EP0685022B1 - Deckenschalung - Google Patents

Deckenschalung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0685022B1
EP0685022B1 EP94906871A EP94906871A EP0685022B1 EP 0685022 B1 EP0685022 B1 EP 0685022B1 EP 94906871 A EP94906871 A EP 94906871A EP 94906871 A EP94906871 A EP 94906871A EP 0685022 B1 EP0685022 B1 EP 0685022B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
plate
head
ceiling
support
stop
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP94906871A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0685022A1 (de
Inventor
Artur Schwörer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Peri GmbH
Original Assignee
Peri GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6480979&utm_source=***_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0685022(B1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Peri GmbH filed Critical Peri GmbH
Publication of EP0685022A1 publication Critical patent/EP0685022A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0685022B1 publication Critical patent/EP0685022B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E04G11/486—Dropheads supporting the concrete after removal of the shuttering; Connecting means on beams specially adapted for dropheads
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G11/00—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs
    • E04G11/36—Forms, shutterings, or falsework for making walls, floors, ceilings, or roofs for floors, ceilings, or roofs of plane or curved surfaces end formpanels for floor shutterings
    • E04G11/48—Supporting structures for shutterings or frames for floors or roofs
    • E04G11/483—Supporting heads

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system slab formwork with slab props and rectangular formwork elements and ceiling beams, whereby upright slab sections are provided on a prop head containing a head plate, which lie in a vertical plane containing the prop axis and are arranged at a distance from the vertical prop axis are.
  • a rectangular head plate has radially extending arms extending beyond the corners of this plate, at the ends of which vertical bolts are fastened, which from below into the corner region of the frame one on the plate supporting formwork element can intervene and hold these formwork elements.
  • the four corners of the four formwork elements placed on the head plate meet in the extension of the column axis.
  • Radially extending upstanding webs are provided on the side face of the head plate, which abut the side faces of the adjacent formwork elements. The corner of a formwork element is held in place by the bolt and the webs.
  • the invention has for its object to develop slab formwork that are very safe, especially when removing the ceiling elements and yet easy to use and whose column head is suitable for maintaining various elements of a slab circuit while maintaining a high level of safety to simplify the slab formwork.
  • the plate sections engage as holding means for ceiling elements which support themselves on the support head in the underside of the ceiling element and in that an additional stop is provided for the ceiling elements, via which the ceiling element has to be raised when removed after pivoting .
  • This formwork has the advantage that the ceiling formwork elements do not inadvertently step over the stop or the upper end of these holding means when they are swiveled and fall down. After swiveling, the ceiling elements only have to be raised a small amount in order to completely remove them from the support. On such a prop head, both ceiling beams and also formwork elements can be placed securely, if necessary, with the addition of further parts.
  • the ceiling beams can then e.g. Formwork elements are placed. This formwork is therefore very versatile.
  • the plate sections have an end face facing the support axis, which extends upwards in such a way that the plate sections extend taper upwards, with a vertical or undercut end face section adjoining the top end of the face as a stop.
  • This formwork has the advantage that the feet of frames of formwork elements are moved upwards when pivoting away on the inclined surface caused by the taper.
  • the stop prevents the ceiling formwork elements from inadvertently stepping over the upper end of these holding means and falling down when they are pivoted away. After swiveling, the formwork elements only have to be raised by the small amount of the height of the stop in order to completely remove them from the support.
  • the formwork elements When swiveling, the formwork elements are swiveled around their feet on the frame as a swivel axis.
