EP1255612B1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von spänen - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von spänen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1255612B1 EP1255612B1 EP01915246A EP01915246A EP1255612B1 EP 1255612 B1 EP1255612 B1 EP 1255612B1 EP 01915246 A EP01915246 A EP 01915246A EP 01915246 A EP01915246 A EP 01915246A EP 1255612 B1 EP1255612 B1 EP 1255612B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- shaft
- coarse
- shear
- ejecting element
- chips
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/18—Knives; Mountings thereof
- B02C18/182—Disc-shaped knives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/14—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers
- B02C18/142—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within horizontal containers with two or more inter-engaging rotatable cutter assemblies
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
- B02C18/2216—Discharge means
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
- B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
- B02C18/16—Details
- B02C18/24—Drives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
- B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
- B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
- B02C23/04—Safety devices
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for shredding chips in a shredding room between a driven, rotatable in both directions, with shear elements, horizontal shaft and associated counter shear elements, with chips entered from above crushed and discharged down over a perforated screen bottom and blocking Components that cause a shaft standstill are discarded after reversing the shaft become.
- the invention further relates to two devices for performing the inventive method.
- EP 0 717 663 B1 describes a vertical chip breaker for steel or metal chips with a Coarse part ejection element known.
- This single-shaft crusher consists of a receiving funnel and a grinding funnel adjoining at the bottom with a circumferentially distributed arrangement Rice blocks, on the edges of which are attached to a rotating cutter head Rice knives are movable past.
- a grinder connects below the grinding funnel. In the lower area of the grinding funnel one is closed by means of a power-driven channel slide opening chute provided for coarse parts. If there is a large part between the Chip material is located, then this lies on the grinder and is from the cutter head rotated together with the chips until there was a blockage of the Knife head comes.
- a slow reversal process is used to remove the blockage initiated and the large part ejection element opened, so that the interference elements from the cutter head can be transported to and through the ejection.
- a disadvantage of this design is that it cannot be used for horizontal chip breakers.
- the rotary movement of the cutter head is impaired, distinguish between dense tufts of chips and coarse parts or combinations of the two.
- dense tufts of chips often lead to a blockage can. These tufts are also removed here via the ejection and thus the Shredding process withdrawn.
- the object of the above invention is now a method and two To provide devices of the type mentioned in the introduction, wherein a Horizontal chip breaker is provided which divides the blocking components into groups, e.g. dense tufts of chips, pure coarse parts, differentiates and each group a defined Reversing process and, if necessary, a discharge from the comminution area via a Assigns coarse part ejection element.
- groups e.g. dense tufts of chips, pure coarse parts
- a method is provided in which the Speed of change in the load of the driven, loaded with shear elements Wave is detected., Due to the detected speed of change in load taking into account the type, amount, and / or size of chip, the presence of blocking Components is determined and then the non-crushed blocking components ejected after one or more reversals of the shaft.
- the shredding process is after Removal continued again.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously be carried out such that Detection of the speed of change in the load of the driven, with Shear-occupied shaft, the acceleration of the shaft is detected.
- Hard, one-piece Coarse parts e.g. Fragments of machined workpieces produce a high negative Acceleration.
- Very dense tufts of chips cause a lower negative acceleration.
- the value is even lower.
- the Rate of change of load also e.g. about the change in torque of the shaft are measured using strain gauges. This would depend on the load the speed of the shaft deformation vary. Also are vibration meters conceivable, because a blockage by coarse parts would cause a higher vibration than dense tufts of chips.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out such that on the basis of the determined Acceleration profile, the components causing a blockage in at least two Categories are divided, the components depending on the applicable category more or less frequently moved by reversing the shaft and either crushed or continued to be thrown back uncrushed.
- Subdivision into categories allows for blocking components for each component type to design an optimized program flow. This is how compacted tufts of chips become, one Cause blocking due to the relatively low negative effects it causes Acceleration recognized as such. There may be a long period of repeated reversing Follow closed coarse part ejection element, whereby the compacted bundle of chips shreds shall be. At the end of the reversing process, dense remnants of clumps can still be present the large part ejection element to be opened are discharged. Form another category blocking coarse parts. Rough parts can e.g. Fractions of machined workpieces or screws. These coarse parts abruptly cause a high negative in the event of a blockage Acceleration. Since such components are not crushed by the shear elements is possible, a short reversing process with the coarse part ejection element open initiated to eject the bulk as quickly as possible.
