CN110352735A - Southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree structure and its shaping and trimming method and application - Google Patents
Southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree structure and its shaping and trimming method and application Download PDFInfo
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- CN110352735A CN110352735A CN201910751966.1A CN201910751966A CN110352735A CN 110352735 A CN110352735 A CN 110352735A CN 201910751966 A CN201910751966 A CN 201910751966A CN 110352735 A CN110352735 A CN 110352735A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree structure and its shaping and trimming method and applications, belong to technical field of agricultural cultivation, wherein " umbrella room shape " tree structure, do high 50cm~70cm, centre has a upright center dry, set high 2.5m~3.0m, hat width 2.5m~3.0m × 3.5m~4.0m, 3~5, major branch, length 1.5m~2.0m, 40 °~60 ° of spreading angle, major branch extends around in 70 °~120 ° azimuths, no longer divide side shoot on major branch, center are dry, directly arranges small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster intersects straggly, uniaxial extension, and dry go up of each major branch and center gives birth to 15~20, small-sized fruitful branch, ultimately form the tree-like of a umbrella room shape；Tree structure proposed by the present invention overcomes that the tree-like branch series of existing tradition is more, disadvantage of tree structure complexity, avoids " trunk shape " crown height, the insufficient defect of lower part branch illumination.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of agricultural cultivation, and in particular to one kind can effectively prevent pear tree to cut saw kerf being infected by rotten pathogenic bacteria
Smearing cream and its application.
Background technique
According to FAO data in 2015,1,250,000 hectares of Chinese pear cultivated area in 2013, is distinguished by 17,300,000 tons of total output
Account for the 72.6% and 68.6% of world's pear cultivation area and total output.The sound development of China's pears industry, not only for China's agriculture
Industry production and increasing peasant income play an important role, and also have very important influence to world's apple and the operatic circle production.
Currently, the tradition applied in the production of China pear tree is tree-like for " evacuation layering shape ", " happy shape ", " coronule dredges layer shape "
" spindle ".Above-mentioned tree-like tree crown is larger, branch series is more, long the time required to forming, and tree management is difficult to grasp, and shaping is repaired
The technology of cutting is not easy to promote.
In order to realize the breeding objectives of China's " Labor-saving, precocity fruiting, low cost ", this research team is raw according to southern Chinese pear
Long fruit habit, develops that suitable China Yangtze river basin and its areas to the south, hillock, hills, tree structure be simple, pruning is held
Easily, precocity fruiting is new tree-like --- and " umbrella room shape " is tree-like.
Existing " evacuation layering shape ", " happy shape ", " coronule dredges layer shape " and " spindle " etc. is tree-like, though have structure complete
Whole, the advantages that skeleton is secured, the service life is long.But generally existing tree structure is complicated, pruning technique is cumbersome, fruit-bearing shoot cluster
The disadvantages of coarse, late, management is time-consuming into result (Figure 1A-D).In recent years, China has introduced Japanese " horizontal rack shape "
With American-European " trunk shape "." horizontal rack shape " advantage is that protection effect is good, is suitable for the more coastal area of disaster caused by a windstorm, but its material
Investment is big, shaping takes a lot of work, is at high cost；And " trunk shape " crown height, light requirement are strong, be not suitable for high temperature and rainy the Yangtze river basin and its
On the south Chinese pear main producing region (Fig. 1 E-F).
The present invention is weak according to Chinese pear stemness, branch is more, at the characteristics such as based on Hua Rongyi, fruit spur group's result, develops suitable
Close south China Chinese pear producing region, tree structure is simple, pruning is easy, precocity fruiting it is new tree-like --- " umbrella room shape " is tree-like
(Fig. 2 G-H).
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree structures
And its shaping and trimming method and application, the technical issues of to solve the not applicable southern Chinese pear characteristic of tree structure in the prior art.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions:
The present invention provides a kind of southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree structure, the tree structures specifically:
The southern high 50cm~70cm of Chinese pear tree trunk, centre have a upright center dry, set high 2.5m~3.0m, hat width
2.5m~3.0m × 3.5m~4.0m, 3~5, major branch, length 1.5m~2.0m, 40 °~60 ° of spreading angle, major branch in 70 °~
120 ° of azimuths extend around, and major branch, center, which are done, no longer divides side shoot, directly arrange small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Small-sized fruitful branch
Group intersects straggly, uniaxial extension, and dry go up of each major branch and center gives birth to 15~20, small-sized fruitful branch, ultimately form a umbrella room shape
Shape it is tree-like.
