CN104145587B - A kind of fertilizing method of southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer - Google Patents
A kind of fertilizing method of southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of fertilizing method of southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer, pass through technical solution of the present invention, rational nitrogen fertilizing can be carried out to morning, late rice, nitrogenous fertilizer can not only be made to obtain effective and reasonable utilization, reduce the waste of nitrogenous fertilizer, save production cost, greatly reduce because the environmental pollution caused wasted by nitrogenous fertilizer simultaneously, and the output of double cropping paddy rice can be significantly improved.Therefore, the present invention has significant economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method of nitrogenous fertilizer, particularly relate to the fertilizing method of double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer in a kind of southern Dongtinghu Plain region early rice, the ripe producing region of late rice two.
Background technology
Paddy rice is the cereal crops being extensively distributed in south China, and Hunan is China double cropping rice main producing region.Dongting Lake Plain is the double cropping rice main producing region in Hunan Province, the production base that to be Hunan Province be also Chinese commodity grain is main.This typical cropping system of particularly early rice-late rice two crops a year rotation system is the main Farming mode in Dongting Lake Plain, no matter be cultivated area or all gross annual output levels, the cereal product high degree produced under this rotation system ensure that the grain security of China.This area early rice generally late March sowing, mid or late April transplant, July on, the middle ten days gather in the crops; Late rice in 6 months, the last ten-days period sowing, in 7 months, the last ten-days period transplant, in 10, the last ten-days period results, two season crop be a rotation cycle, its breeding time account for 2/3 of the anniversary.Occupy the contribution of more than 50% in the process that wherein fertilizer nutrient improves in grain yield, thus the fertilising of early rice and this rotation cycle of late rice distributes and just seems particularly important.
Wherein, the growing of nitrogen nutrient and crop, yield and quality etc. are closely related, are that the cereal crops such as paddy rice absorb the maximum nutritive element of quantity from soil; Nitrogenous fertilizer is also topmost outside input in Rice Production, and it drops into and usually accounts for more than 35% of outside total input.Along with population growth is to the pressure increase of grain demand, production and the usage amount of chemical nitrogen fertilizer sharply increase, and the amount of nitrogen of paddy field is also increasing.Since the sixties in 20th century, Farmland in China amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer increases year by year.But the grain-production of China is not grown simultaneously with fertilizer amount, according to statistics, from 1978 to 2011, Chemistry In China nitrogen fertilizer amount increases to 2381.4 ten thousand tons from 763.9 ten thousand tons, add 2.1 times, and grain yield only increases by 87%.Show according to researchs such as Peng Shaobing, current China Rice Production nitrogen fertilizer amount is 37% of global nitrogen fertilizer amount, is that big country consumed by world's nitrogenous fertilizer first, and the average amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of paddy rice is 180kg/hm
2, exceed about 60% than world standard.The research such as Zhang Fusuo shows, general higher in each provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities Fertilizer in Rice nitrogen quantity, nitrogenous fertilizer input amount is at 150-400kg/hm
2level, wherein the chemical nitrogen fertilizer consumption of the provinces and cities such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces, Shanghai, Guangdong and Hunan is 250-350kg/hm
2; And China's nitrogen fertilizer for paddy rice absorption rate is only 30%-35%, 15-20 percentage point lower than developed country.Due to nitrogenous fertilizer a large amount of input and unreasonablely to use, not only cause the continuous decrease of marginal product and fertilizer utilization efficiency, and the serious threat soil body, water body safety, bring the problems such as soil acidification, greenhouse gas emission and groundwater azotate pollution, and become the serious threat of global intensive agricultural sustainable development.Therefore, research and develop and a kind ofly nitrogenous fertilizer can be made to obtain effective and reasonable utilization, the fertilizing method of double cropping paddy rice output can be improved simultaneously to be vital.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to overcome current nitrogenous fertilizer can not obtain rational and efficient use, cause the drawbacks such as resource waste and pollution environment, a kind of fertilizing method of southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer is provided.Pass through technical solution of the present invention, rational nitrogen fertilizing can be carried out to morning, late rice, nitrogenous fertilizer can not only be made to obtain effective and reasonable utilization, reduce the waste of nitrogenous fertilizer, save production cost, greatly reduce because the environmental pollution caused wasted by nitrogenous fertilizer simultaneously, and the output of double cropping paddy rice can be significantly improved.Therefore, the present invention has significant economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
In order to solve the problem, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A fertilizing method for southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer, under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 150 ~ 170kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 180 ~ 200.0kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 157.5 ~ 170.0kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 172.5 ~ 200.0kg/hm
2; Amount of application all with purity nitrogen gauge,
Under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divides base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising early rice season, and the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is 6:4; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilizing amount is 5:3:2;
Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divides base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising early rice season, and the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is 7:3; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilizing amount is 5:4:1.