- the method according to the invention can advantageously also be carried out in such a way that Detection of a negative shaft acceleration measured the change in speed of the drive becomes.
- Detection of a negative shaft acceleration measured the change in speed of the drive becomes.
- a detection on the shaft would be to implement only with great effort. For example, would need a sensor to prevent contamination from adhering or chip dusts penetrating into the housing are protected.
- An optical sensor would be not to be used due to the chips to be shredded.
- the inventive method can also be carried out so that during the Reversing the shaft's rotational speed is lower than the normal rotational speed is set. Lowering the speed when reversing prevents blocking components are abruptly loosened and flung around in the shredding room. Instead, the blocking component must be loosened carefully and reversed over to carry the shaft away to the coarse part ejection element.
- the aforementioned task is performed in a first device for shredding chips, which with a arranged in a shredding room, by means of drive and control in horizontal shaft with shear elements, rotatable in both directions, with this shaft assigned counter shear elements and with a curved, adapted to the waveform Perforated sieve bottom is equipped, solved by the fact that on the parallel to the shaft axis Walls of the comminution space is attached to a large-part ejection element to be opened and the counter shear elements on walls of the shaft lying parallel to the shaft axis Crushing room are arranged in two rows.
- the controls of the shaft and Coarse part ejection element are networked with each other. Furthermore, the Speed of change in the loading of the shaft on the negative accelerations the shaft-detecting control provided for the coarse part ejection element and depending a variable number of reversing processes from the respective negative acceleration closed and / or open coarse part ejection element programmable.
- the first device according to the invention i.e. the horizontal single-shaft crusher an almost smooth process of the shredding process. There is a separation from Hard parts and chips instead. A discharge of chips over the coarse part ejection element largely avoided. The downtimes become shorter and the wear and tear on the Shear elements reduced.
- the device works automatically as needed Labor force decreased.
- the device can be manufactured easily and inexpensively. It is possible to retrofit existing crusher accordingly or when manufacturing new crusher to largely use existing modules. So is as Coarse part ejection element e.g. a simple flap that can be opened to the outside is conceivable. It can also be a door that can be moved sideways.
- the chip breaker drive is usually outside the Chip breaker arranged so that a measuring device housed there and dust-free easy to maintain.
- the first device such that one of the Shear rows at the level of the shaft axis or lower, i.e. below the opening of the Coarse part ejection element, and the other row of shears is on the opposite wall is arranged above the shaft axis. Remains a component between the lower row of shears and hang on the shaft, a single reversal can loosen this component directly move to the opening in the wall, whereby it leaves the shredding room.
- the row of scissors must be placed higher, so that a blocking Component that has to be transported to the coarse part ejection element, more easily via the Shaft can be transported.
- the first device according to the invention can be advantageous to design in such a way that that the lower shear row is the lower limit of the coarse part ejection element.
- a blocking component is already possible as soon as possible on the large part ejection element. A short reversal is sufficient to loosen this component and weed out immediately.
- the first device according to the invention can advantageously be designed such that the Rows of scissors mounted on the walls with a slope to the coarse part ejection element are. Such a slope facilitates the transport of blocking when reversing Components to the coarse part ejection element and through this.
- the aforementioned task is carried out in a second device for shredding chips, which with a arranged in a shredding room, by means of drive and control in both directions rotatable, with sheared, horizontal shaft and on one assigned countershear elements of the same type and a matching one perforated sieve bottom, which is curved to the shaft and the counter shaft, is solved in that at least one of the walls of the comminution chamber lying parallel to the shaft axis a large-part ejection element that can be opened is attached.
- the Speed of change in load on the driven shaft (s) a the negative Accelerations for at least one of the shafts detecting control for the Coarse part ejection element is provided, the controls of the shaft, countershaft and Coarse part ejection element are networked with each other; depending on the a variable number of reversing processes for each negative acceleration closed and / or open coarse part ejection element programmable.