  • Another advantage of this embodiment is that when the formwork element is lifted during dismantling, the pivot axis moves with the feet upwards and outwards, so that the formwork element moves outwards. If all four formwork elements still rest on the column head, the raised formwork element gains at its edges the distance from the neighboring formwork elements, which, because of its thickness, is required for pivoting if the edge of the formwork skin is in one plane with the outer side surface of the frame of the formwork element lies.
  • a preferably slot-shaped recess is provided at the ends of ceiling elements designed as ceiling supports, which can accommodate a raised plate section, and the stop is engaged by the support after the support is placed on the support head and holds it on the support head attached carrier in its longitudinal direction.
  • the carrier end is held between the plate section engaging in the recess and the stop.
  • the beams can be placed on the support head from below.
  • Two plate sections lying in a vertical plane containing the support axis can be arranged on the head plate, but in embodiments of the invention four such plate sections are provided on the head plate in two perpendicular planes intersecting each other.
  • the head plate can have any shape. In one embodiment of the invention, however, the support head is rectangular and the plate sections run radially inwards from the corners. This embodiment of the invention has the advantage that the pivoting of the ceiling elements is not prematurely hindered by edges of the head plate.
  • the vertical plate sections extend beyond the edge of the head plate, which in turn contributes to the fact that the ceiling formwork parts which are supported on the column head can be swiveled as freely as possible from parts of the column head.
  • the stop can be provided at any point on the support head. In one embodiment of the invention, this stop is provided on a part connected to the head plate in extension of the plate sections at a distance from the edge of the plate. In embodiments of the invention, this stop can lie below the plane of the head plate.
  • a support head designated as a whole by 2 is attached to the upper end of a support 1.
  • This support head has a base plate 3 and a head plate 4, which is somewhat smaller than the base plate 3, at a distance of, for example, 50 mm above the base plate 3.
  • the top plate 4 is connected to the base plate 3 by vertically positioned webs 16, which are arranged crosswise and intersect in the longitudinal axis 6 of the support.
  • the base plate 3 is square, the vertical plate sections 5 and 10 extend radially inward from the corners of this square.
  • the head plate 4 is octagonal in the illustrated embodiment, but it can just as well be another, e.g. have a square shape.
  • the vertical plate sections 5 and 10 extend radially outward over the edge 7 of the head plate 4 and the edge 14 of the base plate 3.
  • the plate sections 5 and 10 have a stop 15 passing through the plate sections approximately at their outer end.
  • the support head shown in FIG. 3 has on its underside a central rod 18 which is immersed in the upper end of a support 1 and is fastened in it.
  • the support 1 also has a mounting plate 20 on which the support head 2 with its base plate 3 can be placed and also attached.
  • the frame 22 made of metal has at its lower end an inward foot 25 with which it rests on the head plate 4.
  • the flange 23 is designed as a drip nose.
  • the outer edge of the flange 23 runs with the formwork element placed on the top plate 4 in a longitudinal center plane from which the foot 25 is at a certain distance 17.
  • four formwork elements 21 can be placed on the top plate 4, so that the edges of the flanges 23 lie close together.
  • the corner of the four rectangular formwork elements 21 lies in the area of the support axis 6.
  • the plate sections 5 and 10 therefore run at an angle of 45 ° to the walls of the frame 22.
  • the end face 8 facing the support axis 6 therefore engages in the corner from below and inside of the formwork element.
  • the inner edge of the foot 25 of the frame 22 is fitting or with some play at the lower end of the end face 8, so that four formwork elements 21 placed on the head plate 4 are held immovably.
  • the end faces 8 are curved. However, they can also run flat or the plate section 5 can have a different shape. It is important that the lower frame end of the attached formwork element is held with little play, but the cross-section of the plate section 5 tapers upwards, so that the side wall of the frame when the formwork element is pivoted away during the dismantling of the slab formwork first around the inner edge of the foot 25 pivots. After a certain swivel angle, either initially slides without contacting the frame 22 on the upper edge 19 or with contact at the upper edge 19 of the foot 25 or the lower end of the frame 22 on the surface 8 upwards until it comes to rest against the stop 11.