The present invention's amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer of preferred early rice season is 160kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 190kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 165kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 185kg/hm
2; Amount of application is all with purity nitrogen gauge.
In said method, early rice quaternary nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer dosage divides base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, wherein base manure adopts the method for deep placement, apply during whole ground before transplanting, rotovator or small tractor is adopted to plough, ploughing depth reaches 15 ~ 20 centimetres, carry out raking of face, field after ploughing, fertilizer is mixed with soil, keep shallow water to treat transplanting rice; Tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to apply fertilizer early stage, spreads fertilizer over the fields in surface, rice field in conjunction with preventing and killing weeds in rice field after fertilizer and weed killer herbicide being mixed; Late rice quaternary nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer dosage divides base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, wherein base manure adopts the method for deep placement, apply during whole ground before transplanting, rotovator or small tractor is adopted to plough, ploughing depth reaches 15 ~ 20 centimetres, carry out raking of face, field after ploughing, fertilizer is mixed with soil, keep shallow water to treat transplanting rice; Tillering fertilizer is tillered late rice and is applied fertilizer early stage, spreads fertilizer over the fields in surface, rice field in conjunction with preventing and killing weeds in rice field after fertilizer and weed killer herbicide being mixed; Ear manuer applied fertilizer in conjunction with irrigation in the late rice ear differentiation puberty, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer in rice field.
The present invention compared with prior art, has the following advantages and effect:
1, technical solution of the present invention is passed through, rational nitrogen fertilizing can be carried out to early rice, late rice, nitrogenous fertilizer can not only be made to obtain effective and reasonable utilization, make its nitrogenous fertilizer farthest be utilized, reduce the waste of nitrogenous fertilizer, save production cost, greatly reduce because the environmental pollution caused wasted by nitrogenous fertilizer simultaneously, and early rice and late rice yield and anniversary rice yield can be significantly improved.
2, compared with local conventional fertilizer application method (the same prior art of fertilising of other fertilizer nutrient), technical solution of the present invention carries out effectively distributing using to nitrogenous fertilizer according to the soil texture is different, different soils quality (i.e. purple wattenshlick field and reddish yellow mud field) amount of application is different, makes its nitrogenous fertilizer obtain effective and reasonable distribution.Thus, technical solution of the present invention can not only improve the availability of nitrogenous fertilizer, reduces the fertilizer nitrogen percent of loss of this season paddy rice, can also improve early rice and late rice yield and anniversary rice yield.
(1) early rice, late rice Different Fertilization amount and the week annual production of Application Ratio paddy rice
A. show the rice yield result of early rice nitrogenous fertilizer different administration amount, with local farmers traditional fertilization pattern for contrast, under the condition in purple wattenshlick field, amount of nitrogen is with 160.0kg/hm
2for the highest, early rice output be respectively reach 4991.5,5171.4,5051.4kg/hm
2; Under base manure and tillering fertilizer Different Fertilization ratio fertilizer application mode, early rice output with ratio be all the fertilizer application mode of 6:4 for the highest, be respectively 4600.0,5171.4,4757.1kg/hm
2.Wherein, take amount of nitrogen as 160.0kg/hm
2, base manure and tillering fertilizer Application Ratio be that the early rice output of 6:4 process is the highest, increases 763.9kg/hm than contrast
2.
Late rice yield is all 190.0kg/hm with amount of nitrogen
2for the highest, be respectively 7858.3,7933.3,8083.3kg/hm
2; Base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer applicating ratio are 5:3:2 fertilizer application mode rice yield for the highest, be respectively 7858.3,7933.3,8083.3kg/hm
2.Wherein, take amount of nitrogen as 190.0kg/hm
2, base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer Application Ratio be that the late rice yield of 5:3:2 process is the highest, increases 582.6kg/hm than contrast
2.
