EP1660693A1 - Method for producing a hardened profile part - Google Patents
Method for producing a hardened profile partInfo
- Publication number
- EP1660693A1 EP1660693A1 EP04736386A EP04736386A EP1660693A1 EP 1660693 A1 EP1660693 A1 EP 1660693A1 EP 04736386 A EP04736386 A EP 04736386A EP 04736386 A EP04736386 A EP 04736386A EP 1660693 A1 EP1660693 A1 EP 1660693A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- coating
- corrosion protection
- oxygen
- protection layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 110
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 99
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 97
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 89
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 72
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 64
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 55
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 39
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 39
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004210 cathodic protection Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron zinc Chemical compound [Fe].[Zn] KFZAUHNPPZCSCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010960 cold rolled steel Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011253 protective coating Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 16-Epiaffinine Natural products C1C(C2=CC=CC=C2N2)=C2C(=O)CC2C(=CC)CN(C)C1C2CO PXFBZOLANLWPMH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L Ferrous fumarate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-]C(=O)\C=C\C([O-])=O PMVSDNDAUGGCCE-TYYBGVCCSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000760 Hardened steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 9
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 81
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 19
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 14
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 13
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 7
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005246 galvanizing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 5
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- -1 Zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000001878 scanning electron micrograph Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000282373 Panthera pardus Species 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003618 dip coating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000001976 improved effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910007570 Zn-Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum zinc Chemical compound [Al].[Zn] FJMNNXLGOUYVHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000680 Aluminized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021607 Silver chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000611 Zinc aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;zinc Chemical compound [AlH3].[Zn] HXFVOUUOTHJFPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumanylidynesilicon Chemical compound [Al].[Si] CSDREXVUYHZDNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002051 biphasic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002848 electrochemical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007888 film coating Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009501 film coating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005244 galvannealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005764 inhibitory process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010970 precious metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009993 protective function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000550 scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M silver monochloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Ag+] HKZLPVFGJNLROG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011135 tin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas
- C23C2/022—Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas by heating
- C23C2/0224—Two or more thermal pretreatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/62—Quenching devices
- C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
- B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
- B21D22/04—Stamping using rigid devices or tools for dimpling
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
- B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
- C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/34—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the material to be treated
- C23C2/36—Elongated material
- C23C2/40—Plates; Strips
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/34—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated
- C25D5/36—Pretreatment of metallic surfaces to be electroplated of iron or steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2251/00—Treating composite or clad material
- C21D2251/02—Clad material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
- Y10T29/49982—Coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49995—Shaping one-piece blank by removing material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
- Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
- Y10T428/12785—Group IIB metal-base component
- Y10T428/12792—Zn-base component
- Y10T428/12799—Next to Fe-base component [e.g., galvanized]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a hardened profile component with cathodic corrosion protection and to a hardened metallic P. profile component with cathodic corrosion protection.
- Low alloyed steel sheets are not corrosion resistant after being produced by suitable forming steps, either by hot rolling or cold rolling. This means that after a relatively short time and due to the humidity at the surface, oxidation occurs.
- corrosion is the reaction of a metallic material, with its environment, which causes a measurable change in the material and can lead to an impairment of the function of a metallic component or an entire system.
- steel is usually protected so that it can withstand the corrosion loads during the required service life.
- the avoidance of corrosion damage can be achieved by influencing the properties of the reactants and / or by changing the reaction conditions, separating the metallic material from the corrosive Medium done by applied protective layers and by electrochemical measures.
- a corrosion protection layer is a layer produced on a metal or in the near-surface region of a metal, which consists of one or more layers. Multi-layer coatings are also referred to as corrosion protection systems.
- Possible corrosion protection layers are, for example, organic coatings, inorganic coatings and metallic coatings.
- the purpose of metallic corrosion protection layers is to transfer the properties of the support material to the steel surface for as long as possible. Accordingly, the choice of an effective metallic corrosion protection requires the knowledge of the corrosion-chemical relationships in the system steel / coating metal / attacking medium.