  • the dimensions can be chosen so that at the end of the pivoting movement of the foot 25 still clearly engages behind the stop 11, so that the formwork element 21 has to be raised somewhat so that the foot is released from the stop 11.
  • the stop 11 is so low that it is completely released from the stop 11 when the formwork element 21 is pivoted further than its vertical position.
  • the stop 15 has no function in this embodiment of the slab formwork according to the invention.
  • FIG. 7 schematically shows the system picture of an embodiment of the formwork shown in FIG. 3.
  • the four corners of a formwork element 21 are placed on four support heads 2 and are held there by the respective plate sections 5 and 10.
  • the other formwork elements 21 line up with one another in a joint-tight manner.
  • ceiling longitudinal beams 26 are placed on the base plate, which carry on their upper surface 27 obliquely upwardly directed tabs 28, which from below behind the lower edge and foot 25 of the frame 22 from engage the surface 27 on the formwork elements 21 and thus hold the formwork element 21 immovably on the carrier 26.
  • the end of the carrier 26 has a vertical end face 29.
  • the end of the ceiling girder 26 has a slit which is open at the bottom and which extends to approximately 2/3 of the girder height and which either also penetrates the end face 29 or the slit 31 is closed in the region of the end face 29 by a vertical plate 32.
  • the lower edge 33 of the carrier 26 initially runs a small distance parallel to the longitudinal axis of the carrier in order to ensure a good support on the plate 4 of the support head. Then, however, the edge 33 runs obliquely upwards, then sits over a bend 34, which can extend over 90 °, in an obliquely downward direction
  • Section 35 continues, which defines a downwardly extending projection 36.
  • the edge section 35 runs downward at a small distance from the edge of the head plate 4.
  • the projection 36 engages behind the stop 15 arranged below the plane of the head plate 4.
  • the slot 31 also runs in the longitudinal center plane of the projection 36.
  • the plate section 5 enters the slot 31 so that the carrier 26 is held by the plate section 5 engaging in the slot 31 and the projection 36 engaging behind the stop 15.
  • the end face 29 is at a small distance 37 from the support axis 6, the edge section 35 is at approximately the same distance 38 and the edge of the projection 26 facing the stop 15 is at a small distance 39 from the stop 15.
  • the carrier 26 is therefore mounted on the head 2 to be displaceable longitudinally by a small amount, so that tolerances in the dimensions of the formwork elements 21 can be compensated for if the position of the end face 40 on the flange 23 is determined by contact with the adjacent formwork element.
  • the load of the beam 26 is entered directly in the center of the support head through the short horizontal section of the edge 33.
  • the edge of the projection 36 facing the stop 15 initially runs upward in a section 41 approximately at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the beam, followed by an approximately semicircular cut 42 directed towards the beam end. This is followed by a parallel to the longitudinal axis of the beam Edge section 43, which opens into the edge 44 and runs to the lower boundary 45 of the carrier.
  • the pivoting movement of the support 26 when the formwork is being dismantled can vary in details depending on the selected dimensional relationships.
  • the bend 34 initially lies on the edge of the head plate 4, so that the projection 36 dips somewhat deeper into the support head 2.
  • the round incision 42 lies on the upper surface of the stop 15, so that the further pivoting around this support of the rounding of the incision 42 takes place on the upper surface of the stop 15 until a corner 46 at the end of the edge portion 45 on the support side comes to rest on the circumference 47 of the support 1.
  • the end plate 32 can also rest on the upper edge of the plate section 5.
  • a flank 48 of the incision 42 engages behind the stop 15 in this swivel position, so that the support 26 has to be raised a little in this position so that the flank 48 is released from the stop 15 and thus the support is perpendicular to the support axis the support can be removed and removed.
