EP0392969B1 - Antenne de fenêtre avec amplificateur d'antenne - Google Patents

Antenne de fenêtre avec amplificateur d'antenne Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0392969B1
EP0392969B1 EP90710007A EP90710007A EP0392969B1 EP 0392969 B1 EP0392969 B1 EP 0392969B1 EP 90710007 A EP90710007 A EP 90710007A EP 90710007 A EP90710007 A EP 90710007A EP 0392969 B1 EP0392969 B1 EP 0392969B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
terminal
fact
antenna system
conductor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90710007A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0392969A1 (fr
Inventor
Heinz Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lindenmeier
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Flachenecker
Jochen Dr.-Ing. Hopf
Leopold Dr.-Ing. Reiter
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Fuba Hans Kolbe and Co
Original Assignee
Hans Kolbe and Co
Fuba Hans Kolbe and Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Hans Kolbe and Co, Fuba Hans Kolbe and Co filed Critical Hans Kolbe and Co
Publication of EP0392969A1 publication Critical patent/EP0392969A1/fr
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Publication of EP0392969B1 publication Critical patent/EP0392969B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Antennas of this type are known e.g. from EP-A-0 297 328. Such multi-antenna arrangements in a single vehicle window are used to inexpensively build antenna diversity systems, e.g. for the FM frequency range or for the television reception range. Antenna diversity systems of this type require at least two antennas and enable a significant improvement in reception.
  • these antennas should preferably be designed in such a way that they are integrated into the vehicle body, which takes place optimally in the form of a window antenna. Because of the comparatively large opening, the vehicle front window or the vehicle rear window is preferably used for this purpose.
  • Antenna arrangements such as, for example, in EP-A-0 297 328 in FIG. 1 (described in this paragraph with the numbering and nomenclature used there), have the disadvantage, from a vehicle-specific point of view, of having a wire bridge or conductor bridges for each of the antennas Conductor part connection point (5) from the vehicle window (1) to the respective additional network attached to the body (e.g. 8a, 8b and 8c), with each of these additional networks (e.g. 8a, 8b and 8c) generally also having an installation point on the conductive one A body needs, which is often identical to the high-frequency ground connection point (14a, 14b, 14c, and 52) present there.
  • the vehicle manufacturer has the serious disadvantage of a large number of conductor bridges from the pane to the body and a large number of individual components which have to be assembled and connected during manufacture.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to significantly reduce the large number of conductor bridges between the window and the vehicle body and the large number of components to be contacted and optionally attached to the body.
  • the required components in antennas according to the invention can e.g. are applied to the vehicle window in fully automated manufacturing processes, resulting in a complete antenna window, which represents a single component for the vehicle manufacturer, which can be used as a complete unit in the vehicle body and which is only connected via a single multiple connection in the form of a cable harness.
  • Fig.1 Antenna according to the invention with two antennas, the antenna with the designation (a) has a high-frequency output line 10 with conductors 21 and 22 attached to the disc, with which the output signals of the antenna quadrupole 5a are led to the collecting point 11 and lead from the collection point 11 two coaxial lines to the body.
  • Fig.2 Antenna according to the invention with a passive antenna quad and an active antenna quad
  • Image a section; Image b: supervision.
  • Fig. 9 Antenna system with four antennas according to the invention in a vehicle window with a printed heating field with the antenna poles 5a, 5b and 5c and the antenna conductors 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, the antenna conductors 3a, 3b and 3c for one wave range, e.g. for the FM range for antenna diversity, and the antenna conductor 3d for receiving another wave range, e.g. for the LMK waveband.
  • the high-frequency output lines 10a, 10b and 10c printed on the disk are constructed in accordance with the embodiments according to FIGS. 3 and 7. From the collection point 11, three coaxial cables 18 form the cable harness 14.
  • Fig.10 Antenna system with three antennas according to the invention, for example for the same waveband for antenna diversity applications or for different wavebands, in a vehicle window with a printed heating field with the antenna quadripoles 5a, 5b and 5c and Antenna conductors 3a, 3b and 3c. From the collecting point 11, a ribbon cable forms the cable harness 14, with the pseudo ground conductor and signal-carrying conductor always alternating.
  • Fig. 11 Antenna system according to the invention with four antennas and with four high-frequency output lines printed on the disc and a selection circuit 26 mounted on the disc, which e.g. can be designed as a diversity processor.
  • a selection circuit 26 mounted on the disc, which e.g. can be designed as a diversity processor.
  • two coaxial lines, which form the cable harness, lead from the selection circuit 26 to the body 2 and to the receiver 27.
  • Fig. 12 Antenna system similar to Fig. 9. In contrast to Fig. 9, the pseudo outer conductor of the printed high-frequency lines is partly formed by the busbars of the heating field.
  • the antenna four poles 5b and 5c are passive in this example.
  • Fig. 13 Antenna system similar to Fig. 10, but with active quadripoles 5c and 5b.
  • the supply voltage for the antenna amplifier 5b is supplied via the printed pseudo-coaxial line 10b (+ on the pseudo inner conductor, - via the pseudo ground conductor).