- the coating metals can be electrochemically nobler or electrochemically less noble than steel.
- the respective coating metal protects the steel only through the formation of protective layers.
- barrier protection As soon as the surface of the coating metal has pores or was injured, a "local element" forms in the presence of moisture, in which the base partner is attacked by the metal to be protected.
- the more noble coating metals include tin, nickel and copper.
- Metallic protective layers are applied by various methods. Depending on the metal and process, the connection of the steel surface is chemical, physical or mechanical and ranges from alloy formation and diffusion to adhesion and mere mechanical clamping.
- the metallic coatings are said to have similar technological and mechanical properties to steel as they do to steel, and to behave similarly to steel in terms of mechanical stress or plastic deformity.
- the coatings should therefore not be damaged during forming and also affected by forming operations.
- the metal to be protected is immersed in molten metal melts. Due to the hot dipping, corresponding alloy layers are formed at the phase boundary of steel coating metal.
- An example of this is the hot dip galvanizing.
- Hot dip galvanizing the steel strip is passed through a zinc bath, the zinc bath having a temperature of around 450 ° C.
- Hot-dip galvanized products have high corrosion resistance, good weldability and formability, and their main applications are the construction, automotive and household appliance industries.
- a coating of a zinc-iron alloy is known.
- these products are after hot dip galvanizing at temperatures above the zinc melt point, usually between 480 ° C and 550 ° C subjected to a diffusion annealing.
- the zinc-iron alloy layers grow and absorb the overlying zinc layer. This process is called "galvannealing".
- the zinc-iron alloy thus produced also has a high corrosion resistance, good weldability and U formability.
- Main applications are the automotive and home appliance industry.
- other " coatings of aluminum-silicon, zinc-aluminum and aluminum-zinc can be produced by hot dipping.
- electrodeposited metal coatings i. the electrolytic, so under current passage deposition of metallic coatings of electrolytes.
- electrolytic coating is also possible with such metals, which can not be coated by melt-dip process.
- Conventional layer thicknesses in electrolytic coating are usually between 2.5 and 10 microns, they are thus generally lower than in enamel dip coatings.
- Some metals, e.g. Zinc also allow thick film coatings with electrolytic coating.
- Electrolytically galvanized sheets are mainly used in the automotive industry, because of the high surface quality, these sheets are used above all in the outer skin area. They have good formability, weldability and storability as well as good paintable and matt surfaces.
- the surface of the plate is scaled by heating, so that after forming and hardening the sheet surface must be cleaned, for example by sandblasting. Then the sheet is trimmed and possibly punched necessary holes.
- the sheets have a very high hardness in the mechanical processing and therefore the processing is complicated and in particular a high tool wear exists.
- US 6,564,604 B2 The purpose of US 6,564,604 B2 is to provide steel sheets which are subsequently subjected to a heat treatment, and to provide a method for producing parts by press-hardening these coated steel sheets. In this case, it should be ensured despite the increase in temperature that the steel sheet is not decarburized and the surface of the steel sheet is not oxidized before, during and after the hot pressing or the heat treatment.
- an alloyed intermetallic mixture should be applied to the surface before or after punching, which should provide protection against corrosion and decarburization and also can provide a lubricating function.
- this document proposes to use a customary, apparently electrolytically applied zinc layer, wherein this zinc layer is to be converted into a homogeneous Zn-Fe alloy layer with the steel substrate in a subsequent austenizing of the sheet substrate.
- This homogeneous layer structure is confirmed by microscopic images. Contrary to previous assumptions, this coating is said to have a mechanical resistance that prevents it from melting. In practice, however, such an effect does not show.
- the use of zinc or zinc alloys should provide cathodic protection of the edges when cuts are present.
