CN1248316A - 恒速万向接头 - Google Patents
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- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/2237—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts where the grooves are composed of radii and adjoining straight lines, i.e. undercut free [UF] type joints
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- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D3/2233—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts where the track is made up of two curves with a point of inflexion in between, i.e. S-track joints
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- F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
- F16D3/00—Yielding couplings, i.e. with means permitting movement between the connected parts during the drive
- F16D3/16—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts
- F16D3/20—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members
- F16D3/22—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts
- F16D3/223—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts
- F16D2003/22306—Universal joints in which flexibility is produced by means of pivots or sliding or rolling connecting parts one coupling part entering a sleeve of the other coupling part and connected thereto by sliding or rolling members the rolling members being balls, rollers, or the like, guided in grooves or sockets in both coupling parts the rolling members being guided in grooves in both coupling parts having counter tracks, i.e. ball track surfaces which diverge in opposite directions
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- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S464/00—Rotary shafts, gudgeons, housings, and flexible couplings for rotary shafts
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Abstract
一种传递扭矩用的恒速万向接头,它具有:一带有诸外滚珠轨道的外接头部分;一带有诸内滚珠轨道的内接头部分;诸扭矩传送滚珠,由一对位于诸相应的子午面里的外和内滚珠轨道导向;以及,一滚珠隔离圈,该隔离圈将诸滚珠容纳在沿外圆分布的窗口里,并将这些滚珠保持在一公共平面里,并当该万向接头铰接时将诸滚珠引导在角平分面上,诸外滚珠轨道和内滚珠轨道的中心线由至少两段彼此连结在一起的不同的弯曲部分组成,外接头部分的每条滚珠轨道的中心线包括朝外弯曲的内部分和向敞口端的朝里弯曲的末尾部分。
Description
本发明涉及一种传递扭矩用的恒速万向接头,它具有:一带有诸外滚珠轨道的外接头部分;一带有诸内滚珠轨道的内接头部分,诸扭矩传送滚珠由一对位于诸相应的子午面里的外和内滚珠轨道导向;以及,一滚珠隔离圈,该隔离圈将诸滚珠容纳在沿外圆分布的窗口里,并将这些滚珠保持在一公共平面里,并当该万向接头铰接时将诸滚珠引导在角平分面上,诸外滚珠轨道和内滚珠轨道的中心线由至少两段彼此连结在一起的不同的弯曲部分组成。