The present invention also provides a kind of shaping methods for forming above-mentioned tree structure, this method comprises:
Step 1: plant current year
It is done in pear tree away from fixed at the 60cm~80cm of ground after field planting, and quarter bud is carried out to the 3rd~5 bud under clip；5~June
Part, the pinching as new-tip length 30cm~50cm promotes branch diameter increment；8~September part selectes 3 for 70 °~120 ° by azimuth
~5 major branches, base angle opening degree are 40 °~60 °, and winter is dry to center and the major branch of lower part 3~5 carries out moderate cutting back, are wiped out
1/3~1/2, to form 3~5 major branches as being difficult to for the year, can appropriate heavy pruning, cultivated again within the 2nd year；
Step 2: the 2nd year
One week before and after rudiment, it is dry to major branch two sides, center on full bud carry out quarter bud, May when quarter bud branch 25~
When 30cm, 60 °~90 ° angles are strutted into toothpick, 40 °~60 ° of spreading angle, makees fruitful branch tissue culture and supports；8~9 parts months to major branch
Extend the tip and draws branch；When winter pruning, center is dry and major branch extends branch moderate cutting back, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is slow to be put, uniaxial extension；
Step 3: the 3rd year
Growth period repeats step 2, and wherein fruit-bearing shoot cluster can bear fruit；
Step 4: the 4th year: tree crown basically forms
It intersects to avoid adjacent plant major branch from extending branch, the method for cutting or changing again head can be taken to avoid two overlappings,
Height is set after winter pruning is maintained at 2.5m~3.0m or so；Remove major branch, overstocked branch is done at center, by major branch with side shoot group spacing
It is adjusted to 20~30cm or so；Full tree possesses dry 1 center, 3~5 major branches, 20~25 uniaxial extension fruit-bearing shoot clusters are constituted
" umbrella room shape " is tree-like.
Further, this method further include:
Step 5: summer auxiliary trimming
(a) the unnecessary sprouting that bud picking --- winter clip of erasing, saw kerf, trunk, rootstock issue；
(c) tip is dredged --- major branch, the dry overstocked branch in center are removed, spacing, which is less than overstocked, the thin and delicate young sprout of 5cm, to dredge
It removes；The competitive branch for extending branch is all erased, and angle the first transaction of a day's business, the linearly extended young sprout in direction are only retained；
(b) pinching --- when current year new-tip length reaches 50cm, pinch go it is top；The branch newly issued on major branch, center are dry,
Do not dealt with, stay 15~20cm pinching or stayed any operation in three kinds of 5cm cutting back operations.
Further, this method further include:
Step 6: the trimming after forming
(1) it sets high control: when center is dry extends grease head highness greater than 3.0m, bouncing back in time, center of selecting and remain is done
Branch " changing head "；
(2) fruit-bearing shoot cluster updates: for the aging for preventing fruitful branch, the dry fruit-bearing shoot cluster branch age on major branch in center is maintained at
Within 5 years, when reaching 5 years at the fruit-bearing shoot cluster age, the raw bifurcation of 3-4 can be retracted to；When being utilized such as rear portion without branch, it can stay
Stake 2cm~3cm is removed, and base portion kryptoblast hair branch is promoted to update；
(3) update of major branch: after many years result, extend branch growing way and ease up, major branch starts aging, when outside setting fruit position
It when shifting, hair principal stresses die down, needs be updated in a planned way, step by step, branch will be extended and retract to healthy and strong bifurcation on major branch, make it
Weak major branch is replaced to extend branch；When can not grow the strong tip on major branch, indicate that entire theatre tree vigo(u)r aging starts.
