EP1001658B1 - Chauffage par induction pour cylindres thermiques - Google Patents

Chauffage par induction pour cylindres thermiques Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1001658B1
EP1001658B1 EP99250403A EP99250403A EP1001658B1 EP 1001658 B1 EP1001658 B1 EP 1001658B1 EP 99250403 A EP99250403 A EP 99250403A EP 99250403 A EP99250403 A EP 99250403A EP 1001658 B1 EP1001658 B1 EP 1001658B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roller
current
induction heater
heater according
phase
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EP99250403A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP1001658A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans-Jochen Dr.-Ing Rindfleisch
Ludwig Dipl.-Ing Hellenthal
Walter Dipl.-Ing. Patt
Jaxa Dr.-Ing. Von Schweinichen
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Walzen Irle GmbH
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Walzen Irle GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/14—Tools, e.g. nozzles, rollers, calenders
    • H05B6/145—Heated rollers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an induction heater for a thermo roll with a roller jacket made of a ferromagnetic material and an inductor coil inside the roll shell low-loss transmission and process-oriented setting of the Heating output by generating eddy currents more evenly Density in the whole or in selectable zones the outer surface of the roll shell; (see e.g. FR-A-2 673 076).
  • Thermo rolls of the type under consideration consist of a steel cylinder, which is rotatably mounted on the front axle flanges is. With the inductive heating of these rollers, the heat directly in the jacket of the hollow cylinder using a magnetic Alternating field generated, for which the jacket made of one material which is both electrical and magnetic is sufficiently conductive.
  • thermo rolls It is a variety of inductive heating arrangements for thermo rolls known of this type, which differently constructed Induction coils or induction loops for the generation of the use an alternating magnetic field in the roller jacket. You differentiate essentially by location and direction the flow axis of the induction coils or induction loops in relation to the roll shell or by the direction of the magnetic flux and the induced eddy current in the Roll shell.
  • an induction roller which mainly has an induction coil on an iron core in the interior of the roller shell, the flow axis of which coincides with the roller axis.
  • the magnetic circuit in which the magnetic flux is formed consists essentially of the iron core of the induction coil and the ferromagnetic roller shell and the non-ferromagnetic gap between the iron core and roller shell, which forms the so-called air gap of the magnetic circuit.
  • the magnetic flux generated by the induction coil leaves its iron core by fanning out in the air gap and radially entering the roll shell from there, where it is bundled in the axial direction to fan out again in the air gap after the axial center of the induction coil has been exceeded from there to reenter the iron core from the other side.
  • the eddy currents caused by the alternating flow in the roll shell flow in the circumferential direction on tracks concentric to the roll axis.
  • the eddy current density and with it the heat source density is therefore constant in the circumferential direction. In the axial direction, however, both variables change in accordance with the change in the alternating flow in the roll shell as a result of its bundling or fanning out into the air gap.
  • auxiliary induction coils are provided in the region of the axle flanges in the known induction heating roller.
  • the flux generated by the auxiliary induction coils enters the axle flanges and there leads to the additional heating required for complete temperature compensation.
  • a major disadvantage of the known arrangement is that they are the formation of axial zones of controllable heating power on the thermal roller, especially in the edge areas of the roll barrel, does not allow. As a result, the roller is in her Applicability to a certain width of the to be processed Product lines and thus restricted to a very narrow product range. As a result, the machine utilization is low which can result in a low return on investment.
  • each of the induction coils arranged axially next to one another is embedded in an iron core with a U-shaped longitudinal section and has its own connections.
  • the u-shaped iron cores form with the ends of theirs flange-shaped leg a defined air gap to the inner surface of the roll shell.
  • n induction coils are arranged along the roller shell, the magnetic resistance of a magnetic circuit is approximately n times because of the smaller air gap width and therefore the necessary excitation power is at least n 2 times, the total excitation power is more than n 3 times that of a comparable roller with only a field coil. The excitation power is completely converted into heat in the induction coil.
  • This solution includes a ferromagnetic core which completely surrounds the roll shell at a circumferential point on the inside and outside and is provided with a field winding on its outer leg. Since the magnetic circuit thus formed does not have an air gap, the excitation power required to generate the magnetic flux is very low.
  • the uniformity of the eddy current and heat source density in the axial direction is quite good because the flow is hardly fanned out in the space between the parallel ferromagnetic legs of the core.
  • this solution does not permit the formation of axial heating zones.
  • a conventional coaxial drive is not possible because the iron core partially covers the roll shell on its end faces.
  • inductive heating arrangements for rollers which has a fixed inductor inside the roller have.
  • an inductive heating described with such an inductor which consists of several, arranged in a star shape on the circumference, axially adjacent in sections Tru exists on an axially continuous support.
  • everyone Pole in each section is with an induction winding provided so that all poles of the inductor are electromagnetic are active or can be activated.
  • the flow axes of the inductors are directed radially, with the air gap of the Magnetic circuit between the ends of the poles and the inner surface of the roll shell.
  • the roll shell forms the yoke of the magnetic circuit between the pole cores of induction coils adjacent to the circumference and radially opposite flow direction.
  • a magnetic field is generated in the circumferential direction in the roll shell, which surrounds the roll axis between poles of opposite flow direction in circular segments of alternating flow direction.
