JP2018516069A - タバコ由来のセルロース系糖 - Google Patents
タバコ由来のセルロース系糖 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2018516069A JP2018516069A JP2017553939A JP2017553939A JP2018516069A JP 2018516069 A JP2018516069 A JP 2018516069A JP 2017553939 A JP2017553939 A JP 2017553939A JP 2017553939 A JP2017553939 A JP 2017553939A JP 2018516069 A JP2018516069 A JP 2018516069A
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- tobacco
- derived
- pulp
- glucose
- product
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
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- A24B15/10—Chemical features of tobacco products or tobacco substitutes
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- A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
Description
実施形態1:ニコチアナ種の植物の茎または根からセルロース系糖を形成する方法は、 i)ニコチアナ種の収穫後植物の茎材料及び根材料のうちの少なくとも1つを含むタバコ材料を受け取ることと、
ii)タバコ材料を脱リグニンして、タバコ由来のパルプを形成することと、
iii)タバコ由来のパルプを加水分解して、残留固形物及び少なくとも1つのタバコ由来のセルロース系糖を含む液体を含む、加水分解タバコ生成物を形成することと、を含む。
例えば、図1の操作100で示されるように、本発明に従うタバコ材料の調製は、ニコチアナ種から植物を収穫することと、ある特定の実施形態において、茎及び/または根などの植物からある特定の成分を分離させ、物理的にこれらの成分を加工することと、を含むことができる。タバコ植物全体またはそのいずれの成分(例えば、葉、花、柄、根、茎など)が本発明において使用され得るが、タバコ植物の茎、及び/または根を使用することが有利である。以下の本記述は、植物の茎及び/または根の使用に焦点を当てるが、本発明はそれらの実施形態に限定されるわけではない。
本発明の様々な実施形態において、タバコ材料は、例えばタバコ材料の脱リグニンを通してセルロース材料に変換され得る。タバコ材料の脱リグニンは、多くの操作を含むことができる。最初のステップとして、タバコバイオマスは、パルプ化工程を経ることができる。パルプは、例えば、図1の操作102で示されるように、機械的または化学的に原料から生成され得る。
タバコバイオマスを脱リグニンした後、例えば、図1の操作110で示されるように、セルロース材料は、少なくとも1つの糖化工程を経ることができる。当業界で周知の加水分解のいずれの形態も、タバコ由来のセルロース材料内の糖質を分けて糖分子成分に入れるために使用され得る。ある特定の実施形態において、弱酸及び弱塩基(または両方)の塩は、加水分解工程における水の中に溶解され得る。例えば、酸塩基触媒された加水分解もまた、使用され得る。様々な実施形態において、セルロース材料は、ブドウ糖を形成するために酵素による加水分解を経ることができる。例えば、Zhang,Yi−Heng Percivalらの、Toward an Aggregated Understanding of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose: Noncomplexed Cellulase Systems.Wiley InterScience.Biotechnology and Bioengineering,Vol.88,No.7、December 30,2004,P.797−824に提示されたセルロースの酵素による加水分解の議論を参照されたい。概して、セルロース酵素システムは、セルロース材料を加水分解することができる。不溶性のセルロース材料は、同時に3つの工程:(i)残留固相セルロース内の化学的及び物理的変化、(ii)セロビオース、水溶性セロデキストリン、及びブドウ糖を含む中間生成物を形成する固相セルロースの一次加水分解、及び(iii)水溶性中間体をより低い分子重量の中間体に、及び最終的にはブドウ糖を含む液相生成物に加水分解する二次加水分解、を経ることができる。したがって、タバコ由来のセルロース材料を加水分解することは、残留固形物及び少なくとも1つのタバコ由来のセルロース系糖を含む液体を含む、加水分解タバコ生成物(すなわち、液体マッシュ)をもたらすことができる。様々な実施形態において、少なくとも1つのタバコ由来のセルロース系糖は、ブドウ糖、キシロース、及びそれらの組み合わせを含むことができる。