  • Antenna quadrupole 5c is supplied with the + voltage via the additionally printed conductor 36 and with the - voltage via the pseudo inner conductor of the printed pseudocoaxial line 10c.
  • Fig. 14 Antenna system according to the invention with four antenna poles 5a to 5d.
  • Fig. 15 Design of the ground point 15 by means of ferrites which are pushed over the cable harness 14 at a distance of approximately 1/4 of the mean operating wavelength from the ground point 15.
  • the non-conductive surface is formed by the pane 1 and the plastic frame 12 surrounding it on all sides.
  • the body 2 in turn surrounds the plastic frame and forms the ground reference for the antenna system.
  • the arrangement of disc 1 in the plastic frame 12 can e.g. the tailgate of a station wagon.
  • the tailgate is then e.g. Connected to the conductive body 2 via hinges, not shown.
  • each of the four-pole antenna 5 must have its own ground connection, which is as short as possible, to the conductive body.
  • the permissible length of these ground connections for antennas according to the prior art is discussed in more detail below.
  • the required possibility of a short ground connection is not given for the antenna quadrupole 5a in FIG. 1, since the tailgate, which is attached to hinges in the upper region, pivots upwards when opened and thus a ground connection from the antenna quadrupole 5a to neighboring parts of the body 2 prevents the flap from opening would.
  • Fig. 14 shows an arrangement according to the invention with four antennas on a non-conductive surface, which in this example is formed by the pane 1, which is built directly into the conductive body 2.
  • the conductive body is in each case in the vicinity of the four-pole antenna attached to the pane.
  • a ground strap from each of the four poles would have to be as short as possible to the body and there conductively connected to the body, or it would have to be, when the antenna four poles are mounted on the body, of each antenna conductor connection on the Washer a connection to the input of the antenna four-pole.
  • Characteristic for antennas according to the invention is the existence of at least one high-frequency output line 10, which is attached to or in the non-conductive area, usually on or in the vehicle window 1, which causes the high-frequency connection between the output connections of the assigned antenna quadrupole 5 and the collecting point 11 .
  • the collecting point 11 for the output signals of the two antenna four-poles 5a and 5b is arranged in one of the upper corners of the vehicle window.
  • the antenna quadrupole 5b is spatially closely adjacent to this collecting point, so that the output connections 8b and 9b coincide with the collecting point 11.
  • the antenna quadrupole 5a is attached in a lower corner.
  • the two conductors 21 and 22 of the high-frequency output line which are closely adjacent to one another are connected to its output connections 8a and 9a. Both conductors together form a waveguide for high-frequency signals.
  • Such a waveguide according to the invention for the high-frequency output line 10 can consist, for example, of a conventional coaxial line or two-wire line, which can then, for example, be glued to the pane or inserted between the two glass panes of a laminated glass pane.
  • a coaxial line it is also possible, with the insulation removed, to solder the coaxial line, for example to a conductor printed on the pane, and thereby fix it mechanically.
  • such technical embodiments are associated with additional manufacturing operations.
  • More cost-effective solutions for the high-frequency output lines 10 can e.g. by conductors printed on the pane, as shown by way of example in FIG. 1. If one of the two conductors (21) is significantly wider than the other conductor (22), then the waveguide is asymmetrical and simulates a coaxial line, ie it represents a pseudo-coaxial line.
  • the broad conductor 21 is therefore referred to below as a pseudo-coaxial line.
  • Outer conductor and the narrow conductor 22 referred to as the pseudo inner conductor.
  • This high-frequency output line 10 is arranged on or in the non-conductive surface to avoid conductor bridges to the body 2.
  • such high-frequency output lines 10, as well as the antenna conductors can be implemented particularly inexpensively and therefore at low cost if they are applied to the vehicle window using conventional printing processes, for example by screen printing.
  • Vehicle windows are often used for other reasons, e.g. for heating fields in vehicle rear windows, printed. Then there is not even an additional process required for printing the antenna conductors and the high-frequency output lines.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of a high-frequency output line which comes very close to a coaxial arrangement.
  • a pseudo ground conductor 21 is arranged adjacent to the pseudo inner conductor 22 on both sides. These conductors can be applied in a first printing process.
  • an insulating layer 23 with sufficiently good high-frequency properties with regard to the overall attenuation for the wave is then applied to this line, and in a further printing process a further conductor layer 21 with the function of a pseudo ground conductor, so that the pseudo inner conductor is enclosed on three sides by the pseudo ground conductor.
  • the resulting one Wave impedance depends strongly on the thickness of the insulating layer 23 and is the lowest in resistance compared to the arrangements according to FIGS. 4 and 3.
  • This technically complex, but electrically very high-quality embodiment of a pseudo-coaxial high-frequency output line 10 has the further advantage that, due to the very high decoupling from the surroundings, there is no increased attenuation if this pseudo-coaxial line, as shown in FIG or is partially covered by an adhesive bead 32 with comparatively poor high-frequency properties.
  • an adhesive bead 32 with comparatively poor high-frequency properties.
  • vehicle windows are now often installed in the body.