- the second device according to the invention i.e. the horizontal twin-shaft crusher a smooth process of the shredding process. It takes place just like the first device according to the invention, i.e. with the single-shaft crusher, an almost pure separation of hard parts and chips, whereby a discharge of chips over the Coarse part ejection element is largely avoided. The downtimes become shorter and wear of the shear waves is reduced.
- This device also works automatically and can be manufactured easily and inexpensively. It is possible to use existing twin-shaft breakers to retrofit accordingly, or as far as possible already in the manufacture of new crushers access existing modules.
- One or two coarse part ejection elements e.g. in Form of flaps or sliding doors can be provided.
- the second device according to the invention i.e. the Twin-shaft chip breakers to be designed in such a way that the negative accelerations at least one of the shafts can be determined by recording measured values on the drive.
- the drive A chip breaker is usually located outside the chip breaker, so there a measuring device can be housed dust-free and easily maintained.
- the second device according to the invention i.e. the Two-shaft chip breaker to be designed in such a way that the shaft increases in relation to the counter shaft stored and a large part ejection element on the wall facing the counter shaft is appropriate. Due to the increased mounting of the shaft, the previously blocking Components rather from the lower counter shaft to the coarse part ejection element carried. This reduces the number of reversals required, and can also be reduced to one second coarse part ejection element can be dispensed with.
- both devices according to the invention i.e. the single-shaft or the twin-shaft crusher, in such a way that the device with a Tilt angle is set up around one or two axes. It can still be advantageous be that one or both inclination angles can be individually adjusted.
- the ejection of coarse parts by the inclined position Device for the large part ejection element can be significantly simplified.
- the shear elements and / or to form counter shear elements differently on a shaft can be equipped with differently sharp (counter) shear elements.
- the sharper (counter) shear elements can be used in areas with greater stress be arranged.
- With an arrangement with a slightly inclined shaft axis in the direction of gravity is it e.g. sensible, increasing from the higher shaft end to the lower shaft end to attach sharper (counter) shear elements.
- both devices with a drive in the form of an electric or Hydraulic motor to be equipped.
- the devices according to the invention can be advantageous to design the devices according to the invention in such a way that that the coarse part ejection element with a sensor for detecting passing coarse parts is equipped.
- This can be an optical sensor.
- a component happens the coarse part ejection element, the coarse part ejection element is closed immediately afterwards and the reversing process ends.
- the devices according to the invention can advantageously be designed such that the Coarse part ejection element is a flap that can be opened by means of pneumatics or hydraulics. Such operated flaps are already known and proven from other areas. On Ejection element in the form of a flap is simple and inexpensive to manufacture. This Embodiment is also robust enough to withstand the daily stress Comminution process.
- FIG. 1 shows a single-shaft chip crusher with a comminution chamber 1 and one Ejection chamber 2 shown.
- a horizontal shear shaft 3 is in the comminution space 1 arranged with a plurality of shear elements 4, which are driven by an electric drive 5 is driven and is provided with a controller, not shown here.
- One of the Shear elements 4 are detailed, the others are shown schematically.
- the shear elements 4 are individually in rows mostly parallel to the shear shaft axis at a distance from each other the shear shaft 3 screwed.
- Each shear element 4 can have one or more Shear knives of various designs. In the present one Execution, the shear element 4 is formed in one piece with a single shear knife 6.
- the shear knife 6 was milled into the shear element.
- the cutter 6 lies predominantly across the shear shaft axis.
- a counter shear element in the form of a shear row 8 with shear teeth 9 screwed.
- This shear row 8 is above the shear shaft axis with an inclination to Shear shaft axis aligned.
- This shear row 11 is for Ejection chamber 2 attached with a downward slope.
- shear teeth within a row of shears can be designed differently. She can e.g. vary in shape, hardness and sharpness. Depending on how suitable the shear knife 6 in the areas engaging between the shear teeth 9 take the place of a sheared one Stressing the chips a cutting stress.
- the ejection flap 12 can be opened towards the ejection chamber 2 via a lever device 13 become. It is closed during the normal shredding process. Not here shown control of the ejection flap 12 is networked with the control of the shear shaft 3. Not shown here is a concave arch arranged below the shear shaft 3 Perforated sieve plate 14. This perforated sieve plate 14 can be seen in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- chips are to be shredded from above, e.g. metallic shavings, in the Given crushing space 1, these are gripped by the rotating shear shaft 3, moved to the shear row 8, between the shear elements 4 of the shear shaft 3 and the shear row 8 crushed and carried to the perforated screen bottom 14.