  • the eddy current induced by the magnetic field essentially flows in a thin layer on the inner and outer surface of the roll shell in the opposite axial direction, so that an elongated current path in the form of a toroid or several toroid segments with an approximately rectangular cross section is formed, the common axis of which the roller axis coincides.
  • the heat sources are essentially on the inner and outer surface of the roll shell. Your distributions in the axial direction, especially the zone-by-zone heating can be by appropriate excitation of the induction coils Almost control axially adjacent sections. Similarly is also a control of the heat source distribution and corresponding zone heating in the circumferential direction by accordingly graduated excitation of the induction coils adjacent to the circumference of upholstery and / or by appropriate grading of Air gaps between the ends of the pole cores and the inner surface of the roll shell possible along the circumference of the roll.
  • a disadvantage of this and similar known arrangements is that high material and manufacturing costs for the production of the Inductor, especially the induction coils, and the one from it large winding volume resulting in high energy expenditure for the generation of the magnetic field, which of the heating the roller surface is lost.
  • the inductor coils are located on the outer circumference of the roll.
  • the arrangement consists of U-shaped pole shoe devices, the ends of the magnetic legs of which face the outer lateral surface of the roller at a certain distance, which forms the non-ferromagnetic air gap of a magnetic circuit in which the roller shell forms the yoke.
  • Each pole piece device has an induction coil.
  • Several pole shoe devices are arranged axially directly next to one another and form a pole shoe row covering the roll from the outside over its entire roll length to be heated.
  • a reduction in manufacturing and control technology Effort and the associated material and Energy expenditure for the setting and maintenance of a defined axial distribution of the eddy current and heat source density is supposed to do this with another known arrangement Type according to DE OS 4011825 can be achieved.
  • the one described here The solution is the inductor one radially above the roll surface arranged conductor loop, the current-carrying Length through conductive, axially movable contact bridges can adjust between her legs.
  • inductive heating arrangement for rollers on the also from loop-shaped conductors over the outer surface of the roller is constructed.
  • Several conductor loops form one Conductor loop spiral and are one in one magnetic non-conductive, electrically insulating material, embedded cover fixed over the roller. apart of that due to the lack of a magnetic return conductor only weak inductive coupling of the conductor loops the roller jacket exists, the flow takes from the center the conductor loop coil towards its edges, so that a constant flux density neither in the circumferential nor in the axial direction and eddy current or heat source density distribution achieved can be.
  • the aim of the invention is to recognize the shortcomings of the known to fix inductive heating arrangements for thermo rolls.
  • the invention has for its object an induction heating to create a thermo roll with the low control or regulatory expenditure and low energy losses can be controlled in a short time via individual ones on the roller surface Heating zones over a predetermined temperature distribution the axial length on the roller surface and in the axle flanges manufactured and adjusted during operation and can be maintained or tracked according to the process, without individual, separate, axially next to each other arranged inductor coils are required.
  • this object is achieved in that the roller from an axle flanged at its ends, there is rotatably mounted hollow cylinder on its inner lateral surface at a certain radial distance, which is preferably at least equal to the maximum deflection of the roller cylinder in operation is one of one or more axially parallel, straight, rod-shaped or bowl-shaped conductors of existing ones fixed, at its ends in axial holes
  • Axle flanges of the roller inductor mounted on its own axle flanges is provided, which is of a single or multi-phase AC current flows through, the conductor of the inductor in one piece or in magnetically lined up sections extend the entire bale width of the roller and at its ends fixed in the axis flanges of the inductor and mechanically and electrically spaced from each other or connected to each other are.
  • the inductor is flowed through by the current only on the corresponding axial section, ie the current is fed into the inductor at the ends of this section.
  • sliding contacts are provided, which are fastened to a contact carrier and are pressed against a contact track on the inner circumferential surface of the inductor and against a busbar arranged in or near the roller axis.
  • the contact carriers are arranged symmetrically with respect to the axial center of the roll barrel and are each fastened to a spindle nut which has an incline of the same height opposite the spindle nut on the opposite side of the roll.
  • a two-part spindle is arranged in the axis of the roller, which also has opposite slopes of the same height symmetrically to the axial center of the roller.
  • the contact carriers on the spindle nuts are moved symmetrically to or away from the axial center of the roller, as a result of which the heated bale width of the roller is moved up and down accordingly. increases.
  • the busbar is separated in the axial center of the roller into two parts that are electrically insulated from each other. The current is fed at one end of the roller into the conductor rail, which is led into the interior of the inductor through a central bore in the axle flange of the inductor.
  • the current in the conductor rail is fed to the sliding contact attached to the base of the contact carrier, reaches the sliding contacts located at the head of the contact carrier via a contact bridge, enters the contact paths of the inductor jacket, flows through the inductor jacket in the axial direction and then leaves it in reverse order on the same way to the other end of the roller.
  • Appropriate arrangement of sliding contacts on the head of the contact carrier and the division of the inductor jacket into mutually insulated contact tracks can also be used to delimit heating zones of different widths and positions on the circumference of the roller. To vary the width of a heating zone, the number of sliding contacts on the head of the contact carrier must be changed. To adjust the position of the heating zone on the circumference, it is sufficient to twist the contact carrier on the spindle.
  • the roller shell basically the core of the magnetic circuit represents.
