CN105027947A - Efficient cultivating method suitable for stereoscopic planting of South peonies for oil extraction and pear trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides an efficient cultivating method suitable for stereoscopic planting of South peonies for oil extraction and pear trees. The method comprises the steps of land selecting, land preparing and bedding, field planting hole digging, planting time selecting and nursery stock processing, planting and field managing. By means of the method, the harm impact of the high temperature and intense light in summer in the South area on the growth of the peonies is reduced, pest and disease damage is reduced, and the impact of accumulated water on the growth of root systems of the peonies is avoided; furthermore, production of weeds in the field can be reduced, and a large amount of manpower and material resources are saved; in addition, the quality of the fruit of pears can be obviously improved, and the economic benefit is improved; the efficient cultivating method is simple in operation, capable of saving land resources and easy to popularize, and a key technological support can be provided for cultivation application of the peonies for oil extraction in the South area.

Description

A kind of efficient cultivation method being suitable for south oil use tree peony and pear tree solid growth

Technical field

The invention belongs to cultivation field, be specifically related to a kind of efficient cultivation method being suitable for south oil use tree peony and pear tree solid growth.

Background technology

Tree peony (PaeoniasuffruticosaAndr.) is the peculiar Of Flower Resources of original China, for Paeoniaceae Paeonia sect. Moutan machaka, view and admire and medicinal plant as traditional, tree peony has horticultural gardening history for many years in China various places, also introduced a fine variety the country such as Japanese, American-European widely and plant.Tree peony is all precious from head to foot, and wherein, peony seeds is rich in the amino acid, vitamin, polysaccharide, unsaturated fatty acid etc. of needed by human body, and the vegetable oil extracted by peony seeds is a kind of high-grade grease, is also the distinctive woody macadamia nut oil of China.Analyze according to internal authority mechanism PONY and national grain and oil Spot detection, peony seeds oil content is 22%, unsaturated conjunction content of fatty acid 92%, alpha-linolenic acid is 40%, be 140 times of olive oil, 10 times of soybean oil, containing numerous medicinal effective ingredients, being the treasure in vegetable oil, is also Chinese exclusive health care edible oil and fat.Therefore, exploitation oil has very important economic implications and benefit with tree peony, and development prospect is wide.

Oil is the same with other Varieties of Peonies with tree peony, like warm and not wet-heat resisting, happiness light but avoid is exposed to the sun summer, drought resistance is comparatively strong but avoid ponding.And south China Area during Summer common manifestation to be high temperature, high light, rainfall large.High temperature, high light easily cause oil to there will be leaf rolling, the phenomenon such as dried-up with tree peony at this regional culture, whole plant death time serious; A large amount of rainfalls can cause oil tree peony root ponding, and form rotten, meanwhile, weeds grow in a large number, and to be formed with peony plant with oil and compete, suppression is oily to be grown with tree peony.The equal oil supply of these factors brings difficulty with tree peony in the growth of southern area.Therefore, we have developed a kind of efficient cultivation method being suitable for southern area oil use tree peony and pear tree solid growth, the method can not only reduce high temperature, high light when oil grows with tree peony, and rainfall, reduction groundwater run off can be drained in time, ensure the normal growth of oil with tree peony root system, reduce growing of weeds.At present, efficient cultivation method about tree peony also has partial report in the literature, the paper ' oil tree peony intercropping technology ' delivered as people such as Wang Zhongran sums up the several modes of oil use tree peony intercropping of planting in Chengwu County, Shandong Province, mainly comprises: 1. tree peony and traditional Chinese medicine are interplanted: generally can select the bighead atractylodes rhizome, the dried rhizome of rehmannia, the red sage root, Radix Isatidis, the wind-weed, rhizoma arisaematis, balloonflower root etc.2. tree peony and vegetables are interplanted: generally can select potato, capsicum annum fasciculatum, spinach, rape etc.3. tree peony and grain and oil crop are interplanted: general optional sesame, soybean, mung bean, red bean etc.4. tree peony and greening seedling are interplanted: as prunus cerasifera, flowering peach, Malus spectabilis, oriental cherry, photinia glabra, crape myrtle etc., sell seedling after 3 years.Although this several intercropping pattern also improves economic benefit, in the plant selected, most of plant height is shorter, and high temperature, intense light conditions improve not remarkable, and in addition, the method needs to consume a large amount of manpowers and removes certainly weeds in field, and easily damages peony plant.The paper ' tree peony and rhizoma Gastrodiae interplant high efficiency ' of summer man's super generating table (Xia Jiachao. tree peony and rhizoma Gastrodiae interplant high efficiency. extraordinary Economic animals and plants; 2008; 5:39.) describe a kind of highly efficient and productive cultivation new model of interplanting rhizoma Gastrodiae in tree peony ground; in this pattern rhizoma Gastrodiae plant short and small, not light requirement shine; the blade of main dependence tree peony is that it creates good shading condition, and tree peony self can not be protected.CN104541846A discloses a kind of tree peony walnut mixed culture method, the method is after the 1 year raw branch formed by the Walnut Seed of sowing carries out grafting survival as stock, tree peony is planted again between walnut interval, the method is a kind of simple intercropping mode, need equally repeatedly to remove weeds in field, after walnut grows up, be easy to envelope row, shading light photograph, the later stage is unfavorable for the normal growth of tree peony, easily grows damage by disease and insect, causes plant excessive growth, fecundity is poor.