- the chips that are already small enough fall through the perforated screen bottom 14.
- Larger chips are between shear shaft 3 and Perforated screen tray 14 is sheared and partially discharged through perforated screen tray 14 or taken away by the shear shaft 3.
- the chips taken away are shredded again and back to the starting point transported. There, these chips meet new, still uncrushed chips and become part of it this again transported to the first row of shears 8 and again crushed.
- the negative acceleration of the shear shaft 3 is e.g. about Speed measurements on the electric drive 5 detected.
- the device parts for Speed measurement are shown in Fig. 9.
- a programmed reversing and Ejection program Depending on the strength of the negative acceleration and in Depending on the chip type, size and quantity, a programmed reversing and Ejection program.
- the speed of rotation of the shear shaft 3 when reversing significantly reduced compared to the normal rotational speed.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 each show a section B-B through the single-shaft chip breaker from FIG. 1 shown with the chute 12 open and with the chute open.
- shear elements 4 each fitted with a shear knife 6. These shearing knives can be of different sharpness.
- On both sides of the A shear row 8, 11 is screwed into each shear shaft 3.
- the shear teeth 9 of the shear rows 8, 11 reach between the shear blades 6 of the shear shaft 3.
- the shear teeth 9 can be within one Shear row 8, 11 can be of different sharpness.
- Below the shear shaft 3 is a concave arched perforated screen bottom 14 is arranged.
- the deeper shear row 11 forms the lower limit of the chute 12.
- This chute 12 can be hydraulic or pneumatically by means of a lever device 13 (not shown here) into an ejection space 2 be folded in and thus gives a passage in the comminution chamber wall 10 free.
- FIGs 4 and 5 are a top view and a section through Twin-shaft chip crusher with a comminution chamber 15 and an ejection chamber 16 shown.
- a shear shaft 17 and a counter shear shaft 18 are in the comminution chamber 15 arranged horizontally at the same level.
- the waves 17, 18 are with a variety Shear elements 19, 19 'in the form of shear washers.
- the shaving discs can can be different in sharpness, hardness and shape.
- These shear disks 19,19 ' are lined up on the respective shaft 17, 18 at a distance such that the shear plates 19 of the Shear shaft 17 into the spaces between the shear washers 19 'of the counter shear shaft 18 can intervene.
- the outer edge of each shear disk 19, 19 ' is at least one Provide shear tooth 20 or the like.
- a perforated screen 21 is arranged below the two shafts 17, 18. This consists of one too the underside of the shaft with a double concave arched perforated bottom 22, a central web 23, 2 side walls 24.25 and stiffeners. These individual parts are via weld seams 26, 27 connected to each other in one piece.
- the perforated screen 21 is on its side walls 24, 25 with the Screwed walls 28, 29 of the comminution chamber 15.
- the shafts 17, 18 are driven by an electric drive 30 and have at least one a controller, not shown here.
- On the wall 28 is a first Perforated side wall 24 attached such that its top surface 31 above the shaft axes lies.
- the lower Limitation of the ejection, which is formed by a head surface 33 of the wall 29 is with inclined towards the ejection chamber 16.
- the to the crushing room 15 facing edge of this head surface 33, i.e. the higher edge of the head surface 33 is located at the level of the shaft axes.
- the ejection flap 32 can be pneumatically or hydraulically a lever device 34 can be opened towards the ejection chamber 16.
- chips are to be shredded from above, e.g. metallic shavings, in the Given crushing space 15, these will be the shear discs 19,19 'of the two themselves rotating shafts, i.e. the shear shaft 17 and the counter shear shaft 18, between crushed and carried to the perforated screen bottom 22. It depends on the arrangement the shear discs 19, 19 'between them to form a shearing or cutting Stress on the chips. In general, the shear disks 19, 19 'are arranged such that a cutting stress on the chips. The chips, which are already small enough, fall directly through the perforated screen bottom 22.
- Too large chips are between the Shear discs 19, 19 'of the respective shaft 17, 18 and the perforated sieve bottom 22 shearing claimed and partially carried out via the perforated screen bottom 22 or by the shafts 17, 18 taken and transported back to the starting point of the shredding. This The chips that are taken along with the new chips are again rotated the waves 17, 18 crushed.
