TWI453946B - 具有磷波長轉換的光發射裝置 - Google Patents
具有磷波長轉換的光發射裝置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- TWI453946B TWI453946B TW101119190A TW101119190A TWI453946B TW I453946 B TWI453946 B TW I453946B TW 101119190 A TW101119190 A TW 101119190A TW 101119190 A TW101119190 A TW 101119190A TW I453946 B TWI453946 B TW I453946B
- Authority
- TW
- Taiwan
- Prior art keywords
- light
- phosphor
- emitting device
- light emitting
- substrate
- Prior art date
Links
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 245
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 112
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 claims description 53
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 41
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Propenoic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 150000004645 aluminates Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005424 photoluminescence Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002223 garnet Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007641 inkjet printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007650 screen-printing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)ethanamine Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(C)C=C1CCN SMZOUWXMTYCWNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 31
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- 235000012431 wafers Nutrition 0.000 description 15
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- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 9
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910002601 GaN Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
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- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000009877 rendering Methods 0.000 description 3
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012780 transparent material Substances 0.000 description 3
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium nitride Chemical compound [Ga]#N JMASRVWKEDWRBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 2
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000254158 Lampyridae Species 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LMFWXTZEFKLNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.P.P Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.P.P LMFWXTZEFKLNSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ruthenium Chemical compound [Ru] KJTLSVCANCCWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce] GWXLDORMOJMVQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000420 cerium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000004456 color vision Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M decanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC([O-])=O GHVNFZFCNZKVNT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- DQUIAMCJEJUUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibismuth;dioxido(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Bi+3].[Bi+3].[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O.