- US Pat. No. 6,564,604 B2 specifies a coating consisting of 50% to 55% aluminum and 45% to 50% zinc, with possibly small amounts of silicon. Such a coating is not new in itself and known under the brand name Galvalume®. It is stated that the coating metals zinc and aluminum with iron should form a homogeneous zinc-aluminum-iron alloy coating. In the case of this coating, it is disadvantageous that adequate cathodic corrosion protection is no longer achieved here, but the predominant barrier protection which is thereby achieved is not sufficient for use in the press hardening process, since partial surface damage to the surface is unavoidable.
- the method described in this document is unable to solve the problem that, in general, zinc-based cathodic corrosion coatings are not suitable for protecting steel sheets which are to be subjected to a heat treatment after coating and may also be subjected to a further shaping or forming step.
- EP 1 013 785 A1 discloses a method for producing a sheet-metal component, wherein the sheet is to have an aluminum layer or an aluminum alloy layer on the surface.
- a sheet provided with such coatings is to be subjected to a press hardening process, giving as possible coating alloys an alloy with 9-10% silicon, 2-3.5% iron, balance aluminum with impurities and a second alloy with 2-4% iron and the rest aluminum with impurities.
- Such coating tions are known per se and correspond to the coating of a hot-dip aluminized steel sheet.
- In such a coating is disadvantageous in that only a so-called barrier protection is achieved. The moment that such a barrier layer is damaged or cracked in the Fe-Al layer, the base material, in this case the steel, is attacked and corroded. A cathodic protective effect is absent.
- a particularly suitable and therefore preferred coating material is aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
- zinc or zinc alloys would be suitable.
- Such a coated sheet can then be cold preformed and hot finished molded.
- this method has the disadvantage that an aluminum coating, even if it has been applied by electrolysis, no longer offers any protection against corrosion if the surface of the finished component is damaged, since the protective barrier has been breached.
- an electrodeposited zinc coating it is disadvantageous that during heating for hot forming, the zinc is largely oxidized and no longer available for cathodic protection. Under a protective gas atmosphere, the zinc evaporates.
- a method for the production of metal profile components for motor vehicles is known.
- starting material provided in strip form is fed to a roll forming unit and formed into a rolled section.
- at least partial areas of the rolled section are to be heated inductively to a temperature required for hardening and then quenched in a cooling unit.
- the rolled sections are cut to form the profile components.
- a particular advantage of roll forming is to be seen in the low production costs due to the high processing speed and low compared to a press tool costs.
- a special heat-treatable steel is used for the profile component.
- partial regions of the starting material can also be inductively brought to the hardening state before entry into the rolling profiling unit. heated temperature and quenched before cutting the rolled section in a cooling unit.
- the cutting must take place already in the hardened state, which is problematic due to the high hardness of the material.
- the profile components cut to length must be cleaned or descaled in the already described prior art and a piece of corrosion coat must be applied after the ignition has been ignited. Such corrosion coat coatings usually do not give very good cathodic corrosion protection.
- the object is to provide a method for producing a hardened profile component with a cathodic corrosion protection, wherein the cathodic corrosion protection is formed so that even the starting material has a protective layer which does not convert during the further processing in a negative way.
- Another object is to provide a cathodic anti-corrosion layer for curable profile components.
- Another object is to provide a hardened profile component with cathodic corrosion protection.
- the object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 45.
- Advantageous developments are characterized in the dependent claims.
- the inventive method provides, on a hardenable steel sheet, a coating of a mixture consisting essentially of zinc and an oxygen affinity element, such as magnesium, silicon, titanium, calcium and aluminum with a content of 0.1 to 15 wt .-% of the Apply Sauerstoffäffinen element and to heat the coated steel sheet at least partially with the access of oxygen to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestemperatur the sheet metal alloy and before to reform, wherein the sheet is cooled after sufficient heating and the cooling rate is such that hardening of the sheet metal alloy takes place.
- a hardened component is obtained from a steel sheet having a good cathodic corrosion protection.
- the corrosion protection according to the invention for steel sheets, which are initially formed and in particular roll-profiled and then subjected to a heat treatment and formed and hardened, is a cathodic corrosion protection which is based essentially on zinc.
