EP0244674B1 - Flüssigkeitspackung, Herstellung derselben und Kunststoffbahn zur Herstellung der Flüssigkeitspackung - Google Patents

Flüssigkeitspackung, Herstellung derselben und Kunststoffbahn zur Herstellung der Flüssigkeitspackung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0244674B1
EP0244674B1 EP87105546A EP87105546A EP0244674B1 EP 0244674 B1 EP0244674 B1 EP 0244674B1 EP 87105546 A EP87105546 A EP 87105546A EP 87105546 A EP87105546 A EP 87105546A EP 0244674 B1 EP0244674 B1 EP 0244674B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strip
layer
opening
pack
opening strip
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87105546A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0244674A3 (en
EP0244674A2 (de
Inventor
Hans Dr. Rausing
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Tetra Pak AB
Original Assignee
Tetra Pak AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Tetra Pak AB filed Critical Tetra Pak AB
Priority to AT87105546T priority Critical patent/ATE77798T1/de
Publication of EP0244674A2 publication Critical patent/EP0244674A2/de
Publication of EP0244674A3 publication Critical patent/EP0244674A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0244674B1 publication Critical patent/EP0244674B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • B65D77/22—Details
    • B65D77/30—Opening or contents-removing devices added or incorporated during filling or closing of containers
    • B65D77/32—Tearing-strings or like flexible elements
    • B65D77/34—Tearing-strings or like flexible elements enclosed in a mouth seal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D5/00—Rigid or semi-rigid containers of polygonal cross-section, e.g. boxes, cartons or trays, formed by folding or erecting one or more blanks made of paper
    • B65D5/42—Details of containers or of foldable or erectable container blanks
    • B65D5/72—Contents-dispensing means
    • B65D5/74—Spouts
    • B65D5/741—Spouts for containers having a tubular body
    • B65D5/742—Spouts formed by deforming or tearing the closure flaps or severed or incised parts of the closure flaps
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/91—Product with molecular orientation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
    • Y10T428/31797—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pack for liquids made of plastic-coated cardboard carrier material, with a longitudinal weld seam and at least one transverse weld seam lying in a double cardboard strip on the top of the pack, in which an opening device is arranged in the form of a double-layered, one-sided sealed opening strip, the outer sides of which are arranged with are connected to the inside of the double cardboard strip and which consists of a laminated plastic, one layer of which is aligned in the longitudinal direction.
  • liquid packs made of plastic, paper, cardboard or the like are known, for example in parallelepiped form.
  • the usual parallelepipedic liquid pack has at least in the upper area on opposite sides two triangular lobes, and the double cardboard strip mentioned at the beginning extends in this known pack from the tip of one triangular tab to the tip of the opposite other triangular tab.
  • An opening device known from DE-A-27 47352 consists of part of a hose made of laminated plastic, the axis of the hose part running parallel to the longitudinal weld seam and consequently transverse to the transverse weld seam.
  • one layer is oriented or oriented in the tear direction, and on this layer, where the connection with the double cardboard strip must be made, a more sealable plastic layer is laminated on.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of creating a pack for liquids of the type specified at the outset, the production of which from a hose enables the end user to understand the tearing action with a simple and inexpensive to produce opening device with good hygiene properties.
  • the opening strip is U-shaped in cross section and is arranged such that the free ends of the legs are directed towards the inside of the package, the legs of the U only at the beginning and end of the opening strip to an initial and an end sealing area are welded together, the initial sealing area with a first part constitutes a gripping tab protruding from the double cardboard strip and is sealed with a second part in the area of the intersecting longitudinal and transverse weld seam in the double cardboard strip and that the end sealing area in the pouring area of the opening device in the double cardboard strip is sealed.
  • the novel design and arrangement of the opening strip according to the invention advantageously eliminates the formation of pockets which are accessible from the outside and in which contaminants can collect.