[O-][Si]([O-])=O DQUIAMCJEJUUJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N mercury Chemical compound [Hg] QSHDDOUJBYECFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052753 mercury Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoceriooxy)cerium Chemical compound [Ce]=O.O=[Ce]=O BMMGVYCKOGBVEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000059 patterning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- CBXWGGFGZDVPNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N so4-so4 Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O CBXWGGFGZDVPNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tellanylidenegermanium Chemical compound [Te]=[Ge] JBQYATWDVHIOAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SITVSCPRJNYAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L tellurite Chemical compound [O-][Te]([O-])=O SITVSCPRJNYAGV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/20—Light sources comprising attachment means
- F21K9/23—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings
- F21K9/232—Retrofit light sources for lighting devices with a single fitting for each light source, e.g. for substitution of incandescent lamps with bayonet or threaded fittings specially adapted for generating an essentially omnidirectional light distribution, e.g. with a glass bulb
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21K—NON-ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES USING LUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING ELECTROCHEMILUMINESCENCE; LIGHT SOURCES USING CHARGES OF COMBUSTIBLE MATERIAL; LIGHT SOURCES USING SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES AS LIGHT-GENERATING ELEMENTS; LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21K9/00—Light sources using semiconductor devices as light-generating elements, e.g. using light-emitting diodes [LED] or lasers
- F21K9/60—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction
- F21K9/64—Optical arrangements integrated in the light source, e.g. for improving the colour rendering index or the light extraction using wavelength conversion means distinct or spaced from the light-generating element, e.g. a remote phosphor layer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V13/00—Producing particular characteristics or distribution of the light emitted by means of a combination of elements specified in two or more of main groups F21V1/00 - F21V11/00
- F21V13/12—Combinations of only three kinds of elements
- F21V13/14—Combinations of only three kinds of elements the elements being filters or photoluminescent elements, reflectors and refractors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
- F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
- F21V3/10—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by coatings
- F21V3/12—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by coatings the coatings comprising photoluminescent substances
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/30—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source
- F21V9/32—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source characterised by the arrangement of the photoluminescent material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V9/00—Elements for modifying spectral properties, polarisation or intensity of the light emitted, e.g. filters
- F21V9/30—Elements containing photoluminescent material distinct from or spaced from the light source
- F21V9/38—Combination of two or more photoluminescent elements of different materials
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L33/00—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L33/48—Semiconductor devices having potential barriers specially adapted for light emission; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof characterised by the semiconductor body packages
