JP4489273B2 - Body panel manufacturing method - Google Patents

Body panel manufacturing method Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4489273B2
JP4489273B2 JP2000302613A JP2000302613A JP4489273B2 JP 4489273 B2 JP4489273 B2 JP 4489273B2 JP 2000302613 A JP2000302613 A JP 2000302613A JP 2000302613 A JP2000302613 A JP 2000302613A JP 4489273 B2 JP4489273 B2 JP 4489273B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
mold
shaping
temperature
drawn
body panel
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JP2002102979A (en
Inventor
輝郎 鎌田
二郎 渡辺
啓之 奥中
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21DWORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D19/00Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes
    • B21D19/08Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws
    • B21D19/082Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws for making negative angles
    • B21D19/084Flanging or other edge treatment, e.g. of tubes by single or successive action of pressing tools, e.g. vice jaws for making negative angles with linear cams, e.g. aerial cams

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Straightening Metal Sheet-Like Bodies (AREA)
  • Mounting, Exchange, And Manufacturing Of Dies (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)

Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は金属の板材を用いた車体パネルの製造方法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
車体パネルは板材を所望の形状に成形したもので、その製造方法には、例えば、特開平6−238378号公報「薄板材の成形装置および薄板成形体の離型方法」に示されたものがある。同公報の段落番号[0019]〜[0021]によれば、この薄板成形体の離型方法は次の通りである。ただし、以下の説明は原文の要約である。
【0003】
まず、同公報の図1の金型容器4(符号は公報記載のものを流用した。以下同様。)と天板6との間にアルミニウム合金製の薄板材2を配置するとともに、金型容器4と天板6とで薄板材2の周縁部2aを挟持する。そして、金型容器4と天板6とで薄板材2を500℃前後に加熱し、薄板材2と天板6との間にガスを供給して薄板材2を金型容器4に押圧し、成形加工を施す。その後、天板6とヘッド10とで周縁部2aを挟持しながら薄板材2を金型容器4から離型させる。
このように、従来の技術は、薄板材2の周縁部2aを挟持しながら離型するようにしたので、離型用のフォークを用いる必要がなく、作業性を高めることができるというものである。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
上述の従来の技術では、成形した薄板材2を金型容器4から押し出すとともに、離型し、薄板材2を取り出した。この場合、成形した薄板材2の温度は、500℃前後、若しくは500℃前後からの降温途中にあり、まだ塑性変形しやすい温度である。この状態で取り出すと、成形した薄板材2が変形する場合がある。
【0005】
この変形を抑える目的で同公報の段落番号[0028](図4)の冷却手段13(吹出口11…、12…)を設け、成形した薄板材2を冷却するという考えがある。しかし、金型容器4及び天板6の温度はともに500℃前後を保持しており、500℃前後の雰囲気下にある薄板材2の冷却には時間がかかる。また、冷却手段13によって金型容器4及び天板6の温度は下り、2サイクル目の昇温に時間がかかる。
さらに、冷却手段13の作動が終了するまでの間、金型容器4と天板6との間に薄板材2を保持し、成形を長時間止めると、薄板成形体の成形サイクルタイムが長くなり、生産効率が低下する。
【0006】
また、薄板材2の周縁部2aは、最終製品としては使用しない部分であり、使用済みとなった時点で、除去され、廃棄処分となる。高価なアルミニウム合金製板材の廃棄量が多くなると、生産コストが嵩むため、板材の歩留りを高める必要がある。
さらに、薄板材2の周縁部2aを除去するトリミング(縁切り)工程を設ける必要があり、加工時間が増加して生産効率が低下する。
【0007】
そこで、本発明の目的は、成形精度がよく、生産効率を向上させることができ、板材の歩留りを向上させることができる車体パネルの製造方法を提供することにある。
【0008】
【課題を解決するための手段】
上記目的を達成するために請求項1は、固定金型並びに可動金型と、固定金型の周囲に配置した少なくとも3個の位置規制部材と、車体パネルのためのブランク材と、加熱手段と、整形用金型とを用い、加熱手段で所定の温度に加熱した状態のブランク材を位置規制部材にて位置決めしつつ固定金型に載せ、この状態で可動金型を固定金型に合せることで、ブランク材の周縁部を非拘束で絞り成形する熱間絞り成形工程と、得られた絞り成形品が焼戻し温度まで下がった段階で整形用金型にて絞り成形品の形状を整える整形工程と、からなる。
【0009】