  • the initial seal area gets its name because the end user starts the tearing process here. Only part of this area forms the gripping tab, the other second part forms the front closure, while the end sealing area forms the rear closure of the opening strip with the double cardboard strip. Above, i.e. to the outside, the opening strip - via its connecting web - is closed.
  • the end sealing area does not have to be arranged exactly at the tip of the pouring end, i.e. in the tip of the doubled triangular flap of a parallelepipedic pack; if desired, the opening strip with the end sealing area can be folded over beyond the point of the pouring tip so that it is still in the pouring area remains.
  • the opening strip can thereby be made shorter or longer, and the attachment and fixing of the opening strip to the material web can be influenced, for example, by reinforcing it by larger areas.
  • the invention is expediently further developed in that, on the gripping flap, starting from the lower free leg ends and extending obliquely upward into the initial sealing region, a tear-open slot penetrates the opening strip almost completely.
  • This tear-open slot facilitates the opening process because the starting tear point is controlled by this slot to be placed in the correct position in the opening strip or the tear-open begins at the correct point near the upper connecting web.
  • the end of the tear-open slot is provided near the upper connecting web of the two legs of the opening strip.
  • the connecting web of the opening strip is arranged within the outer contour of the double cardboard strip, the liquid pack can be produced particularly well from a hose, because the filled web in the filling machine is then always cut outside the opening strip, directly outside of it.
  • the dividing line between two packs in succession within the tube is thus directly outside the opening strip, so that it remains closed and the pack can nevertheless be separated.
  • the respective end of the two packs to be separated from one another is sealed on both sides in addition to the cutting line, and the arrangement of the opening strip and its sealing on the material web must be based on the position of the respective transverse sealing seam that no leaks are to be feared.
  • the initial sealing area extends over the entire width of the opening strip. The welding area of the opening strip thus extends beyond the longitudinal sealing seam into the interior of the package, which ensures that no liquid can escape from the interior of the package, even if the tear-open slot is provided.
  • two weakening lines run at a distance from one tear strip from one another in the region of the connecting web of the opening strip along the same. This measure specifies a preferred direction of tearing, by means of which the tearing is steered in the correct paths without the end user's intervention.
  • These lines of weakness can be thinned areas or the like, of course real perforation is not possible because the lines of weakness must remain liquid-tight.
  • the end seal area can also be welded in close proximity to the pouring tip of the opening device, and the opening strip can extend from the gripping flap next to the longitudinal sealing seam to the pouring tip. It has been shown that it is generally sufficient to save material if the opening strip is made just as long as the opening for the pouring. Alternative ways to lay around of the opening strip around the pouring tip have been explained above.
  • a second, better heat-sealable plastic layer than the first layer is applied to the surface of a first plastic layer aligned in the longitudinal direction of the opening strip, and a third, also better heat-sealable plastic layer than the first layer is applied to the other, opposite surface of the first layer, and if the sealability temperature of the second layer is lower than that of the third layer.
  • a plastic structure favors the sealing of the opening strip to the respective inner surface of the double cardboard strip, without the legs of the opening strip being sealed to themselves or to one another on the inside. In other words, the package would not be able to be opened by tearing up the upper connecting web, as intended, if the opening strip was completely closed further down.
  • the material combination of the individual plastic layers completely eliminates such problems.
  • the package with the features mentioned above is also to be characterized in that the first layer consists of polyester stretched in the longitudinal direction of the opening strip, the second layer consists of a thermoplastic ionomer resin based on crosslinked ethylene copolymers and the third layer consists of PETG.