Paddy rice week annual production is with early rice amount of nitrogen 160.0kg/hm
2, late rice amount of nitrogen 190.0kg/hm
2the highest, paddy rice week annual production is respectively 12849.8,13104.7,13134.7kg/hm
2(table 1).Wherein, early rice take amount of nitrogen as 160.0kg/hm
2, base manure and tillering fertilizer Application Ratio be 6:4 process, late rice amount of nitrogen is 190.0kg/hm
2, base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer Application Ratio be that the paddy rice week annual production of 5:3:2 process is the highest, increases 1346.5kg/hm than the week annual production of contrast paddy rice
2.
Under the condition of table 1 purple wattenshlick field, morning, late rice Different Fertilization ratio rice yield are analyzed
B. show the rice yield result of early rice nitrogenous fertilizer different administration amount, with local farmers traditional fertilization pattern for contrast, under the condition in reddish yellow mud field, amount of nitrogen is with 165.0kg/hm
2for the highest, early rice output reaches 5080.5 respectively, 5260.4,5140.5kg/hm
2; Under base manure and tillering fertilizer Different Fertilization ratio fertilizer application mode, early rice output with ratio be all the fertilizer application mode of 7:3 for the highest, be respectively 4690.0,5260.4,4849.1kg/hm
2.Wherein, take amount of nitrogen as 165.0kg/hm
2, base manure and tillering fertilizer Application Ratio be that the early rice output of 7:3 process is the highest, increases 754.9kg/hm than contrast
2.
Late rice yield is all 185.0kg/hm with amount of nitrogen
2for the highest, be respectively 7783.3,7860.7,8005.3kg/hm
2; Base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer applicating ratio are 5:4:1 fertilizer application mode rice yield for the highest, be respectively 7700.5,8005.3,7955.5kg/hm
2.Wherein, take amount of nitrogen as 185.0kg/hm
2, base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer Application Ratio be that the late rice yield of 5:4:1 process is the highest, increases 590.1kg/hm than contrast
2.
Paddy rice week annual production is with early rice amount of nitrogen 165.0kg/hm
2, late rice amount of nitrogen 185.0kg/hm
2the highest, paddy rice week annual production is respectively 12863.8,13145.8,13121.1kg/hm
2(table 2).Wherein, early rice take amount of nitrogen as 165.0kg/hm
2, base manure and tillering fertilizer Application Ratio be 7:3 process, late rice amount of nitrogen is 185.0kg/hm
2, base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer Application Ratio be that the paddy rice week annual production of 5:4:1 process is the highest, increases 1345.0kg/hm than the week annual production of contrast paddy rice
2.
Under the condition of table 2 reddish yellow mud field, morning, late rice Different Fertilization ratio rice yield are analyzed
(2) the nitrogenous fertilizer index of correlation of best Application Ratio early rice, late rice Different Fertilization amount
Known from table 1 and table 2, under the condition in purple wattenshlick field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that 6:4 can obtain the highest rice yield; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilizing amount is that 5:3:2 can obtain the highest rice yield.Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that 7:3 can obtain the highest rice yield; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilizing amount is that 5:4:1 can obtain the highest rice yield.
Following computing formula is taked to carry out the calculating of nitrogenous fertilizer index of correlation to early rice under purple wattenshlick field and reddish yellow mud field condition, late rice Different Fertilization amount:
Utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)=plant Atom percentage surpasses × plant amount of nitrogen sucking/amount of nitrogen × 100%;
Nitrogen fertilizer residual rate (%)=soil Atom percentage surpasses × total soil nitrogen amount × soil quality/amount of nitrogen × 100%;
Fertilizer recovery (%)=utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer (%)+nitrogen fertilizer residual rate (%)
Loss of nitrogen fertilizer rate (%)=100%-Fertilizer recovery (%)
Under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, adopt best Application Ratio, show its different amount of nitrogen index of correlation analysis result, early rice utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer presents the variation tendency of reduction with the increase of amount of nitrogen, and wherein, amount of nitrogen is 150.0kg/hm
2and 160.0kg/hm
2utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer comparatively amount of nitrogen be 170.0kg/hm
2increase by 24.09% and 6.77% respectively.Research confirms, the fertilizer nitrogen residual rate of each Nitrogen applications between 25.28% ~ 26.94%, but compares between each Nitrogen applications, and difference is not remarkable.Amount of nitrogen is 150.0kg/hm
2the fertilizer nitrogen rate of recovery to be significantly higher than amount of nitrogen be 170.0kg/hm
2, comparatively amount of nitrogen is 170.0kg/hm
2increase by 11.26%, fertilizer nitrogen percent of loss is significantly 170.0kg/hm lower than amount of nitrogen
2, comparatively amount of nitrogen is 170.0kg/hm
2reduce by 12.89% (table 3).At late rice Growing season, along with the increase of late rice amount of nitrogen, each process utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer nitrogen rate of recovery reduction trend slightly; Along with the increase of amount of nitrogen, late rice season fertilizer nitrogen residual rate and loss of nitrogen fertilizer rate also increase thereupon.
