and modification to the present invention, these improvement and modification also fall in the protection domain of the claims in the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. an Integrated fertilizer application method that is applicable to the corn relay interplanting soybean of southwest, is characterized in that, when corn seeding, executes disposable fertilizer, spreads manuer in holes, and consumption is every mu and executes 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P
2o
57.5 kilograms, K
2o7.5 kilogram then executes secondary fertilizer apart from capable 30 centimeters of corn in the corn typhon mouth phase in the loose row of corn, executes 6 kilograms of purity nitrogens, P for every mu
2o
54 kilograms, K
2o4 kilogram; The plantation specification of corn and soybean is wide-narrow row planting, 160 centimetres of the loose row of corn, 40 centimetres of narrow rows; While broadcasting soybean, in the loose row of corn, plant 2 row soybean, 40 centimetres of soybean line-spacings, 60 centimetres of corn, soybean line spaces; Corn variety is first jade 508, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and individual plant is stayed in cave, and density is 3500 plants/acre, sowing on April 12; Soybean varieties is southern beans 12, and cave is apart from 19 centimetres, and two strains are stayed in cave, and density is 7000 plants/acre, sowing on June 18; The fertilization depth of described secondary fertilizer is 10-20 centimetre; Adopt 2BTF-2 type corn, soybean fertilization sower to carry out mechanical planting and fertilising; Corn planting belt and soybean band adopt microcell crop rotation between year border.
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| CN105399479B (en) * | 2015-12-23 | 2019-04-23 | 四川农业大学 | A kind of special fertilizer and fertilizing method for corn soybean strip cropping |
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