  • the first layer consists of polyester stretched in the longitudinal direction of the opening strip
  • the second layer consists of a thermoplastic ionomer resin based on crosslinked ethylene copolymers
  • the third layer consists of PETG.
  • cyclohexane-modified polyester can be used. It has been shown that even when such a material is stretched, it does not become crystalline and thus retains its heat sealability.
  • the opening strip according to the invention can be produced particularly well and easily and can be connected to the packaging in an expedient manner.
  • the register-correct attachment of the opening strip thus prepared to the inside of the packaging web is not technically difficult, not even with the condition that the gripping tab projects beyond the cutting edge of the web transversely to the latter.
  • the longitudinal direction of the opening strip is therefore transverse to the cutting edge or to the later longitudinal sealing seam. If the material web thus provided with the opening strip is then formed into a tube and closed via the longitudinal weld seam, the gripping tab protrudes from this longitudinal weld seam.
  • the usual steps for creating the pack are known per se.
  • a tear-open slot is introduced into the initial sealing area.
  • the position and arrangement of this tear-open slot has already been written above.
  • it is particularly expedient according to the invention if, on the gripping tab, starting from the lower free leg ends and extending obliquely upward into the initial sealing area, a tear slit is made which almost completely penetrates the opening strip. In doing so, she repeats that the tear-open slot can be introduced both before the opening strip is folded twice and after it has been folded, but before it is welded onto itself or afterwards.
  • “Sealability temperature” is understood here to mean the temperature at which the material is or becomes seal
  • the so-called second layer with the lower sealability temperature than the third layer must come to lie on the outside of the double-folded, finished opening strip.
  • the purpose of the arrangement of the second layer on the outside of the opening strip is that when the individual packs and individual pieces are welded together, care is taken that the opening strip made of plastic adheres to the double cardboard strip in a liquid-tight manner, but that the opening strip itself extends over the largest area of its area is open at the bottom towards the inside of the pack and only remains closed by its upper connecting web.
  • the purpose of this measure is that the package can only be opened because the opening takes place only by tearing off the upper connecting web.
  • the first layer consists of polyester stretched in the longitudinal direction of the opening strip
  • the second layer consists of a thermoplastic ionomer resin based on crosslinked ethylene copolymers
  • the third layer consists of PETG.
  • PETG has already been mentioned.
  • the aforementioned thermoplastic ionomer resin is sold under the trademark "SURLYN" by Du Pont.
  • SURLYN is a transparent plastic that is resistant to oils and fats for the packaging industry and is easy to weld.
  • FIG. 7 schematically show the closed or open liquid pack made of cardboard carrier material coated with plastic, with the longitudinal weld seam 1 and the double cardboard strip 2 with the individual walls 2 'and 2 ", in which the transverse weld seam 3 (FIG. 7) is arranged 7 shows the broken-off part of the material web 4 (the material is the cardboard coated on both sides with plastic), in which the dividing cut line 5 is shown inside the tube between two successive packs, which is why you can see at approximately the same distance from the dividing line 5 a further cross weld 3 ', which belongs to the bottom side of the next pack.
  • the opening device is generally designated 6, which only after the opening process according to Figure 2 is still partially present and consists of a double-sided, one-sided sealing opening strip 7, which is shown in broken lines in FIGS. 1 and 5, but is also at least partially shown in FIGS. 3, 4 and 6 to 8. This opening strip 7 is therefore explained in detail.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 It is made from a plastic sheet 8 (FIGS. 9 and 10) and folded in a U-shape, as can be clearly seen from FIGS. 3, 4 and 8.
  • the U is open at the bottom, i.e. towards the inside of the packaging.
  • the upper connecting web 9 is the liquid-tight seal which connects the two legs 10, 10 'to one another. In the embodiment of FIG. 4, it is separated from the legs 10, 10 'by lines of weakness 11.
  • the opening strip 7 is connected on its outer sides along the sealing seams 3a and 3b to the inner sides of the double cardboard strip 2.