  • adhesives with very high electrical conductivity are sometimes used, which result in very high losses at higher frequencies when electrical fields penetrate the adhesive.
  • Pseudo-coaxial lines, as shown in Fig. 5 can therefore also be arranged under the adhesive bead and therefore in the invisible edge area of the pane.
  • Fig. 4 shows a much simpler embodiment in terms of printing technology.
  • This pseudo-coaxial high-frequency output line 10 can be applied in a single printing process and thus much more cost-effectively, but especially in the area of the pseudo inner conductor, it must not come into contact with adhesives with poor high-frequency properties. Therefore, high-frequency output lines, as shown in Fig. 4, must be arranged at a sufficient distance from the adhesive bead on the pane.
  • the resulting wave resistance depends on the thickness of the printed conductors and on the distance 31.
  • the layer thickness is essentially predetermined by the screen printing techniques and can only be varied within small limits, so that essentially the wave resistance is set over the distance 31.
  • Low-impedance wave resistances require small distances 31. Small distances also result in a high concentration of the field lines due to the proximity effect and thus a better decoupling from the environment. In practice, the distance 31 cannot be arbitrary because of the limited edge sharpness and the limited resolution of conductors 21 and 22 printed using screen printing technology be selected small, whereby a value of about 0.5 mm can be specified as the lower realizable and reproducible limit.
  • Typical widths for the pseudo inner conductor 22 are in the range of 1 to 3 mm, typical widths for the pseudo inner conductor 21 are 5 to 20 mm. Technologically, this means that wave resistances between approximately 30 ⁇ and approximately 200 ⁇ can be achieved without major problems. As FIG.
  • the two pseudo-outer conductors should be connected at least at one end of these lines printed in accordance with FIG. If this is only done at one end, the pseudo outer conductor, which is empty at the other end, essentially results in a capacitive shield. If there is a connection at both ends of the line, there is also a shielding effect against magnetic fields.
  • the high-frequency output line is even simpler and consists of only one pseudo inner conductor 22 and one pseudo outer conductor 21.
  • the wave resistances achievable in this arrangement are in the range of approximately 50 to 250 ⁇ .
  • the shielding effect and decoupling from the environment is, of course, still less than with the arrangement according to FIG. 4, but is usually sufficient in practice.
  • FIG. 7 shows an arrangement resulting from FIG. 3 with two high-frequency output lines largely decoupled from one another, which result from the fact that a pseudo inner conductor 22 is arranged on each side of the pseudo ground conductor 21.
  • the extent of the decoupling is greater, the wider the conductor 21 and the smaller the distance 31.
  • Such a conductor arrangement is used for the antenna systems such as e.g. 11 or 14 are used.
  • FIG. 8 shows an arrangement for three high-frequency output lines decoupled from one another to a sufficient extent.
  • Such high-frequency output lines printed on the disk are shown by way of example in FIGS. 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12 and 13.
  • advantageous embodiments for panes with heating fields as are shown in FIGS. 9, 10, 12, 13 and 14, are to be explained here.
  • the busbars of the heating field are not electrically connected to the printed high-frequency output lines.
  • a comparatively wide strip at the edge region of the pane is covered by conductor structures. This area can often be covered by an aperture, making the conductor structures invisible.
  • the pseudo inner conductor for the high-frequency output lines 10b and 10c is arranged outside the pseudo outer conductor.
  • This arrangement can be used particularly well if the pane with rubber seals is installed in the vehicle body, since the overlap between the rubber seal and the pane is comparatively small and the width is precisely defined. If the pane is installed in the vehicle body using an adhesive bead, it must be taken into account whether the adhesive bead is applied directly to the edge of the pane or at some distance from the edge of the pane. In the second case, the arrangement according to FIG. 9 is more favorable; in the first case, an arrangement according to FIG. 10 with pseudo inner conductors lying within the pseudo outer conductors is usually to be preferred. Basically, an overlap of the wide pseudo ground conductor with the adhesive bead is much less critical than an overlap of the pseudo inner conductor.
  • FIGS. 12 and 13 show advantageous embodiments of antennas according to the invention for vehicle windows with heating fields 35, in which the pseudo-outer conductors of the high-frequency output lines 10 simultaneously form the busbars 34 for the heating field 35.
  • the two antenna poles 5c and 5b are passive and therefore do not require any supply voltages.
  • the antenna four poles 5b and 5c are active and therefore each require supply voltages.
  • the heating currents are supplied via the pseudo outer conductors of the high-frequency output lines 10 and via two conductors, which are also part of the cable harness 14, to which the positive and negative voltages for operating the heating field are supplied at the terminals 30a and 30b.
  • the two pseudo-outer conductors of the high-frequency output lines 10 are connected to one another at high frequency by the capacitor 33.
  • the antenna quadrupole 5a is provided for two wavebands, e.g. for the reception of the LMK waveband with the antenna conductor structure 3d and for the reception of the FM waveband with the antenna conductor structure 3a and therefore only one high-frequency output line 10a is required.
  • Sufficient sensitivity values can only be achieved as an active antenna, especially for the LMK waveband.