- H01L33/50—Wavelength conversion elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21V—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS OF LIGHTING DEVICES OR SYSTEMS THEREOF; STRUCTURAL COMBINATIONS OF LIGHTING DEVICES WITH OTHER ARTICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F21V3/00—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses
- F21V3/04—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings
- F21V3/06—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material
- F21V3/062—Globes; Bowls; Cover glasses characterised by materials, surface treatments or coatings characterised by the material the material being plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2103/00—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes
- F21Y2103/10—Elongate light sources, e.g. fluorescent tubes comprising a linear array of point-like light-generating elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES F21K, F21L, F21S and F21V, RELATING TO THE FORM OR THE KIND OF THE LIGHT SOURCES OR OF THE COLOUR OF THE LIGHT EMITTED
- F21Y2115/00—Light-generating elements of semiconductor light sources
- F21Y2115/10—Light-emitting diodes [LED]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0068—Arrangements of plural sources, e.g. multi-colour light sources
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0066—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form characterised by the light source being coupled to the light guide
- G02B6/0073—Light emitting diode [LED]
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Led Device Packages (AREA)
- Luminescent Compositions (AREA)
- Optical Filters (AREA)
Description
本發明係關於具有磷波長轉換的光發射裝置。更明確地說,本具體實施例係關於發光二極體為基礎的發光系統,其具有磷(光致發光)波長轉換以產生光之一所需色彩及/或色溫。
Yi-Qun Li在2007年10月17日申請的標題為"具有磷波長轉換的光發射裝置(Light Emitting Device with Phosphor Wavelength Conversion)"的美國專利申請案第11/975,130號(律師檔案號碼ITMX-00225US0)。
固態半導體裝置(尤其係發光二極體(LED))的發展已開啟新一代節能發光系統的可能。直至以電磁頻譜之藍色/紫外線部分發射的LED係開發,開發基於LED的白色光源("白色LED")才變得實際。
例如US 5,998,925中所教導,白色LED包括一或多個磷光體材料(其係光致發光材料),其吸收藉由LED晶片發射的輻射之一部分並重新發射一不同色彩(波長)之光。一般而言,該LED晶片或晶粒產生藍色光並且該(等)磷光體吸收一百分比之藍色光並重新發射黃色光或綠色光與紅色光、綠色光與黃色光或黃色光與紅色光之一組合。未藉由該磷光體吸收的藉由該LED產生之藍色光之部分(即,藉由該磷光體發射之部分)係與藉由該磷光體發射之光組合並提供人眼看起來係幾乎白色的光。磷光體層通常係(例如)
相鄰或緊鄰該LED晶粒/晶片之一光發射表面來置放,該等磷光體層自其獲得其激發能量。通常,該磷光體層係直接塗布至該LED晶粒上以實現照明產物的所需強度與色彩。
如所知,一白色光源之相關色溫(CCT)係藉由比較其色調與一理論加熱黑體輻射器來決定。CCT係以開氏溫度(K)指定並對應於輻射與該光源相同的白色光之色調的黑體輻射器之溫度。一白色LED之CCT一般係藉由該磷光體組成物及併入該LED中之磷光體的量來決定。
今天,大部分使用LED的發光器具設計包含其中一LED(更通常的係一LED陣列,其用以實現產生的光之一所需強度)取代傳統系統組件(例如白熾燈泡、汞汽及小型螢光燈)的系統。在旨在產生一白色光照明產物之發光系統的情況下,該等LED可包含紅色、綠色及藍色直射光產生LED(即,不包括一波長轉換磷光體材料的LED)之一陣列或最近係白色LED之一陣列。
如US 6,350,041、WO 2004/100226及吾人之共同待審美國專利申請案11/827,890與11/714,464中所揭示,可遠離其關聯激發源來提供該磷光體材料。
US 6,350,041教導基於一LED之一固態燈,其徑向發射分散光以用於室內照明及其他應用。該燈包含諸如一LED或雷射之一固態光源,其透過一分離器將光傳輸至一分散器,該分散器以一所需圖案來分散該光及/或改變光的色彩。在一具體實施例中,該光源包含一藍色光發射LED,該分離器係一光導管或光纖裝置,而該分散器徑向地分散
該光並將某些藍色光轉換至黃色以產生一白色光照明產物。該分離器將該LED自該分散器分隔一充分距離,以使得當按室內照明所必需來以提高的電流操作該LED時來自該LED的熱不會傳送至該分散器。此一燈可以許多圖案來分散光,但尤其適用於用於室內照明的白色光之一徑向分散,從而致能該燈在既有燈具與發光器具中係用作一替代性光源。
2007年7月13日申請的序號為11/827,890的吾人之共同待審美國專利申請案教導其中該磷光體材料係遠離其關聯激發源(LED)定位的LED發光/照明系統/器具或燈具。藉由該LED產生的光係經由一波導媒體運輸至該磷光體材料並將激發輻射提供至該(等)磷光體及/或磷光體層,從而引起一光致發光。來自該(等)磷光體的光可包含最終照明產物,或可將其與來自該激發源之任何可見光相組合(例如,其可在一藍色LED作為該激發源之情況下發生)。該最終照明產物可以係白色光或任何色彩的光。可將該波導組態成一發光系統的形狀,例如一懸掛式發光器具、一台式發光器具、一落地式發光器具、一檯燈、軌道照明、聚光照明、重點照明或用於併入至一懸吊天花板中之一發光面板。在該發光面板組態中,該波導係實質上平面形式並具有提供於該波導之整個光發射面上的磷光體。藉由複數個LED產生的激發輻射係耦合至該波導之一或多個邊緣中以便實質上在整個波導中傳播並接著係透過該光發射面發射,其中該激發輻射之至少一部分激發發射一第二波長之光的磷光