Summary of the invention

The object of the invention is to solve oil with tree peony in (China In Middle And Lower Reaches of Changjiang River, southern area, as areas such as Law Firm Suzhou Jiangsu, Zhejiang Hangzhou, Shanghai, Changshas) be subject to the restriction of summer high temperature, high light, the condition such as rainfall is large, weeds are many in cultivation, there is provided a kind of southern area oil efficient cultivation method of tree peony and pear tree, can be oil provides key technology to support with tree peony at the growth condition of southern area.

The efficient cultivation method being suitable for southern area oil tree peony and pear tree solid growth of the present invention, comprises selection of land, whole ground bedding, excavates planting pit, the time is planted in selection and seedling treatment, plant and the step of field management:

(1) whole ground bedding step: large plot is divided into some Small burden, the wide 5-6 rice of each Small burden, digs a wide zanjon of 0.8 ~ 1 meter between plot and plot; Soil deep tillage 30 ~ 50cm in plot, cleaning weeds, stone, and use sufficient base fertilizer in conjunction with whole, namely 150 ~ 200kg/ mu cake fertilizer or barnyard manure 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu of becoming thoroughly decomposed, apply 10 ~ 15kg/ mu phoxim granule and 4 ~ 5kg/ mu carbendazim etc. as soil insect-killing bactericide simultaneously; After using sufficient base manure, raked by soil, doing 4 height in the centre position on distance each 0.5 ~ 1 meter of both sides is 20 ~ 30cm, wide 50 ~ 70cm furrow, the drain ditch staying one 20 ~ 30cm wide between each furrow.Adopt high furrow that precipitation can be flowed in two lateral sulcus in time in the present invention.

(2) planting pit is excavated: at whole upper berth, plot last layer black mulch film of planting, start to excavate planting pit after fixing surrounding with garden mould; First, be generally 30 ~ 40cm, the degree of depth at the kind plant hole of about 40cm at plantation oil with 4 furrow of tree peony digging diameter, apart 40 ~ 50cm between front and back; Secondly, be generally 40 ~ 60cm, the degree of depth at the pear tree kind plant hole of about 60cm at the local digging diameter nestling up ragged edge two furrow, front and back are at a distance of 2 ~ 3 meters; When digging cave, table soil should be separated with subsoil, to fill out in bottom by table soil when planting, subsoil is filled out on top.In this step, the use of black mulch film significantly reduces growing of sylvan life weeds, has saved a large amount of human and material resources; Black mulch film makes precipitation can flow in time in two lateral sulcus.