- 0.1% to 15% of one or more oxygen-containing elements such as magnesium, silicon, titanium, calcium, aluminum, boron and manganese or any mixture or alloy thereof are added to the zinc forming the coating. It has been found that such small amounts of an oxygen affinity element as magnesium, silicon, titanium, calcium, aluminum, boron and manganese cause a surprising effect in this particular application.
- At least Mg, Al, Ti, Si, Ca, B, Mn are suitable according to the invention as oxygen-affine elements. When aluminum is mentioned below, this is representative of the other elements mentioned.
- the application of the coating according to the invention on a steel sheet can be done, for example, by so-called hot-dip galvanizing, i. a hot-dip coating is performed wherein a liquid mixture of zinc and the oxygen-affine element (s) is applied. Furthermore, it is possible to electrolytically apply the coating, i. to deposit the mixture of zinc and the oxygen-affine element (s) collectively on the sheet surface or first deposit a zinc layer and then sequentially deposit on the zinc surface one or more oxygen-affine elements or any mixture or alloy thereof or by vapor deposition or other suitable method deposit.
- an approximately two-layer corrosion protection layer is formed, which consists of a cathodically highly effective layer, with a high proportion of zinc and a very thin oxidation protection layer of one or more oxides (A1 2 0 3 , MgO, CaO, TiO, Si0 2 , B 2 0 3 , MnO) against oxidation and evaporation is protected.
- oxides A1 2 0 3 , MgO, CaO, TiO, Si0 2 , B 2 0 3 , MnO
- the heat treatment must be carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere. Under inert gas (acid-free atmosphere), although oxidation can be avoided, the zinc would evaporate due to the high vapor pressure.
- the corrosion protection layer according to the invention for the press-hardening process also has such a high mechanical stability that a forming step following the austenitizing of the sheets does not destroy this layer.
- the cathodic protection is at least significantly greater than the protective effect of the known anticorrosive layers for the press hardening process.
- a zinc alloy with a content of aluminum in weight percent of greater than 0.1 but less than 15%, in particular less than 10%, more preferably less than 5% on a Steel plate, in particular an alloyed steel sheet are applied, whereupon in a second step, the sheet is formed inline as a strand and heated upon access of atmospheric oxygen to a temperature above the Austenitmaschinestemperatur the sheet metal alloy and then cooled at an increased rate.
- a thin barrier phase is formed, in particular Fe 2 Al 5 _ x Zn x , which forms the Fe-Zn Diffusion in a liquid metal coating process, which takes place in particular at a temperature of up to 690 ° C., prevents.
- the sheet is formed with a zinc-metal coating with an addition of aluminum, which is effective only towards the sheet surface, as in the proximal region of the support an extremely thin barrier phase, which is effective against rapid growth of an iron-zinc compound phase, having.
- the metal layer on the sheet is first liquefied.
- the oxygenated aluminum from the zinc reacts with atmospheric oxygen to form solid oxide or alumina, resulting in a decrease in the aluminum metal concentration in this direction, which causes a steady diffusion of aluminum towards depletion, ie towards the distal region ,
- This accumulation of toner at the layer area exposed to air now acts as oxidation protection for the layered metal and as an evaporation inhibitor for the zinc.
- the aluminum is withdrawn from the proximal blocking phase by continuous diffusion towards the distal region, where it is available for forming the superficial Al 2 O 3 layer.
- the formation of a sheet metal coating is achieved, which leaves a cathodically highly effective layer with a high zinc content.
- the zinc alloy layer is applied to the sheet surface passing through a liquid metal bath at a temperature higher than 425 ° C, but lower than 690 ° C, especially at 440 ° C to 495 ° C, followed by cooling of the coated sheet, not only the proximal barrier phase can be effectively formed, or a very good diffusion inhibition can be observed in the region of the barrier layer, but it also takes place to improve the thermoforming properties of the sheet material.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention is given in a method in which a hot or cold rolled steel strip having a thickness of for example greater than 0.15 mm and having a concentration range of at least one of the alloying elements within the limits in wt .-%
- Silicon to 1.9, preferably 0.11 to 1.5
- Chromium to 1.5, preferably 0.1 to 0.9
- Molybdenum to 0.9, preferably 0.1 to 0.5
- Titanium to 0.2, preferably 0.02 to 0.1
- the surface structure of the cathodic corrosion protection according to the invention is particularly favorable for a high adhesion of paints and varnishes.