體。為了防止光透過該面板的後部面損失,在該波導的後部面(即,與該光發射面相對之面)上提供一反射層。
2007年5月3日申請的美國專利申請案序號11/714,464教導其中該磷光體係提供於遠離該激發源(LED)定位之一遮蔽物上的發光器具與系統。該遮蔽物(光學外殼)經組態用以至少部分地圍繞該LED以使得激發輻射在自由空間中(即,其並不藉由一光學媒體來導引)行進、傳播自該激發源至該遮蔽物的至少一釐米之一距離。可將該磷光體提供於該遮蔽物之內表面或外表面上或併入至該遮蔽材料內。在一具體實施例中,該發光系統包含一艙壁燈,其包含一含有一或多個LED的外罩,而該遮蔽物包含一前窗,其覆蓋外罩開口。由一不透明材料製成的外罩包括反射內表面以用於朝向該遮蔽物反射光。
WO 2004/100226揭示一LED面板燈,其包含裝載複數個UV(ultraviolet;紫外線)發射LED之一外殼與包含一或多個UV可激發磷光體材料之一可卸除前光發射面板。因為一磷光體材料產生在所有方向上相等輻射(各向同性)的光,故某些磷光體產生的光將係導回至該外殼中。為了防止此類光進入該外殼並係損失,該前面板在其內部表面上包括一塗層,其對該LED之波長而言係透射性而對藉由該(等)磷光體產生的波長而言係反射性。此外,為了防止非轉換的UV光之流過,該前面板可在其外部表面上包括一第二塗層,其反射UV光並透射藉由該(等)磷光體產生的光。該文件還說明類似一標準白熾燈泡之一發光系統,其
中在該燈泡包絡之內表面上包括一或多個磷光體材料。
雖然此類發光系統設計可具有一些客戶可接受的所示特性(例如,諸如強度、色溫及色覺之特性),但仍需要基於甚至更高效率的固態組件之一發光系統。
本發明力圖提供一具有磷波長轉換的光發射裝置,其至少部分地克服已知裝置的限制。本發明之具體實施例係關於包含一激發源(例如,其可以係一LED或一雷射二極體)與包括一或多個磷光體(光致發光)材料之一光發射表面的光發射裝置。來自該激發源之光提供一激發輻射至該(等)磷光體從而引起一光致發光。與來自該激發源之光組合的藉由該磷光體所產生之光包含該裝置之照明產物。與已知裝置形成對比,該光發射區域進一步包含一或多個區域(窗),其不包括磷光體材料並且其對藉由該磷光體與藉由該激發源產生的兩種光而言係實質上透明。此類窗藉由最大化由該裝置發射的光來改良該裝置之效率。
依據本發明,一光發射裝置包含:至少一激發源(例如一或多個藍色發光二極體),其可操作以產生一第一波長範圍之激發光;以及一光發射表面,其具有至少一磷光體材料,該磷光體材料吸收該激發光之至少一部分並發射一第二波長範圍之光,其中藉由該裝置發射的光包含藉由該光發射表面發射的第一波長範圍與第二波長範圍之組合光,其特徵為該光發射表面具有不包括該至少一磷光體材料的至少一窗區域,該窗區域對第一波長與第二波長之光
係實質上透明。
該光發射表面較佳的係包含一透明基板(例如一丙烯酸、聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯或玻璃材料),其對第一波長與第二波長之光係實質上透明並且在其一表面上具有該至少一磷光體材料。該磷光體材料可包含磷光體區(島)之一陣列(圖案),其中磷光體區之間的間隙定義該至少一窗區域。為了確保發射的光之一均勻色彩及/或色溫,磷光體區之圖案較佳的係實質上均勻地分佈於該光發射表面之實質上整個區域上。在其中磷光體區之陣列包含正方形磷光體區之一規則陣列的一此類配置中,該窗區域將係柵格狀形式並係分佈於該光發射表面上。例如,該等磷光體區可以係實質上多邊形、正方形、圓形、橢圓形、三角形或矩形的形狀。相反,該磷光體材料可覆蓋整個光發射表面並包括窗區域之一陣列。為了確保發射的光之一均勻色彩及/或色溫,窗區域之圖案較佳的係實質上均勻地分佈於該光發射表面之實質上整個區域上。如該等磷光體區,該等窗區域可以係(例如)實質上多邊形、正方形、圓形、橢圓形、三角形或矩形的形狀。磷光體區及/或窗區域之陣列可以係一規則或不規則圖案。
可將該基板組態為一光學組件,該激發光與磷光體產生的光透過其傳遞。替代地,可將該基板組態為一波導(光導)媒體並且該激發源可經組態用以將激發光耦合至該基板中。在一此類配置中,該基板係實質上平面形式並且該激發光係耦合至該基板之一邊緣之至少一部分中。較佳的
係,該裝置在與該光發射表面相對的基板之表面之至少一部分上進一步包含一反射器以幫助確保實質上所有光都係自該光發射表面發射。為了促進光自該光發射表面的發射,該基板之光發射表面可包括一表面拓撲,例如一表面圖案化。可藉由雷射或機械切割該基板表面,模製該基板以包括該表面拓撲或粗糙化該表面來定義該表面拓撲。該基板可包含其他波導形式(例如係伸長或圓柱形式),其中該光發射表面係該波導之一實質上平坦面或彎曲表面。
在需要產生一特定色彩及/或CCT之光之處,該光發射表面較佳的係包含至少兩個不同磷光體材料之一圖案。可使用磷光體組成物、磷光體材料的密度及該等磷光體材料與窗區域之相對總面積來控制該發射的光之色彩及/或CCT。
對於旨在產生具有一高CRI(演色性指數)的白色光之一光發射裝置而言,該裝置可進一步包含一或多個LED,其可操作以產生一第三波長範圍之光,該光有助於由該裝置藉由該光發射表面發射的光。在一配置中,藍色LED係用以激發一綠色發射磷光體材料而橙色或紅色LED係用以產生最終發射產物之橙色或紅色光成分。應明白,在此一配置中,該發射產物包含紅色(R)、綠色(G)及藍色(B)成分。較佳的係,藍色LED與橙色或紅色LED晶片之比率係實質上二比一以確保該綠色光供給足以實現一需要的CRI。應明白,在此一配置中,藉由該等橙色或紅色LED產生之光並不導致該磷光體之激發並且此類光係發射透過光發射磷光體表面中之一或多個窗區域。在一替代性配置中,可使
用藍色LED來激發一橙色或紅色發射磷光體並且可使用一或多個綠色發射LED晶片來供給綠色光至該發射產物。
該磷光體材料可包含:一以矽酸鹽為主的磷光體;一以鋁酸鹽為主的磷光體;一以氮化物為主的磷光體材料;一以硫酸鹽為主的磷光體材料;一以氮氧化物為主的磷光體;一以硫酸氧鹽為主的磷光體;一石榴石材料;一般組成物A3
Si(OD)5
之一以矽酸鹽為主的磷光體,其中Si係矽、O係氧、A包含鍶(Sr)、鋇(Ba)、鎂(Mg)或鈣(Ca)而D包含氯(Cl)、氟(F)、氮(N)或硫(S);一般組成物A2
Si(OD)4
之一以矽酸鹽為主的磷光體,其中A包含Sr、Ba、Mg或Ca而D包含Cl、F、N或S;或化學式M1-x
Eux
Aly
O[1+3y/2]
之一以鋁酸鹽為主的磷光體,其中M係包含Ba、Sr、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cd、Sm或銩(Tm)之二價金屬之至少一者。
依據本發明之另一態樣,一光發射裝置包含:一外殼,其具有一反射內表面;至少一激發源,其係裝載於該外殼內並可操作以產生一第一波長範圍之激發光;以及一光發射表面,其覆蓋該外殼之開口並具有至少一磷光體材料,該磷光體材料吸收該激發光之至少一部分並發射一第二波長範圍之光,其中藉由該裝置發射的光包含藉由該光發射表面發射的第一波長範圍與第二波長範圍之組合光,其特徵為該光發射表面具有不包括該至少一磷光體材料的至少一區域,該區域對第一波長與第二波長之光係實質上透明從而允許激發光之一部分與反射的磷光體產生的光通過該光發射表面。
圖1與2分別係依據本發明之一白色光發射發光面板10的透視圖與斷面示意圖。該發光面板10旨在用於常用於辦公室與商用住所中的一類型之一懸吊(吊頂)天花板中,其中支撐部件(T條)之一柵格係藉由纜線自天花板懸吊而天花板磚/發光面板係藉由支撐部件之柵格來支撐。一般而言,該等天花板磚係正方形(2英尺×2英尺,60 cm×60 cm)或矩形(4英尺×2英尺,120 cm×60 cm)形狀,並且本發明之發光面板經組態用以擬合於此一孔徑內。