  • the eddy current path forms in the roll shell in Form of a toroid elongated in the axial direction with approximately rectangular cross section.
  • the eddy current flows in a thin layer with constant effective electrical Conductor cross section on the inner and outer surface of the Roll shell in each case, in the opposite direction on one axial distance, which is the current-carrying distance of the Current conductor of the inductor corresponds.
  • the busbar In order to prevent the magnetic field of the current-carrying sections of the busbar from penetrating outside the axial heating zones into the roller shell and the axle flanges, the busbar is magnetically shielded throughout.
  • the shielding consists of a ferromagnetic sheath, which has an air gap to limit the induction and is covered on its periphery with a layer of electrically highly conductive material to suppress the stray magnetic field. If the edges of the roller, in particular the axle flanges, are to be temporarily heated when the roller is heated, this can be taken into account according to the invention by constructing the magnetic shielding from two shells which can be rotated into one another. By rotating the shells, the shielding can be partially opened and an inductive coupling to the axle flanges sufficient for the additional heating can be achieved.
  • the supply is made with a multi-phase alternating current, so are circumferentially adjacent conductors at one end of the inductor in phases in each case electrically to self-contained groups connected with each other.
  • the phase groups formed in this way are against each other electrically isolated and at one end of the inductor provided with separate connections to the power source, whereas at the other end of the inductor all conductors are connected to each other are electrically connected.
  • the River occurs on the boundary between two neighboring phase groups out of the roll shell into the inside of the roll and on the opposite one or at the extent of the nearest phase boundary into the roll shell. He takes his way along the flow axes, which are each between those on the roll circumference lying limits of two phase groups and the roller axis extend.
  • a transverse yoke as part of the Arranged inductor, which is made of ferromagnetic material exists and a negligible magnetic resistance represents.
  • the magnetic resistance in the flow axis is essentially due to the magnetically effective non-ferromagnetic "air gap" between the ends of the Transverse yoke and the inner surface of the roller determined.
  • the transverse yoke extends in the axial direction over the entire length of the inductor and is divided into several axial sections, which can be rotated independently of one another by at least ⁇ / 2 from the flow axis, where ⁇ is the electrical angle between the phase currents.
  • each transverse yoke section is advantageous with its ends on the inner surface of the inductor and with its axis of rotation in an axial bore of the axle flange of the inductor stored, the axes of rotation of the transverse yoke sections from the Project the axle flange of the roller so that it is accessible from the outside are.
  • Each of the transverse yoke sections is with its Axis of rotation rigidly connected.
  • the axes of rotation are nested and mutually rotatable hollow shafts, of which each is accessible at one end from the outside and on their other end with one of the transverse yoke sections connected is.
  • Hollow shafts at their free ends, preferably via an automatic Manual gearbox connected to a servomotor.
  • phase groups of the inductor generally extend over different circumferential areas of the roll shell, the greater heat source density on the roll surface generally being to be produced above the phase group with the respectively smaller extent on the roll circumference.
  • the magnetically effective air gap between the ends of the transverse yoke and the inner surface of the roller shell must be kept as small as possible. This means that the radial height of the conductor of the inductor must be as small as possible.
  • the conductors of the inductor have the shape of cylindrical shells.
  • These conductor shells can be coated with a thin, electrically insulating plastic covering with self-lubricating Properties, e.g. Teflon, on which the equally with ends coated with such a plastic the transverse yokes are slidably mounted.
  • a further reduction in the magnetic air gap can be achieved if the inductor is rigidly connected to the roll shell.
  • the necessary distance between the outer surface of the inductor and the inner surface of the roller is no longer determined in this case by the maximum deflection of the roller, but only by the required electrical insulation between the roller and the inductor. Since the inductor now rotates together with the roller, the individual conductors of the inductor are looped in the manner of a DC commutator winding to maintain a fixed flow axis - or connected in wave form in series and individually at one end of the inductor to the fins of a collector, via which the electrical connection to the power source is established.
  • the transverse yoke If the transverse yoke is turned out of its bridge position between the phase boundaries, the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuits increases very strongly. The magnetic flux, and with it also the induced heating power in the roll shell, decrease correspondingly strongly. In the case of an inductor with a symmetrical, two-phase conductor arrangement, the phase boundaries on the circumference of the roll are diametrically opposite. If the transverse yoke with its longitudinal axis is rotated through 90 ° in the middle of the phase groups, the flooding of the inductor is canceled in relation to the transverse yoke, so that no flow is driven via the transverse yoke.
  • This contactless adjustment of the heating power can be even over the entire bale width of the roller, but also in sections, e.g. be made at the ends of the rollers by only the transverse yoke sections located at the corresponding points be rotated.
  • Zone heating on the roller circumference is achieved according to the invention by arranging the phase groups in such a way that they extend over circumferential regions of different sizes.
  • the boundaries between the phase groups are then no longer diametrically opposed; only the central angles of the phase groups continue to add up to 360 °. Since the same current flows in each of the two phase groups, their floodings are the same.
  • the magnetic resistances of their magnetic circuits are proportional and their fluxes are inversely proportional to their central angles.
  • the possibility is provided according to the invention to superimpose a direct current flow on the alternating current flow through the inductor, by means of which the magnetic field strength in the roll shell is shifted into a region of sufficiently low permeability of the BH curve of the casing steel, without the permeability thereby of the magnetically conductive material of the transverse yoke is significantly reduced.