- the strip-form provided starting material with the coating according to the invention is fed to a roll forming unit and formed into a rolled section, wherein the rolled section is deformed during roll forming and then cut to length in a cutting unit to the profile components.
- at least partial areas of the rolled section are heated to a temperature required for hardening after leaving the rolling profiling unit or before entering the rolling profiling unit and are quenched in a cooling unit before being cut to length.
- the required heating takes place, for example, inductively.
- starting material provided in strip form is fed to a roll forming unit and converted into a rolled section in the roll forming unit, wherein the rolled section is deformed during roll profiling and then the rolled section is cut to length in a cutting unit to form the profile components. subse- hd the already finished cut profiles are stored in a profile storage with separation and then subjected to the hardening step by heating and cooling.
- a further advantageous embodiment provides for subjecting the separated profiles to an intermediate heat stage prior to curing under oxygen access, wherein in the intermediate heat stage, an advantageous change of the corrosion protection layer takes place and only then to a temperature required for curing.
- the latter can be done with band material as well as with cut profiles.
- open and closed profiles can be produced by inductive high-frequency welding, laser welding, spot welding, seam welding, projection welding and rolling technology.
- FIG. 1 shows schematically a device with induction coil and cooling ring for producing hardened profile components
- FIG. 3 shows a further embodiment of a device for producing the profile components
- FIG. 4 shows schematically the temperature-time profile during the production of the profile component according to the invention
- FIG. 5 shows the temperature time profile in a further advantageous embodiment of the method for producing the profile component according to the invention
- FIG. 6 the photomicrograph of the cross section of a profile component produced according to the invention with a phase composition according to the invention
- FIG. 7 SEM image of the cross section of an annealed specimen of a cathodic corrosion-protected sheet according to the invention.
- FIG. 8 shows the potential curve for the sheet according to FIG. 7
- FIG. 9 shows the SEM image of the transverse section of a heat-treated sample of a metal sheet provided with a cathodic corrosion protection according to the invention.
- FIG. 10 shows the potential curve of the sheet according to FIG. 9
- FIG. 11 SEM image of the cross section of a sheet not coated and treated according to the invention.
- FIG. 12 shows the potential profile of the sheet not according to the invention according to FIG. 11;
- FIG. 13 SEM image of the cross section of the surface of a sheet coated and heat-treated according to the invention.
- FIG. 14 shows the potential curve of the sheet according to FIG. 13;
- a profile component according to the invention with cathodic protection against corrosion was subsequently produced, as explained below, subsequently subjected to a heat treatment for hardening the profile component and rapid cooling. Subsequently, the sample was analyzed for optical and electrochemical properties. Assessment criteria were the appearance of the annealed sample and the protection energy.
- the protection energy is the measure for the electrochemical protection of the layer, which is determined by galvanostatic detachment.
- the electrochemical method of galvanostatic dissolution of the metallic surface coatings of a material allows to classify the mechanism of corrosion protection of the layer.
- the potential-time behavior of a corrosion-protective layer is determined for a given constant current flow. For the measurements, a current density of 12.7 mA / cm 2 was specified.
- the measuring arrangement is a three-electrode system.
- the counterelectrode used was a platinum network, the reference electrode consisting of Ag / AgCl (3M).
- the electrolyte consists of 100 g / 1 ZnS0 4 * 5H 2 0 and 200 g / 1 NaCl dissolved in deionized water.
- the barrier protection is characterized by the fact that it separates the base material from the corrosive medium.