- shear shaft 17 could be closer to the Ejection flap and the counter shear shaft 18 may be arranged further away. They are Reversing the two shafts 17, 18 to be coordinated so that the coarse parts to be discharged are transported to the discharge flap 32 as quickly as possible. It can be provided that one of the two shafts or both shafts 17, 18 during this Program runs their rotation speed compared to the normal rotation speed significantly reduce.
- the short e.g. Reversing the fragment 5-6 times back and forth Shear shaft 17 detected and transported to the counter shear shaft 18.
- the first perforated screen side wall 24 is on the wall 28 attached with a head surface 31 above the shear shaft and counter shear shaft axis.
- the Large part transported to the counter shear shaft 18 is now gripped by it and through Reverse to the discharge flap 32 promoted.
- the coarse part falls into this through the ejection flap 32 the ejection chamber 16. Then the ejection flap 32 is closed again and the Shafts 17, 18 resume their normal direction and speed of rotation.
- FIG. 6 shows an embodiment which is slightly modified compared to FIGS. 4 and 5 of the twin-shaft chip breaker according to the invention.
- shear wave from the Ejection flap 32 is further away (here: shear shaft 17) higher than that Counter shear shaft 18.
- shear shaft 17 facilitates the Transport of a large part to the ejection chamber 16.
- FIGS. 7 and 8 show a twin-shaft chip crusher according to the invention in an inclined position Shape.
- the axis of rotation of the inclination is once parallel and once normal to the Axes of rotation of the shafts 17, 18 are formed.
- an angle ⁇ to Coarse part ejection chamber 16 is the discharge of coarse parts or compacted tufts of chips facilitated by the ejection flap 32.
- the material to be shredded becomes towards the ends of the shafts lying close to the drive 30 moved to the lower ends of the shafts 17, 18.
- shear washers 19, 19 Higher sharpness can be provided, especially the tufts of chips that are difficult to shred can chop.
- both inclinations can be combined and varied in their extent become.
- Such an inclined structure is also conceivable for single-shaft chip breakers.
- FIG. 9 shows an electric drive 5 or 30 on its motor shaft 35, a flat rotor 36 is appropriate.
- This rotor 36 has a plurality of rotor teeth 37 on its outer edge on, which are arranged at an equal distance from each other.
- the rotor 36 is in the figure not shown continuously.
- a light metal fan 38 is indicated above the rotor 36.
- Below the rotor teeth 37 is a proximity switch in the form of a signal sensor 39 a bracket 40 statically attached.
- This signal pickup 39 can be an optical sensor.
- the signal pickup 39 detects the number of rotor teeth 37 moving past it.
- the one not shown here Controls of the shear shaft (s) 3 or 17, 18 and ejection flap (s) 12 or 32 are controlled by the Signal sensor 39 transmits the respective negative accelerations of the motor shaft 35, so that, depending on the acceleration category, a defined program runs that Reversing operations and possibly opening the ejection flap (s) 12 and 32 includes.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Shovels (AREA)
- Container, Conveyance, Adherence, Positioning, Of Wafer (AREA)
- Die Bonding (AREA)
- Auxiliary Devices For Machine Tools (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Finish Polishing, Edge Sharpening, And Grinding By Specific Grinding Devices (AREA)
- Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
- Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
Description
- Figur 1:
- eine schematische Aufsicht auf einen Einwellenspänebrecher
- Figur 2:
- einen Schnitt B-B aus Figur 1 durch einen Einwellenspänebrecher mit geschlossenem Grobteilauswurfelement
- Figur 3:
- einen Schnitt B-B aus Figur 1 durch einen Einwellenspänebrecher mit geöffnetem Grobteilauswurfelement
- Figur 4:
- eine Aufsicht auf einen Zweiwellenspänebrecher mit geschlossenem Grobteilauswurfelement
- Figur 5:
- einen Schnitt durch einen Zweiwellenspänebrecher mit geschlossenem Grobteilauswurfelement und zwei auf gleichem Niveau angeordneten Wellen
- Figur 6:
- einen Schnitt durch einen Zweiwellenspänebrecher mit geschlossenem Grobteilauswurfelement und zwei auf unterschiedlichem Niveau angeordneten Wellen
- Figur 7:
- Ansicht eines geneigten Zweiwellenspänebrechers, wobei die Drehachse der Neigung parallel zu den Drehachse der Wellen ist
- Figur 8:
- Ansicht eines geneigten Zweiwellenspänebrechers wobei die Drehachse der Neigung normal zu den Drehachsen der Wellen verläuft
- Figur 9:
- eine schematische Aufsicht auf einen elektrischen Antrieb
- 1.