  • the opening strip 7 (seen in the direction of tearing) is welded to itself at the beginning and end, i.e. flat on its inner sides, whereby an initial sealing area 12 and an end sealing area 13 are formed.
  • first part 14 which forms the gripping tab, which is shown clearly protruding in several drawings.
  • the opening strip 7 is at the same time fastened in the longitudinal weld 1, in particular at the point 16 (FIG. 7) where the longitudinal weld 1 and the transverse weld 3 intersect.
  • the tear-open slot 17 which extends from the outside in front from the point 18 (FIG. 8) upwards to the end 19 near the upper connecting web 9. It penetrates the opening strip 7 completely, as can be seen on best results from Figure 8.
  • FIG. 7 A first embodiment can be seen in FIG. 7, in which the width of the double cardboard strip 2 is designated by "a", the upper edge of which is defined by the dash-dotted cut line 5. Less than this width "a” is the width or height "b" of the opening strip 7, which is shown in FIG. 7 with simple dashed lines in the first embodiment.
  • a second embodiment is shown with double dashed lines, in which this opening strip 7 has the width "c", which can be twice the width "b”. In this case it is the opening strip 7, which is provided protruding from the double cardboard strip 2 into the interior of the package.
  • the plastic web 8 of the opening strip 7 is pulled off a supply roll 20 shown in FIG. 9 and folded in a U-shape, as indicated at the right end of FIG. 9 in the initial state.
  • FIG. 10 If a section line is drawn along the line XX through FIG. 9, the structure of the plastic sheet 8 can be seen, as shown in FIG. 10.
  • a first layer 21 made of polyester stretched in the longitudinal direction 22, on the surface of which a second plastic layer 23 made of a thermoplastic ionomer resin based on crosslinked ethylene copolymers and on the side opposite to this in FIG. 10 (namely the lower side) a third layer 24 of PETG is laminated on.
  • the first layer 21 loses its sievability by stretching. This is not the case with the second and third plastic layers 23, 24, which is why the second 23 and third plastic layers 24 are more sealable than the first plastic layer.
  • the two outer layers 23 and 24 also differ from one another in that the second plastic layer 23 coming on the outside of the opening strip 7 according to FIG. 8 has a lower sealability temperature than the third plastic layer 24 has.
  • FIG. 11 is very schematized to clarify the individual layers and, for example, no sealing seams or pressed parts are visible.
  • the peculiarity of Figure 11 is that the end sealing area 13 is not at the front of the pouring tip 25 but only in the vicinity thereof, i.e. is arranged in the pouring area generally designated A.
  • the opening strip 7 is longer than, for example, in the embodiment of FIG. 1. According to FIG. 11, the strip 7 with the end sealing area 13 is pulled out above the pouring tip 25 to the right and is only attached there.
  • a paper 4 prepared with an opening strip 7 cannot be wound onto a supply roll because it would become too thick on one side. It is therefore preferred if the method described above begins in the area of a packaging machine or filling machine.
  • an aluminum foil can be welded onto one side of the paper web between the paper and the plastic coating, ie the polyethylene.
  • the sealing can take place according to the invention, preferably here by means of high frequency. The heat then arises in the aluminum foil and only softens the plastic in the vicinity of the irradiated area. Even in such a case, it is avoided that the opening strip 7 is sealed, for example, on its inner sides, as was deliberately carried out beforehand in the initial sealing area 12 and in the final sealing area 13 at a higher sealing temperature.
  • the opening strip is produced in such a way that the three plastic layers are first laminated onto one another and this layer structure is stretched overall, etc.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cartons (AREA)
  • Making Paper Articles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Thermally Insulated Containers For Foods (AREA)
  • Containers And Plastic Fillers For Packaging (AREA)
EP87105546A 1986-04-28 1987-04-14 Flüssigkeitspackung, Herstellung derselben und Kunststoffbahn zur Herstellung der Flüssigkeitspackung Expired - Lifetime EP0244674B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87105546T ATE77798T1 (de) 1986-04-28 1987-04-14 Fluessigkeitspackung, herstellung derselben und kunststoffbahn zur herstellung der fluessigkeitspackung.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB8610324 1986-04-28
GB8610324A GB2189772B (en) 1986-04-28 1986-04-28 A liquid pack and method of manufacture thereof