- a steel sheet is hot dip galvanized with a melt consisting of 95% zinc and 5% aluminum. This shows after annealing Sheet a silvery-gray surface without missing parts.
- the transverse section (FIG. 7) shows that the coating consists of a light phase and a dark phase, the phases being Zn-Fe-Al-containing phases. The bright phases are more zinc-rich, the dark phases more iron-rich. Part of the aluminum reacted with atmospheric oxygen during the calcination and formed a protective Al 2 O 3 skin.
- the galvanostatic dissolution shows a potential of about -0.7 V required for the resolution. This value is significantly below the potential of the steel.
- a potential of approx. -0.6 V arises. This potential is also clearly below the steel potential.
- this part of the layer is used up and the necessary potential for dissolving the layer approaches the steel potential.
- This coating thus offers after the annealing in addition to the barrier protection a cathodic corrosion protection.
- the potential is up to a measurement time of 3,500 seconds at a value of ⁇ -0.6 V, so that a considerable cathodic protection is maintained over a long time, even if the sheet was fed to the austenitizing temperature.
- the potential time diagram is shown in FIG.
- the sheet is passed through a melt or through a zinc bath, with a zinc content of 99.8% and an aluminum content of 0.2%.
- Aluminum present in the zinc coating reacts with atmospheric oxygen during the calcination and forms a protective Al 2 O 3 skin. Through constant diffusion of oxygenated aluminum to the surface, this protective skin is maintained and expanded.
- After inductive heating of the sheet shows a silvery-gray surface without defects.
- said layer ( Figure 9) consists of a gray appearing phase with a composition Zn / Fe of about 30/70 and out a bright area with the composition Zn / Fe of about 80/20.
- an increased aluminum content is detectable. Due to the detection of oxides on the surface can be concluded that a thin Al 2 0 3 protective layer is present.
- the annealed material has a potential of approx. -0.75 V. After a measuring time of approx. 1,500 seconds, the potential required for the resolution increases to ⁇ -0.6 V. The phase lasts up to a measuring time of approx. 2,800 seconds. Then the required potential increases to steel potential. In this case too, in addition to barrier protection, there is cathodic corrosion protection. The potential is up to a measurement time of 2,800 seconds at a value of ⁇ -0.6 V. Thus, such a material has thus over a very long time a cathodic corrosion protection.
- the potential time diagram is shown in FIG.
- This anticorrosive layer contains some aluminum in the zinc bath, of the order of about 0.13%.
- the profile component is heated to a temperature of about 500 ° C prior to austenitizing.
- the zinc layer is completely converted into Zn-Fe phases.
- the zinc layer is thus completely, that is converted to the surface in Zn-Fe phases. This results in zinc-rich phases on the steel sheet, all of which are formed with a Zn-Fe ratio of> 70% zinc.
- This anticorrosive layer contains some aluminum in the zinc bath, of the order of about 0.13%.
- the profile component with the aforementioned fully converted coating is inductively heated to> 900 ° C.
- the result is a yellow-green surface.
- the yellow-green surface indicates oxidation of the Zn-Fe phases during annealing.
- An aluminum oxide protective layer is undetectable. The reason for the absence of an aluminum oxide protective layer can be explained by the fact that in the annealing treatment the aluminum does not migrate as quickly to the surface due to solid Zn-Fe phases and can protect the Zn-Fe coating from oxidation. When heating this material at temperatures around 500 ° C is still no liquid zinc-rich phase, because this forms only at higher temperatures of 782 ° C. When reaching 782 ° C, thermodynamically there is a liquid zinc-rich phase in which the aluminum is freely available. Nevertheless, the surface layer is not protected against oxidation.
- the corrosion protection layer is already partially oxidized at this time and no opaque aluminum oxide skin can form any more.
- the layer is wavy ragged in cross-section and consists of Zn and Zn-Fe oxides ( Figure 11).
- the surface of said material is much larger due to the highly crystalline, acicular surface finish of the surface, which could also be detrimental to the formation of a covering and thicker aluminum oxide protective layer.