上記で考察されたように、本発明は、ニコチアナ種の収穫後植物のタバコ茎材料及びタバコ根材料のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、加水分解タバコ材料に由来するセルロース系糖を提供する。本発明に従い生成されたタバコ由来のセルロース系糖材料は、これらに限定するものではないが、保湿剤、酸味、風味材料、エタノール、及び他のブドウ糖由来生成物を含む様々な生成物を生成するために役立つことができる。例えば、図1に示された工程のフロー図に掲載された生成物を参照されたい。タバコ由来のブドウ糖から生成された様々な生成物が、以下により詳細に述べられている。
上記で説明されたように、タバコ由来のセルロース材料は、例えば、酵素による加水分解を経てブドウ糖を形成することができる。高果糖タバコシロップは、その後従来型の固定化されたブドウ糖イソメラーゼ(例えば、Novozymesによって製造されたSweetzyme(登録商標)type IT)を使用して生成され得る。例えば、図1の操作112で示されるように、この異性化は、あまり甘くないブドウ糖を、最も甘い天然糖である果糖に変換することができる。この工程からのシロップは、多くの食品用途においてスクロース(蔗糖)と競合することができる。例えば、ほぼ全ての清涼飲料水の製造業者は、スクロースより安価なため高果糖シロップを使用する。タバコ製品もまた、例えば、風味付けのために高果糖シロップを組み込むことができる。
図1の操作114で示されるように、例えば、グリセロールは、タバコ由来のブドウ糖から生成され得る。図1の操作108で示されるように、例えば、グリセロールはまた、脱リグニンするタバコパルプから回収したキシロースから生成され得る。グリセロールは、様々な異なる産業及び製品において役立つことができる。例えば、食品及び飲料において、グリセロールは、保湿剤、溶剤、甘味料、及びそれらの組み合わせとして役立たせることができる。グリセロールはまた、フィラー及び/または増粘剤として、保存食の援助にも役立つことができる。グリセロールはまた、医療、薬剤、及び個人医療用製品(例えば、潤滑を提供及び/または保湿剤として)において役立つことができる。様々なタバコ生成物もまた、グリセロールを保湿剤、甘味料、溶剤、及びそれらの組み合わせの形状で組み込むことができる。
上記で説明されたように、タバコ由来のセルロース材料は、酸素による加水分解を経てブドウ糖を形成することができる。ある特定の実施形態において、ブドウ糖は、濃縮されシロップを形成することができる。濃縮ブドウ糖シロップは、例えば、ニッケル触媒を使用する水素化によってソルビトールに変換され得る。ソルビトールは、糖代替物として有用となり得る。ソルビトールはまた、刺激のない緩下剤として使用され得る。ソルビトールはまた、例えば、保湿剤及び/または増粘剤として、医療用途、ならびにヘルスケア、食品及び化粧品利用において有用となり得る。ソルビトールはまた、タバコ製品例えば、喫煙物品及び/または無煙たばこ製品)中の保湿剤として有用となり得る。いくつかの態様において、ソルビトールは、透明な配合物に対して非常に高い屈折率を有するため、透明ジェルを形成するために使用され得る。
上記で説明されたように、タバコ由来のセルロース材料は、酸素による加水分解を経てブドウ糖を形成することができる。例えば、図1の操作114を参照されたい。ある特定の実施形態において、ブドウ糖は、濃縮され、シロップを形成することができる。濃縮されたブドウ糖シロップは、加水分解によってレブリン酸に変換され得る。レブリン酸は、薬剤、可塑剤、及び様々なその他の添加剤の前躯体として機能することができる。将来性のあるバイオ燃料は、レブリン酸から調製され得る。様々なタバコ生成物が、レブリン酸を組み込むことができる。例えば、電子喫煙物品は、エアロゾル前躯体組成物中にレブリン酸を組み込むことができる。
上記で説明されたように、タバコ由来のセルロース材料は、酵素による加水分解を経て、残留固形物及び少なくとも1つのタバコ由来のセルロース系糖を含む液体を含む、加水分解タバコ生成物(すなわち、液体マッシュ)を形成することができる。例えば、図1の操作114で示されるように、工程は、残留固形物と液体を分離することと、高たんぱく質媒体を液体に添加することと、液体及び高たんぱく質媒体を発酵させ、乳酸を含む発酵生成物を形成することと、をさらに含む。例えば、図1の操作108で示されるように、乳酸はまた、キシロースの変換及び回収工程から生成され得る。
上記で説明されたように、タバコ由来のセルロース材料は、酵素による加水分解を経て、残留固形物及び少なくとも1つのタバコ由来のセルロース系糖を含む液体を含む、加水分解タバコ生成物(すなわち、液体マッシュ)を形成することができる。例えば、図1の操作114で示されるように、工程は、残留固形物と液体を分離することと、酵母を液体に添加することと、液体及び酵母を発酵させ、エタノールを含む発酵生成物を形成することと、をさらに含む。