Fertilizer application mode (the early rice amount of nitrogen 180.0kg/hm traditional with local farmers
2, late rice amount of nitrogen 225.0kg/hm
2) compare, fertilizer application mode (the early rice amount of nitrogen 160.0kg/hm that double cropping rice gross yield is the highest
2, late rice amount of nitrogen 190.0kg/hm
2), two season crop to early, the availability week annual that applies nitrogenous fertilizer late rice season improves 3.15%, the fertilizer nitrogen residual rate anniversary reduces by 1.75%, and the Fertilizer recovery anniversary increases by 2.33%, and the loss of nitrogen fertilizer rate anniversary reduces by 2.71%.So while guarantee output, also to take into account the combined factors such as the availability of nitrogenous fertilizer, residual rate, the rate of recovery, percent of loss and consider, fertilizer application mode (the early rice amount of nitrogen 160.0kg/hm that the present invention purple wattenshlick field double cropping rice gross yield is the highest
2, late rice amount of nitrogen 190.0kg/hm
2) be optimum way.
The best Application Ratio early rice in the purple wattenshlick field of table 3, late rice different nitrogen fertilizing amount index of correlation analyze (San Xianhu town, Nan County, 2012)
Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, adopt best Application Ratio, show the analysis result of its different amount of nitrogen index of correlation, early rice utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer presents the variation tendency of reduction with the increase of amount of nitrogen, and wherein, amount of nitrogen is 157.5kg/hm
2and 165.0kg/hm
2utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer comparatively amount of nitrogen be 170.0kg/hm
2increase by 19.97% and 6.90% respectively.Result of study shows, the fertilizer nitrogen residual rate of each Nitrogen applications between 25.91% ~ 28.25%, but compares between each Nitrogen applications, and difference is not remarkable.Amount of nitrogen is 157.5kg/hm
2the fertilizer nitrogen rate of recovery to be significantly higher than amount of nitrogen be 170.0kg/hm
2, comparatively amount of nitrogen is 170.0kg/hm
2increase by 9.75%, fertilizer nitrogen percent of loss is significantly 170.0kg/hm lower than amount of nitrogen
2, comparatively amount of nitrogen is 170.0kg/hm
2reduce by 13.45% (table 4).At late rice Growing season, along with the increase of late rice amount of nitrogen, each process utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizer nitrogen rate of recovery reduction trend slightly; Along with the increase of amount of nitrogen, late rice season fertilizer nitrogen residual rate and loss of nitrogen fertilizer rate also increase thereupon.
Fertilizer application mode (the early rice amount of nitrogen 180.0kg/hm traditional with local farmers
2, late rice amount of nitrogen 225.0kg/hm
2) compare, fertilizer application mode (the early rice amount of nitrogen 165.0kg/hm that double cropping rice gross yield is the highest
2, late rice amount of nitrogen 185.0kg/hm
2), two season crop to early, the availability week annual that applies nitrogenous fertilizer late rice season improves 3.01%, the fertilizer nitrogen residual rate anniversary reduces by 1.55%, and the Fertilizer recovery anniversary increases by 2.49%, and the loss of nitrogen fertilizer rate anniversary reduces by 2.86%.So while guarantee output, also to take into account the combined factors such as utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, residual rate, the rate of recovery, percent of loss and consider, fertilizer application mode (the early rice amount of nitrogen 165.0kg/hm that reddish yellow mud field of the present invention double cropping rice gross yield is the highest
2, late rice amount of nitrogen 185.0kg/hm
2) be optimum way.