- the said, non-inventive coating forms a brittle layer, with numerous cracks, both across and is provided longitudinally to the coating. As a result, in the course of the heating, both decarburization and oxidation of the steel substrates can take place, especially with cold preformed components.
- a profile component made of a sheet metal with a galvanizing as in Example 3 is subjected after the roll forming a particular short, inductive heat treatment, at about 490 ° C to 550 ° C, the zinc layer is only partially converted into Zn-Fe phases.
- the process is carried out in such a way that the phase transformation is only partially carried out and therefore not yet converted zinc with aluminum on the surface is present and thus free aluminum as oxidation protection for the zinc layer is available.
- the profile component with the heat-treated coating according to the invention and only partially converted into Zn-Fe phases is subsequently heated inductively to the required austenitizing temperature.
- the result is a surface that is gray and without defects.
- a SEM / EDX examination of the transverse section (FIG.
- the cathodic corrosion protection is negligible with a voltage difference of 100 mV to the steel potential in poorly conducting electrolytes. Although there is still a cathodic corrosion protection even with a smaller difference to the steel potential, if a current is detected when using a steel electrode, but this is negligible for practical aspects, since the corrosive medium must conduct very well, so this contribution to the cathodic Corrosion protection can be used.
- cathodic corrosion protection in the context of the invention is subsequently determined that at 15 microns thick coatings and the process and experimental conditions described at least a cathodic corrosion protection energy of 4 J / cm 2 is present.
- a zinc layer which has been deposited electrolytically on the steel sheet surface is not in itself capable of providing a corrosion protection according to the invention, even after a heating step above the austenitizing temperature.
- the invention can also be achieved with an electrodeposited coating.
- the zinc can be deposited simultaneously with the oxygen-affine elements or elements in an electrolysis step on the sheet surface simultaneously, so that a coating with a homogeneous structure is formed on the sheet surface, which contains both zinc and the or the Sauerstoffäffinen elements. When heated to the austenitizing temperature, such a coating behaves like a coating of the same composition applied to the sheet surface in the hot-dip galvanizing process.
- a first electrolysis step only zinc is deposited on the sheet surface and in a second electrolysis step, the oxygen-affine element (s) is deposited on the zinc layer.
- the second coating from the clean material-affine elements can be significantly thinner than the zinc coating.
- the outer layer located on the zinc layer oxidizes from the oxygen-affine element (s) and protects the underlying zinc with an oxide skin.
- the oxygen affinity element or elements are selected so that they do not evaporate from the zinc layer or are oxidized in a manner that does not leave a protective oxide skin.
- a zinc layer is deposited electrolytically and then a layer of the oxygen or the oxygen elements is applied by vapor deposition or other suitable coating methods of non-electrolytic type.
- the anticorrosive coatings according to the invention were mentioned for profiling a profiled strand or for roll forming and the subsequent hardening of such a profiled strand or profiled strand sections.
- the coatings according to the invention or coatings chosen according to the invention for a sheet metal component which must be subjected to a heating step are also suitable for other processes in which a steel sheet is to be provided first with a corrosion protection layer and the steel sheet coated in this way is subsequently subjected to a heating step for curing is subjected to the same and prior to heating, during the heating or after heating, a transformation of the sheet is to take place.
- the fundamental advantage of the layer is that a heated component does not have to be descaled after heating and, moreover, that a very good cathodic corrosion protection layer with a very high corrosion protection energy is available. Whenever profiles or tubes are mentioned below, this also always refers to tubes, open profiles and generally rolled profiles.
- the profile component according to the invention is produced in that a band is first passed through a forward punch and then inserted into the profiling machine.
- the strip is bent to a desired profile.
- the necessary welding is carried out in a welding device.
- the heating device being, for example, an induction coil.
- the profile is heated at least partially to an austenitizing temperature necessary for hardening.
- the cooling takes place.
- a special cooling is used which prevents the partially liquid surface layer is fused. This causes high cooling rates with low fluid pressure.