  • the antenna quadrupole 5a is therefore in practice designed to be active at least for the LMK branch and therefore requires a supply voltage, which in the examples of FIGS. 12 and 13 via the pseudo inner conductor of the high-frequency output line 10a + voltage) and via the additional conductor 37 takes place via which the voltage is supplied.
  • This additional conductor 37 can, as shown in FIG. 13, be designed as a component of the high-frequency output line 10a, d or be designed in such a way that the influence of radio-frequency is largely ineffective.
  • the + voltage for the active antenna quadrupole 5b is supplied via the pseudo inner conductor of the high-frequency output line 10b and the voltage is supplied via the pseudo outer conductor of the high-frequency output line 10b. Since the pseudo outer conductor of the high-frequency output line 10c carries a positive DC voltage when the heating field is switched on and the voltage when the heating is switched off, the active antenna quadrupole 5c cannot be supplied with the voltage via it. In the example in FIG. 13, it receives this via a separate conductor 36 from the antenna quadrupole 5b via the terminals 29b and 29c and the + voltage via the pseudo inner conductor of the high-frequency output line 10c.
  • the separate conductor 36 should preferably be designed so that it is as ineffective as possible in terms of radio frequency. Is if this is not possible, it is part of the antenna system and must be taken into account in the same way as the other conductors of the non-conductive surface.
  • FIG. 6a section and b (top view) shows an embodiment according to the invention for a high-frequency output line 10, as can be implemented in a laminated glass pane.
  • the pseudo ground conductor 21 is between the two individual panes 1a and 1b of the laminated glass pane 1, e.g. in the form of a thin sheet.
  • the contacting e.g. with the output terminal 9 of an antenna quadrupole 5 can then advantageously be achieved in that, as shown in FIG. 6, a connecting lug 24 is guided laterally out of the pane and connected on the outside of the pane.
  • the pseudo inner conductor 22 is printed in Figure 6 on the outside of the disc, so that there is an arrangement, as is known in principle from strip lines.
  • antenna conductors are usually inserted between the two panes 1a and 1b. With correspondingly flat antenna quadripoles 5, it is then possible to arrange the antenna conductor, antenna quadripole 5 and high-frequency output line 10 between the two disks.
  • antenna conductor, antenna quadripole 5 and high-frequency output line 10 between the two disks.
  • Such an arrangement has the disadvantage that, for example, if the antenna quadrupole 5 is defective, it is no longer accessible and therefore cannot be replaced. Such arrangements are therefore essentially restricted to passive antenna four-poles with as few components as possible.
  • the antenna quadrupole can optionally be formed by a direct connection between the input connection 6 and the output connection 8, if the desired adaptation ratios are achieved by appropriate selection of the configuration of the antenna conductor 3 and the type and routing of the output line 10 and the cable harness 14 up to the ground point 15 can be achieved.
  • the point of view of what adaptation ratios are desired for such passive antennas according to the invention is discussed in more detail below.
  • Active antenna four-poles are preferably arranged on the surface of the pane because of their accessibility and interchangeability.
  • the high-frequency connection between an antenna conductor 3 arranged between the two individual panes of the laminated glass pane and also between the two individual panes of the laminated glass pane arranged antenna conductor connection 4 and the input connection 6 of the antenna quadrupole 5 can then take place in a known manner by means of a capacitive coupling through the separating single pane, by area opposite conductor structures are used, which together with the dielectric constant of the glass result in a sufficiently high capacitance.
  • the high frequency output line 10 can then preferably e.g. can be realized in the embodiment shown in FIG. 6 or printed onto the outer pane (according to FIG. 3 or FIG. 4).
  • the high-frequency output line formed from the conductors 21 and 22 leads in FIG. 1 to the collecting point 11, to which the high-frequency lines of the cable harness, in the example in FIG. 1, the two coaxial lines 18a and 18b, are connected.
  • This cable harness leads from the non-conductive surface to the body 2. If the non-conductive surface forms the tailgate of a vehicle, the cable harness is advantageously integrated via the cable guides provided for other electrical lines and usually attached in the vicinity of the hinges.
  • Antennas according to the prior art can therefore only be realized if the conductive body with a possible ground point is present in the immediate vicinity of the respective antenna quadripole 5.
  • the antenna shapes and the mounting points of the antenna four-pole 5 must be selected taking into account restrictive vehicle-specific aspects, since the required close ground point is only available at a few points. Frequently, therefore, antenna shapes cannot be realized despite the generally good performance of the antenna conductors.
  • the possibility of the ground point for each antenna quadrupole must be given in this way.
  • the antenna structures and antenna poles cannot be spatially concentrated in a narrow area of the vehicle window in order to achieve the most different possible behavior with regard to the temporal occurrence of interference with the individual antennas, but must be distributed over the vehicle window in order to to achieve good diversity effect.
  • the possible improvement in reception due to antenna diversity increases with the number of antennas made available to the diversity system. Therefore, there is a desire for as large a number of inexpensive vehicle antennas as possible.