該發光面板10包含一背光單元12與一光發射磷光體面板14。該背光單元12包含一光箱16,其係(例如)自薄片金屬製成,自一塑膠材料模製而成或自任何其他適合材料建構而成。為了最大化來自該發光面板的光發射,該光箱16之內表面18較佳的係包含光反射表面以朝向該光發射面板14反射光。在該光箱16內提供發光二極體(LED)20之一陣列。各LED 20皆可操作以產生波長λ1
之光22並且各較佳的係包含一以InGaN/GaN(氮化銦鎵/氮化鎵)為主的LED晶片,其產生波長400至480 nm之藍色光。說明九個LED晶片20之一正方形陣列,不過應明白可修改該等LED之數目與布局以適應一需要的應用。如將說明,藉由該等LED 20產生之光22提供兩個功能:首先其包含最終照明產物32之一部分;以及其次其提供激發輻射以用於激發該磷光體面板14之磷光體材料。鑑於後者功能,下文中該光22將係稱為激發光。
該光發射磷光體面板14包含一透明基板24(例如,一丙烯酸薄片),在一下方表面(即,面向該等LED的基板之表面)上提供磷光體材料(光致發光材料)26之一層。在其他配置中,該透明基板24可包含其他透明材料,例如一聚碳酸酯、聚乙烯或玻璃。該磷光體材料26可包含能夠藉由該激發光22來激發的任何光致發光材料,例如以矽酸鹽、正矽酸鹽、氮化物、氮氧化物、硫酸鹽、硫酸氧鹽、石榴石或鋁酸鹽為主的磷光體材料。在較佳具體實施例中,該磷光體材料係一般組成物A3
Si(OD)5
或A2
Si(OD)4
之一以矽酸鹽為主的磷光體,其中Si係矽,O係氧,A包含鍶(Sr)、鋇(Ba)、鎂(Mg)或鈣(Ca)而D包含氯(Cl)、氟(F)、氮(N)或硫(S)。以矽酸鹽為主的磷光體之範例係吾人在2007年4月9日申請的共同待審的美國專利申請案US2006/0145123、US2006/028122、US2006/261309、US2007029526及11/786,044中予以揭示,各申請案之內容在此以引用方式併入本文中。
如在US2006/0145123中所教導,一銪(Eu2+
)活化的以矽酸鹽為主的綠色磷光體具有通式(Sr,A1
)x
(Si,A2
)(O,A3
)2+x
:Eu2+
,其中:A1
係一2+陽離子、1+與3+陽離子之一組合的至少一者,例如Mg、Ca、Ba、鋅(Zn)、鈉(Na)、鋰(Li)、鉍(Bi)、釔(Y)或鈰(Ce);A2
係一3+、4+或5+陽離子,例如硼(B)、鋁(Al)、鎵(Ga)、碳(C)、鍺(Ge)、N或磷(P);以及A3
係一1-、2-或3-陰離子,例如F、Cl、溴(Br)、N或S。化學式係書寫以指示A1
陽離子取代Sr;該A2
陽離子取代Si;以
及該A3
陰離子取代O。x之值係一整數或在2.5與3.5之間的非整數。
US2006/028122揭示具有一化學式A2
SiO4
:Eu2+
D之一以矽酸鹽為主的黃綠色磷光體,其中A係一二價金屬之至少一者,其包含Sr、Ca、Ba、Mg、Zn或鎘(Cd);以及D係一摻雜物,其包含F、Cl、Br、碘(I)、P、S及N。該摻雜物D可按範圍係自大約0.01至20莫爾百分比之一數量存在於該磷光體中。該磷光體可包含(Sr1-x-y
Bax
My
)SiO4
:Eu2+
F,其中M包含Ca、Mg、Zn或Cd。
U52006/261309教導一兩相位以矽酸鹽為主的磷光體,其具有:一第一相位,其具有與(M1)2
SiO4
之晶體結構實質上相同之一晶體結構;以及一第二相位,其具有與(M2)3
SiO5
之晶體結構實質上相同之一晶體結構,其中M1與M2各包含Sr、Ba、Mg、Ca或Zn。至少一相位係以二價銪(Eu2+
)活化並且該等相位之至少一者包含一摻雜物D,該摻雜物包含F、Cl、Br、S或N。咸信至少某些該等摻雜物原子係位於主矽酸鹽晶體之氧原子晶格位置上。
US2007/029526揭示具有化學式(Sr1-x
Mx
)y
Euz
SiO5
之一以矽酸鹽為主的橙色磷光體,其中M係包含Ba、Mg、Ca或Zn之一二價金屬之至少一者;0<x<0.5;2.6<y<3.3;以及0.001<z<0.5。該磷光體經組態用以發射具有大於大約565 nm之一峰值發射波長的可見光。
11/786,044教導通式(A1
A2
)3
(SiB1
)(OC1
)5
之一橙紅色磷光體,其中A1
與A2
各包含Sr、Ba、Mg、Ca、Zn、Y、鑭
(La)、鐠(Pr)、釤(Sm)或Bi,B1
包含Al、B、P、或Ge而C1
包含F、Cl、Br、S或N。
該磷光體亦可包含一以鋁酸鹽為主的材料,例如在吾人之共同待審的專利申請案US2006/0158090與US2006/0027786中所教導,各申請案之內容在此以引用方式併入本文中。
US2006/0158090教導化學式M1-x
Eux
Aly
O[1+3y/2]
之一以鋁酸鹽為主的綠色磷光體,其中M係包含Ba、Sr、Ca、Mg、Mn、Zn、Cu、Cd、Sm及銩(Tm)之二價金屬之至少一者且其中0.1<x<0.9且0.51y12。
US2006/0027786揭示具有化學式(M1-x
Eux
)2-z
Mgz
Aly
O[1+3y/2]
之一以鋁酸鹽為主的磷光體,其中M係Ba或Sr之一二價金屬之至少一者。在一組成物中,該磷光體經組態用以吸收範圍係自大約280 nm至420 nm之一波長中的輻射,並用以發射具有範圍係自大約420 nm至560 nm之一波長的可見光,並且0.05<x<0.5或0.2<x<0.5;31y12且0.81z12。該磷光體可進一步以一鹵素摻雜物H(例如Cl、Br或I)來摻雜並可屬於一般組成物(M1-x
Eux
)2-z
Mg2
Aly
O[1+3y/2]
:H。
應明白,該磷光體並不限於本文中說明的範例,並可包含任何無機磷光體材料,其包括(例如)氮化物與硫酸鹽磷光體材料、氮氧化物與硫酸氧鹽磷光體或石榴石材料。
圖3係該光發射磷光體面板14之一平面圖。在所說明的具體實施例中,該磷光體層26在該面板之整個表面上包含磷光體材料之一均勻層並具有不包括磷光體材料的圓形區域28之一規則陣列(圖案)。該等圓形區域28構成光發射磷
光體面板14內的窗或孔徑之一陣列或圖案。可藉由將該磷光體材料與一黏合劑(例如,NAZDAR的透明網版油墨9700)之一混合物網版印刷至該透明基板24之表面上來製造光發射磷光體面板14。應明白,可藉由其他沈積方法(例如噴灑、噴墨印刷等等)來產生該磷光體圖案。為了保護該磷光體圖案26,可將該面板14黏著至該背光單元12並使該磷光體圖案26面向該等LED 20。在其他配置中,該光發射磷光體面板可在該磷光體層上進一步包括一透明保護層或膜(未顯示)。
圖1與2之發光面板10經組態用以產生具有一7000 K之相關色溫(CCT)的冷白(CW)光,並且該磷光體材料26可包含(例如)產生波長λ2 500至540 nm之光之一以矽酸鹽為主的綠色光發射磷光體材料、產生波長λ2 540至580 nm之光之一石榴石或以矽酸鹽為主的黃色光發射磷光體、以矽酸鹽為主的綠色與橙色光發射磷光體之一混合物或以矽酸鹽為主的綠色與以氮化物為主的紅色光發射磷光體之一混合物。在操作中,藉由該等LED 20發射的激發光22照射該光發射磷光體面板14。該磷光體材料26吸收一比例之激發光22從而引起重新發射波長λ2
之綠色光30的磷光體之激發。自該面板之上部面(光發射表面)34發射的光32(其包含最終照明產物)係藉由該磷光體產生的綠色光(λ2
)與未藉由該磷光體吸收的藍色激發光(λ1
)之一組合,並且此對人眼將呈現為白色。藉由該磷光體吸收的藍色激發光22之比例將取決於每單位面積的磷光體材料之密度與該磷光體層26之厚
度。由於磷光體發光之各向同性性質所致,此意味著該磷光體將在返回至該發光面板中之一方向上發射其大約百分之五十的輻射。此類光將係藉由該光箱之反射內表面18反射回朝向該面板之光發射表面34。因為該等窗28對藉由該等LED發射之光(λ1
)與藉由該磷光體產生之光(λ2
)係透明的,故該等窗允許自該發光面板發射藍色光與綠色光兩者。本發明之光發射裝置之一優點係超過已知配置之一增強的光輸出並因此係改良的效率。本發明之另一優點係因為該磷光體材料係提供於與一併入一磷光體的LED相比較相對較大之一區域上,故此防止該磷光體材料的熱退化。