熱間絞り成形工程で得られた絞り成形品を次工程の整形工程で整形するので、成形精度を向上させることができ、熱間絞り成形工程において絞り成形品を冷却するための特別な冷却時間を設定する必要はない。従って、成形サイクルタイムは短く、生産効率は向上する。
【0010】
また、熱間絞り成形工程では、加熱した状態のブランク材を位置規制部材にて位置決めしつつブランク材の周縁部を押えることなしに非拘束で絞り成形するので、ブランク材に周縁部を設けて挟む必要はない。その結果、板材の廃棄量が減少し、板材の歩留りは向上する。
【0011】
整形工程では、絞り成形品が焼戻し温度まで下がった段階で整形用金型にて絞り成形品の形状を整えるので、細部の鋭い曲げ形状が仕上り、成形精度が向上する。同時に、整えた後の仕上り成形品は温度による変形の影響を受けずに整えた後の成形形状を保持する。従って、成形精度が向上する。
また、絞り成形品が焼戻し温度まで下がった段階で成形品の形状を整えるので、焼戻しのための設備を設置する必要がなく、且つ昇温時間も発生せず、生産コストを抑えることができる。
【0012】
請求項2は、整形工程では、絞り成形品を矯正するとともに、絞り成形品の端部を加工することを特徴とする。
絞り成形品を矯正するので、熱間絞り成形工程で発生した変形部を元に戻すことができ、成形精度を維持することができる。
整形工程で絞り成形品の端部を加工することにより、より複雑な形状を整形工程の1工程に含めて加工することができる。また、熱間絞り成形工程の加熱温度より低い温度で塑性変形を行うので、成形精度を確保しやすい。
【0013】
請求項3は、整形工程では、焼戻し温度を200〜250℃の範囲に設定したことを特徴とする。
焼戻し温度が200℃未満になると、塑性変形の抵抗が大きくなり、成形精度及び生産効率は低下する。
焼戻し温度が250℃を超えると、温度が高過ぎて焼戻しの効果は期待できない。同時に、機械的性質が低下し、変形の心配がある。
整形後の変形を抑えて成形精度の向上を図りつつ、ブランク材の焼戻しを実施するには、焼戻し温度を200〜250℃の範囲に設定することが望ましい。
【0014】
【発明の実施の形態】
本発明の実施の形態を添付図に基づいて以下に説明する。なお、図面は符号の向きに見るものとする。
図1は本発明に係る車体パネルの製造方法のフローチャートであり、STはステップを示す。
【0015】
ST01:ブランクホルダを有しないプレス機、位置規制部材を配置した固定金型、可動金型、ブランク材、加熱手段、及び整形用金型を準備する。
ST02:加熱した状態のブランク材を位置規制部材にて位置決めしつつ固定金型に載せる。
ST03:可動金型を固定金型に合せ、ブランク材の周縁部を押えることなしに絞り成形する。
【0016】
ST04:得られた絞り成形品を焼戻し温度まで下げる。
ST05:焼戻し温度まで下がった段階で絞り成形品を整形用金型にセットする。
ST06:整形用金型にて絞り成形品の形状を整える。その際に、絞り成形品を矯正するとともに、絞り成形品の端部も加工する。
ST07:離型し、車体パネルを得る。
次に、ST01〜ST07を具体的に説明する。
【0017】
図2は本発明に係る熱間絞り成形工程の第1説明図である。
予めブランクホルダを有しないプレス機11、絞り成形用金型12(固定金型13、可動金型14)、ブランク材15と、図に示していない加熱手段と、整形用金型50(図6参照)とを準備する。
【0018】
固定金型13は、凸状の型21と、周囲に配置した少なくとも3個の位置規制部材22,22(1個は図に示していない)と、第1カム機構23と、第2カム機構24と、を備えたものである。
可動金型14は、内型26と、外型27と、この外型27の下方に形成した駆動部28とを備えたものである。
【0019】
ブランク材15は、車体パネルを成形するためのもので、縁31には周縁部32を設けずに、縁31を仕上り寸法に形成したもので、アルミニウム合金製素材からブランキングで打ち抜いたものである。アルミニウム合金としては、例えば、Al−Mg−Si系合金(6000系)の板材を用いた。
【0020】
準備後、まず、このブランク材15を加熱手段で所定の温度に加熱する。加熱温度は500〜550℃の範囲に設定した。その次に、この温度に加熱した状態のブランク材15を位置規制部材22・・・(・・・は複数を示す。以下同様。)にて位置決めしつつ固定金型13の型21上に想像線の如く載せる。なお、ブランク材15は加熱した状態にあり、機械的性質は低下し、そのため、縁31は自重で下がる。
その後で、可動金型14の圧下を矢印▲1▼の如く開始する。
【0021】
図3は本発明に係る熱間絞り成形工程の第2説明図である。
可動金型14を固定金型13に合せ、且つ第1段目の荷重F1で加圧し、ブランク材15の周縁部を挟んで押えることなしに非拘束で絞り成形する。その際、ブランク材15の温度が500〜550℃の範囲内になるように温度を保つ。
【0022】
図に示すように、ブランク材15の周縁部32(図2参照)を挟んで押えることなしに非拘束で絞り成形するので、アルミニウム合金製素材の廃棄量を少なくすることができ、板材の歩留りを向上させることができる。
【0023】
図4(a),(b)は本発明に係る熱間絞り成形工程の第3説明図である。
(a):引続き、可動金型14を第2段目の荷重F2(F2>F1)で加圧し、外型27のみを矢印▲2▼の如く圧下し、一方の端部34をL形に曲げ成形する。そして、一旦、可動金型14の下降を停止する。
【0024】
(b):一方、荷重F2の加圧の完了〜下降の一旦停止の間に、第1カム機構23を矢印の如く駆動し、他方の端部35をZ形に曲げ成形する。その後、可動金型14の下降を再開し、下降する駆動部28で第1カム機構23のポンチ36を矢印▲3▼方向に駆動し、穴開け(ピアシング工程)を実施する。これで、ブランク材15(図2参照)から絞り成形品37を得る。
可動金型14による加圧完了後、絞り成形品37を冷却せずに可動金型14を矢印▲4▼の如く後退させ、型開を行う。
【0025】
なお、図2で500℃に達した時点〜図4の型開の時点までに要する所要時間をP1とし、溶体化処理に必要な保持時間をK1としたときに、この所要時間P1と保持時間K1は、例えば、60秒程度に設定するのが望ましい。
【0026】
図3、図4に示す熱間絞り成形工程では、ブランク材15の温度を500〜550℃の範囲に保持するので、塑性変形の抵抗は極めて小さく、且つ伸びは大きく、ブランク材15のスプリングバックはほとんど発生しない。従って、絞り成形品37の寸法精度を向上させることができる。
また、ブランク材15を500〜550℃の範囲の温度で、保持時間K1だけ保持するので、溶体化処理を実施することができる。