  • the plate sections 5 and 10 have the function of giving the support 26 a good hold transversely to its longitudinal axis, since these plate sections enter the slot 31.
  • the end faces 8 of the plate sections 5 and 10 have this Embodiment of the slab formwork not an essential function, at most that that when the girder is placed from above, the end plate 32 slides down along the surface 8 if it is placed at a correspondingly large distance from the column axis 6 and only then is pushed in the direction of the column axis , so that the projection 36 can step down into the space between the stop 15 and the edge of the head plate 4.
  • Figure 8 shows a system image of the embodiment shown in Figures 5 and 6.
  • the carriers 26 extend over two corners of the base plate 3 of the support head 2 facing away from one another.
  • the carriers 26 are attached to its two upper longitudinal side edges, i.e. on both sides of the carrier 26, e.g.
  • Two formwork elements 21 are placed on each other, the edges of which abut one another in a joint-tight manner, also above the column head 2.
  • the corners of four formwork elements 21 lie against one another in the extension of the column axis 6.
  • the ends of a slab beam cannot be placed on the column head reaching as far as the column axis 6, because a between the end face of one beam and the end face of the next beam extends upward support section 54, on which the drop sleeve can be lowered down.
  • the supports 26 lie somewhat further out on the top plate of the support head.
  • the top plate 49 is then reinforced by a bevel 50, so that the load entry through the supports 26, which is somewhat further away from the support axis 6, is also without further can be received by the support head 51.
  • a stop 15 on the support head 51 provided on a drop sleeve 52 is unnecessary.
  • the carrier 26 is pivoted over the edge 53 of the head plate 49.
  • a projection corresponding to the projection 36 in FIG. 5 on the underside of the beams 26 has no function in this embodiment of the slab formwork.
  • the pivoting movement of the carrier 26 is limited in this embodiment in that the edge section 44 on the underside of the carrier 26 rests against an edge 55 of a base plate 56 of the support head or the drop sleeve 52.
  • the support section 54 guiding the drop sleeve 52 runs between the end faces of the two support ends 26 resting on the support head and therefore between the end faces 40 of the formwork elements 21 placed on the support 26.
  • the upper end face 57 of the support section 54 is in this embodiment of the slab formwork preferably by a made of plastic strip 58 covered, the flanges 59 cover the joint between the end face 40 and the support section 54.
  • the plate sections 5 and 10 engage in the slot 31 of the carrier 26 and hold it transversely to the longitudinal direction of the carrier.
  • Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the ceiling formwork at the edge of the formwork surface, preferably at the beginning of the wall.
  • the ceiling support 26 can be placed on the support head 2 so that its lower edge 45 sits on the head plate 4.
  • the plate sections 5 and 10 in turn engage in a slot in the lower part of the carrier 26 and fix the carrier 26 transversely to its longitudinal direction.
  • the carrier 26 can be moved as far as desired towards a wall 60 within certain limits.
  • the formwork elements 21 are in turn placed on the upper surface of the carrier 26.
  • the support 1 is spindled accordingly.
  • the edge of the plate sections 5 and 10 facing away from the support axis 6 runs outside the head plate 4 and also outside the base plate 3.
  • the edge of the head plate 4 is at those points at which the plate sections 5 and 10 pass through the head plate 4 passes through, slotted.
  • a small curve 61 can also be connected to the end face 8 below the head plate 4.
  • the girder When swiveling the ceiling girder up when building a ceiling formwork, the girder is secured so that it does not fall down. This takes place in that the end plate 32 lies on the upper surface of the plate section 5, 10 and also the rounding of the incision 42 lies on the upper surface of the stop 15.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)
  • Supports Or Holders For Household Use (AREA)
  • Blinds (AREA)
  • Residential Or Office Buildings (AREA)
EP94906871A 1993-02-20 1994-02-10 Deckenschalung Expired - Lifetime EP0685022B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4305302 1993-02-20
DE4305302A DE4305302A1 (de) 1993-02-20 1993-02-20 Deckenschalung
PCT/DE1994/000154 WO1994019562A1 (de) 1993-02-20 1994-02-10 Deckenschalung