圖4a與4b係依據本發明之另外具體實施例的光發射磷光體面板14。在此等具體實施例中,該磷光體包含兩個不同磷光體材料之一圖案。對於要產生一選定CCT之一白色光的一發光面板而言,該磷光體材料可包含(例如)以矽酸鹽為主的綠色(500至540 nm)與橙色(575至610 nm)發射磷光體。在一較佳配置中,該磷光體面板包含綠色與紅色光發射磷光體之一圖案。
在圖4a中,該磷光體圖案包含交替磷光體材料之隔開的正方形區域之一規則(正方形)陣列,其中綠色磷光體區40係藉由實心正方形指示而橙色磷光體區42係藉由交叉斜線的正方形指示。在磷光體材料之正方形島之間的所有區域(即,不包含磷光體材料之區域)包含一窗28,其係柵格狀形式並係均勻地分佈於該面板之整個表面區域上。可藉由混和粉末狀磷光體材料與一透明網版油墨或透明油漆來網
版印刷該磷光體圖案。通常,磷光體在沈積的材料中之重量負載係在10與30%之間,不過其範圍可在1與99%之間,視所需照明產物而定。為了每單位面積沈積一充分密度的磷光體材料(例如0.02至0.04 g/cm2
),可能需要進行多回印刷進程(4至12個進程),進程數目視該印刷網版的網目大小。圖4a之磷光體圖案之一優點係因為該等磷光體區係隔開,故此防止在製造該面板期間不同磷光體材料之間的任何可能的交互作用。在旨在產生具有一改良演色性指數(CRI)的光之一替代性具體實施例中,該橙色光發射磷光體係藉由一紅色光發射磷光體予以取代。然而,由於紅色磷光體之更低效率所致,在藉由該面板發射之光的亮度方面可能存在一折衷。
在圖4b中,該磷光體圖案包含該兩個磷光體材料的正方形區之一規則陣列(一方格(棋盤)圖案),其中該等綠色磷光體區40係藉由實心正方形指示,該等橙色磷光體區42係藉由交叉斜線正方形指示,並且該等透明窗區28(即,不包含磷光體材料之區)係藉由加框正方形指示。與圖4a之具體實施例形成對比,該等磷光體區之轉角彼此鄰接。如所說明,綠色與橙色磷光體區係窗區的大約兩倍。方便的係,該磷光體圖案係網版印刷於一透明基板上,不過應明白可使用任何適合的沈積技術。熟習此項技術者應明白其他磷光體圖案,並且其他磷光體圖案將取決於所需照明產物並可包括(例如)形狀為多邊形、三角形、矩形、六邊形或不規則的窗區及/或磷光體區。此外,該等窗區及/或磷
光體區可包含規則或不規則圖案。該油墨或油漆中的磷光體之濃度、不同磷光體區之厚度與相對面積及該(等)窗區之面積與幾何形狀可以係最佳化以針對發射的光之一所需色彩實現最高光輸出效率。例如,在其他具體實施例中,各磷光體區可經組態用以吸收100%的激發光。此外,應明白為了產生一實質上均勻的照明產物,該等窗區與磷光體區應係實質上均勻地分佈於該面板之光發射表面上。
在替代性具體實施例中,可使用該透明基板24之一表面拓撲來定義該磷光體圖案。在一配置中,該表面拓撲定義一凹陷陣列以用於接收該一或多個磷光體材料。在此一配置中,該透明基板係藉由精度模製來製造並且一預先選定體積的磷光體/黏合劑混合物係使用(例如)如Asymtek所製造之一奈升大小的活塞型分配器頭來分配至各凹陷中。此外,該光發射面板之光發射表面34可額外包括一表面拓撲,其定義諸如一透鏡陣列或一透鏡結構的一或多個光學組件。同樣,可藉由該透明基板之精度模製來製造此一結構。
圖5與6a分別係依據本發明之另一具體實施例的一邊緣發光白色光發射發光面板510的透視圖與斷面示意圖。在此說明書中,前面係對應一給定具體實施例之第一圖號的類似參考數字係用以表示類似部分。例如,在圖5與6a中,圖1之光發射磷光體面板14係表示為514。
在此具體實施例中,該光發射磷光體面板514用作一波導(光導)媒體並導引來自邊緣發光單元512之LED 520的激
發光522。該光發射磷光體面板514包含透明材料(例如一丙烯酸材料)之一平面薄片524,該透明材料之尺寸係使得在該面板之周邊邊緣周圍包括該等邊緣發光單元512的發光面板會擬合至一標準懸吊天花板之一磚孔徑中。各邊緣發光單元512皆包含藍色發射LED晶片520之一線性陣列,該等晶片係沿一發光條536之長度來黏著。該發光條536提供至該等LED晶片520的電連接與藉由將熱傳導至該發光條之外表面的晶片之熱管理,該發光條可包括一系列散熱片(未顯示)以輔助熱自該發光面板之輻射。該發光條536之內表面(即,面向該透明波導524之邊緣的表面)可包括一反射表面538以防止光自該平面波導524之邊緣逃逸。替代地,該波導524之邊緣可包括一反射表面以最小化光自該等邊緣的逃逸。在所說明的範例中,邊緣發光單元512係沿兩個正交邊緣提供,不過在其他具體實施例中,其可沿該平面波導薄片524之一個、兩個、三個或所有邊緣來提供。在該波導524之光發射表面534(如所說明,此係上部面)上,存在具有窗區域528之一陣列的磷光體材料526之一層。在該波導524之下部面(即,導向支撐天花板之面)上,存在高度反射材料之一層540以確保實質上所有光係自該光發射磷光體面板514之光發射面534發射。
在操作中,藉由該等LED晶片520產生的激發光522(其屬於一第一波長範圍λ1
)係耦合至該平面波導524中並係在該波導524之整個表面上予以導引。透過該上部面(光發射表面)發射的光通過該磷光體圖案中之一窗528或引起該磷
光體材料之激發,該磷光體材料重新發射一第二更長波長範圍λ2
之光530。包含該最終照明產物的自該光發射磷光體面板514之上部面發射的光532係該激發光522與藉由該磷光體發射之光530之一組合。一般而言,該照明產物將係白色光,並且該磷光體層可包含綠色(500至540 nm)或橙色(580至620 nm)發射磷光體或藉由該藍色激發光活化的磷光體材料之一組合。藉由該面板510產生的光之相關色溫(CCT)可藉由與磷光體區域相比較包含窗區域的光發射面板之表面區域的比例與磷光體材料之數量、厚度及組成物來選擇。在其他配置中,該面板可經組態用以藉由適當選擇該磷光體材料、厚度及圖案來產生彩色光。
該波導524之光發射表面534可額外包括定義一或多個光學組件(例如,透鏡之一陣列或透鏡結構)之一表面拓撲以增強(促進)自該光發射表面之光發射及/或發射角度。在一配置中,在沈積該磷光體圖案之前,以一互補圖案來雷射切割該波導524之表面。在一替代性配置中,可精度模製該波導以包括透鏡之一陣列或其他光學特徵,以促使光自該波導之發射面射出。替代地,該波導之表面可包括該表面之一粗糙化或該表面之一規則圖案化。
在其他配置中,如圖6b所說明,可使用一波導表面拓撲來定義該磷光體/窗圖案以及促進光自該波導之光發射表面的發射。在所示配置中,該平面波導524之光發射表面534包括淺凹陷542之一陣列,其用於接收該磷光體材料526。可藉由精度模製該透明基板524並接著使用(例如)如
Asymtek所製造之一奈升大小的活塞型分配器頭來分配一預先選定體積的磷光體/黏合劑混合物至各凹陷中來製造該光發射磷光體面板514。替代地,可在該波導的整個光發射表面上刷一磷光體/黏合劑混合物並接著以一撓性刀片或輥(橡膠輥)來擦抹該表面以擦掉多餘磷光體材料,使得磷光體材料僅保留在該等凹陷中。此外,該光發射磷光體面板514可包括透鏡544之一陣列或其他光學組件以聚焦或以其他方式引導該發光面板之光發射532。
本發明之邊緣發光發光面板之一優點係該面板之小型性質,尤其係總體厚度,其可與該光發射磷光體面板514之厚度相同(即,5至10 mm)。
雖然該發光面板510係說明為用於一懸吊天花板中,但其亦可用於牆壁上,與天花板齊平,用作地板之一部分或任何水平表面(例如櫃檯頂部)或其他平面表面(例如樓梯踏板或豎板)。此外,該面板可用作一建築物之一結構組件之一部分或傢俱之部分。在樓梯踏板或豎板之情況下,該波導較佳的係包含一層壓玻璃構造,其中該磷光體圖案係併入***層壓之一者內。除平坦面板發光以外,應明白可按需要將該光發射面板製造為一彎曲表面或其他形式。
圖7係依據本發明之另一具體實施例之一反射器燈710的部分剖面透視圖並旨在作為對一傳統MR16型鹵素反射器燈之一直接取代。該燈710包含具有一GU10基底752之一半球形反射器750並旨在用於電力幹線操作110至240 V AC(alternating current;交流電)。應明白,可使用其他反射