【0027】
図5は本発明に係る熱間絞り成形工程の第4説明図である。
型開後、成形品を取り出し、絞り成形品37が完成するとともに、熱間絞り成形工程の1サイクル目が完了する。続けて、図2に戻って2サイクル目を開始する。
熱間絞り成形工程では、絞り成形用金型12内で絞り成形品37を冷却するための冷却時間を設定することなく、絞り成形品37を取り出すので、冷却による停止時間が発生せず、成形サイクルタイムの短縮を図ることができるとともに、生産効率の向上を図ることができる。
【0028】
また、絞り成形用金型12内で絞り成形品37を冷却しないので、絞り成形用金型12の温度は低下し難く、2サイクル目のブランク材15を500〜550℃の範囲に保持するための温度管理は容易になる。従って、成形サイクルタイムを短くすることができる。
【0029】
次に整形工程を説明する。
得られた絞り成形品37を焼戻し温度まで下げる。この場合、急冷するのが望ましい。
焼戻し温度は、200〜250℃の範囲に設定した。
焼戻し温度が200℃未満になると、塑性変形の抵抗が大きくなり、成形精度及び生産効率は低下する。
一方、焼戻し温度が250℃を超えると、温度が高過ぎて焼戻しによる所望の効果は小さくなり、好ましくない。また、機械的性質は温度の上昇に比例して低下するため、次工程の整形工程で変形が起きる心配がある。
成形精度の向上を図り、ブランク材の焼戻しを実施するには、焼戻し温度を200〜250℃の範囲に設定することが望ましい。
【0030】
図6は本発明に係る整形工程の第1説明図である。
絞り成形品37の温度が焼戻し温度まで下がった段階で、整形用金型50に絞り成形品37をセットする。具体的には、整形用金型50は、固定金型51と、可動金型52とからなる。固定金型51は、中央に設けた中央整形型53と、この中央整形型53の一方に移動可能に配置した第1移動整形型54と、他方に移動可能に配置した第2移動整形型55と、第1移動整形型54に取付けた端部整形型56と、第2移動整形型55に取付けた第3カム機構57とを備えたものである。なお、中央整形型53、第1、第2移動整形型54,55で一体的な固定整形型58を形成する。
【0031】
可動金型52は、内側の可動整形型61と、外型62と、この外型62の下方に形成した駆動部63とを備えるものである。
図に示すように、可動金型52を上限で待機させ、且つ固定金型51の第1、第2移動整形型54,55を後退限で止め、固定整形型58へ絞り成形品37を矢印▲5▼の如く搬入するとともに、想像線のように被せてセットする。そして、可動金型52の圧下を矢印▲6▼の如く開始する。
【0032】
図7(a),(b)は本発明に係る整形工程の第2説明図である。
(a):可動金型52を固定金型51に合せ、且つ第1段目の荷重F3で加圧し、固定整形型58と可動整形型61とで絞り成形品37の中央部の形状を整える。この後、他方の端部35を整え、さらに一方の端部34を加工する。
【0033】
(b):可動金型52が下限に達した型閉状態において、端部整形型56をシリンダ64で矢印▲7▼の如く前進させ、他方の端部35のZ形曲げの形状を整える。この工程で絞り成形品37の形状を整える工程は終了し、仕上り成形品66を得る。なお、整形後、端部整形型56はシリンダ64で後退限まで戻る。
【0034】
図のように熱間絞り成形工程で得られた絞り成形品37の形状を整形工程で整えるので、絞り成形後に特別な冷却時間を設定することなく、絞り成形品37を取り出すことができる。その結果、成形サイクルタイムを短く設定することができ、生産効率の向上を図ることができる。
【0035】
この整形工程では、絞り成形品37が所望の焼戻し温度(200〜250℃)まで下がった段階で整形用金型50にて絞り成形品37の形状を整えるので、細部の鋭い曲げ形状が仕上り、成形精度が向上する。同時に、整えた後の仕上り成形品66は温度による変形の影響を受けずに整えた後の成形形状を保持する。従って、成形精度が向上する。
【0036】
また、図7(a),(b)の整形工程では、同時に絞り成形品37を矯正する。すなわち、固定整形型58と可動整形型61とで絞り成形品37の中央部の形状を矯正し、端部整形型56で他方の端部35のZ形曲げの形状を矯正し、仕上り成形品66を得る。
【0037】
絞り成形品37を矯正するので、熱間絞り成形工程で発生した変形部を元に戻すことができ、成形精度を維持することができる。同時に、矯正した後の仕上り成形品66は温度による変形の影響を受けずに矯正した後の成形形状を保持する。従って、成形精度を維持することができる。
【0038】
その上、絞り成形品37が焼戻し温度まで下がった段階で絞り成形品37の形状を整えるので、焼戻しのための加熱設備を設置する必要がなく、且つ昇温時間も発生せず、生産コストを抑えることができる。
【0039】
図8(a)〜(c)は本発明に係る整形工程の第3説明図である。
(a):絞り成形品37の一方の端部34を加工する。具体的には、型閉状態で、第3カム機構57のシリンダ67で型68を前進(矢印方向)させ、型68で端部34をZ形に曲げる。
【0040】
(b):引続き、可動金型52を第2段目の荷重F4(F4>F3)で加圧し、外型62のみを矢印▲8▼の如く下降させ、下降する駆動部63で第3カム機構57のポンチ71を矢印▲9▼方向に駆動し、穴開け(ピアシング工程)を実施する。(c)は穴開けの詳細を示し、端部34の曲げ加工に続いて、端部34にポンチ71で穴72を加工したことを示す。その後、型開を行うと、ポンチ71はリターンスプリング73で戻る。
【0041】
なお、焼入れで250℃に達した時点〜図8の型開の時点までに要する所要時間をP2とし、焼戻しに必要な保持時間をK2としたときに、この所要時間P2と保持時間K2は、例えば、60秒程度に設定するのが望ましい。
【0042】
このように、整形工程で絞り成形品の端部34を加工することにより、より複雑な形状を整形することができるとともに、より複雑な形状を整形工程の1工程に含めて加工することができる。従って、生産効率の向上を図ることができる。
【0043】
また、熱間絞り成形工程の加熱温度500〜550℃より低い温度200〜250℃で塑性変形を行うので、成形精度を確保しやすい。
さらに、熱間絞り成形工程の加熱温度500〜550℃より低い温度200〜250℃で塑性変形を行うと、曲げ成形後の表面肌は荒くならず、仕上りをよくすることができる。
【0044】
その上、絞り成形品37を200〜250℃の範囲の温度で、保持時間K2だけ保持するので、焼戻しを実施することができる。
【0045】
図9(a),(b)は本発明に係る整形工程の第4説明図である。