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0244674A2 EP0244674A2 (de) 1987-11-11
EP0244674A3 EP0244674A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0244674B1 true EP0244674B1 (de) 1992-07-01

Family

ID=10596962

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87105546A Expired - Lifetime EP0244674B1 (de) 1986-04-28 1987-04-14 Flüssigkeitspackung, Herstellung derselben und Kunststoffbahn zur Herstellung der Flüssigkeitspackung

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US4787507A (es)
EP (1) EP0244674B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2523318B2 (es)
AT (1) ATE77798T1 (es)
AU (1) AU598535B2 (es)
CA (1) CA1276922C (es)
DE (1) DE3780074D1 (es)
ES (1) ES2033254T3 (es)
GB (1) GB2189772B (es)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE459916B (sv) * 1987-12-23 1989-08-21 Roby Teknik Ab Oeppningsanordning vid foerpackningsbehaallare
JP2792903B2 (ja) * 1989-04-11 1998-09-03 大日本印刷株式会社 容 器
CH679850A5 (es) * 1989-09-05 1992-04-30 Tetra Pak Romont
JPH03176348A (ja) * 1989-11-24 1991-07-31 Tsunetoshi Kobayashi 開封用具付紙パック類の製造方法
US5083702A (en) * 1990-03-22 1992-01-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Gable-top container and method and apparatus for construction thereof
US5228616A (en) * 1990-08-14 1993-07-20 Tetra Alfa Holdings S.A. Package container provided with a strip-type opening arrangement
US5080233A (en) * 1990-11-21 1992-01-14 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Gable top container having reduced opening force and method for construction therefor
SE469939B (sv) * 1992-03-03 1993-10-11 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Materialbana för tillverkning av förpackningsbehållare med öppningsanordning innefattande en dragremsa
SE508001C2 (sv) * 1992-07-02 1998-08-10 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance Öppningsanordning för förpackningsbehållare
EP0708000A3 (en) * 1994-10-21 1996-08-14 Hoover Universal Upholstery cover for seats
EP1275588A1 (en) * 2001-07-12 2003-01-15 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance SA Gable-top package for pourable food products
EP1584563A1 (en) * 2004-04-09 2005-10-12 Tetra Laval Holdings & Finance S.A. Gable-top package for pourable food products and method for dimensioning thereof
DE102007021048A1 (de) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-06 Poly-Clip System Gmbh & Co. Kg Aufreißstreifen und Verfahren zu dessen Bereitstellung
JP2018501165A (ja) * 2014-12-22 2018-01-18 テトラ ラバル ホールディングス アンド ファイナンス エス エイ 包装材及び当該包装材で形成された包装容器
DE102016003824A1 (de) * 2016-04-04 2017-10-05 Sig Technology Ag Packungsmantel, Verpackung und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Verpackung
CN112429361B (zh) * 2020-11-18 2023-04-07 乐美包装（昆山）有限公司 包装容器及其坯料

Family Cites Families (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL97811C (es) * 1953-01-16
US2961365A (en) * 1954-10-13 1960-11-22 Du Pont Lamination of polyethylene terephthalate structures
US2877500A (en) * 1955-06-17 1959-03-17 Grace W R & Co Process for preparing transparent polyethylene
US3054703A (en) * 1957-05-08 1962-09-18 Du Pont Laminated structures and process
DE1193790B (de) * 1959-03-25 1965-05-26 Jagenberg Werke Ag Herstellung von Zuschnitten fuer die Maentel konischer Behaelter
US3187982A (en) * 1960-07-21 1965-06-08 Union Carbide Corp Method for forming coated uniaxially oriented films and the product formed thereby
US3188266A (en) * 1963-09-03 1965-06-08 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Interface bonding of polymers and product thereof
US3455720A (en) * 1964-08-21 1969-07-15 Du Pont Post-formable film
US3497131A (en) * 1968-05-20 1970-02-24 Kartridg Pak Co Package with easy opening device
US3560223A (en) * 1969-06-16 1971-02-02 Tee Pak Inc Liver sausage with casing and method of preparing same
CH546184A (de) * 1971-01-11 1974-02-28 Altstaedter Verpack Vertrieb Verpackung fuer fluessigkeiten aus karton oder papier und verfahren zur herstellung der verpackung.
BE795478A (fr) * 1972-02-16 1973-08-16 Cellophane Sa Films composites en polyesters et leur procede de fabrication
CH641400A5 (de) * 1979-07-26 1984-02-29 Tetra Pak Dev Verfahren zur herstellung einer gereckten kunststoff-folie mit biaxialer molekuelorientierung.
US4362245A (en) * 1979-12-10 1982-12-07 American Can Company Liquid tight pouring carton
SE428290B (sv) * 1981-08-28 1983-06-20 Rigello Pak Ab Oppningsanordning for forpackningsbehallare med trycksatt fyllgods
SE451064B (sv) * 1981-12-30 1987-08-31 Tetra Pak Int Anordning vid forpackningsbehallare

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8610324D0 (en) 1986-06-04
DE3780074D1 (de) 1992-08-06
EP0244674A3 (en) 1989-03-15
GB2189772B (en) 1989-12-13
JPS62260648A (ja) 1987-11-12
GB2189772A (en) 1987-11-04
AU7193487A (en) 1987-10-29
EP0244674A2 (de) 1987-11-11
US4787507A (en) 1988-11-29
ATE77798T1 (de) 1992-07-15
AU598535B2 (en) 1990-06-28
CA1276922C (en) 1990-11-27
JP2523318B2 (ja) 1996-08-07
ES2033254T3 (es) 1993-03-16

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