上記で説明されたように、本発明に従い生成されたセルロース系糖材料は、これらに限定するものではないが、保湿剤、フィラー、風味材料、及び様々な酸を含む、タバコブドウ糖に由来する様々な生成物を生成することに有用となり得る。本発明の工程に従い生成されたセルロース系糖材料及びその他の下流生成物は、例えばタバコ生成物に組み込まれた成分として有用となり得る。本発明の材料が添加されたタバコ生成物は、様々となり得、タバコまたはそのいくつかの成分を生成物の使用者へ届けるように構成されまた適合された、いずれの生成物も含むことができる。例示的なタバコ生成物は、喫煙物品(例えば、紙巻タバコ)、無煙たばこ生成物、及び使用中に燃えない、タバコ材料またはその他の植物材料を含有するエアロゾル生成装置を含む。
本発明の態様は、以下の実施例によってより完全に説明され、本発明のある特定の態様を例解するように記載されるが、それを限定すると見なされるものではない。
ブドウ糖は、タバコ原料から生成される。3回の脱リグニン及び糖化が、実行される。各回は、大まかな作業容量が約60ガロンの、脱リグニン用ドラフトチューブタンクにおける2度の脱リグニンのためにタバコ茎バイオマスを磨り潰すこと(機械パルプ化)から成る。14キログラム(乾燥重量)のタバコ茎が、各脱リグニンで使用される。タバコ茎バイオマスを磨り潰した後、10kgの脱リグニンされたパルプが、各脱リグニンで残る。
キシロース濃度が低減したブドウ糖シロップが、タバコ原料から生成される。上記実施例1において説明された工程が続き、ブドウ糖シロップを生成する。ただ一方で、シロップからキシロースを消滅させるために、キシラナーゼが、使用され最終糖化前にヘミセルロースを除去する。3つの異なる種類のキシラナーゼ酵素(Rhyzyme(登録商標)HC&HC2500、Dyadic(登録商標)Xylanase、及びそれらの組み合わせ)が、使用される。
高果糖タバコシロップは、市販の固定化されたブドウ糖イソメラーゼ(またSweetzymeタイプIT(登録商標)と称される)を使用して生成される。実験は、55℃、最初のタバコブドウ糖濃度が13%で行われる。酵素(45g)は、4Lのブドウ糖含有トリス緩衝剤媒体(pH7.5)へ添加する前に水和される。果糖生成は、およそ0.5gg−1である。最終的なブドウ糖及び果糖濃度は、それぞれ275g/L及び225g/Lである。この反応は、実験データとモデル予測との間の良好な一致を示す。(Gaily,M.H.らの、Production of fructose from highly concentrated date extracts using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnology Letters,2013)。
グリセロールは、タバコ原料から生成される。タバコ茎バイオマスは、大まかな作業容量が約60ガロンの、脱リグニン用ドラフトチューブタンクにおける脱リグニンのために磨り潰される(機械パルプ化)。脱リグニンされたパルプは、その後濯がれ、脱水され、再度濯がれる。pHは4.8に調整され、その後パルプは、再度脱水され、酵素糖化の準備ができたパルプが得られる。(Novozymes A/Sによって製造された)Cellic(登録商標)CTec3酵素の濃い投入量(3重量%)を使用する脱リグニンされたタバコパルプの糖化は、グリセロール生成のためのタバコブドウ糖を提供する。
ソルビトールは、タバコ由来のブドウ糖から生成される。上記実施例1において説明された工程が続き、ブドウ糖シロップを生成する。Gallezot,P.,J.Catal.146(1994)93及びHoffer,B.W.,Tuning Raney−type and Supported Ni Catalysts for Commercial Hydrogenation reactions.Thesis,Delft University of Technology,Delft,The Netherlands,2003によって概要が述べられた条件は、タバコ由来のブドウ糖からソルビトールへの還元を設計することへと続いた。触媒タイプ、前躯体濃度、H2圧力、反応温度、及びパージ循環などの重要なパラメーターは、反応への使用のために適合される。
レブリン酸は、タバコバイオマスから生成される。上記実施例1において説明された工程が続き、タバコ原料からブドウ糖シロップを生成する。参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる、Du,X.,Angew.Chem.2011,123,7961−7965及びRunge,T,Ind.Eng.Chem.Res.2012,51,3265−3270によって概略が述べられた条件は、レブリン酸合成の加水分解部分のために適合された。現代の文献のほとんどは、レブリン酸をその他の反応のための原料として使用するため、現代の文献においてわずかの単離手順しかない。参照によって本明細書に組み込まれる、Edwardsの米国特許第4,612,391号は、酸性及び塩基性溶液が、有機溶剤で抽出され、生成物を浄化するという工程を説明する。この工程は、その中で提案された環境面で望ましくない塩化溶剤に代わり、代替の酢酸エチルによって適合される。
乳酸は、タバコバイオマスから生成される。上記実施例1において説明された工程が続き、タバコ原料からブドウ糖シロップを生成する。
エタノールは、タバコバイオマスから生成される。上記実施例1で説明されたように、タバコ由来のセルロース材料は、酵素による加水分解を経て、残留固形物及びブドウ糖を含む液体を含む、加水分解タバコ生成物(すなわち、液体マッシュ)を形成する。残留固形物及び液体は、分離され、酵母が液体に添加され、液体及び酵母は、発酵してエタノールを含む発酵生成物を形成する。