  • This can be achieved by choosing a suitable ferromagnetic material and a sufficiently large magnetic cross section of the cross yoke.
  • a DC source is coupled into the AC circuit of the inductor in a known manner via a low-pass filter, for example a choke.
  • the transverse yoke is stacked from thin, insulated sheets and is held together, for example, with a bandage made of GRP, the individual sheets being arranged lying in the flow direction. This effectively suppresses eddy currents in the transverse yoke.
  • the magnetic resistances of the phase groups can also be set in the desired ratio in that the covering of the roll shell by the transverse yoke in the region of the phase boundary and thus the area of the air gap is different for the adjoining phase groups. This can be achieved by shifting the axis of the transverse yoke from the flow axis.
  • the size of the air gap can also be different for the two phase groups, which can be achieved by appropriately asymmetrical shaping of the transverse yoke at its ends in the form of appropriately designed pole pieces.
  • phase group with the smaller central angle is to represent the zone of higher specific heating power
  • its magnetic circuit is given the smaller air gap and the larger air gap area in such a way that the magnetic alternating flux driven by the flooding of this phase group via the transverse yoke through the roller jacket and the heat source generated by it density is correspondingly higher than on the remaining circumference of the roller.
  • this heating zone can be brought into any desired position which is most advantageous in terms of process technology. This enables optimal heat transfer to the rolling stock and, at the same time, optimal use of energy.
  • the energy losses caused by convection and heat radiation on the largest part of the roll circumference that is not in contact with the rolling stock can be significantly reduced with the lower heating output and the corresponding lowering of the surface temperature in this circumferential range.
  • the peripheral magnetic excitation of the roll shell is inevitably the same as a result of the stretched, axial conductor arrangement over the entire current-carrying length of the inductor.
  • this is the case at least over the width of a cross-yoke section and also over the entire bale width if all cross-yoke sections have the same angular position with respect to the flow axis.
  • the transition of the eddy current path between the outside and inside diameter of the roll shell only takes place at the ends of the inductor.
  • this undesirable effect is eliminated by that immediately adjacent to the inner surface of the Roll cylinder a layer of a material with an im Compared to the steel roll much lower specific electrical resistance, e.g. Copper is attached, the Thickness of this layer of the penetration depth of the electric field equivalent. This ensures that the induction on the roller transferred heat output in relation to the specific Resistance to the inner and outer surface of the roller divide and thus the heat predominantly on the outer roller surface is produced.
  • a layer of a material with an im Compared to the steel roll much lower specific electrical resistance, e.g. Copper is attached, the Thickness of this layer of the penetration depth of the electric field equivalent.
  • the two diversions are over 180 ° offset on the circumference in grooves of the axis flange of the inductor arranged.
  • the two pole bridges offset by 180 ° around the circumference used which the magnetically conductive connection between the magnetic poles of the axis flanges of the roller and inductor produce. So they form the connecting lines of the pole bridges with the connecting lines of the current conductors an angle of 90 °, the auxiliary heating is switched on; the angle is 0 °, so it is largely turned off.
  • thermo roll 1 The induction heating for a thermo roll 1 consists of a Roll jacket 2, axle flanges 3, 3 ', on which the thermo roll 1 is rotatably mounted, and the inductor 4, which has axle flanges 7, 7 'in axial bores of the axle flanges 3, 3' Thermo roll 1 is used.
  • the inductor 4 is, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, inside the Roll shell 2 arranged and consists in the shown here single-phase version of an inner conductor 5, the by an insulating piece 5.3 in two electrically separated and mechanically interconnected conductor sections 5.1 and 5.2 is divided, outer current conductors 6, sliding contact carriers 8, 8 'with inner sliding contact 8.1, 8.1' and outer sliding contact 8.2, 8.2 ', the spindle nut 9.1, 9.2 and a spindle 10 and a magnetic shield 11 of the inner conductor 5th
  • the outer current conductors 6 of the inductor coil 4 ' can be round or profile rods, but also cylindrical shells and are arranged uniformly distributed on the inner circumference of the roll shell 2 and fastened at their ends in axle flanges 7, 7' of the inductor 4.
  • the current conductors 6 are connected to a current source from both ends of the thermal roller 1 via the inner current conductor 5, the inner sliding contacts 8.1, 8.1 ', the sliding contact carriers 8, 8' and the outer sliding contacts 8.2, 8.2 '.
  • the outer current conductors 6 are electrically connected to one another in the circumferential direction over their entire length or in sections, so that the current is distributed evenly peripherally over the outer current conductors 6 to the outer current conductors 6.
  • the current flows in the outer current conductors 6, namely over the entire circumference of the inductor in the same direction, as shown by arrows in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • a magnetic flux is generated in the roll shell 2, which flows in the circumferential direction, as the arrows in FIG. 2 show.
  • Eddy currents are induced in the roll shell by the flow and flow on the current paths shown by arrows in FIG. 1.
  • the length of the eddy current path and thus the heated width of the roller shell can be adjusted by varying the length of the outer current conductor 6 through which current flows.
  • the spindle 10 consists of two parts of the same length with the same size but opposite thread pitch.