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0685022A1 EP0685022A1 (de) 1995-12-06
EP0685022B1 true EP0685022B1 (de) 1996-08-14

Family

ID=6480979

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP94906871A Expired - Lifetime EP0685022B1 (de) 1993-02-20 1994-02-10 Deckenschalung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5614122A (es)
EP (1) EP0685022B1 (es)
JP (1) JP3485569B2 (es)
KR (1) KR100202049B1 (es)
DE (2) DE4305302A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2093525T3 (es)
WO (1) WO1994019562A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (26)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE19932707C1 (de) * 1999-07-16 2001-02-01 Hahn Baumaschinen Gmbh Fixiereinrichtung für Schalelemente in einem Deckenschalsystem und Verfahren zum Montieren einer Deckenschalung für Betondecken
ES2174706B1 (es) * 2000-06-12 2003-10-16 Sistemas Tecn Encofrados Sa Perfeccionamientos en encofrados de piso, recuperables.
PT1384837E (pt) * 2001-04-03 2009-07-15 Ulma C Y E S Coop Sistema de cofragem para chãos e tectos
DE60138227D1 (de) * 2001-04-03 2009-05-14 Ulma C Y E S Coop Schalungssystem für platten
CA2416644C (en) 2003-01-20 2010-07-20 Paul Gillespie Concrete slab form system
DE102004004883B4 (de) 2003-08-04 2021-10-14 Friedrich Ischebeck Gmbh Deckenschalungs-Paneel und System-Deckenschalung
US20060042179A1 (en) * 2004-08-05 2006-03-02 Peter Vanagan Slab formwork systems
DE602005022505D1 (de) * 2005-02-23 2010-09-02 Ulma C Y E S Coop Umfangsplattenschalungssystem
WO2006100694A1 (en) * 2005-03-21 2006-09-28 Faresin Building Division S.P.A. Falling head support device for supporting beams of formworks for floors
DE102005031152A1 (de) * 2005-07-04 2007-01-18 Peri Gmbh Deckenschalungssystem
US20070200049A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Coday Jerry F Systems and Methods for Shoring Concrete
US20070200048A1 (en) * 2006-02-28 2007-08-30 Pro-Shore, Llc Systems and methods for shoring concrete
DE202006003836U1 (de) * 2006-03-10 2006-06-14 Peri Gmbh Deckenschalungssystem
DE102006015348A1 (de) * 2006-04-03 2007-10-04 Peri Gmbh Deckenschalungssystem
ES2269006B1 (es) * 2006-07-28 2007-10-16 Ingenieria De Encofrados Y Servicios, S.L. "encofrado para pisos".
DE102006055306B4 (de) * 2006-11-23 2010-10-07 Peri Gmbh Stützenkopf für eine Deckenschalung
DE102007036368A1 (de) * 2007-07-31 2009-02-05 Paschal-Werk G. Maier Gmbh Deckenschalung mit Unterstützungsmitteln für Schaltafeln
EP2080853A1 (en) * 2008-01-17 2009-07-22 SAFE b.v. Stabilizing receiving member for temporary structures
CN103195241B (zh) * 2013-04-18 2014-04-02 深圳市广胜达建筑工程有限公司 一种建筑工程早拆支撑装置
DE102015223773A1 (de) * 2015-11-30 2017-06-01 Peri Gmbh Stützenkopf, Deckenstütze und Deckenschalung mit einer solchen Deckenstütze
US10352052B2 (en) * 2016-03-24 2019-07-16 Faresin Building S.P.A. Formwork for performing horizontal castings for the provision of floors
IT201700099585A1 (it) * 2017-09-06 2019-03-06 Faresin Building S P A Dispositivo perfezionato di supporto per travi di sostegno di casseforme per solai
US11225802B2 (en) * 2017-10-12 2022-01-18 George CHARITOU Prop head assembly
IT201800003425A1 (it) * 2018-03-12 2019-09-12 Faresin Formwork S P A "dispositivo perfezionato di supporto, del tipo a testa cadente, per travi di sostegno di casseforme per solai, attrezzatura comprendente tale dispositivo e trave di sostegno da associare al dispositivo"
KR102252215B1 (ko) 2020-10-29 2021-05-13 김경식 슬라브 패널 지지체용 드롭 다운장치
CA3202162A1 (en) * 2020-12-17 2022-06-23 Giacomo DALLA FONTANA Supporting head for providing formwork units for floor slabs, and beam and panel for use with the supporting head

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GB1551100A (en) * 1976-10-07 1979-08-22 Evans & Sons Ltd C Drop-head support assembly
DE2927116A1 (de) * 1979-07-05 1981-01-08 Noe Schaltechnik Gmbh Deckenschalungssystem mit einer absenkkopf-stuetzanordnung
DE3004245C2 (de) * 1980-02-06 1987-01-02 Peri-Werk Artur Schwörer GmbH & Co KG, 7912 Weißenhorn Deckenschalung mit Fallköpfen
DE3024580A1 (de) 1980-06-28 1982-01-21 Maier, Josef, 7611 Steinach Halterung fuer deckenschalelemente
DE3316557C1 (de) * 1983-03-03 1984-10-11 NOE-Schaltechnik GmbH, 7334 Süssen Deckenschalungssystem
DE3721111A1 (de) * 1987-06-26 1989-01-05 Huennebeck Gmbh Stuetze fuer deckenschalungen
FR2676082B1 (fr) * 1991-04-30 1997-08-29 Ricard Coffrages Systeme portant modulaire pour coffrage de dalles, procede et coffrage faisant application d'un tel systeme.
DE4211200C2 (de) * 1992-04-03 2000-01-13 Gerhard Dingler Vorrichtung für eine Deckenschalung
DE4211136C2 (de) * 1992-04-03 1997-04-17 Gerhard Dingler Vorrichtung zur Deckenschalung
DE4237516A1 (de) * 1992-11-06 1994-05-11 Peri Gmbh Deckenschalungsträger

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0685022A1 (de) 1995-12-06
JPH08506637A (ja) 1996-07-16
WO1994019562A1 (de) 1994-09-01
US5614122A (en) 1997-03-25
JP3485569B2 (ja) 2004-01-13
KR960701273A (ko) 1996-02-24
ES2093525T3 (es) 1996-12-16
DE4305302A1 (de) 1994-08-25
DE59400499D1 (de) 1996-09-19
KR100202049B1 (ko) 1999-06-15

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