The best Application Ratio early rice in table 4 reddish yellow mud field, late rice different nitrogen fertilizing amount index of correlation analyze (Changsha, 2012)
3, the present invention is directed to morning, late rice is plant the nitrogen application mode of groping out under the many factors actings in conjunction such as weather affect according to the different soil regime of Dongting Lake double-ridged horn and double rice cropping system in the application process improving utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, be particularly suitable for early rice and the rice cultivation of double cropping rice main producing region, the all annual productions of early rice and late rice yield and paddy rice can be increased to greatest extent, improve utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer, reduce amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer, the loss of nitrogenous fertilizer in rice field.
4, utilize technical solution of the present invention can to early, late rice two season paddy rice carry out effective nitrogen fertilizing, thus high-yield and high-efficiency can be reached, economize on resources, reduce production cost, reduce the effects such as ecological pollution.Therefore, the present invention has significant economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Be intended to further illustrate the present invention below in conjunction with embodiment, and unrestricted the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention adopts the method for field experiment to carry out on Nan County, Hunan Province and the domestic purple wattenshlick field of Changsha and two kinds, the reddish yellow mud field soil texture in March, 2012-November simultaneously, Nan County experimental field belongs to subtropics and is transitioned into monsoon climate, annual rainfall 1200 ~ 1700mm, year-round average temperature 16 ~ 18 DEG C, the active accumulated temperature of >=10 DEG C 5000 ~ 5800 DEG C, year sunshine duration 1295.9h, frost-free season 260-310d, belongs to typical subtropical climate; Changsha experimental field belongs to subtropics monsoon humid climate, annual rainfall 1200 ~ 1700mm, average temperature of the whole year 16 ~ 18 DEG C, the active accumulated temperature of >=10 DEG C 5000 ~ 5800 DEG C, annual sunshine duration 1295.9h, frost-free season 260 ~ 310d.Two kinds of other rates of fertilizer of quality soil (except amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer) are with existing conventional application method; Be mound two excellent 211 for examination early-paddy brown rice, Varieties In Late Rice is Feng Yuan excellent 299, and early, late rice rice varieties is locality and promotes mainly high yielding variety.The aspect that following examples are mainly effectively distributed from amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer is described in detail, and wherein adopted nitrogenous fertilizer is urea (in urea, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 46%).
Early rice was sowed on March 24th, 2012, and April 21 transplanted, and July 11 gathered in the crops; Late rice was sowed on June 15th, 2012, and July 13 transplanted, and October 17 gathered in the crops.
Embodiment 1:
The nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the ripe balance high yield of double cropping paddy rice two of the present invention, the detailed step of this application process is as follows:
A, with purity nitrogen gauge, early rice, the total consumption of late rice two anniversary in season nitrogenous fertilizer are 330.0kg/hm
2; The sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons is planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Wherein under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 150.0kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 180.0kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 157.5kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 172.5kg/hm
2;
Adopt nitrogenous fertilizer to be urea (in urea, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 46%); Turn in two season crop lands for growing field crops, when transplanting front, except applying nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of other fertilizer with existing routine techniques, other fertilizer nutrients are turned in two season crop lands for growing field crops with the nitrogenous fertilizer as base manure, transplant before disposable deep layer apply;
In b, step a under the condition of purple wattenshlick field early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 90.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 6:4
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 60.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2), base manure is turned in land for growing field crops, front disposable deep layer applies when transplanting front, and tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to carry out surface fertilizing early stage; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three amounts of application is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 90.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 5:3:2
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 54.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 36.0kg/hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2);
Wherein, early rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 90.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in early rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply; Late rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 90.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in late rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply;
In c, step a under the condition of reddish yellow mud field early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 110.25kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 7:3
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 47.25kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2), base manure is turned in land for growing field crops, front disposable deep layer applies when transplanting front, and tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to carry out surface fertilizing early stage; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three amounts of application is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 86.25kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 5:4:1
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 69.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 17.25kg/hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2);
Wherein, early rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 110.25kg/hm of base manure
2turn in early rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply; Late rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 86.25kg/hm of base manure
2turn in late rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply).