The present invention has the advantage that the present invention provides a kind of southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree-like knots compared with prior art
Structure and its shaping and trimming method and application, " umbrella room shape " is tree-like, and it is good and " trunk shape " to combine " horizontal rack shape " ventilation and penetrating light
Shape fast advantage；Overcome that " evacuation layering shape ", " coronule dredges layer shape ", " spindle " and " happy shape " branch series are more, set
Shape the shortcomings that structure is complicated；Change " trunk shape " crown height, the insufficient defect of lower part branch illumination.
Result of practical application shows that " umbrella room shape " tree structure is simple, forming in 3 years, does sth. in advance result 1-3.
Detailed description of the invention
The existing Pear trees shape structural schematic diagram of Fig. 1, A is evacuation layering shape, B is " happy shape ", C is that coronule dredges layer shape, D is
Spindle, E horizontal rack shape, F trunk shape；
Different times " umbrella room shape " structure of forming is trimmed in Fig. 2 embodiment, wherein G is dormant period, H is fruiting period；
Fig. 3 is that current year schematic diagram is transplanted in embodiment, and wherein 3-1 is that embodiment determines dry schematic diagram, 3-2 is bud picking signal
Figure, 3-3 are to do current year young sprout schematic diagram calmly；
Fig. 4 is different major branch azimuths schematic diagram.
Specific embodiment
Following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and technical solution in the embodiment of the present invention carries out clear, complete
Site preparation description, it is clear that described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, instead of all the embodiments.It is based on
Embodiment in the present invention, it is obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts every other
Embodiment shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment provided by the invention:
2012 spring of the present embodiment carries out in Ma ' anshan City and county tor village theatre.In the present embodiment
A kind of southern Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " new tree structure, the tree structure are provided specifically:
The southern high 50cm~70cm of Chinese pear tree trunk, centre have a upright center dry, set high 2.5m~3.0m, hat width
2.5m~3.0m × 3.5m~4.0m, 3~5, major branch, length 1.5m~2.0m, 40 °~60 ° of spreading angle, major branch in 70 °~
120 ° of azimuths extend around, and major branch, center, which are done, no longer divides side shoot, directly arrange small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Small-sized fruitful branch
Group intersects straggly, uniaxial extension, and dry go up of each major branch and center gives birth to 15~20, small-sized fruitful branch, ultimately form a umbrella room shape
Shape it is tree-like.
The present invention also provides a kind of shaping methods for forming above-mentioned tree structure, this method comprises:
Step 1: plant current year
Such as Fig. 3, (such as Fig. 3-1, fixed dry) is done away from fixed at the 60cm~80cm of ground in pear tree after field planting, and to the under clip the 3rd
~5 buds carry out quarter bud (such as Fig. 3-2 carves bud schematic diagram after doing calmly)；5~June, as new-tip length 30cm~50cm (as schemed
3-3, young sprout schematic diagram) pinching, promote branch diameter increment；8~September part selectes 3~5 major branches for 70 °~120 ° by azimuth
(such as Fig. 4-1,4-2,4-3 are different major branch azimuths schematic diagram), base angle opening degree are 40 °~60 °, winter it is dry to center and under
3~5 major branches in portion carry out moderate cutting back, wipe out 1/3~1/2, to form 3~5 major branches as being difficult to for the year, can appropriate heavy pruning, the 2nd
Year is cultivated again；
Step 2: the 2nd year
One week before and after rudiment, it is dry to major branch two sides, center on full bud carry out quarter bud, May when quarter bud branch 25~
When 30cm, 60 °~90 ° angles are strutted into toothpick, 40 °~60 ° of spreading angle, makees fruitful branch tissue culture and supports；8~9 parts months to major branch
Extend the tip and draws branch；When winter pruning, center is dry and major branch extends branch moderate cutting back, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is slow to be put, uniaxial extension；
Step 3: the 3rd year
Growth period repeats step 2, and wherein fruit-bearing shoot cluster can bear fruit；
Step 4: the 4th year: tree crown basically forms
It intersects to avoid adjacent plant major branch from extending branch, the method for cutting or changing again head can be taken to avoid two overlappings,
Height is set after winter pruning is maintained at 2.5m~3.0m or so；Remove major branch, overstocked branch is done at center, by major branch with side shoot group spacing
It is adjusted to 20~30cm or so；Full tree possesses dry 1 center, 3~5 major branches, 20~25 uniaxial extension fruit-bearing shoot clusters are constituted
" umbrella room shape " is tree-like (such as Fig. 2, G are dormant period, H is fruiting period).