(a):成形した車体パネル76を取り出す。具体的には、型開後、第1移動整形型54をシリンダ74で前進させ、第1移動整形型54を離型する。同時に、第2移動整形型55をシリンダ75で前進させ、第2移動整形型55を離型する。
(b):最後に、中央整形型53から取り外し、車体パネル76を得る。
【0046】
次に、本発明に係る車体パネルの製造方法を線図で補足説明する。
図10は本発明に係る車体パネルの製造方法の熱処理要領を示した線図であり、横軸を時間とし、縦軸を温度とした加熱線図である。
まず、ブランク材15(図2参照)を所望の昇温速度で昇温し、昇温開始から時間M1で、温度を温度T1(例えば、500℃)〜温度T2(例えば、550℃)の範囲内まで上げる。そのブランク材15を固定金型13に載せ(時間M2)、絞り成形し、時間M3で型開を実施する。この間において、温度T1〜温度T2の範囲内の温度を保持時間K1だけ保ち、溶体化処理を実施する。
【0047】
型開後、急冷し、温度T4(例えば、250℃)まで降温して焼入れを行う。焼入れ後、整形用金型50(図6参照)にセット(時間M5)し、整形し、時間M6で型開を実施する。この間において、温度T3(例えば、200℃)〜温度T4の範囲内の温度を保持時間K2だけ保ち、焼戻しを実施する。
【0048】
このように、成形加工(整形含む)と、アルミニウム合金の熱処理とを同時並行的に実施するので、工程を集約することができ、成形精度の向上を図るとともに、生産効率の向上を図ることができる。
【0049】
尚、本発明の実施の形態に示した図2の絞り成形用金型12、及び図6の整形用金型50は一例であって、これに限定するものではない。例えば、絞り成形用金型12及び整形用金型50に各々加熱手段を設けてもよい。この場合、絞り成形用金型12の加熱手段でブランク材15の昇温、及び温度保持を実施してもよく、整形用金型50の加熱手段でブランク材15の温度保持を実施してもよい。
【0050】
また、本発明の実施の形態に示した車体パネルの形状は一例であり、車体の位置によって車体パネルの形状は異なり、当然、絞り成形用金型12、及び整形用金型50の型は異なる。同様に、端部の曲げ形状は一例であり、これに限定しない。
【0051】
ここでは、ブランクホルダをプレス機の一部としたが、ブランクホルダを金型の一部として構成した場合は、「ブランクホルダを有しない金型」を準備し、且つ使用するということになる。
【0052】
【発明の効果】
本発明は上記構成により次の効果を発揮する。
請求項1では、所定の温度に加熱した状態のブランク材を位置規制部材にて位置決めしつつ固定金型に載せ、ブランク材の周縁部を非拘束で絞り成形する熱間絞り成形工程と、得られた絞り成形品が焼戻し温度まで下がった段階で整形用金型にて絞り成形品の形状を整える整形工程と、からなる。
整形工程で絞り成形品を整形するので、成形精度を向上させることができる。その結果、熱間絞り成形工程の際に、絞り成形品を冷却するための特別な冷却時間を設定する必要はなく、成形サイクルタイムを短縮することができるとともに、生産効率の向上を図ることができる。
【0053】
また、熱間絞り成形工程では、加熱した状態のブランク材を位置規制部材にて位置決めしつつブランク材の周縁部を押えることなしに非拘束で絞り成形するので、ブランク材に周縁部を設けて挟む必要はない。その結果、板材の廃棄量が減少し、板材の歩留りを向上させることができる。
【0054】
請求項2の整形工程では、絞り成形品を矯正するとともに、絞り成形品の端部を加工する。絞り成形品を矯正するので、熱間絞り成形工程で発生した変形部を元に戻すことができ、成形精度を維持することができる。
また、絞り成形品の端部を加工することにより、より複雑な形状を整形工程の1工程に含めて加工することができ、成形の範囲を拡大することができるとともに、生産効率の向上を図ることができる。
さらに、熱間絞り成形工程の加熱温度より低い温度で塑性変形を行うので、成形精度を確保しやすい。
【0055】
請求項3の整形工程では、焼戻し温度を200〜250℃の範囲に設定したので、所望の機械的性質を確保して変形を抑えることができ、成形精度の向上を図ることができる。また、同時並行的に、ブランク材の焼戻しを実施することができ、生産効率の向上を図ることができる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】本発明に係る車体パネルの製造方法のフローチャート
【図2】本発明に係る熱間絞り成形工程の第1説明図
【図3】本発明に係る熱間絞り成形工程の第2説明図
【図4】本発明に係る熱間絞り成形工程の第3説明図
【図5】本発明に係る熱間絞り成形工程の第4説明図
【図6】本発明に係る整形工程の第1説明図
【図7】本発明に係る整形工程の第2説明図
【図8】本発明に係る整形工程の第3説明図
【図9】本発明に係る整形工程の第4説明図
【図10】本発明に係る車体パネルの製造方法の熱処理要領を示した線図
【符号の説明】
11…プレス機、2…絞り成形用金型、13…固定金型、14…可動金型、15…ブランク材、22…位置規制部材、31…縁、32…周縁部、34…絞り成形品の端部(一方の端部)、37…絞り成形品、50…整形用金型、76…車体パネル。
[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a vehicle body panel using a metal plate material.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The vehicle body panel is obtained by molding a plate material into a desired shape, and the manufacturing method thereof is disclosed in, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-238378 “Thin plate material forming apparatus and thin plate molded body release method”. is there. According to paragraph numbers [0019] to [0021] of this publication, the method for releasing the thin plate molded body is as follows. However, the following explanation is a summary of the original text.