- Zerkleinerungsraum
- 2.
- Auswurfkammer
- 3.
- Scherwelle
- 4.
- Scherelement
- 5.
- Elektrischer Antrieb
- 6.
- Schermesser
- 7.
- Wandung
- 8.
- Höhere Scherreihe
- 9.
- Scherzähne
- 10.
- Wandung mit Auswurfklappe
- 11.
- Tiefere Scherreihe
- 12.
- Auswurfklappe
- 13.
- Hebelvorrichtung
- 14.
- Lochsiebboden
- 15.
- Zerkleinerungsraum
- 16.
- Auswurfkammer
- 17.
- Scherwelle
- 18.
- Gegenscherwelle
- 19.
- Scherscheibe auf Scherwelle 17
- 19.'
- Scherscheibe auf Gegenscherwelle 18
- 20.
- Scherzähne
- 21.
- Lochsieb
- 22.
- Lochsiebboden
- 23.
- Mittelsteg
- 24.
- 1. Lochsiebseitenwand
- 25.
- 2. Lochsiebseitenwand
- 26.
- Schweißnaht
- 27.
- Schweißnaht
- 28.
- Wandung
- 29.
- Wandung unter der Auswurfklappe
- 30.
- Elektrischer Antrieb
- 31.
- Kopffläche der 1. Lochsiebseitenwand 24
- 32.
- Auswurfklappe
- 33.
- Kopffläche der Wandung 29
- 34.
- Hebelvorrichtung
- 35.
- Motorwelle
- 36.
- Rotor (rotorförmige Signaldisk)
- 37.
- Rotorzähne
- 38.
- Leichtmetallüfter
- 39.
- Signalaufnehmer (Näherungsschalter)
- 40.
- Halterung
Claims (26)
- Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Spänen in einem Zerkleinerungsraum zwischen einer angetriebenen, in beide Richtungen drehbaren, mit Scherelementen besetzten, horizontalen Welle und zugeordneten Gegenscherelementen, wobei von oben eingegebene Späne zerkleinert und nach unten über einen Lochsiebboden ausgetragen werden und blockierende Bestandteile, die einen Wellenstillstand verursachen, nach Reversieren der Welle ausgesondert werden,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der Belastung der angetriebenen, mit Scherelementen besetzten Welle erfasst wird,
dass aufgrund der erfassten Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der Belastung unter Berücksichtigung von Spanart, -menge, und/oder -größe das Vorliegen blockierender Bestandteile festgestellt wird und
dass daraufhin die nicht zerkleinerten blockierenden Bestandteile nach ein oder mehreren Reversierungen der Welle ausgeworfen werden. - Verfahren zum Zerkleinern von Spänen in einem Zerkleinerungsraum nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der Belastung der angetriebenen, mit Scherelementen besetzten Welle die Beschleunigung der Welle erfasst wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass aufgrund des festgestellten Beschleunigungsprofils die eine Blockierung verursachenden Bestandteile in mindestens zwei Kategorien unterteilt werden, wobei die Bestandteile je nach zutreffender Kategorie mehr oder weniger häufig durch Reversieren der Welle bewegt und entweder zerkleinert weitergeführt oder unzerkleinert zurückgeworfen werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kategorien nach steigender negativer Beschleunigung geordnet werden und mit steigender negativer Beschleunigung die Häufigkeit des Reversierens von Kategorie zu Kategorie sinkt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erfassung einer negativen Wellenbeschleunigung die Drehzahländerung des Antriebs gemessen wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass während des Reversierens der Welle die Drehgeschwindigkeit niedriger als die normale Drehgeschwindigkeit eingestellt wird.
- Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach einem der vorhergegangenen Ansprüche zum Zerkleinern von Spänen in einem Zerkleinerungsraum (1) mit einer mittels Antrieb (5) und Steuerung in beide Richtungen drehbaren, mit Scherelementen (4) besetzten, horizontalen Welle (3), mit dieser Welle (3) zugeordneten Gegenscherelementen (8,11) und mit einem der Wellenform angepassten, gewölbten Lochsiebboden (14),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an den parallel zur Wellenachse liegenden Wandungen (7, 10) des Zerkleinerungsraums (1) ein zu öffnendes Grobteilauswurfelement (12) angebracht ist,
dass die Gegenscherelemente (8,11) an parallel zur Wellenachse liegenden Wandungen (7,10) des Zerkleinerungsraumes (1) in zwei Reihen angeordnet sind,
dass eine Steuerung für das Grobteilauswurfelement (12) vorgesehen ist,
dass die Steuerungen von Welle (3) und Grobteilauswurfelement (12) untereinander vernetzt sind,
dass zur Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der Belastung der Welle (3) eine die negativen Beschleunigungen der Welle (3) erfassende Steuerung für das Grobteilauswurfelement (12) vorgesehen ist, und
dass in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen negativen Beschleunigung eine variable Anzahl an Reversiervorgängen bei geschlossenem und/oder geöffnetem Grobteilauswurfelement (12) programmierbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die negativen Beschleunigungen der Welle über die Erfassung von Messwerten am Antrieb (5) ermittelbar sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine der Scherreihen (11) auf Höhe der Wellenachse oder tiefer, d.h. unterhalb der Öffnung des Grobteilauswurfelements (12), liegt und die andere Scherreihe (8) an der gegenüberliegenden Wandung (7) oberhalb der Wellenachse angeordnet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die tiefer liegende Scherreihe (11) die untere Begrenzung des Grobteilauswurfelements (12) ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scherreihen (8,11) an den Wandungen (7,10) mit einem Gefälle zum Grobteilauswurfelement (12) hin montiert sind.
- Vorrichtung zur Ausführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6 zum Zerkleinern von Spänen in einem Zerkleinerungsraum (15) mit einer mittels Antrieb (30) und Steuerung in beide Richtungen drehbaren, mit Scherelementen (19) besetzten, horizontalen Welle (17) und auf einer zugeordneten gleichartigen Gegenwelle (18) angeordneten Gegenscherelementen (19') und einem passend zu Welle (17) und Gegenwelle (18) gewölbten Lochsiebboden (22),
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an mindestens einer der parallel zur Wellenachse liegenden Wandungen (28, 29) des Zerkleinerungsraums (15) ein zu öffnendes Grobteilauswurfelement (32) angebracht ist,
dass zur Erfassung der Geschwindigkeit der Änderung der Belastung der angetriebenen Welle(n) (17,18) eine die negativen Beschleunigungen mindestens einer der Wellen (17,18) erfassende Steuerung für das Grobteilauswurfelement (32) vorgesehen ist,
dass die Steuerungen von Welle (17), Gegenwelle (18) und Grobteilauswurfelement (32) untereinander vemetzt sind und
dass in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen negativen Beschleunigung eine variable Anzahl an Reversiervorgängen bei geschlossenem und/oder geöffnetem Grobteilauswurfelement (32) programmierbar ist. - Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die negativen Beschleunigungen mindestens einer der Wellen über die Erfassung von Messwerten am Antrieb (30) ermittelbar sind.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12 oder 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Welle (17) gegenüber der Gegenwelle (18) erhöht gelagert und ein Grobteilauswurfelement (32) an der der Gegenwelle (18) zugewandten Wandung angebracht ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Vorrichtung mit einem Neigungswinkel um eine oder zwei Achsen aufzustellen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der eine Neigungswinkel bzw. beide Neigungswinkel individuell einstellbar ist (sind).