Further, this method further include:
Step 5: summer auxiliary trimming
(a) the unnecessary sprouting that bud picking --- winter clip of erasing, saw kerf, trunk, rootstock issue；
(c) tip is dredged --- major branch, the dry overstocked branch in center are removed, spacing, which is less than overstocked, the thin and delicate young sprout of 5cm, to dredge
It removes；The competitive branch for extending branch is all erased, and angle the first transaction of a day's business, the linearly extended young sprout in direction are only retained；
(b) pinching --- when current year new-tip length reaches 50cm, pinch go it is top；The branch newly issued on major branch, center are dry,
Do not dealt with, stay 15~20cm pinching or stayed any operation in three kinds of 5cm cutting back operations.
Further, this method further include:
Step 6: the trimming after forming
(1) it sets high control: when center is dry extends grease head highness greater than 3.0m, bouncing back in time, center of selecting and remain is done
Branch " changing head "；
(2) fruit-bearing shoot cluster updates: for the aging for preventing fruitful branch, the dry fruit-bearing shoot cluster branch age on major branch in center is maintained at
Within 5 years, when reaching 5 years at the fruit-bearing shoot cluster age, the raw bifurcation of 3-4 can be retracted to；When being utilized such as rear portion without branch, it can stay
Stake 2cm~3cm is removed, and base portion kryptoblast hair branch is promoted to update；
(3) update of major branch: after many years result, extend branch growing way and ease up, major branch starts aging, when outside setting fruit position
It when shifting, hair principal stresses die down, needs be updated in a planned way, step by step, branch will be extended and retract to healthy and strong bifurcation on major branch, make it
Weak major branch is replaced to extend branch；When can not grow the strong tip on major branch, indicate that entire theatre tree vigo(u)r aging starts.
Southern china Chinese pear producing region tree structure parameter and its feature
| It is tree-like | Set height/m | Tree crown layering/layer | Major branch quantity/ | Fruit tree age beginning/year | Shape the age of tree/year | Advantages/disadvantages |
| Evacuation layering shape | 3.5-4.0 | 2-3 | 5-8 | 6-8 | 8-12 | Tree crown is big/and appearance is difficult |
| Happy shape | 3.0-3.5 | 1 | 3-5 | 5-7 | 7-9 | Tree crown is big/and appearance is difficult |
| Coronule dredges layer shape | 3.0-3.5 | 1-2 | 3-5 | 3-5 | 5-7 | Tree crown is medium/and appearance is difficult |
| Spindle | 3.0-3.5 | 3-4 | 9-12 | 3-5 | 5-7 | Tree crown is medium/and appearance is difficult |
| Horizontal rack shape | 2.0-2.5 | 1 | 3-4 | 3-5 | 5-7 | Tree crown is medium/and appearance is difficult |
| Trunk shape | 3.0-3.5 | 3-4 | 0 | 2-3 | 3-4 | Tree crown is small/and appearance is easy |
| Umbrella room shape | 2.5-3.0 | 1 | 0 | 2-3 | 3-4 | Tree crown is small/and appearance is easy |
Table 1
The present invention develops that the southern Chinese pear such as suitable China Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Zhejiang, structure is simple, shaping is easy
It is new tree-like --- " umbrella room shape " is tree-like, start the result age of tree than it is existing it is tree-like ahead of time 1-3 (table 1).