Respectively in morning, late rice maturing stage, carry out mensuration rice yield in Zhong Duige experimental plot, experimental field.Operate according to the fertilizing method of embodiment 1, under the condition of purple wattenshlick field: early rice output is 4600.0kg/hm
2, late rice yield is 7775.0kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field: early rice output is 4690.0kg/hm
2, late rice yield is 7700.5kg/hm
2.
Embodiment 2:
The nitrogenous fertilizer anniversary application process of the ripe balance high yield of double cropping paddy rice two of the present invention, the detailed step of this application process is as follows:
A, with purity nitrogen gauge, early rice, the total consumption of late rice two anniversary in season nitrogenous fertilizer are 350.0kg/hm
2; The sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons is planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Wherein under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 160.0kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 190.0kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 165.0kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 185.0kg/hm
2;
Adopt nitrogenous fertilizer to be urea (in urea, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 46%); Turn in two season crop lands for growing field crops, when transplanting front, except applying nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of other fertilizer with existing routine techniques, other fertilizer nutrients are turned in two season crop lands for growing field crops with the nitrogenous fertilizer as base manure, transplant before disposable deep layer apply;
In b, step a under the condition of purple wattenshlick field early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 96.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 6:4
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 64.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2), base manure is turned in land for growing field crops, front disposable deep layer applies when transplanting front, and tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to carry out surface fertilizing early stage; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three amounts of application is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 95.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 5:3:2
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 57.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 38.0kg/hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2);
Wherein, early rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 96.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in early rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply; Late rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 95.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in late rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply);
In c, step a under the condition of reddish yellow mud field early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 115.5kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 7:3
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 49.5kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2), base manure is turned in land for growing field crops, front disposable deep layer applies when transplanting front, and tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to carry out surface fertilizing early stage; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three amounts of application is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 92.5kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 5:4:1
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 74.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 18.5kg/hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2);
Wherein, early rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 115.5kg/hm of base manure
2turn in early rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply; Late rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 92.5kg/hm of base manure
2turn in late rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply).
Respectively in morning, late rice maturing stage, carry out mensuration rice yield in Zhong Duige experimental plot, experimental field.Operate according to the fertilizing method of embodiment 1, under the condition of purple wattenshlick field: early rice output is 5171.4kg/hm
2, late rice yield is 8083.3kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field: early rice output is 5260.4kg/hm
2, late rice yield is 8005.3kg/hm
2.
Embodiment 3:
A, with purity nitrogen gauge, early rice, the total consumption of late rice two anniversary in season nitrogenous fertilizer are 370.0kg/hm
2; The sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons is planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Wherein under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 170.0kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 200.0kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 170.0kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 200.0kg/hm
2;
Adopt nitrogenous fertilizer to be urea (in urea, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 46%); Turn in two season crop lands for growing field crops, when transplanting front, except applying nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of other fertilizer with existing routine techniques, other fertilizer nutrients are turned in two season crop lands for growing field crops with the nitrogenous fertilizer as base manure, transplant before disposable deep layer apply;
In b, step a under the condition of purple wattenshlick field early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 102.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 6:4
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 68.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2), base manure is turned in land for growing field crops, front disposable deep layer applies when transplanting front, and tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to carry out surface fertilizing early stage; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three amounts of application is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 100.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 5:3:2
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 60.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 40.0kg/hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2);
Wherein, early rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 102.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in early rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply; Late rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 100.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in late rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply;
In c, step a under the condition of reddish yellow mud field early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 119.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 7:3
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 51.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2), base manure is turned in land for growing field crops, front disposable deep layer applies when transplanting front, and tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to carry out surface fertilizing early stage; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three amounts of application is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 100.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 5:4:1
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 80.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 20.0kg/hm as the amount of application of ear manuer
2);
Wherein, early rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 119.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in early rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply; Late rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 100.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in late rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable deep layer apply.
Respectively in morning, late rice maturing stage, carry out mensuration rice yield in Zhong Duige experimental plot, experimental field.Operate according to the fertilizing method of embodiment 1, under the condition of purple wattenshlick field: early rice output is 4757.1kg/hm
2, late rice yield is 8028.3kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field: early rice output is 4849.1kg/hm
2, late rice yield is 7955.5kg/hm
2.