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scherelemente (4; 19) und/oder auf einer Gegenwelle montierten Gegenscherelemente (19') einzeln auf der Welle (3; 17, 18) zu befestigen sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Scherelemente (4; 19) und/oder auf einer Gegenwelle montierten Gegenscherelemente (19') auf einer Welle (3; 17, 18) unterschiedlich ausgebildet sind.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als Antrieb (5; 30) ein Elektro- oder Hydraulikmotor vorgesehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erfassung der negativen Wellenbeschleunigung ein Impulsaufnehmer zur Drehzahlmessung an einem Elektromotor (5; 30) vorgesehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Impulsaufnehmer eine rotorförmige Signaldisk (36) mit einem Näherungsschalter (39) ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erfassung der negativen Wellenbeschleunigung der Anstieg des Stromes an einem Elektromotor (5; 30) zu messen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zur Erfassung der negativen Wellenbeschleunigung eine Volumenstrom- oder Drehzahlmessung an einem Hydraulikmotor vorgesehen ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 23, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Grobteilauswurfelement (12; 32) mit einem Sensor zum Erfassen von passierenden Grobteilen ausgerüstet ist.
- Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 24, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Sensor ein optischer Sensor ist.
- Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 25, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Grobteilauswurfelement eine mittels Pneumatik oder Hydraulik zu öffnende Klappe ist.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10006757 | 2000-02-15 | ||
DE10006757A DE10006757C1 (de) | 2000-02-15 | 2000-02-15 | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zum Zerkleinern von Spänen |
PCT/EP2001/001620 WO2001060522A1 (de) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-02-14 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von spänen |
Publications (2)
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EP1255612A1 EP1255612A1 (de) | 2002-11-13 |
EP1255612B1 true EP1255612B1 (de) | 2004-01-28 |
Family
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EP01915246A Expired - Lifetime EP1255612B1 (de) | 2000-02-15 | 2001-02-14 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum zerkleinern von spänen |
Country Status (14)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6736342B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1255612B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003525108A (de) |
KR (1) | KR20020082849A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1400926A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE258463T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2001242396A1 (de) |
BR (1) | BR0108390B1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2399948C (de) |
CZ (1) | CZ298695B6 (de) |
DE (2) | DE10006757C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2213690T3 (de) |
MX (1) | MXPA02007808A (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001060522A1 (de) |
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DE102004012201B4 (de) * | 2004-03-12 | 2006-06-08 | Bürener Maschinenfabrik GmbH | Spänebrecher |
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2000
- 2000-02-15 DE DE10006757A patent/DE10006757C1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2001
- 2001-02-14 MX MXPA02007808A patent/MXPA02007808A/es active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-14 WO PCT/EP2001/001620 patent/WO2001060522A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2001-02-14 AU AU2001242396A patent/AU2001242396A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2001-02-14 AT AT01915246T patent/ATE258463T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-14 CN CN01805120A patent/CN1400926A/zh active Pending
- 2001-02-14 CA CA002399948A patent/CA2399948C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-14 ES ES01915246T patent/ES2213690T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-14 KR KR1020027010567A patent/KR20020082849A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2001-02-14 CZ CZ20023096A patent/CZ298695B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-14 JP JP2001559608A patent/JP2003525108A/ja active Pending
- 2001-02-14 BR BRPI0108390-2A patent/BR0108390B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-14 US US09/914,500 patent/US6736342B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-14 EP EP01915246A patent/EP1255612B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102004012201B4 (de) * | 2004-03-12 | 2006-06-08 | Bürener Maschinenfabrik GmbH | Spänebrecher |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US20020175234A1 (en) | 2002-11-28 |
JP2003525108A (ja) | 2003-08-26 |
CN1400926A (zh) | 2003-03-05 |
MXPA02007808A (es) | 2004-09-10 |
ES2213690T3 (es) | 2004-09-01 |
BR0108390B1 (pt) | 2009-12-01 |
AU2001242396A1 (en) | 2001-08-27 |
ATE258463T1 (de) | 2004-02-15 |
BR0108390A (pt) | 2003-03-18 |
CZ20023096A3 (cs) | 2003-03-12 |
US6736342B2 (en) | 2004-05-18 |
EP1255612A1 (de) | 2002-11-13 |
WO2001060522A1 (de) | 2001-08-23 |
CA2399948C (en) | 2008-01-15 |
DE10006757C1 (de) | 2001-05-17 |
CZ298695B6 (cs) | 2007-12-27 |
DE50101396D1 (de) | 2004-03-04 |
KR20020082849A (ko) | 2002-10-31 |
CA2399948A1 (en) | 2001-08-23 |
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