  • the spindle nuts 9.1 and 9.2 located on the sections of the spindle 10 likewise have mutually opposite thread pitches of the same pitch and are arranged on the spindle 10 symmetrically to the axial center of the roller.
  • the spindle nuts 9.1, 9.2 move together with the sliding contact carriers 8, 8 'along the same long distances, either towards or away from each other.
  • the current-flow path of the outer current conductors 6 and thus the inductively heated width of the roll shell 2 decrease or increase accordingly.
  • the inner conductor 5 To induce eddy currents in the roll shell 2 outside the distance delimited by the sliding contact carrier 8 to prevent the current flowing in the inner conductor 5, is the inner conductor 5 with a magnetic shield 11 provided, which consists of the shells 11.1 and 11.2. each the two shells are made of thin, isolated from each other ferromagnetic sheets assembled and carries on their outer surface of an electromagnetic screen 12 electrically good conductive material.
  • the magnetic shield 11 extends over the entire length of the thermal roller 1, at least over the full length of the inner conductor 5 between the connections of its sections 5.1 and 5.2 to the Power source not shown here. This will not only in the edge areas of the roll shell 2, but also in the Axle flanges 3, 3 'and 7, 7' an induction of eddy currents prevented.
  • the thermal roller 1 it is desirable to actively influence the temperature field in these areas.
  • This is taken into account by the structure of the magnetic shield 11 according to the invention in such a way that the two shells 11.1 and 11.2 have different diameters so that they can be rotated into one another and thus partially release the inner current conductor 5 depending on the angle of rotation. So that the inductive coupling of the inner conductor 5 to the axle flanges 3, 3 'or. the edge regions of the roll shell 2, that is to say also the heating power inductively transferred there, are continuously increased from zero to the value required in each case.
  • To set the angle of rotation at least one of the shells 11.1 or 11.2 of the magnetic shield 11 is guided out of the inductor 4 on at least one side of the thermo roll 1 to such an extent that it is accessible from the outside through its axle flange 7.
  • the inductor 4 is inclusive of all fixtures located therein. That is why the axle flange 7 of the inductor 4 in the axle flange 3 of the thermo roll 1 rotatably mounted and at its ends on the roller frame attached.
  • the inner, tubular current conductor 5 is also with the ends of its sections 5.1 and 5.2 on the machine frame supported and solid with the electrical system of the power source electrically connected. It applies to each of its ends electrically insulating bearings inside the spindle 10 and outside the shells 11.1 and 11.2 of the magnetic shield 11. Die Bearings of the shells 11.1 and 11.2 have different outside diameters and are axially offset so that they twist into each other of the shells 11.1 and 11.2.
  • the conductor 5 is with the spindle 10 and the magnetic shield 11 through an axial bore in the axle flanges 7 of the Inductor 4 accessible from the outside on both sides from the interior the thermal roller 1 led out.
  • FIG. 3 and 4 show an inductive heating arrangement with an inductor 4 in a symmetrical two-phase design.
  • the outer current conductors 13 'and 14' of the inductor coil 4 ' are divided into two equally large phase groups 13 and 14 and are electrically separated by insulating rods 15.
  • the electrical phase angle is 180 °, ie the current flows in one phase group from one end to the other of the inductor 4 and back in the other phase group.
  • the current supply lines 17 and 18 are located at one end of the inductor 4, while at the other end of the inductor the two phase groups 13, 14 are connected to one another by the phase bridge 18.
  • the current conductors 13 ', 14' of the two phase groups 13, 14 have a common flow axis 19 which extends between the roller axis and the peripheral phase boundaries.
  • the transverse yoke 20 with the pole shoes 21 is arranged symmetrically in the flow axis 19. Due to the opposite direction of rotation of their flooding, each phase group 13, 14 forms its own magnetic circuit 22 or 23.
  • the roller shell 2 forms the core of such a magnetic circuit on the section covered by the respective phase group 13 or 14.
  • the two core halves of the roll shell 2 meet with their respective poles of the same name at the phase boundaries.
  • the transverse yoke 20 forms the common bridge of the two magnetic circuits between the diametrically opposite, opposite poles of the two core halves.
  • the direction of the flows generated by the phase groups 13 and 14 are shown in FIG. 4 by arrows.
  • the magnetic resistance of the magnetic circuits 22 and 23, respectively by the width and surface area of the air gap 24 between the transverse yoke 20 and the inner surface of the roll shell 2 determined.
  • the air gap is therefore appropriately dimensioned as narrow as the radial Thickness of the outer conductor 13 ', 14' and the deflection of the Allow roll shell 2.
  • the surface of the air gap can be expanded by expanding the width the pole shoes 21, 21 'enlarged so far in the circumferential direction be as required the uniformity of the peripheral Flow or heat source density distribution in the roll shell 2 allows.
  • the peripheral Flux density and heat flow density distribution within wide limits can be varied.
  • the inductive coupling between the inductor 4 and the roller shell 2, ie the heating power which can be transferred to the roller shell 2 with a specific inductor current, can be reduced from its maximum value to practically zero if the transverse yoke 20 is rotated 90 ° from the flow axis 19.
  • the magnetic field in this limit position is shown in Fig. 5.
  • the flooding of the phase groups 13 and 14 cancel each other out with respect to the transverse yoke 20, so that only a leakage flux can develop.