  • antennas according to the invention since the antenna four poles 5 of the antenna system have only a single and common ground connection to the conductive body 2 at the ground point 15 and high-frequency connections between the antenna four poles 5 and the collecting point 11 are made by coaxial lines or pseudo-coaxial lines applied to the pane or placed between the two panes of a laminated glass pane. Since the cable harness from the collection point 11 to the body from coaxial cables or from itself pseudo-coaxial cables behaving in an electrically similar manner, there is the advantage for antennas according to the invention that there is no impermissible coupling between the signals of the individual antennas. Likewise, there is no interference coupling from other conductors routed in parallel, for example from the conductors that supply the heating currents to the heating field.
  • the common ground point 15 of the antenna system is at least for one of the antennas at a “radio frequency non-negligible distance” from the output connections of the antenna quadrupole 5.
  • "High frequency not negligible” in this context means that this active four-pole 5 is not connected to the ground point 15 via a low-frequency connection in the usual sense of high frequency.
  • the antenna quadrupole 5a is spaced from the antenna quadrupole 5b, so that a high-frequency output line with the conductors 21 and 22 is required to bridge this distance, which in the example of Fig.1 is printed on the disc 1.
  • the distance between the output connections 8a and 9a of the antenna quadrupole 5a to the collection point 11 and to the ground point 15 is so long that a length which is not negligible in terms of radio frequency is necessarily obtained.
  • ground connection is in principle made as low-resistance as possible, that is to say with little inductance. If possible, flat surfaces are used in automotive engineering metallic parts screwed onto the body, which at the same time create the almost ideal earth connection and mechanically fix the component. If this is not possible, the shortest possible conductors in the form of a braid, so-called ground straps, are used for the ground connection. The aim of these measures is to make the voltage that arises along the ground connection negligible due to a current flowing on the surface.
  • the antenna impedance feeding the amplifier is therefore formed exclusively by the antenna conductor in combination with the body surrounding the window pane, with a ground reference which is given by the ground connection of the amplifier. If, as is usually the case with antennas according to the invention, the impedance of this ground connection is not negligibly low-resistance, there is a non-negligible change in the impedance of the passive part of the antenna. In terms of radio frequency, their impedance is in series with the impedance of the antenna conductor, which would result from an ideally low-resistance grounding point, and changes this accordingly.
  • the permissible impedance of the ground connection for antennas therefore depends on the impedance of the antenna conductor at an ideally low-resistance grounding point. The lower the impedance, the higher the requirements for the low impedance of the ground connection.
  • Antennas are often designed for wider frequency bands. This applies almost without exception to active receiving antennas with which broadband, for example, the FM waveband, the LMK waveband or the wavebands of television VHF and UHF are to be received. Even antenna structures that are inherently high-impedance, such as lambda / 2 long conductor configurations that ultimately run empty, do not have this high-impedance in larger frequency ranges. For broadband antennas, the lowest impedance values occurring in the band are therefore to be used for determining the permissible impedance of the ground connection for antennas according to the prior art.
  • connection 4 is in each case directly connected to the input connection 6 of the antenna quadrupole 5.
  • the high-frequency connections from the output connections 8 and 9 of the antenna four-pole 5 to the collecting point 11 and in the following as high-frequency lines (18a and 18b in FIG. 1) as part of the cable harness 14 in the section up to the ground point 15 are part of the passive in antennas according to the invention Part of the antenna, since in addition to the push-pull currents of the high-frequency output signals of the antenna four-pole 5, they generally also carry common-mode currents which flow to the body 2 at the ground point 15.
  • the High-frequency lines 18 of the cable harness coaxial cables which are routed in parallel at a short distance, for example by being held together by a common insulating tube, the high-frequency capacitive coupling of these coaxial cables is high and, as shown in FIG. 1, only one of them is sufficient Connect outer sheaths to the ground at high frequency.
  • the high-frequency lines of the cable harness are formed by a ribbon cable with alternating pseudo-outer conductors and pseudo-inner conductors, this high coupling between the individual pseudo-outer conductors is only given to a lesser extent and it is recommended that To connect pseudo-outer conductors at the ground point 15 to each other at a high frequency or by a galvanic connection to one another and together at a high frequency to the ground connection.
  • the ground point 15 is a high-frequency, low-impedance connection point on the conductive body 2, the position of which is selected from a vehicle-specific point of view.
  • the one closest to the collection point on the non-conductive surface will usually be preferred. This results from the fact that the high-frequency lines between the four-pole antenna and ground point 15 are part of the antenna and are therefore to be laid in a defined manner, which is generally easier to achieve with shorter lengths. Special aspects of a simpler laying of the cable harness 14 from vehicle-specific aspects or aspects of the antenna function can, however, also suggest the choice of a more distant ground point 15.
  • antennas according to the invention in the area of the ground point 15, it can be useful for antennas according to the invention, as shown in FIG. 10, from vehicle-specific points of view to provide an interface with a change in the line type, for example from a flat ribbon cable to a coaxial line (25a to 25c).
  • Advantages for such an arrangement result particularly from the fact that multiple plug connections, as are known from ribbon cables from computer technology, can be used for contacting on the disk.