[0003]
First, an aluminum alloy thin plate material 2 is disposed between the mold container 4 of FIG. 1 of the same publication (the reference numerals are those used in the publication; the same applies hereinafter) and the top plate 6, and the mold container is used. 4 and the top plate 6 sandwich the peripheral edge 2a of the thin plate 2. Then, the thin plate material 2 is heated to about 500 ° C. by the mold container 4 and the top plate 6, gas is supplied between the thin plate material 2 and the top plate 6, and the thin plate material 2 is pressed against the mold container 4. Then, the molding process is performed. Thereafter, the thin plate member 2 is released from the mold container 4 while the peripheral edge 2 a is sandwiched between the top plate 6 and the head 10.
As described above, the conventional technique releases the mold while sandwiching the peripheral edge portion 2a of the thin plate member 2. Therefore, it is not necessary to use a release fork, and the workability can be improved. .
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the above-described conventional technique, the molded thin plate material 2 is extruded from the mold container 4 and is released from the mold, and the thin plate material 2 is taken out. In this case, the temperature of the formed thin plate member 2 is about 500 ° C. or in the middle of lowering the temperature from about 500 ° C., and is still easy to plastically deform. If it takes out in this state, the shape | molded thin board | plate material 2 may deform | transform.
[0005]
In order to suppress this deformation, there is an idea that the cooling means 13 (air outlets 11..., 12...) Of paragraph number [0028] (FIG. 4) of the publication is provided to cool the formed thin plate material 2. However, the temperatures of the mold container 4 and the top plate 6 are both kept around 500 ° C., and it takes time to cool the thin plate material 2 in the atmosphere around 500 ° C. Further, the temperature of the mold container 4 and the top plate 6 is lowered by the cooling means 13, and it takes time to raise the temperature in the second cycle.
Furthermore, if the thin plate material 2 is held between the mold container 4 and the top plate 6 until the operation of the cooling means 13 is completed and the molding is stopped for a long time, the molding cycle time of the thin plate molded body becomes longer. , Production efficiency decreases.
[0006]
Further, the peripheral edge portion 2a of the thin plate member 2 is a portion that is not used as a final product, and is removed and disposed of when it is used. When the amount of expensive aluminum alloy sheet material discarded increases, the production cost increases, and it is necessary to increase the yield of the sheet material.
Furthermore, it is necessary to provide a trimming (edge cutting) step for removing the peripheral edge 2a of the thin plate member 2, which increases the processing time and decreases the production efficiency.
[0007]
Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a vehicle body panel that has good forming accuracy, can improve production efficiency, and can improve the yield of plate materials.
[0008]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to achieve the above object, claim 1 includes a fixed mold and a movable mold, at least three position restricting members arranged around the fixed mold, a blank for a vehicle body panel, and a heating means. Using the shaping mold, the blank material heated to a predetermined temperature by the heating means is placed on the fixed mold while being positioned by the position regulating member, and in this state, the movable mold is matched with the fixed mold. Thus, a hot drawing process in which the peripheral edge of the blank material is drawn without restriction, and a shaping process in which the shape of the drawn product is adjusted with a shaping mold when the obtained drawn product is lowered to the tempering temperature. And consist of
[0009]
Since the drawn product obtained in the hot drawing process is shaped in the next shaping process, the molding accuracy can be improved, and a special cooling time for cooling the drawn product in the hot drawing process There is no need to set. Therefore, the molding cycle time is short and the production efficiency is improved.
[0010]
Further, in the hot drawing process, the blank material in a heated state is positioned by the position regulating member and is drawn without restraining the peripheral edge of the blank, so the peripheral edge is provided on the blank. There is no need to pinch. As a result, the amount of discarded plate material is reduced, and the yield of the plate material is improved.
[0011]
In the shaping process, since the shape of the drawn molded product is adjusted with a shaping mold when the drawn molded product is lowered to the tempering temperature, a sharp bent shape in detail is finished and the molding accuracy is improved. At the same time, the finished molded product after the trimming maintains the molded shape after the trimming without being affected by deformation due to temperature. Accordingly, the molding accuracy is improved.
In addition, since the shape of the molded product is adjusted when the drawn product is lowered to the tempering temperature, it is not necessary to install equipment for tempering, and the temperature rise time does not occur, so that the production cost can be suppressed.
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the shaping step, the drawn product is corrected and the end portion of the drawn product is processed.
Since the drawn product is corrected, the deformed part generated in the hot drawing process can be restored, and the forming accuracy can be maintained.
By processing the end of the drawn product in the shaping process, a more complex shape can be included in one process of the shaping process. Moreover, since plastic deformation is performed at a temperature lower than the heating temperature in the hot drawing process, it is easy to ensure molding accuracy.
[0013]
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the tempering temperature is set in a range of 200 to 250 ° C. in the shaping step.
When the tempering temperature is less than 200 ° C., the resistance to plastic deformation increases, and the molding accuracy and production efficiency decrease.
When the tempering temperature exceeds 250 ° C., the temperature is too high to expect the effect of tempering. At the same time, the mechanical properties are degraded and there is a risk of deformation.
In order to temper the blank while suppressing deformation after shaping and improving the molding accuracy, it is desirable to set the tempering temperature in the range of 200 to 250 ° C.
[0014]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The drawings are viewed in the direction of the reference numerals.
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a vehicle body panel according to the present invention, and ST indicates a step.
[0015]
ST01: A press machine having no blank holder, a fixed mold having a position restricting member, a movable mold, a blank material, a heating means, and a shaping mold are prepared.
ST02: The heated blank material is placed on the fixed mold while being positioned by the position regulating member.
ST03: Match the movable mold to the fixed mold, and draw-mold without pressing the peripheral edge of the blank.
[0016]
ST04: The obtained drawn product is lowered to the tempering temperature.
ST05: When the temperature is lowered to the tempering temperature, the drawn product is set in a shaping die.
ST06: The shape of the drawn product is adjusted with a shaping die. At that time, the drawn product is corrected and the end of the drawn product is also processed.
ST07: Release and obtain a vehicle body panel.
Next, ST01 to ST07 will be specifically described.
[0017]
FIG. 2 is a first explanatory view of a hot drawing process according to the present invention.