  • the leakage flux is significantly lower than the flux in the bridge position of the transverse yoke 20. This is even more so for the quadratic dependence of the heat sources on the flux density inductively transmitted heating power. With a constant inductor current, the heating power can thus be varied within wide limits simply by rotating the transverse yoke 20.
  • the transverse yoke 20 is divided axially into a plurality of sections 20 ′, 20 ′′, 20 ′′ ′′ that can be rotated relative to one another, as in FIG. 3 is shown schematically.
  • the two outer transverse yokes 20 'and 20''' are in the limit position of minimal inductive coupling between inductor 4 and roller shell 2.
  • the central transverse yoke 20 '' assumes the bridge position, that is, it produces the maximum inductive coupling. Because of this constellation, eddy currents are generated only in the central axial section of the roll shell 2.
  • the eddy current paths and the direction of the eddy currents are shown by the arrows. Since the current in the current conductors 13 'and 14' of the phase groups 13, 14 'cannot change in the direction of flow indicated by the arrows, the magnetic flux density and thus also the heat source density in the axial direction is inevitably constant as long as the inductive coupling between inductor 4 and roll shell 2 is constant. This applies over the axial length of the transverse yoke 20, as shown in FIG. 3. In the edge region of the central section 20 ′′ of the transverse yoke 20, however, the coupling decreases considerably, so that the current flowing in the axial direction decreases to zero by fanning out in the radial direction.
  • the near-surface layers of the eddy current paths lying on the inner and outer circumference of the roll shell 2 merge into one another over the ends of the transverse yoke 20.
  • the electromagnetic and thermal boundary field that forms can, depending on the thickness of the roll shell 2, extend considerably beyond the axial ends of the transverse yoke 20 and, in particular, when the outer sections 20 ', 20''' are also in the bridge position, into the Extend the area of the axle flange 3 of the roller 1.
  • the cross yokes 20 with their sections 20 ', 20' ', 20' '' sit on concentrically arranged, rotatably mounted on each other Hollow shafts 25, 25 ', 25' ', being on one side of the thermo roll 1 the innermost hollow shaft 25 'and on the other side the thermal roller 1 has the outermost hollow shaft 25 '' in the axle flange 7 of the inductor 4 is rotatably mounted.
  • the ends of the hollow shafts are on one side of the thermal roller 1 through the axial bore of the axle flange 7 of the inductor 4 led out accessible from the outside. You can be connected to an actuator there be part of a temperature controller.
  • the transverse yokes 20 are mounted directly on the inner lateral surface of the inductor 4, ie on the inner surfaces of the current conductors 13 ', 14'.
  • phase groups 13 and 14 extend over differently large areas of the roll circumference, but carry the same current.
  • the floods of both phase groups 13, 14 are therefore the same.
  • Their flow axes 19 form the edges of a circular disk segment, which includes the peripheral heating zone 27 with the phase group 13.
  • the transverse yoke 20.1 is arranged in the flow axis 19.
  • the phase floodings partially cancel each other out, the flow axes and the corresponding magnetic circuits being impressed in this case by the transverse yoke 20.1.
  • the resulting flux through the two magnetic circuits is a quarter of the phase flux.
  • the flux in the inner magnetic circuit 28 enclosed by the legs of the transverse yoke 20.1 is again three times the flux in the outer magnetic circuit 29. That is, based on the maximum flux density in the heating zone 27 according to FIG.
  • 8 and 9 show an arrangement which offers this possibility by setting different magnetic circuit constellations.
  • 8 shows the arrangement in the position in which the magnetic flux is used for heating.
  • the magnetic circuit is shown in FIG. 9 in the setting in which the magnetic flux is effectively suppressed.
  • the two-phase magnetic circuit arrangement consists of the axle flange 3 of the thermal roller 1, the axle flange 7 of the inductor 4 with the electromagnetic shielding caps 30 and the adjusting ring 35 with the pole bridges 31 and the electromagnetic pole shielding caps 32.
  • the pole bridges 31 made of ferromagnetic material bridge the air gap 33 in the circumferential area between two shielding caps 30 and thus each form a magnetic circuit for each of the two current leads 17 and 18 with the same magnetic resistance.
  • the magnetic fluxes are driven by the flooding of the phase currents in the current supply lines 17 and 18, as shown by arrows in FIG. 8.
  • eddy currents are induced in the axis flanges 3 and 7, which cause heating there.
  • the pole bridges 31 are positioned radially via the power supply lines 17 and 18 and the electromagnetic pole shield caps 32 are positioned via the poles 34 of the magnetic circuit by rotating the adjusting ring 33 by 90 °.
  • the axle flange 3 of the thermal roller 1 is completely shielded electromagnetically from the axle flange 7 of the inductor 4.
  • the magnetic circuits of the power supply lines 17 and 18 are practically interrupted, so that the magnetic flux is effectively suppressed.
  • intermediate positions are also possible by correspondingly turning the adjusting ring 35.
  • the magnetic circuit arrangement shown in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 can also be used analogously for heating the roll shell.
  • item 3 denotes the roll shell 2
  • item 7 the transverse yoke 20.2 and item 17 and item 18 the current conductors 13 ', 14' of the two phases of the inductor 4.
  • the transverse yoke 20.2 can be the crosshead of a bending compensation roller , over which a cylinder made of thin, insulated sheet metal is arranged concentrically as a magnetic conductor.