  • Fig.10 such a multiple connector would be, for example To be provided in the area of the collection point 11 at which the cable harness 14 goes off.
  • lines are combined which have the same wave resistance as possible.
  • the same line type e.g. preferably thin flexible coaxial lines, between the collection point and the earth point and keep in the further course.
  • the feeding impedance 20 which is essential for the adaptation of the respective four-way antenna 5 lies between the input connections 7 and 6 of the four-way antenna.
  • This impedance can be measured in a known manner with impedance measuring devices with the aid of the high-frequency output lines, the measuring plane of which is connected to the connections 7 and 6 and the connections 8 and 6 are directly connected when the four-pole connector is removed.
  • both this impedance feeding the respective antenna quadrupole as well as the excitation and thus also the signal power that can be coupled out depend both on the geometry and position of the antenna conductor 3 and on the arrangement of the high-frequency output lines 10 arranged on or in the disk, on the length and routing of the Collection point 11 to the high-frequency lines 18 leading to the ground point 15 and from the position of the ground point 15 on the body 2.
  • the antenna quadrupole can be implemented passively or actively, whereby, when using the principle of the active antenna, there is a clear advantage that the signal-to-noise ratio achieved is significantly higher than that of passive antennas.
  • active antennas there are further advantages of active antennas in that, owing to the small number of antennas Retroactive effect of modern active components results only in a negligible influence on the antenna four-pole input by connecting the antenna four-pole output. Load changes at the antenna quadrupole output, such as arise when switching between the individual antennas of an antenna diversity system, have no effect on the antenna structures themselves, in contrast to passive antenna quadrupoles.
  • the antenna quadrupole 5b is active and, in addition to the active assembly 17, may have upstream, low-loss transformation elements 16 which, in combination with the configuration of the antenna conductor 3b and the high-frequency output lines 10b and output lines 18b up to the ground point 15, have matching ratios at the input connections 6b and 7b of the antenna four-pole 5b, which lead to good signal-to-noise properties in the useful frequency waveband with respect to the output terminals 8b and 9b of the active four-pole 5b.
  • the objective is preferably to achieve suitable matching conditions with regard to the receiver input.
  • Suitable adaptation ratios can e.g. Be impedance curves that come close to a power match or come close to a noise match.
  • the power adjustment at the receiver input (load impedance of the receiver input equal to the impedance of the high-frequency lines) is then synonymous with (a corresponding low-reflection adjustment between the output connections 8a and 9a of the antenna quadrupole 5a and the associated high-frequency output line 10).
  • the impedance 19 must then be in an impedance range that does not deviate from the characteristic impedance of the high-frequency output line 10a by means of a suitable design of the antenna conductor 3a, the high-frequency output line 10a and the output lines 18a up to the ground point 15 and the transformation circuits 16 made of low-loss blind elements in the antenna quadrupole 5a To be able to carry out transformation circuits 16 as simply as possible.
  • the antennas of antenna systems according to the invention can only be designed for the same frequency range, e.g. for the reception of FM radio for antenna diversity systems.
  • antenna systems according to the invention can also each have one or more antennas for different wavebands, e.g. a single antenna for the reception of the LMK waveband as well as 1, 2 or more antennas for the reception of the FM waveband and 1, 2 or more antennas for the reception of the television ranges VHF and / or UHF.
  • an antenna conductor 3 can only be used simultaneously for a single frequency range or for several frequency ranges.
  • a typical advantageous application of antenna arrangements according to the invention are antenna diversity systems, for which a selection circuit 26 in the form of a diversity processor is required, which switches one of the signals to the receiver 27 from the output signals of the available antenna four-pole 5.
  • a further connection from the radio to the diversity processor is required between the receiver 27 and the selection circuit 26 designed as a diversity processor.
  • This further connection can e.g. be a coaxial connection via which the current intermediate frequency signal is led from the receiver 27 to the diversity processor in order to derive the signals which cause a transfer to an undisturbed antenna. If essentially only high-frequency switches are present in the selection circuit 26, this connection can also be implemented in the form of a digital control line, which initiates the transfer to an undisturbed antenna.
  • the selection circuit 26 will be installed in the area of the body, as shown in FIG. 9, and a separate high-frequency line will lead from each of the antenna four-poles 5 to the selection circuit 26.
  • the cable harness 14 then consists of 3 coaxial lines 18.
  • the cable harness is formed from only two high-frequency lines (in the example of FIG. 11 two coaxial lines) or from only one high-frequency line and a digital control line if the selection circuit 26 is arranged on the non-conductive surface, as shown in FIG. 11.
  • the outer conductor of the high-frequency connecting cable between the selection circuit and the receiver 27 is connected at a suitable point to the ground point 15 in a high-frequency conductive manner. 11 is identical to the inputs of the selection circuit 26.
  • This high-frequency conductive connection is usually made, for example, of the outer conductor of the coaxial line 18 or the pseudo outer conductor of a ribbon cable with the ground point 15 by means of a short galvanic connection, for example by screwing onto the metallic body.