Pre-press machine 11 having no blank holder, drawing mold 12 (fixed mold 13 and movable mold 14), blank material 15, heating means not shown in the figure, and shaping mold 50 (FIG. 6) Prepare).
[0018]
The fixed mold 13 includes a convex mold 21, at least three position restricting members 22 and 22 (one is not shown), a first cam mechanism 23, and a second cam mechanism. 24.
The movable mold 14 includes an inner mold 26, an outer mold 27, and a drive unit 28 formed below the outer mold 27.
[0019]
The blank material 15 is for molding a vehicle body panel, and the edge 31 is formed with a finished dimension without providing the peripheral edge 32, and is blanked from an aluminum alloy material by blanking. is there. As the aluminum alloy, for example, an Al—Mg—Si alloy (6000 series) plate was used.
[0020]
After the preparation, the blank material 15 is first heated to a predetermined temperature by a heating means. The heating temperature was set in the range of 500 to 550 ° C. Next, the blank 15 in a state heated to this temperature is imagined on the mold 21 of the fixed mold 13 while being positioned by the position restricting members 22 (... indicates a plurality, the same applies hereinafter). Put it like a line. In addition, the blank material 15 exists in the heated state, and a mechanical property falls, Therefore, the edge 31 falls with dead weight.
Thereafter, the reduction of the movable mold 14 is started as indicated by the arrow (1).
[0021]
FIG. 3 is a second explanatory view of the hot drawing process according to the present invention.
The movable mold 14 is matched with the fixed mold 13 and is pressed with a first-stage load F1, and is drawn without restriction without pressing the peripheral edge portion of the blank material 15. In that case, temperature is maintained so that the temperature of the blank material 15 may exist in the range of 500-550 degreeC.
[0022]
As shown in the drawing, since the drawing is performed without restraining without pressing the peripheral edge portion 32 (see FIG. 2) of the blank material 15, the amount of discarded aluminum alloy material can be reduced, and the yield of the plate material can be reduced. Can be improved.
[0023]
4A and 4B are third explanatory views of the hot drawing process according to the present invention.
(A): Subsequently, the movable die 14 is pressurized with the second-stage load F2 (F2> F1), and only the outer die 27 is crushed as shown by the arrow (2), and one end 34 is made L-shaped. Bending. Then, the lowering of the movable mold 14 is temporarily stopped.
[0024]
(B): On the other hand, the first cam mechanism 23 is driven as indicated by an arrow during the completion of the pressurization of the load F2 to the temporary stop of the lowering, and the other end 35 is bent into a Z shape. Thereafter, the lowering of the movable mold 14 is resumed, and the driving unit 28 that is lowered drives the punch 36 of the first cam mechanism 23 in the direction of the arrow (3) to perform drilling (piercing process). In this way, a draw-formed product 37 is obtained from the blank material 15 (see FIG. 2).
After the pressurization by the movable mold 14 is completed, the movable mold 14 is retracted as shown by the arrow (4) without cooling the drawn product 37, and the mold is opened.
[0025]
In FIG. 2, the required time from the time of reaching 500 ° C. to the time of mold opening in FIG. 4 is P1, and the holding time required for the solution treatment is K1, and the required time P1 and the holding time. For example, K1 is desirably set to about 60 seconds.
[0026]
In the hot drawing process shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, since the temperature of the blank 15 is maintained in the range of 500 to 550 ° C., the resistance to plastic deformation is extremely small and the elongation is large, and the spring back of the blank 15 is spring-backed. Hardly occurs. Accordingly, the dimensional accuracy of the drawn product 37 can be improved.
Moreover, since the blank material 15 is hold | maintained for the holding time K1 at the temperature of the range of 500-550 degreeC, a solution treatment can be implemented.
[0027]
FIG. 5 is a fourth explanatory view of the hot drawing process according to the present invention.
After the mold is opened, the molded product is taken out to complete the drawn product 37, and the first cycle of the hot drawing process is completed. Subsequently, returning to FIG. 2, the second cycle is started.
In the hot drawing process, the drawing product 37 is taken out without setting the cooling time for cooling the drawing product 37 in the drawing mold 12, so that the stop time due to cooling does not occur and molding is performed. The cycle time can be shortened and the production efficiency can be improved.
[0028]
Further, since the drawn product 37 is not cooled in the drawing mold 12, the temperature of the drawing mold 12 is not easily lowered, and the blank material 15 in the second cycle is held in the range of 500 to 550 ° C. Temperature management becomes easy. Therefore, the molding cycle time can be shortened.
[0029]
Next, the shaping process will be described.
The obtained drawn product 37 is lowered to the tempering temperature. In this case, it is desirable to cool rapidly.
The tempering temperature was set in the range of 200 to 250 ° C.
When the tempering temperature is less than 200 ° C., the resistance to plastic deformation increases, and the molding accuracy and production efficiency decrease.
On the other hand, if the tempering temperature exceeds 250 ° C., the temperature is too high and the desired effect of tempering is reduced, which is not preferable. Further, since the mechanical properties decrease in proportion to the temperature increase, there is a concern that deformation may occur in the subsequent shaping process.
In order to improve the molding accuracy and to temper the blank material, it is desirable to set the tempering temperature in the range of 200 to 250 ° C.
[0030]
FIG. 6 is a first explanatory view of the shaping process according to the present invention.
When the temperature of the drawn product 37 has dropped to the tempering temperature, the drawn product 37 is set in the shaping die 50. Specifically, the shaping mold 50 includes a fixed mold 51 and a movable mold 52. The fixed mold 51 includes a central shaping mold 53 provided at the center, a first movement shaping mold 54 disposed so as to be movable in one of the central shaping molds 53, and a second movement shaping mold 55 disposed so as to be movable in the other. And an end shaping die 56 attached to the first movement shaping die 54 and a third cam mechanism 57 attached to the second movement shaping die 55. The central shaping mold 53 and the first and second movement shaping molds 54 and 55 form an integrated fixed shaping mold 58.