- the induction heating device which serves to heat the sheet to the austenitizing temperature may be preceded by a further heating device which leads the sheet to the first heating stage at approximately 550 ° C.
- a further heating device which leads the sheet to the first heating stage at approximately 550 ° C.
- This can be, for example, an induction heating device to which - in order to comply with the necessary periods of time - an isolated region, for example an insulated tunnel region, is connected.
- the cooling is followed by a calibration device to which the heated and quenched profile strand undergoes a calibration, whereupon the profile strand is then cut to length with a cutting unit.
- band is drawn off from a strip preparation section and punched in a forward punch in a soft state and then profiled or bent and shaped accordingly in a profiling machine.
- a welding device may also follow the profiling.
- the thus preformed profile strand is then cut with a cutting unit or cutting device to the appropriate lengths and transferred to a profile memory with separation.
- a multiplicity of profiles in particular a multiplicity of profiles of different cross sections which are also formed differently, are stored. From the profile memory with separation the desired profiles are subtracted and fed via a drive roller set the hardness level.
- the individual profiles are heated with an inductive heating already described to the temperature necessary for curing and then quenched in the form already described, that is gently.
- the cured profiles can be retrofitted on a straightening scaffold.
- a heat treatment of the coating is carried out before heating to the temperature necessary for curing.
- the profile is first heated to a temperature necessary for the heat treatment in particular 550 ° C. This heating can be done relatively quickly in an inductive heating stage, wherein, if necessary, the heat of the component for a certain time in an insulating region, for example, an iso- tunnel through which the profiles are carried out.
- the profiled and finished molded profile strands are cut to standard profile lengths and then transferred to the profile memory with separation, the profile memory stores there exclusively tubes and profiles of a certain length, for example 6m. Depending on the required profile, the profiles are then removed individually and fed to the appropriate further treatment. Even with these profiles, if necessary, a hole pattern can already be arranged.
- the profiling and in particular the arrangement of the hole pattern can be such that the thermal expansion is fully taken into account during the heat treatment and / or heating to the temperature necessary for curing, so that the component after quenching with respect to the dimensional and Position tolerances is made accurately.
- a profile component made of sheet steel which has a cathodic protection against corrosion, which reliably remains even when the sheet is heated above the austenitizing temperature. It is also advantageous that the components do not have to be reworked after curing.
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT12022003A AT412403B (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2003-07-29 | Corrosion-protection layer for hardened metallic profiled structural part of motor vehicle, has roller-formed profiled elements having affinity to oxygen, and oxide skin comprising oxides of elements |
AT0120303A AT412878B (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2003-07-29 | Method for production of a hardened profile part from a hardenable steel alloy having cathodic corrosion protection useful in the production of hardened steel sections, e.g. for automobile construction |
PCT/EP2004/006250 WO2005021820A1 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-06-09 | Method for producing a hardened profile part |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1660693A1 true EP1660693A1 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
EP1660693B1 EP1660693B1 (en) | 2014-09-17 |
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Family Applications (4)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20040739756 Expired - Lifetime EP1651789B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-06-09 | Method for producing hardened parts from sheet steel |
EP20090015813 Expired - Lifetime EP2177641B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-06-09 | Steel plate having a galvanized corrosion protection layer |
EP04739755.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1658390B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-06-09 | Method for producing a hardened steel part |
EP04736386.6A Expired - Lifetime EP1660693B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-06-09 | Method for producing a hardened profile part |
Family Applications Before (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP20040739756 Expired - Lifetime EP1651789B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-06-09 | Method for producing hardened parts from sheet steel |
EP20090015813 Expired - Lifetime EP2177641B1 (en) | 2003-07-29 | 2004-06-09 | Steel plate having a galvanized corrosion protection layer |
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EP (4) | EP1651789B1 (en) |
JP (2) | JP5113385B2 (en) |
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CN (3) | CN1829817B (en) |
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PL (2) | PL2177641T3 (en) |
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