  • the high-frequency, low-impedance connection at ground point 15 can, however, also be achieved by ferrites 38, which are pushed over output line 18 in a region beyond ground point 15 from the perspective of the antenna four-pole, as shown in FIG. 15.
  • the ferrites are intended to effect a throttling for common mode currents on the output line, which preferably has a high-impedance broadband effect.
  • this results in an idle in the area of the ferrites 38 for a line arrangement 39, which consists of the outer conductors e.g. the coaxial lines 18 of the cable harness 14, on the one hand, and from the conductive environment, which essentially consists of the body 2, on the other.
  • a similar effect results with two-wire lines.
  • the impedance within a useful band at the mass point 15 is the lower, the higher the impedance of the choking by the ferrites and the lower the characteristic impedance of the line arrangement 39.
  • the high impedance of the choke is achieved by a suitable selection of the ferrite material.
  • the characteristic impedance of the line arrangement 39 is therefore preferably as low-impedance as possible, e.g. in that the output lines 18 of the cable harness 14 are guided in the area between the ground point 15 and the area with the ferrites at a short distance on the conductive surface of the body 2.
  • the outer jacket of these output lines 18 is galvanically connected to the ground point 15. For this it is necessary to cut open the insulation of at least one of the cables 18 at this point. This is undesirable in some cases.
  • This separation can be advantageous in antennas according to the invention of the insulation can be avoided if a further conductor 40, preferably a ground strap of suitable cross-section, is carried parallel to the cable harness 14 and performs the same function.
  • This conductor 40 is connected at one end to the outer conductors or pseudo-outer conductors at the collection point 11 and at its other end to the ground point 15 at low frequency with a high frequency.
  • the so u.a. with the conductor 40 formed wire harness 14 is preferably surrounded by further insulation. This results in a defined capacitive and low-resistance coupling between the conductor 40 and the outer jacket of the coaxial output lines 18 with an electrically similar behavior.

Landscapes

  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)

Claims (23)

  1. Un système de réception dont la gamme d'utilité s'étend jusqu'à la bande d'UHF constitué au moins par deux antennes intégrées dans une surface non-conductrice installé dans une carrosserie métallique les conducteurs aériens étant disposés à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur de la dite surface avec des bornes de connexion ainsi que des réseaux d'antennes quadripôles dont chacun pourvu d'une première paire d'entrée et sortie caractérisé du fait que
    les réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) sont installés au-dessus, à l'intérieur ou en proximité de la surface non-conductrice (13) faisant partie d'une carrosserie d'automobile métallique. La borne (4) d'un conducteur aérien (3) est branché sur la première borne d'entrée (6) du réseau d'antenne quadripôle (5) par la voie la plus courte possible, la deuxième borne d'entrée (7) du réseau d'antenne quadripôle (5) étant liée par la voie la plus courte possible à la deuxième sortie (9) du réseau d'antenne quadripôle (5). De plus, il y a au moins une ligne de sortie HF (10) installée au-dessus ou à l'intérieur de la surface non-conductrice (13) liée aux bornes de sortie première et seconde (8 et 9) de l'un des réseaux quadripôles d'antenne (5). A un certain point de la surface non-conductrice (13) se trouve une borne collectrice (11) qui rassemble les signaux de sortie des réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) de laquelle part un câble multifilaire conduisant les signaux de sortie des réseaux d'antenne quadripôles ou les signaux dérivés de ceux derniers au point de mise à terre (15) sur la carrosserie (2).
  2. Système d'antenne selon la revendication No. 1 caractérisé du fait que
    le point de mise à terre (15) et localisé en proximité du câble multifilaire (14) dont l'un ou plusieurs des conducteurs sont adaptés à basse impédance vers le point de mise à terre (15).
  3. Système d'antenne selon la revendication No. 2 caractérisé du fait que
    les réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) ne comprennent que des éléments passifs de réactance à faible perte (16) utilisant des réactances convenables sur les sorties (8 et 9) des réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) de façon à assurer une caractéristique d'impédance favorable relative à l'entrée du récepteur de radio dans la bande utile.
  4. Système d'antenne selon la revendication No. 2 caractérisé du fait que
    les réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) aussi comprennent des circuits actifs (17) qui rendent un certain chiffre de gain intrinsèque, des conducteurs aériens (3) et en certains cas des éléments de réactance à faible perte (16) en circuit entre la borne terminale (4) du conducteur aérien et le circuit actif (17) configurés d'une telle façon à produire une adaptation d'impédance susceptible d'assurer un rapport signal a bruit favorable vers la sortie des réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5).
  5. System d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 4, caractérisé du fait que
    la surface non-conductrice est constituée par un verre d'automobile (1) et d'un bordement en matière synthétique qui encadre le dite verre partielle ou entièrement.
  6. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 4, caractérisé du fait que
    la surface non-conductrice (13) consiste à un verre d'automobile (1) insérée dans la carrosserie (2) d'une voiture.
  7. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 6, caractérisé du fait que
    les conducteurs aériens (3), les bornes des conducteurs aériens (4), les réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5), les lignes de sortie HF (10) et la borne collectrice (11) sont tous installés au-dessus du verre d'automobile.