The foregoing is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, is not intended to limit the invention, all in essence of the invention
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should all be included in the protection scope of the present invention within mind and principle.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of south Chinese pear " umbrella room shape " tree structure, which is characterized in that the tree structure specifically:
The southern high 50cm~70cm of Chinese pear tree trunk, centre have a upright center dry, set high 2.5m~3.0m, hat width 2.5m
~3.0m × 3.5m~4.0m, 3~5, major branch, length 1.5m~2.0m, 40 °~60 ° of spreading angle, major branch are in 70 °~120 °
Azimuth extends around, and major branch, center, which are done, no longer divides side shoot, directly arranges small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster；Small-sized fruit-bearing shoot cluster is handed over
Straggly, uniaxial extension is pitched, dry go up of each major branch and center gives birth to 15~20, small-sized fruitful branch, ultimately form a umbrella room shape
It is tree-like.
2. a kind of shaping methods for forming tree structure described in claim 1, which is characterized in that this method comprises:
Step 1: plant current year
It is done in pear tree away from fixed at the 60cm~80cm of ground after field planting, and quarter bud is carried out to the 3rd~5 bud under clip；5~June, when
Pinching when new-tip length 30cm~50cm promotes branch diameter increment；8~September part is 3~5 selected by 70 °~120 ° of azimuth
Major branch, base angle opening degree are 40 °~60 °, and winter is dry to center and the major branch of lower part 3~5 carries out moderate cutting back, wipe out 1/3~
1/2, to form 3~5 major branches as being difficult to for the year, can appropriate heavy pruning, cultivated again within the 2nd year；
Step 2: the 2nd year
One week before and after rudiment, the full bud done to major branch two sides, center carries out quarter bud, May when carving 25~30cm of bud branch,
60 °~90 ° angles are strutted into toothpick, 40 °~60 ° of spreading angle, makees fruitful branch tissue culture and supports；Extend the tip to major branch within 8~9 parts months to draw
Branch；When winter pruning, center is dry and major branch extends branch moderate cutting back, and fruit-bearing shoot cluster is slow to be put, uniaxial extension；
Step 3: the 3rd year
Growth period repeats step 2, and wherein fruit-bearing shoot cluster can bear fruit；
Step 4: the 4th year: tree crown basically forms
It intersects to avoid adjacent plant major branch from extending branch, the method for cutting or changing again head can be taken to avoid two overlappings, winter
Height is set after trimming is maintained at 2.5m~3.0m or so；Remove major branch, overstocked branch is done at center, by major branch with side shoot group spacing adjust
To 20~30cm or so；Full tree possesses " the umbrella room that 1 center is done, 3~5 major branches, 20~25 uniaxial extension fruit-bearing shoot clusters are constituted
Shape " is tree-like.
3. according to the method described in claim 2, it is characterized in that, this method further include:
Step 5: summer auxiliary trimming
(a) the unnecessary sprouting that bud picking --- winter clip of erasing, saw kerf, trunk, rootstock issue；
(c) tip is dredged --- major branch, the dry overstocked branch in center are removed, spacing, which is less than overstocked, the thin and delicate young sprout of 5cm, to be removed；
The competitive branch for extending branch is all erased, and angle the first transaction of a day's business, the linearly extended young sprout in direction are only retained；
(b) pinching --- when current year new-tip length reaches 50cm, pinch go it is top；The branch newly issued on major branch, center are dry, selection
Do not deal with, stay 15~20cm pinching or stay any operation in three kinds of 5cm cutting back operations.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, this method further include:
Step 6: the trimming after forming
(1) it sets high control: when center is dry extends grease head highness greater than 3.0m, bouncing back in time, point that center of selecting and remain is done
Branch " changing head "；
(2) fruit-bearing shoot cluster updates: for the aging for preventing fruitful branch, the dry fruit-bearing shoot cluster branch age on major branch in center is maintained at 5 years
Within, when reaching 5 years at the fruit-bearing shoot cluster age, the raw bifurcation of 3-4 can be retracted to；When utilizing such as rear portion without branch, stake can be stayed
2cm~3cm is removed, and base portion kryptoblast hair branch is promoted to update；
(3) update of major branch: after many years result, extending branch growing way and ease up, and major branch starts aging, move outside the setting fruit position,
It when hair principal stresses dies down, needs to be updated in a planned way, step by step, branch will be extended and retract to healthy and strong bifurcation on major branch, take it
Extend branch for weak major branch；When can not grow the strong tip on major branch, indicate that entire theatre tree vigo(u)r aging starts.
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