这类接头已知的有Rzeppa固定接头(RF)或无凹割固定接头(UF)。后者描述在德国专利RE-PS 22 52 827中。对于某一尺寸的这类接头,尤其关于这些接头的轴向长度,在最大铰接角与待和内接头部分连接的轴的厚度之间存在一彼此依赖的关系。一方面,铰接角被限制得使防止诸滚珠离开诸轨道端部,或确切地说,就在诸轨道端部的边缘负荷来说,必须确保在该轨道里的滚珠的接触点与该轨道端边之间有一足够安全的距离。另外,该铰接角由连接轴的厚度限制,该轴当内接头部分铰接时紧贴于外接头部分的内锥体上并因此防止了进一步铰接。有意义的是:使连接轴的粗细和形状与该内锥体的位置间彼此以这样的方式相适应,即,使该连接轴的邻接面与滚珠的接触点与轨道端边间的安全距离一致。
汽车工程的发展期待所述的恒速万向接头具有一种不断提高的性能,这意味着:利用一预定的可用的空间和质量,必须增加使用寿命并扩大功能范围,或者,反之亦然,在一预定的使用和功能范围情况下必须减少空间和质量。
对于已有技术的接头设计,在一方面,如关于铰接角的任何改进只能通过缩短使用寿命和减小抗断强度实现。
本发明的目的是提供一种最初提到的类型的接头,它的性能以这样的方式得以改善,即,能减小空间减少质量而不会不利地影响其余的参数。
按照本发明,实现本发明的目的的手段是:外接头部分的诸滚珠轨道的诸中心线S中的每一条包括朝外弯曲的内部分S1和朝着敞口端相对的朝里弯曲的末尾部分S2。这意味着:该内部分S1至少一部分沿一弯曲路径绕着一接头中心C延伸,朝着敞口端的末尾部分S2沿着相反方向弯曲,即,朝外弯曲。总的说来,其结果是外接头部分里的诸滚珠轨道的诸中心线离在末尾部分S2里的轴线AA的距离,朝着该外接头部分的敞口端增大。
因此,该外接头部分的形状的特点在于:诸滚珠轨道的端部朝着该外接头部分的敞口端增宽并沿径向彼此离开。
按照一具体实施例提出的是:每个内部分S1在外接头部分里以一弯曲的路径绕着一中心Z1延伸;以及,每个末尾部分S2在外接头部分之外以一弯曲的路径绕着一中心Z2延伸。在另外的诸从属权利要求里描述了本发明的诸最佳实施例,对这些实施例给出了诸具体的标号。
由于总的对称情况,在内接头部分里的诸滚珠轨道变宽,并在该轴向相对端在一末尾部分,即,朝着外接头部分的底部彼此离开,又以诸滚珠轨道的诸中心线为基准时,因此它的离内接头部分的轴线AI的距离在所述轴向相对端是最大的。
按照某些曲线,所述诸末尾部分S2能如一圆弧延伸,但这些轨道的末尾部分也能以相对于纵轴线AA一角度笔直延伸。
与按照已有技术的接头(其中,在诸轨道里的诸滚珠的接触点大致位于延伸通过相应的诸滚珠中心的诸径向平面里)相比,通过按照本发明的轨道形状达到的效果包括:相对于通过诸接头中心的诸径向平面,在诸轨道里的诸滚珠的接触点之间有一轴向距离,诸接触点朝着中心接合平面偏移。这样,能在接头长度/接头质量、最大铰接角和连接轴的厚度的诸参数的相互关系方面有所改进。就对本发明的手段和效果的进一步说明而论,要参阅下列诸附图。在图示的实施例里,本发明的接头是一UF接头。但是,为了使按照本发明的技术传授起作用,不必使滚珠轨道呈现无凹割的。
图1表示了一按照已有技术的无凹割恒速万向接头(UF)的纵向剖面图。
图2表示了按照图1的接头的外接头部分的一轨道偏转(track run-out)。
图3表示了带有一铰接连接轴的按照图1的接头的外接头部分。
图4表示了一带有无凹割轨道的本发明的恒速万向接头(UF接头)的纵向剖面图。
图5表示了按照图4的接头的外接头部分的一轨道偏转。
图6表示了带有一铰接连接轴的、按照图4的接头的外接头部分。
图1表示了已有技术的恒速万向接头,它包括一外接头部分11、一内接头部分12、诸扭矩传送滚珠13和一滚珠隔离圈14。在一端,有一被一接头轴颈16紧随的底部15封闭住该外接头部分11。沿轴向与底部15相对设有一外接头部分11的孔17。在该外接头部分11里,表示了多条沿外圆分布的外滚珠轨道18中的一条,如从敞开端17看,该条轨道是无凹割的。内接头部分12设有一中心孔19,穿过该孔插有一被一定位环21沿轴向固定的连接轴20。在该内接头部分12里,表示出多条沿外圆分布的外滚珠轨道22中的一条,如从敞开端17看,该条轨道也是无凹割的。外滚珠轨道18和内滚珠轨道22彼此成对关联并共同容纳成对的扭矩传送滚珠13。滚珠隔离圈14将诸滚珠13共同保持在一平面里,在该隔离圈里诸滚珠被***在与中心接合平面E重叠的中心隔离圈平面里的诸隔离圈窗口23内。
中心接合平面E也包含了接头中心C,该中心是由该接头在铰接时的外接头部分与内接头部分的轴线AA和AI的交点限定的。在外接头部分11的敞开端17设有一内圆锥体24,在该接头铰接时该圆锥体形成用于内接头部分12的连接轴20的一挡头,因此限制了该接头的铰接角β(如下所述)。
图2以一断开的剖面图方式表示了带一外滚珠轨道18的外接头部分11。在敞开端17切掉外滚珠轨道18的所述内圆柱体24仍然可被看到。另外,表示出在一滚珠轨道18里的一位置上的滚珠13,该位置是内接头部分相对于外接头部分铰接其最大量时由该滚珠13所处的这样一个位置。此时,两轴线间的最大铰接角β(下面还将提及它)导致一相对于外接头部分的隔离圈的铰接角β/2(如图所示)。相应地铰接的隔离圈的中心平面相对于中心接合平面E来说,滚珠13也移出中心接合平面E一角β/2。诸滚珠的中心M沿循外滚珠轨道18的虚中心线,该虚中心线由一半径为R1的圆弧S限定,该圆弧的中心Z位于轴线AA上并相对于中心接合平面E偏离一偏心距O1,该圆弧还被一平行于轴线AA的直线G相切。在所示的滚珠位置,在外滚珠轨道18里的该滚珠的接触点B位于通过该滚珠中心M的一径向平面上。相对于由内圆锥体24限定的轨道端边,接触点B在一最小的轴向距离L,考虑到可能的在该轨道端部的边缘断裂,该距离不允许缩小。在接触点B与中心铰接平面E之间的距离的标号为N。