[0031]
The movable mold 52 includes an inner movable shaping mold 61, an outer mold 62, and a drive unit 63 formed below the outer mold 62.
As shown in the figure, the movable mold 52 is made to wait at the upper limit, the first and second moving shaping molds 54 and 55 of the fixed mold 51 are stopped at the retreat limit, and the drawn article 37 is moved to the fixed shaping mold 58 by the arrow Carry it in as shown in (5) and set it over the imaginary line. Then, the reduction of the movable mold 52 is started as indicated by the arrow (6).
[0032]
7A and 7B are second explanatory views of the shaping process according to the present invention.
(A): The movable mold 52 is matched with the fixed mold 51 and pressed with the first-stage load F3, and the shape of the central portion of the drawn article 37 is adjusted by the fixed shaping mold 58 and the movable shaping mold 61. . Thereafter, the other end 35 is trimmed, and one end 34 is further processed.
[0033]
(B): When the movable mold 52 reaches the lower limit, the end shaping die 56 is advanced by the cylinder 64 as shown by the arrow (7), and the Z-shaped bending shape of the other end 35 is adjusted. In this step, the step of adjusting the shape of the drawn molded product 37 is finished, and a finished molded product 66 is obtained. After the shaping, the end shaping die 56 is returned to the retreat limit by the cylinder 64.
[0034]
Since the shape of the drawn product 37 obtained in the hot drawing process is adjusted in the shaping process as shown in the figure, the drawn product 37 can be taken out without setting a special cooling time after the drawing. As a result, the molding cycle time can be set short and the production efficiency can be improved.
[0035]
In this shaping process, the shape of the drawn article 37 is adjusted by the shaping mold 50 when the drawn article 37 is lowered to a desired tempering temperature (200 to 250 ° C.), so that a sharp bent shape with a fine detail is finished. Molding accuracy is improved. At the same time, the finished molded product 66 after the trimming maintains the molded shape after the trimming without being affected by deformation due to temperature. Accordingly, the molding accuracy is improved.
[0036]
Further, in the shaping process of FIGS. 7A and 7B, the drawn product 37 is simultaneously corrected. That is, the fixed shaping die 58 and the movable shaping die 61 correct the shape of the central portion of the draw-molded product 37, and the end shaping die 56 corrects the Z-shaped bending shape of the other end portion 35 to obtain a finished molded product. 66 is obtained.
[0037]
Since the drawn product 37 is corrected, the deformed portion generated in the hot drawing process can be restored, and the forming accuracy can be maintained. At the same time, the finished molded product 66 after correction maintains the molded shape after correction without being affected by deformation due to temperature. Therefore, molding accuracy can be maintained.
[0038]
In addition, since the shape of the draw-formed product 37 is adjusted when the draw-formed product 37 is lowered to the tempering temperature, it is not necessary to install a heating equipment for tempering, and no heating time is generated, thereby reducing the production cost. Can be suppressed.
[0039]
8A to 8C are third explanatory views of the shaping process according to the present invention.
(A): One end 34 of the drawn product 37 is processed. Specifically, in the mold closed state, the mold 68 is moved forward (arrow direction) by the cylinder 67 of the third cam mechanism 57, and the end portion 34 is bent into a Z shape by the mold 68.
[0040]
(B): Subsequently, the movable mold 52 is pressurized with the second stage load F4 (F4> F3), and only the outer mold 62 is lowered as indicated by the arrow (8), and the third cam is driven by the descending drive unit 63. The punch 71 of the mechanism 57 is driven in the direction of the arrow {circle around (9)} to make a hole (piercing process). (C) shows details of the drilling, and shows that the hole 72 was machined by the punch 71 in the end 34 following the bending of the end 34. Thereafter, when the mold is opened, the punch 71 is returned by the return spring 73.
[0041]
In addition, when the required time required from the time of reaching 250 ° C. to the time of mold opening in FIG. 8 is P2, and the holding time required for tempering is K2, the required time P2 and the holding time K2 are: For example, it is desirable to set to about 60 seconds.
[0042]
In this way, by processing the end portion 34 of the drawn product in the shaping process, it is possible to shape a more complicated shape and to process a more complicated shape by including it in one step of the shaping process. . Therefore, the production efficiency can be improved.
[0043]
Moreover, since plastic deformation is performed at a temperature of 200 to 250 ° C. lower than the heating temperature of 500 to 550 ° C. in the hot drawing process, it is easy to ensure molding accuracy.
Furthermore, when plastic deformation is performed at a temperature of 200 to 250 ° C., which is lower than the heating temperature of 500 to 550 ° C. in the hot drawing process, the surface skin after bending is not roughened and the finish can be improved.
[0044]
In addition, since the drawn product 37 is held at a temperature in the range of 200 to 250 ° C. for the holding time K2, tempering can be performed.
[0045]
9A and 9B are fourth explanatory views of the shaping process according to the present invention.
(A): The molded body panel 76 is taken out. Specifically, after the mold is opened, the first movement shaping mold 54 is advanced by the cylinder 74, and the first movement shaping mold 54 is released. At the same time, the second movement shaping mold 55 is advanced by the cylinder 75, and the second movement shaping mold 55 is released.
(B): Finally, the vehicle body panel 76 is obtained by removing from the central shaping mold 53.
[0046]
Next, the method for manufacturing a vehicle body panel according to the present invention will be supplementarily described with a diagram.
FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the heat treatment procedure of the vehicle body panel manufacturing method according to the present invention, and is a heating diagram in which the horizontal axis represents time and the vertical axis represents temperature.
First, the blank material 15 (see FIG. 2) is heated at a desired temperature increase rate, and the temperature is in the range of temperature T1 (for example, 500 ° C.) to temperature T2 (for example, 550 ° C.) at time M1 from the start of temperature increase. Raise it to the inside. The blank 15 is placed on the fixed mold 13 (time M2), drawn, and the mold is opened at time M3. During this time, the temperature in the range of the temperature T1 to the temperature T2 is maintained for the holding time K1, and the solution treatment is performed.