器組態及/或基底,例如GU4、GU5.3、GX5.3、GY4及GZ4反射器燈基底。在本發明之反射器燈710中,鹵素燈泡係藉由黏著於一散熱器754上的藍色發射LED晶片720之一陣列所取代。驅動器電路756係裝載於該基底內以致能直接自一電力幹線電源操作該等LED晶片。
該反射器燈710進一步包含一前蓋758,其覆蓋該反射器750的開口。構成該燈之光發射表面734的前蓋758包含一透明薄片(例如,一丙烯酸薄片),在其內部面(即,面向該等LED晶片之面)上具有磷光體材料之一層726。該磷光體層(圖案)726包括窗728之一規則陣列(圖案),其不包括任何磷光體材料。由於磷光體發光之各向同性性質所致,藉由該燈發射的光732將不具有一精確定義的光束圖案而與當前反射器750無關。為了在一所需方向上準直及/或引導該發射的光,該前蓋758可以係形成為一透鏡及/或在其外表面上包括一透鏡結構。在一配置中,藉由(例如)精度模製該前蓋來在該蓋之外表面上定義一菲涅爾(Fresnel)透鏡。如在其他具體實施例中,可使用該前蓋756之一表面(較佳的係內表面)之一表面拓撲來定義該磷光體及/或窗圖案。
圖8係依據本發明之一燈泡810的部分剖面透視圖,其旨在作為針對一傳統白熾燈泡之一直接取代。旨在用於電力幹線操作110至240 V AC的燈泡810包含一透明包絡850與一E26標準基底(螺絲連接器)860。應明白,可使用其他包絡形狀及/或連接器,例如一插接連接器。在本發明至燈泡810中,鎢絲配置係藉由黏著於一散熱器854上的藍色發
射LED晶片820之一陣列所取代。驅動器電路(未顯示)係裝載於該螺絲連接器860內以致能直接自一電力幹線電源操作該等LED晶片。
構成該燈泡之光發射表面834的包絡858較佳的係包含一透明塑膠材料(例如,一丙烯酸材料)並在其整個表面上具有磷光體材之一層826。該磷光體層826包括窗828之一圖案(陣列),其不包括任何磷光體材料。可在該包絡之內表面或外表面上提供該磷光體層,不過為方便製造前者較佳。因為該磷光體材料更容易提供於該包絡之外表面上,故該燈泡較佳的係進一步包括覆蓋該磷光體層之一透明外保護層(未顯示)。
圖9係依據本發明之另一具體實施例之一管狀燈910的部分剖面透視示意圖。該燈910可用以取代一傳統管狀白熾燈泡或可用作對一螢光管之一替代物並旨在用於電力幹線操作110至240 V AC。在此具體實施例中,該燈910係伸長形式並包含一伸長外殼962,其裝載包含藍色LED晶片920之一線性陣列的一發光條964。該等LED晶片920係沿該發光條964之長度相等地隔開以在該外殼內提供一實質上均勻的照明。該發光條964與外殼962可由一導熱材料(金屬或金屬負載的環氧樹脂/聚矽氧)製成並較佳的係彼此熱流通以將藉由該等LED晶片920產生的熱自該燈的後部導出。該外殼的後部可進一步包括一系列散熱片(未顯示)以輔助熱的有效消耗。驅動器電路(未顯示)係裝載於該外殼內以致能經由連接引線966直接自一電力幹線電源操作該
等LED晶片。
該燈910之光發射表面934包含具有沿其長度延伸之一開口的一般管狀透明蓋950並係由一透明塑膠材料(例如一丙烯酸材料)製成。該蓋在其整個表面上具有磷光體材料之一層926並包括不包括任何磷光體材料的窗928之一圖案。該蓋968之開放邊緣係黏著於該外殼962中並且不透明端蓋970覆蓋該蓋之開放端以防止光自該燈之端逃逸。
應明白,本發明並不限於所說明的特定具體實施例並且可進行在本發明之範疇內的變更。本發明之具體實施例係關於具有一光發射表面的光發射裝置與發光系統,該光發射表面包括一或多個磷光體材料與一或多個窗區域以允許激發光與磷光體產生的光之發射。
該等磷光體區及/或窗區域之配置與相對比率可以係選擇以實現發射的光之一所需色彩及/或色溫。為了確保在該光發射表面之整個區域上產生一實質上均勻的色彩照明產物,該等窗區域及/或磷光體區應係實質上均勻地分佈於該光發射表面上。可將該光發射表面組態為一光傳輸或一波導光學配置。在一配置中,該光發射表面包含一透明膜,其上沈積磷光體材料之一圖案。接著,可將此一膜施加至現有光學組件之光發射表面。
為了進一步增強發射的光之色彩均勻度,該裝置可進一步包括一光擴散層,其可(例如)包含承載光散射粒子(例如二氧化矽)之一透明材料。
此外,雖然在所說明的範例中一單一色彩LED(較佳的
係藍色)係既用作一磷光體激發源又用以供給光至該發射產物,但在其他具體實施例中可設想使用兩個或兩個以上不同色彩LED與一或多個磷光體材料之一組合以產生該需要的光發射產物。例如,在旨在產生具有一高CRI(演色性指數)的白色光之一配置中,藍色LED晶片係用以激發一綠色磷光體材料而橙色或紅色LED晶片係用以產生最終發射產物之橙色或紅色光成分。在此一配置中,該發射產物包含紅色(R)、綠色(G)及藍色(B)成分。較佳的係,藍色LED與橙色及/或紅色LED晶片之比率係實質上二比一以確保該綠色光供給足以實現一需要的CRI。應明白,在此一配置中,藉由該等橙色及/或紅色LED產生之光並不導致該磷光體之激發並且此類光係發射透過該光發射磷光體表面中之一或多個窗。在一替代性配置中,可使用藍色LED來激發一橙色或紅色發射磷光體並且可使用一或多個綠色發射LED晶片來供給綠色光至該發射產物。
10‧‧‧發光面板
12‧‧‧背光單元
14‧‧‧光發射磷光體面板
16‧‧‧光箱
18‧‧‧光箱之內表面
20‧‧‧發光二極體/激發源
22‧‧‧光
24‧‧‧透明基板
26‧‧‧磷光體材料(光致發光材料)/磷光體圖案
28‧‧‧窗區域
30‧‧‧綠色光
32‧‧‧照明產物
34‧‧‧光發射表面
40‧‧‧綠色磷光體區
42‧‧‧橙色磷光體區
510‧‧‧發光面板
512‧‧‧邊緣發光單元
514‧‧‧光發射磷光體面板
520‧‧‧LED晶片
522‧‧‧激發光
524‧‧‧波導/平面薄片/透明基板
526‧‧‧磷光體材料
528‧‧‧窗區域
530‧‧‧光
532‧‧‧光
534‧‧‧光發射面
536‧‧‧發光條
538‧‧‧反射表面
540‧‧‧高度反射材料層
542‧‧‧凹陷
544‧‧‧透鏡
710‧‧‧反射器燈
720‧‧‧藍色發射LED晶片
726‧‧‧磷光體材料層
728‧‧‧窗
732‧‧‧光
734‧‧‧光發射表面
750‧‧‧半球形反射器
752‧‧‧基底
754‧‧‧散熱器
756‧‧‧驅動器電路
758‧‧‧前蓋
810‧‧‧燈泡
820‧‧‧藍色發射LED晶片
826‧‧‧磷光體材料層
828‧‧‧窗
834‧‧‧光發射表面
854‧‧‧散熱器
858‧‧‧包絡
860‧‧‧E26標準基底(螺絲連接器)
910‧‧‧管狀燈
920‧‧‧藍色LED晶片
926‧‧‧磷光體材料層
928‧‧‧窗
934‧‧‧光發射表面
962‧‧‧伸長外殼
964‧‧‧發光條
966‧‧‧連接引線
968‧‧‧蓋
970‧‧‧不透明端蓋
為了更佳地瞭解本發明,已參考附圖經由範例說明本發明的具體實施例,其中:圖1係依據本發明之一背光發光面板的部分分解透視示意圖;圖2係圖1之背光發光面板透過一平面AA的示意斷面圖;圖3係用於圖1與2之發光面板中的依據本發明之一光發射磷光體面板;
圖4a與4b係依據本發明之另外具體實施例的光發射磷光體面板;圖5係依據本發明之一邊緣發光發光面板的部分分解透視示意圖;圖6a係圖5之邊緣發光發光面板的示意斷面圖;圖6b係依據本發明之另一態樣之一邊緣發光發光面板的示意斷面圖;圖7係依據本發明之一反射器燈的部分剖面透視圖;圖8係依據本發明之一燈泡的部分剖面透視圖;以及圖9係依據本發明之一管狀燈的部分剖面透視示意圖。
10‧‧‧發光面板
12‧‧‧背光單元
14‧‧‧光發射磷光體面板/光發射表面
16‧‧‧光箱
18‧‧‧光箱之內表面
20‧‧‧發光二極體/激發源
22‧‧‧光
24‧‧‧透明基板
26‧‧‧磷光體材料(光致發光材料)/磷光體圖案
28‧‧‧窗區域
30‧‧‧綠色光
32‧‧‧照明產物
34‧‧‧光發射表面
Claims (25)