Claims (22)
- ニコチアナ種の植物の茎または根からセルロース系糖を形成する方法であって、
i)前記ニコチアナ種の収穫後植物の茎材料及び根材料のうちの少なくとも1つを含むタバコ材料を受け取ることと、
ii)前記タバコ材料を脱リグニンして、タバコ由来のパルプを形成することと、
iii)前記タバコ由来のパルプを加水分解して、残留固形物及び少なくとも1つのタバコ由来のセルロース系糖を含む液体を含む加水分解タバコ生成物を形成することと、を含む方法。 - 前記タバコ材料が、少なくとも約90乾燥重量パーセントの、前記ニコチアナ種の前記収穫後植物の前記茎材料及び前記根材料のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記タバコ材料を脱リグニンする前記ステップが、前記ニコチアナ種の収穫後植物の前記茎材料及び前記根材料のうちの少なくとも1つを磨り潰し、前記タバコ由来のパルプを形成することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記タバコ材料を脱リグニンする前記ステップが、前記タバコ由来のパルプを濯ぐことと、脱水することと、をさらに含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記タバコ材料を脱リグニンする前記ステップが、前記タバコ由来のパルプのpHを、約4.5〜約5.5の範囲内の値に調整することをさらに含む、請求項3に記載の方法。
- 前記タバコ由来のパルプを少なくとも10%以下の水分含有率まで乾燥させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記タバコ由来のパルプを加水分解する前記ステップが、少なくとも1つの酵素の存在下での前記タバコ由来のパルプの酵素糖化を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記加水分解ステップ(iii)に少なくとも1つの酵素を添加して、前記加水分解タバコ生成物中のキシロースの量を減少させることをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 少なくとも1つのタバコ由来のセルロース系糖を含む前記液体を蒸発させて、濃縮シロップを形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮シロップが、少なくとも約80重量%のブドウ糖を含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記ブドウ糖を、ニッケル触媒を使用する水素化によってソルビトールに変換することをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記ブドウ糖を、加水分解によってレブリン酸に変換することをさらに含む、請求項10に記載の方法。
- 前記濃縮シロップが、約15重量パーセント以下のキシロースを含む、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 酵母を前記加水分解タバコ生成物に添加して、前記加水分解タバコ生成物及び酵母を発酵させ、グリセロールを含む発酵パルプスラリーを形成することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- グリセロールが、前記タバコ由来のパルプの少なくとも約10重量%の平均収率で生成される、請求項14に記載の方法。
- 前記残留固形物及び前記液体を分離することと、酵母を前記液体に添加することと、前記液体及び前記酵母を発酵させ、エタノールを含む発酵生成物を形成することと、をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記残留固形物及び前記液体を分離することと、高たんぱく質媒体を前記液体に添加することと、前記液体及び前記高たんぱく質媒体を発酵させ、乳酸を含む発酵生成物を形成することと、をさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記タバコ由来のセルロース系糖をタバコ生成物に組み込むことをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記タバコ生成物が、喫煙物品である、請求項18に記載の方法。
- 加水分解タバコ材料に由来するセルロース系糖であって、ニコチアナ種の収穫後植物のタバコ茎材料及びタバコ根材料のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、セルロース系糖。
- 前記タバコ材料が、少なくとも約90乾燥重量パーセントの、前記ニコチアナ種の前記収穫後植物の前記茎材料及び前記根材料のうちの少なくとも1つを含む、請求項20に記載のセルロース系糖。
- 請求項20に記載のセルロース系糖、または高果糖タバコシロップ、グリセロール、レブリン酸、乳酸、及びそれらの組み合わせから成る群から選択される前記セルロース系糖の下流生成物を組み込む、タバコ生成物。
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