图3表示了在外接头部分11的轴线AA与内接头部分12的轴线AI之间的在接头中心C的上述接头铰接角β。此时,连接轴20取代了内接头部分;在此位置,它贴靠于内圆锥体24。通过如此将铰接的程度限制为角度β,就确保了在接触点B与滚珠轨道18的轨道端部之间的最小距离L。
图4表示了本发明的一恒速万向接头,该接头包括一外接头部分31、一内接头部分32、诸扭矩传送滚珠33和一滚珠隔离圈34。在一端,有一被一接头轴颈36紧随的底部35封闭住该外接头部分31。沿轴向与底部35相对设有一外接头部分31的孔37。在该外接头部分31里,表示了多条沿外圆分布的外滚珠轨道38中的一条,参照中心接合平面E,该条轨道相对于外滚珠轨道对称地延伸,并且如从敞开端37看是无凹割的。外滚珠轨道38和内滚珠轨道42彼此成对关联并共同容纳成对的扭矩传送滚珠33。在该隔离圈里诸滚珠33被***在与接头的中心平面E重叠的一滚珠隔离圈34的中心平面里的诸隔离圈窗口43内,并由滚珠隔离圈34被共同保持在一平面里。中心接合平面E还包含了接头中心C,该中心是由该接头在铰接时的外接头部分与内接头部分的轴线AA和AI的交点限定的。在外接头部分上,在其敞开端37的那一侧,设有一内圆锥体44,在该接头铰接时该圆锥体形成一用于连接轴40的挡头。平行于各自的轨道底部(track base)延伸并彼此相交于滚珠33的中心(未示出)的滚珠轨道38和42的中心线包括诸转折点。本发明的一个重要方面是:朝向敞开端37的外滚珠轨道38从纵轴线AA离开,例如,该外滚珠轨道的中心线的末尾部分的曲线中心分别位于外接头部分和所述中心线之外。所以,朝向底部端35的内滚珠轨道42从纵轴线AI离开,使该内滚珠轨道的中心线的末尾部分的曲线中心分别位于内接头部分和所述中心线之外。
图5以一断开的剖面图形式表示了带有外滚珠轨道38的外接头部分31。能看到在敞口端切割外轨道底部38的内圆锥体44。另外,图示的滚珠轨道38的滚珠33的位置是当内接头部分以一不变的接头铰接角γ相对于外接头部分铰接时该滚珠所在的位置。两轴线间的接头铰接角β(下面还将提及它)导致一相对于外接头部分的隔离圈的铰接角β/2(如图所示)。相应地铰接的隔离圈的中心平面相对于中心接合平面E来说,滚珠33也移出中心接合平面E一角β/2。该滚珠的中心M沿循外滚珠轨道38的以点划线表示的中心线,该中心线由一半径为R1的一第一圆弧S1和一半径为R2的一与第一圆弧连接的第二圆弧S2限定,该第一圆弧的中心Z1位于轴线AA上并相对于中心接合平面E偏离一偏心距OZ1,该第二圆弧的中心Z2位于一直线上,该直线延伸在该接头之外位于离纵轴线AA为一距离Oy2之处,并相对于中心接合平面E偏离一偏心距OZ2。
假定铰接角β不变化,滚珠中心M略微朝中心接合平面E偏移。另一方面,在外滚珠轨道上的滚珠33的接触点B移至滚珠中心M之后面并回到中心接合平面E,并还沿径向朝外。其结果使接触点B到中心接合平面的距离N*变得小于较早时的距离N。这意味着通过保持接触点到轨道端边的最小轴向距离L,内圆柱体44的位置能朝着底部15移动,即,外接头部分被缩短了。
图6表示了在外接头部分31的轴线AA与内接头部分32的轴线AI之间的上述接头铰接角β。在图6中,连接轴40取代了内接头部分,在此位置,如已提到的,由于内圆锥体44的位移该连接轴40与该内圆锥体隔开一距离。因此,在不改变铰接角β的情况下,能增加连接轴40的厚度,以便增大扭矩传递能力。根据图示的偏移情况,如果内圆锥体的位置稍有改变而保持连接轴的厚度不变,同时保持接触点B与该滚珠轨道的端部间与一足够的安全的距离L,就能增大铰接角β。
恒速万向接头标号明细11,31 外接头部分12,32 内接头部分13,33 滚珠14,34 滚珠隔离圈15,35 底部16,36 接头轴颈17,37 接头孔18,38 外滚珠轨道19,39 内孔20,40 连接轴21,41 定位环23,43 隔离圈窗口24,44 内圆锥体
Claims (9)
1.一种传递扭矩用的恒速万向接头,它具有:一带有诸外滚珠轨道(38)的外接头部分(31);一带有诸内滚珠轨道(42)的内接头部分(32);诸扭矩传送滚珠(33),由一对位于诸相应的子午面里的外和内滚珠轨道(33)导向;以及,一滚珠隔离圈(34),该隔离圈将诸滚珠(33)容纳在沿外圆分布的窗口(43)里,并将这些滚珠保持在一公共平面里,并当该万向接头铰接时将诸滚珠引导在角平分面上,诸外滚珠轨道(38)和内滚珠轨道(42)的中心线由至少两段彼此连结在一起的不同的弯曲部分组成,
其特征在于,外接头部分(31)的诸滚珠轨道(38)的诸中心线S中的每一条包括朝外弯曲的内部分S1和朝着敞口端(37)相对的朝里弯曲的末尾部分S2。
2.按照权利要求1的恒速万向接头,其特征在于,诸内部分S1中的每个在外接头部分(31)里,沿一弯曲路径绕着一接头中心Z1延伸。
3.按照权利要求1或2的恒速万向接头,其特征在于,诸末尾部分S2的每一个在该外接头部分(31)之外,沿着一弯曲的路径绕一中心Z2延伸。
4.按照权利要求1至3中任一项的恒速万向接头,其特征在于,诸中心线的诸末尾部分S2连续连接于诸中心线S的诸内部分S1。