  8. Système d'antenne selon la revendication No. 7 caractérisé du fait que
    la ligne de sortie HF (10) est imprimée sur le verre d'automobile (1), par exemple à l'aide d'un processus de sérigraphie.
  9. Système d'antenne selon la revendication No. 8 caractérisé du fait que
    le verre d'automobile (1) est imprimée d'un réseau de chauffage (35) avec des barres collectrices (34), les conducteurs (21 et 22) de la ligne de sortie imprimée étant disposés entre les barres collectrices (34) et le bordement du verre d'une telle façon que la ligne de sortie soit galvaniquement isolée des barres collectrices.
  10. Système d'antenne selon la revendication No. 8 caractérisé du fait que
    le verre d'automobile (1) est imprimée d'un réseau de chauffage non-divisé (35) avec des barres collectrices (34), l'une de ces barres collectrices (34) servant en même temps de deuxième conducteur (21) de la ligne HF de sortie imprimée.
  11. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 4 à 10, caractérisé du fait que
    les réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) aussi comprennent des éléments actifs recevant leur énergie de travail de courant continu par la ligne de sortie HF (10) et les lignes HF (18).
  12. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 4 à 10, caractérisé du fait que
    les réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) aussi comprennent des éléments actifs recevant leur énergie de travail de courant continu par des conduites d'énergie complémentaires aux conducteurs de la ligne de sortie HF (10) et à la ligne HF (18) faisant partie du câble multifilaire (14).
  13. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 6, caractérisé du faitque
    le verre d'automobile est un verre feuilleté et qu'au moins l'un des réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) est installé à l'extérieur du verre (1) tandis que son conducteur aérien (3) est compris entre les deux feuilles du verre composé (1) la liaison électrique entre la borne d'entrée (6) du réseau d'antenne quadripôle (5) et la borne (4) du conducteur aérien (3) étant effectuée par des moyens capacitives passant par le verre.
  14. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 13, caractérisé du fait que
    toutes les antennes du système travaillent à la même bande de fréquences.
  15. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 13, caractérisé du fait que
    les antennes du système sont appropriées a recevoir des bandes utiles différentes.
  16. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 13, caractérisé du fait que
    chacun des réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) est pourvu de sa propre ligne HF (18) conduisant de la borne collectrice (11) vers la carrosserie (2), faisant partie du câble multifilaire (14).
  17. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 15, caractérisé du fait que
    le verre d'automobile (1) est équipé d'un circuit de sélectivité (26), par exemple un processeur de diversité, que recueille les signaux des réseaux d'antenne quadripôles (5) arrivant à la borne collectrice (11) et que de ce processeur les signaux sont conduits vers le poste de radio installé sur la carrosserie (2).
  18. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 17, caractérisé du fait que
    les conducteurs HF du câble multifilaire (14) sont de minces câbles coaxiaux.
  19. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 17, caractérisé du fait que
    les conducteurs HF du câble multifilaire (14) sont de minces câbles bifilaires.
  20. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 17, caractérisé du fait que
    les lignes HF du câble multifilaire (14) constituent une ligne pseudo-coaxiale ayant un conducteur pseudo-intérieur imprimé et un conducteur pseudo-extérieur imprimé.
  21. Système d'antenne selon la revendication No. 20 caractérisé du fait qu'au
    moins un conducteur pseudo-extérieur est intercalé entre deux conducteurs pseudo-intérieurs.
  22. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 21, caractérisé du fait que
    la liaison HF faible perte au point de mise à terre (15) sur la carrosserie métallique (2) est une liaison galvanique, par exemple à l'aide d'une vis dans le tôle de la carrosserie.
  23. Système d'antenne selon les revendications No. 1 à 21, caractérisé du fait que
    la liaison HF faible perte au point de mise à terre (15) sur la carrosserie métallique (2) est effectuée à l'aide de noyaux de ferrite (38) enfilés sur le câble multifilaire (14) à l'autre côté du point de mise à terre (15), la longueur du câble entre le point de mise à terre (15) et les ferrietes (38) étant un quart de longueur d'onde environ et le câble étant installé en proximité du tôle dela carrosserie (2) (Fig. 15).
EP90710007A 1989-04-06 1990-03-21 Antenne de fenêtre avec amplificateur d'antenne Expired - Lifetime EP0392969B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3911178A DE3911178A1 (de) 1989-04-06 1989-04-06 Scheibenantennensystem mit antennenverstaerker
DE3911178 1989-04-06

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EP0392969A1 EP0392969A1 (fr) 1990-10-17
EP0392969B1 true EP0392969B1 (fr) 1993-12-22

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EP (1) EP0392969B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3911178A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2048475T3 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3911178C2 (fr) 1992-02-13
ES2048475T3 (es) 1994-03-16
DE59003925D1 (de) 1994-02-03
EP0392969A1 (fr) 1990-10-17
DE3911178A1 (de) 1990-10-11
US5049892A (en) 1991-09-17

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