  • the pole bridges are then expediently designed as hydraulic elements or integrated into them.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Induction Heating (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Chauffage à induction pour cylindres thermiques comportant une chemise de cylindre (2) en forme de cylindre creux installée en rotation et munie à ses extrémités de brides d'axe (3, 3'), un inducteur (4) disposé à l'intérieur de l'un de ces espaces entourés par celle-ci et couplé par induction à la chemise du cylindre, qui consiste en une bobine d'inductance (4') qui est traversée par un courant mono- ou multiphasé, et en un noyau magnétique, la chemise du cylindre formant elle-même le noyau magnétique et la bobine d'inductance consistant en un ou plusieurs conducteurs de courant (6, 13', 14') en forme de bâtonnets ou de coques, répartis en périphérie à proximité de la surface intérieure de la chemise du cylindre en agencement parallèle à l'axe, s'étendant axialement du moins sur la plus grande largeur de saillie du cylindre (1) et réglables par sections ou par zones dans leur couplage inductif sur la chemise du cylindre.
  2. Chauffage à induction selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la bobine d'inductance (4') possède ses propres brides d'axe (7, 7'), qui sont installées fixement ou en rotation dans les brides d'axes (3, 3') du cylindre thermique (1).
  3. Chauffage à induction selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les conducteurs de courant extérieurs (6) de la bobine d'inductance (4') ne sont traversés par du courant que dans les sections dans lesquelles doit avoir lieu un couplage inductif sur la chemise du cylindre (2).
  4. Chauffage à induction selon les revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que les conducteurs de courant extérieurs (6) sont reliés électriquement sur toute leur longueur ou par sections à une ou plusieurs piste(s) de contact parallèles axialement sur la surface intérieure de la bobine d'inductance (4') et que des contacts de frottement (8.1, 8.1') intérieurs fixés sur des supports de contacts de frottement (8, 8') sont guidés sur un conducteur de courant intérieur (5) disposé à proximité de l'axe du cylindre thermique et les contacts de frottement extérieurs (8.2, 8.2') sur la/les piste(s) de contact.
  5. Chauffage à induction selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur de courant intérieur (5) est divisé, au centre axial de la largeur de saillie du cylindre thermique (1), en deux pièces partielles (5.1, 5.2) isolées électriquement l'une par rapport à l'autre et guidé vers l'extérieur à travers les brides d'axe (3, 3') vers les deux côtés du cylindre thermique (1) et est relié à une source de courant altematif, et que les supports de contacts de frottement (8, 8') sont disposés symétriquement par rapport au centre axial de la saillie de cylindre du cylindre thermique (1) et sont fixés chacun sur un écrou de broche (9), qui présente une pente (9.1, 9.2) de même hauteur opposée respectivement à l'écrou de broche du côté opposé du cylindre.
  6. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le conducteur de courant intérieur (5) possède en continu ou du moins partiellement un blindage magnétique (11).
  7. Chauffage à induction selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le blindage (11) consiste en une chemise ferromagnétique comportant une fente à air s'étendant axialement et possède de manière avantageuse sur sa circonférence une couche agissant comme un écran électromagnétique (12) formée d'un matériau bon conducteur d'électricité.
  8. Chauffage à induction selon les revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé en ce que le blindage (11) est formé de demi-coques (11.1, 11.2) qui s'étendent jusque dans les zones du bord du cylindre thermique (1) et/ou dans les zones des brides de l'axe (3, 3') et peuvent être toumées l'une dans l'autre au moins dans les zones du bord et les zones des brides de l'axe (3, 3').
  9. Chauffage à induction selon les revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé en ce que les conducteurs de courant (13', 14') de la bobine d'inductance (4') sont reliés électriquement, en cas de raccordement à un courant altematif multiphasé dans des groupes de phases (13 et 14) isolés électriquement les uns des autres, aux deux extrémités, les groupes de phases (13 et 14) étant branchés ensemble électriquement à une extrémité, et étant disposée en rotation à l'intérieur de la chemise du cylindre au moins sur la largeur de saillie la plus grande une travée transversale (20) qui s'étend dans sa position de base entre les limites de phases périphériques et est divisée en sections axiales individuelles (20', 20", 20''') pouvant tourner les unes par rapport aux autres autour de l'axe du cylindre, sections qui peuvent avoir des fentes à air de grandeurs différentes par rapport à la chemise du cylindre (2).
  10. Chauffage à induction selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que les sections (20', 20", 20''') de la travée transversale (20) consistent en matériau ferromagnétique, de préférence en tôles minces isolées les unes par rapport aux autres, disposées en couches les unes sur les autres dans le sens de flux et sont conformées aux extrémités avec des masses polaires (20, 21') de manière à ce que la fente à air entre la travée transversale (20) et la chemise du cylindre (2) puisse varier en périphérie.
  11. Chauffage à induction selon les revendications 9 et 10, caractérisé en ce que les groupes de phases (13 et 14) s'étendent sur des zones de dimensions différentes de la circonférence du cylindre et que la travée transversale (20) guidant le flux magnétique est conformée comme un segment de disque circulaire (20.1) pouvant tourner autour de l'axe du cylindre.