5.按照上述诸权利要求中任一项的恒速万向接头,其特征在于,诸中心线的诸末尾部分S2在一转折点连接于诸中心线S的诸内部分S1。
6.按照上述诸权利要求中任一项的恒速万向接头,其特征在于,在诸中心线上的诸相应的转折点处的诸切线平行于轴线。
7.按照上述诸权利要求中任一项的恒速万向接头,其特征在于,诸中心线的诸末尾部分S2和诸内部分S1为诸圆弧。
8.按照上述诸权利要求中任一项的恒速万向接头,其特征在于,诸中心线的诸末尾部分S2的曲率半径R2小于诸内部分S1的曲率半径R1。
9.按照上述诸权利要求中任一项的恒速万向接头,其特征在于,在外接头部分(31)里的诸滚珠轨道(38)的诸内部分S1朝着该外接头部分(31)的敞口端(37)延伸超过中心接合平面E10°。
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DE19706864A DE19706864C1 (de) | 1997-02-21 | 1997-02-21 | Gleichlaufdrehgelenk |
DE19706864.2 | 1997-02-21 |
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US (1) | US6319133B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP3489840B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR100336058B1 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1120308C (zh) |
BR (1) | BR9807711A (zh) |
DE (1) | DE19706864C1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2142746B1 (zh) |
FR (1) | FR2760056B1 (zh) |
GB (1) | GB2337316B (zh) |
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- 1998-01-24 WO PCT/EP1998/000397 patent/WO1998037336A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1998-01-24 US US09/367,965 patent/US6319133B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-24 BR BR9807711-2A patent/BR9807711A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-01-24 CN CN98802723A patent/CN1120308C/zh not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1998-01-24 GB GB9918257A patent/GB2337316B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1998-01-24 KR KR1019997007554A patent/KR100336058B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1998-02-20 ES ES009800418A patent/ES2142746B1/es not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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CN1120308C (zh) | 2003-09-03 |
WO1998037336A1 (de) | 1998-08-27 |
ES2142746A1 (es) | 2000-04-16 |
JP3489840B2 (ja) | 2004-01-26 |
KR20000075495A (ko) | 2000-12-15 |
ES2142746B1 (es) | 2000-12-01 |
US6319133B1 (en) | 2001-11-20 |
GB9918257D0 (en) | 1999-10-06 |
FR2760056A1 (fr) | 1998-08-28 |
FR2760056B1 (fr) | 1999-06-04 |
BR9807711A (pt) | 2000-02-15 |
JP2000509799A (ja) | 2000-08-02 |
GB2337316A (en) | 1999-11-17 |
GB2337316B (en) | 2000-12-06 |
DE19706864C1 (de) | 1998-06-25 |
KR100336058B1 (ko) | 2002-05-10 |
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