[0047]
After the mold is opened, it is rapidly cooled and cooled to a temperature T4 (for example, 250 ° C.) for quenching. After quenching, it is set (time M5) in the shaping mold 50 (see FIG. 6), shaped, and opened at time M6. During this time, tempering is performed while maintaining the temperature within the range of the temperature T3 (for example, 200 ° C.) to the temperature T4 for the holding time K2.
[0048]
As described above, since the forming process (including shaping) and the heat treatment of the aluminum alloy are performed simultaneously, the processes can be consolidated, and the forming accuracy can be improved and the production efficiency can be improved. it can.
[0049]
Note that the drawing mold 12 in FIG. 2 and the shaping mold 50 in FIG. 6 shown in the embodiment of the present invention are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto. For example, each of the drawing mold 12 and the shaping mold 50 may be provided with heating means. In this case, the temperature of the blank 15 may be raised and held by the heating means of the drawing mold 12, or the temperature of the blank 15 may be held by the heating of the shaping mold 50. Good.
[0050]
Further, the shape of the vehicle body panel shown in the embodiment of the present invention is an example, and the shape of the vehicle body panel varies depending on the position of the vehicle body. Naturally, the shapes of the drawing mold 12 and the shaping mold 50 are different. . Similarly, the bent shape of the end is an example, and the present invention is not limited to this.
[0051]
Here, the blank holder is a part of the press, but when the blank holder is configured as a part of the mold, a “mold having no blank holder” is prepared and used.
[0052]
【The invention's effect】
The present invention exhibits the following effects by the above configuration.
In claim 1, a hot drawing process in which a blank material heated to a predetermined temperature is placed on a stationary mold while being positioned by a position regulating member, and a peripheral edge of the blank material is drawn without restriction. And a shaping step of adjusting the shape of the drawn molded article with a shaping mold when the drawn drawn article is lowered to the tempering temperature.
Since the drawn product is shaped in the shaping process, the molding accuracy can be improved. As a result, there is no need to set a special cooling time for cooling the drawn product during the hot drawing process, and the molding cycle time can be shortened and the production efficiency can be improved. it can.
[0053]
In the hot drawing process, the blank material is heated and positioned by the position regulating member, and the blank material is drawn without restriction without pressing the peripheral edge portion. There is no need to pinch. As a result, the discard amount of the plate material is reduced, and the yield of the plate material can be improved.
[0054]
In the shaping process according to the second aspect, the drawn product is corrected and the end of the drawn product is processed. Since the drawn product is corrected, the deformed part generated in the hot drawing process can be restored, and the forming accuracy can be maintained.
Further, by processing the end of the drawn product, a more complicated shape can be included in one shaping step, the range of molding can be expanded, and production efficiency can be improved. be able to.
Furthermore, since plastic deformation is performed at a temperature lower than the heating temperature in the hot drawing process, it is easy to ensure molding accuracy.
[0055]
In the shaping process according to the third aspect, since the tempering temperature is set in the range of 200 to 250 ° C., the desired mechanical properties can be ensured and deformation can be suppressed, and the molding accuracy can be improved. In addition, the blank material can be tempered in parallel and the production efficiency can be improved.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a method for manufacturing a vehicle body panel according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a first explanatory diagram of a hot drawing process according to the present invention. FIG. 3 is a second description of a hot drawing process according to the present invention. FIG. 4 is a third explanatory diagram of a hot drawing process according to the present invention. FIG. 5 is a fourth explanatory diagram of a hot drawing process according to the present invention. FIG. 6 is a first shaping process according to the present invention. FIG. 7 is a second explanatory diagram of the shaping step according to the present invention. FIG. 8 is a third explanatory diagram of the shaping step according to the present invention. FIG. 9 is a fourth explanatory diagram of the shaping step according to the present invention. A diagram showing the heat treatment procedure of the method for manufacturing a vehicle body panel according to the present invention
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Press machine, 2 ... Drawing die, 13 ... Fixed die, 14 ... Movable die, 15 ... Blank material, 22 ... Position control member, 31 ... Edge, 32 ... Peripheral part, 34 ... Drawing molded product End (one end), 37 ... drawing molded product, 50 ... molding mold, 76 ... body panel.

Claims (3)

固定金型並びに可動金型と、固定金型の周囲に配置した少なくとも3個の位置規制部材と、車体パネルのためのブランク材と、加熱手段と、整形用金型とを用い、
前記加熱手段で所定の温度に加熱した状態のブランク材を前記位置規制部材にて位置決めしつつ固定金型に載せ、この状態で可動金型を固定金型に合せることで、ブランク材の周縁部を非拘束で絞り成形する熱間絞り成形工程と、
得られた絞り成形品が焼戻し温度まで下がった段階で前記整形用金型にて絞り成形品の形状を整える整形工程と、からなる車体パネルの製造方法。
Using a fixed mold and a movable mold, at least three position regulating members arranged around the fixed mold, a blank material for a vehicle body panel, heating means, and a shaping mold,
The blank material heated to a predetermined temperature by the heating means is placed on the fixed mold while being positioned by the position restricting member, and in this state, the movable mold is aligned with the fixed mold, so that the peripheral portion of the blank material A hot drawing process for drawing without restriction
A shaping process for adjusting the shape of the drawn molded article with the shaping mold when the obtained drawn molded article is lowered to the tempering temperature.
前記整形工程では、絞り成形品を矯正するとともに、絞り成形品の端部を加工することを特徴とする請求項1記載の車体パネルの製造方法。2. The method of manufacturing a vehicle body panel according to claim 1, wherein in the shaping step, the drawn molded product is corrected and an end portion of the drawn molded product is processed. 前記整形工程では、焼戻し温度を200〜250℃の範囲に設定したことを特徴とする請求項1又は請求項2記載の車体パネルの製造方法。The method for manufacturing a vehicle body panel according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in the shaping step, a tempering temperature is set in a range of 200 to 250 ° C.
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