  12. Chauffage à induction selon les revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que chacune des sections (20', 20", 20''') possède un axe de rotation propre (25, 25', 25") qui est guidé vers l'extérieur pour actionnement de préférence à travers une des brides d'axe (3).
  13. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 9 à 12, caractérisé en ce que les travées transversales (20) sont installées de manière à pouvoir glisser sur les surfaces intérieures des conducteurs de courant (13', 14'), les conducteurs de courant (13', 14') étant munis d'un revêtement mince isolateur électrique (36) et/ou la travée transversale (20) d'un capuchon isolant (26).
  14. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la bobine d'inductance (4') est fixe et que la distance entre les conducteurs de courant (6 et 13', 14') en forme de bâtonnet ou de coque et la chemise du cylindre (2) est au moins égale à la flexion maximale de celle-ci pendant le fonctionnement du cylindre thermique (1).
  15. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que la bobine d'inductance (4') est reliée rigidement à la chemise du cylindre (2) et que les conducteurs de courant (6 et 13', 14'), afin d'établir un axe de circulation à position fixe, sont dirigés vers un collecteur grâce auquel est établie la liaison électrique avec la source de courant.
  16. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 9 à 15, caractérisé en ce que plusieurs ou la totalité des conducteurs de courant (13', 14') consistent en une multitude de conducteurs partiels isolés les uns par rapport aux autres qui sont branchés en ligne pour former des spires axiales.
  17. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 9 à 16, caractérisé en ce que les conducteurs de courant (13', 14') des différents groupes de phases (13, 14) s'étendent sur des zones de dimensions différentes sur la circonférence intérieure de la chemise du cylindre (2).
  18. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'est superposé au courant mono- ou multiphasé un courant continu.
  19. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'est appliquée, directement adjacente à la surface intérieure de la chemise du cylindre (2), une couche de matériau à résistance électrique spécifique sensiblement plus faible comparativement au matériau de la chemise du cylindre, l'épaisseur de cette couche équivalant à la profondeur de pénétration du champ électrique.
  20. Chauffage à induction selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce que sont disposées en rotation, entre la chemise du cylindre (2) et les conducteurs de courant (13', 14') de la bobine d'inductance (4), des barrettes de connexion (31, 31') recouvrant respectivement ceux-ci par phases et des capuchons de blindage polaires électromagnétiques (32, 32') qui créent au choix par rotation une liaison à conduction magnétique ou une interruption entre la chemise du cylindre (2) et une travée transversale (20.2), la travée transversale (20.2) étant constituée par un cylindre creux, rationnellement en tôle, disposé coaxialement sur un diamètre intérieur de la bobine d'inductance (4').
  21. Chauffage à induction selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes 9 à 20, caractérisé en ce que les conducteurs de courant (13, 14) sont reliés à des lignes de courant (17, 18) qui sont guidées à travers la bride d'axe du cylindre (3) et que sont disposés coaxialement, avec mobilité en rotation, entre les lignes de courant (17, 18) et la bride d'axe (3), des barrettes de connexion (31, 31') recouvrant respectivement par phases les lignes de courant (17, 18) et des capuchons de blindage polaires électromagnétiques (32, 32'), qui créent au choix par rotation une liaison à conduction magnétique ou un blindage magnétique entre la bride d'axe (3) du cylindre (1) et la bride d'axe (7) de la bobine d'inductance (4') et servent rationnellement de palier lisse entre la bride d'axe du cylindre (3) et la bride d'axe (7) de la bobine d'inductance (4').
EP99250403A 1998-11-16 1999-11-15 Chauffage par induction pour cylindres thermiques Expired - Lifetime EP1001658B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19854034 1998-11-16
DE19854034A DE19854034A1 (de) 1998-11-16 1998-11-16 Induktionsheizung für Thermowalzen

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EP1001658A1 EP1001658A1 (fr) 2000-05-17
EP1001658B1 true EP1001658B1 (fr) 2003-10-01

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US (1) US6278094B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1001658B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP3439705B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE251377T1 (fr)
CA (1) CA2290154C (fr)
DE (2) DE19854034A1 (fr)

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JP4624768B2 (ja) * 2004-11-29 2011-02-02 オリンパス株式会社 被検体内導入装置および被検体内導入システム
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KR101539223B1 (ko) * 2008-12-30 2015-07-28 삼성전자 주식회사 정착기 및 이를 구비하는 화상형성장치
DE102012101474A1 (de) * 2012-02-23 2013-08-29 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung von Metallbauteilen sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
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CN110293132B (zh) * 2019-07-04 2020-07-07 燕山大学 一种具有内冷机制的多段式凸度调控轧辊
CN113210422B (zh) * 2021-04-19 2022-06-14 福州大学 一种铝带冷轧机工作辊边部感应加热辊温预测方法
CN113245371B (zh) * 2021-06-30 2022-07-19 燕山大学 一种改善冷轧板带边降的电磁调控轧辊
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JP2000150131A (ja) 2000-05-30
US6278094B1 (en) 2001-08-21
CA2290154A1 (fr) 2000-05-16
EP1001658A1 (fr) 2000-05-17
ATE251377T1 (de) 2003-10-15
DE19854034A1 (de) 2000-05-18
DE59907182D1 (de) 2003-11-06
JP3439705B2 (ja) 2003-08-25
CA2290154C (fr) 2003-10-07

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