- 一種光發射裝置,其包含:至少一激發源,其可操作以產生一第一波長範圍之光;及一具有一光發射表面之光學組件,其中該光學組件與該至少一激發源分開且具有至少一磷光體材料,其吸收激發光之至少一部分並發射一第二波長範圍之光,其中藉由該裝置所發射之光包含藉由該光發射表面所發射之該第一及第二波長範圍之組合光,其特徵在於該光發射表面具有不包括該至少一磷光體材料之至少一窗區域,該窗區域對於該第一及第二波長之光係實質上透明的。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中一基板係選自由以下組成的群組:實質上平面、伸長及圓柱形。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中該磷光體材料之一層包含多個區域之一圖案,且其中該等窗區域係藉由在磷光體材料區域之間的間隙而界定。
- 如請求項3之光發射裝置,其中該等磷光體材料區域係選自由以下組成的群組:實質上正方形、實質上圓形、實質上橢圓形、實質上三角形、實質上矩形、實質上多邊形及其組合。
- 如請求項3之光發射裝置,其中該等磷光體材料區域之該圖案係藉由一處理而沉積於該波導上,該處理係選自由以下組成的群組:網版印刷、噴灑及噴墨印刷。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中該磷光體材料之一層包含一至少二種不同磷光體材料之圖案。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中該等窗區域係選自由以下組成的群組:實質上正方形、實質上圓形、實質上橢圓形、實質上三角形、實質上矩形、實質上多邊形及其組合。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中該光發射表面進一步包括一表面拓撲,其經組態以促進來自該光發射表面之光發射。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中該至少一磷光體材料係選自由以下組成的群組:一以矽酸鹽為主的磷光體,一以鋁酸鹽為主的磷光體,一以氮化物為主的磷光體,一以硫酸鹽為主的材料,一以氮氧化物為主的材料及一石榴石為主的材料。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中該第二波長之光係選自由以下組成的群組:綠色光,黃色光,橘色光及紅色光。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中一基板係選自由以下組成的群組:一丙烯酸、一聚碳酸酯、一聚乙烯及一玻璃。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,其中該至少一激發源包含發射藍光之發光二極體之一陣列。
- 如請求項1之光發射裝置,進一步包含至少一紅色光之源,其經組態以耦合紅色光至該基板中。
- 一種光發射裝置,其包含:一具有一光發射表面及一相對表面之實質上平面之光透射基板,且其中該基板經組態作為一光導媒體;至少一磷光體材料,其配置作為在具有複數個窗區域之該光發射表面上之一層;至少一具有一第一波長之激發輻射之源,其位於相鄰該基板之至少一周圍邊緣處,其中該源經組態以耦合輻射激發至該基板中,使得該激發輻射藉由全內反射在該基板內進行波導;其中藉由該裝置從該光發射表面所發射之光包含第一波長之輻射及藉由該磷光體層發射之第二較長波長之光致發光之光作為藉由該源之激發的一結果。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,其中激發輻射係耦合至該基板之一邊緣之至少一部分。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,其中該磷光體材料層包含多個區域之一圖案,且其中該窗區域係藉由在該等磷光體材料區域之間的間隙而界定。
- 如請求項16之光發射裝置,其中該等磷光體材料區域係選自由以下組成的群組:實質上正方形、實質上圓形、實質上橢圓形、實質上三角形、實質上矩形、實質上多邊形及其組合。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,其中該等窗區域係選自由以下組成的群組:實質上正方形、實質上圓形、實質上橢圓形、實質上三角形、實質上矩形、實質上多邊形及其 組合。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,進一步包括一反射層,其位於相鄰相對該發光表面之該基板之該表面的至少一部分。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,其中該基板之該發光表面進一包括一表面拓撲,其經組態以促進來自該光發射表面之光發射。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,其中該磷光體材料層包含一至少二種不同磷光體材料之圖案。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,其中藉由該磷光體材料層發射之第二較長波長之光致發光之光係選自由以下組成的群組:綠色光,黃色光,橘色光及紅色光。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,其中該基板係選自由以下組成的群組:一丙烯酸、一聚碳酸酯、一聚乙烯及一玻璃。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,其中該至少一激發之源包含發射藍光之發光二極體之一陣列。
- 如請求項14之光發射裝置,進一步包含至少一紅色光之源,其經組態以耦合紅色光至該基板中。
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- 2008-10-16 KR KR1020107010597A patent/KR20100077199A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
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2011
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Also Published As
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KR20100077199A (ko) | 2010-07-07 |
TW200929621A (en) | 2009-07-01 |
EP2201617A1 (en) | 2010-06-30 |
US8686449B2 (en) | 2014-04-01 |
US20140299895A1 (en) | 2014-10-09 |
WO2009052329A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
TW201246597A (en) | 2012-11-16 |
US20110170277A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
US7915627B2 (en) | 2011-03-29 |
US20090101930A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
JP2011501865A (ja) | 2011-01-13 |
CN101828271A (zh) | 2010-09-08 |
CA2702436A1 (en) | 2009-04-23 |
US20120299032A1 (en) | 2012-11-29 |
US8188502B2 (en) | 2012-05-29 |
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