Reference examples 1:
A, with local farmers traditional fertilization for contrast, calculate pure nitrogen level, early rice, the total consumption of late rice two anniversary in season nitrogenous fertilizer are 405.0kg/hm
2; The sendout of nitrogenous fertilizer between two seasons is planned strategies for because of soil texture difference; Wherein under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 180.0kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 225.0kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 180.0kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 225.0kg/hm
2;
Adopt nitrogenous fertilizer to be urea (in urea, the mass percentage of nitrogen is 46%); Turn in two season crop lands for growing field crops, when transplanting front, except applying nitrogenous fertilizer, the amount of application of other fertilizer with existing routine techniques, other fertilizer nutrients are turned in two season crop lands for growing field crops with the nitrogenous fertilizer as base manure, transplant before disposable combination harrow a field and apply;
In b, step a under the condition of purple wattenshlick field early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 108.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 6:4
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 72.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2), base manure is turned in land for growing field crops, transplant before disposable combination harrow a field and apply, tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to carry out surface fertilizing early stage; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure and the fertilising of tillering fertilizer secondary, and the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 135.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 6:4
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 90.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2);
Wherein, early rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 108.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in early rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable combination harrow a field and apply; Late rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 135.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in late rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable combination harrow a field and apply;
In c, step a under the condition of reddish yellow mud field early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divide base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 108.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 6:4
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 72.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2), base manure is turned in land for growing field crops, transplant before disposable combination harrow a field and apply, tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to carry out surface fertilizing early stage; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure and the fertilising of tillering fertilizer secondary, and the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer secondary amount of application is that (namely nitrogenous fertilizer is 135.0kg/hm as the amount of application of base manure to 6:4
2, nitrogenous fertilizer is 90.0kg/hm as the amount of application of tillering fertilizer
2);
Wherein, early rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 108.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in early rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable combination harrow a field and apply; Late rice season is as the nitrogenous fertilizer 135.0kg/hm of base manure
2turn in late rice land for growing field crops with other fertilizer nutrients, transplant before disposable combination harrow a field and apply.
Respectively in morning, late rice maturing stage, carry out mensuration rice yield in Zhong Duige experimental plot, experimental field.Operate according to the fertilizing method of embodiment 4, under the condition of purple wattenshlick field: early rice output is 4407.5kg/hm
2, late rice yield is 7500.7kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field: early rice output is 4505.5kg/hm
2, late rice yield is 7415.2kg/hm
2.
Claims (2)
1. a fertilizing method for southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer, is characterized in that, under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 160kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 190kg/hm
2; Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, early rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 165kg/hm
2, late rice season amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer be 185kg/hm
2; Amount of application all with purity nitrogen gauge,
Under the condition of purple wattenshlick field, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divides base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising early rice season, and the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is 6:4; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilizing amount is 5:3:2;
Under the condition of reddish yellow mud field, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divides base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising early rice season, and the ratio of base manure and tillering fertilizer administered twice amount is 7:3; Late rice season, amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer divided base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, and the ratio of base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilizing amount is 5:4:1.
2. the fertilizing method of southern double cropping paddy rice efficiency utilization nitrogenous fertilizer according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: early rice quaternary nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer dosage divides base manure and tillering fertilizer twice fertilising, wherein base manure adopts the method for deep placement, apply during whole ground before transplanting, adopt rotovator or small tractor to plough, ploughing depth reaches 15 ~ 20 centimetres, carries out raking of face, field after ploughing, fertilizer is mixed with soil, keeps shallow water to treat transplanting rice; Tillering fertilizer tillers in early rice to apply fertilizer early stage, spreads fertilizer over the fields in surface, rice field in conjunction with preventing and killing weeds in rice field after fertilizer and weed killer herbicide being mixed; Late rice quaternary nitrogen nutriment in a fertilizer dosage divides base manure, tillering fertilizer and ear manuer three fertilisings, wherein base manure adopts the method for deep placement, apply during whole ground before transplanting, rotovator or small tractor is adopted to plough, ploughing depth reaches 15 ~ 20 centimetres, carry out raking of face, field after ploughing, fertilizer is mixed with soil, keep shallow water to treat transplanting rice; Tillering fertilizer is tillered late rice and is applied fertilizer early stage, spreads fertilizer over the fields in surface, rice field in conjunction with preventing and killing weeds in rice field after fertilizer and weed killer herbicide being mixed; Ear manuer applied fertilizer in conjunction with irrigation in the late rice ear differentiation puberty, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer in rice field.
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