(3) select to plant time and seedling treatment: oil is that late September is to mid-October with the tree peony time of planting; The pear tree time of planting is mid or late November;

(4) field management: the fixed pole height of pear tree is 0.8 ~ 1 meter, 3 major branches of selecting and remain, are eachly no more than 1 ~ 1.5 meter towards the oil major branch length of side, tree peony direction; All the other manage same Routine Management.In the present invention, the fixed pole height of pear tree is high, thin planting, and not only make tree peony kind planting-line bottom layer ventilation, do not seal row, be unfavorable for growing of damage by disease and insect, and make pear tree fully can absorb sunlight, fruit quality is good.Simultaneously pear tree consumes underground water in a large number in the season of growth in summer, can the growth of tree peony root system not affect by ponding

Beneficial effect of the present invention is embodied in:

(1) the present invention is simple to operate, economizes the land resource, and is easy to promote.

(2) pear tree is tree peony growth provides certain shade environment in summer, alleviates high temperature, injury effect that high light grows tree peony.

(3) high, the thin planting of the fixed pole height of pear tree, not only make tree peony kind planting-line bottom layer ventilation, do not seal row, be unfavorable for growing of damage by disease and insect, and make pear tree fully can absorb sunlight, fruit quality is good.

(4) use of black mulch film significantly reduces growing of sylvan life weeds, has saved a large amount of human and material resources.

(5) black mulch film adds that high furrow make precipitation can flow in time in two lateral sulcus, and simultaneously pear tree consumes underground water in a large number in the season of growth in summer, can the growth of tree peony root system not affect by ponding.

(6) effectively increase the income of land area of one unit, additionally reduce water and soil loss, there are good economy and ecological benefits.

Accompanying drawing explanation

Fig. 1 is the Efficient Cultivation pattern of ' Feng Dan ' and ' Huanghua Pear '.

Fig. 2 be under Efficient Cultivation pattern ' Feng Dan ' in the performance in summer.A field is without weeds propagation and widespread, and B ' Feng Dan ' plant strain growth is normal.

Fig. 3 be under common cultivation pattern tree peony in the performance in summer.A weeds in field is grown thickly, and B tree peony blade major part is withered.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1

For the method for cultivating with tree peony and pear tree that oils in Changshu, Jiangsu Province Jia Sheng development in agricultural science and technology Co., Ltd base:

(1) selection of land: the plot select physical features high and dry, broad ventilation, facing south, requires that loosing soil is fertile, soil layer is deep, draining is good, with the loam of weakly acidic pH or sandy loam as well.

(2) whole ground bedding: start to carry out wholely, large plot being divided into some Small burden behind selected cultivation plot, each Small burden is wide 5 meters, digs a wide zanjon of 1 meter between plot and plot.Soil deep tillage 50cm in plot, cleaning weeds, stone, and use sufficient base fertilizer in conjunction with whole, namely 200kg/ mu cake fertilizer or the barnyard manure 1500kg/ mu that becomes thoroughly decomposed, apply 15kg/ mu phoxim granule and 5kg/ mu carbendazim etc. as soil insect-killing bactericide simultaneously.After using sufficient base manure, raked by soil, doing 4 height in the centre position on distance each 0.6 meter of both sides is 30cm, wide 70cm furrow, stays the drain ditch that a 20cm is wide between each furrow.

(3) planting pit is excavated: at whole upper berth, plot last layer black mulch film of planting, start to excavate planting pit after fixing surrounding with garden mould.First, be generally 40cm, the degree of depth at the kind plant hole of about 40cm at plantation oil with 4 furrow of tree peony digging diameter, apart 50cm between front and back.Secondly, be generally 50cm, the degree of depth at the pear tree kind plant hole of about 60cm at the local digging diameter nestling up ragged edge two furrow, front and back are at a distance of 2 meters.When digging cave, table soil should be separated with subsoil, to fill out in bottom by table soil when planting, subsoil is filled out on top.

(4) Fruit variety: oil selects ' Feng Dan ' (being purchased from great waves plantation farmer specialized cooperative society, Bozhou City Qiaocheng District, Anhui Province) with tree peony, and pear tree selects sand pear kind ' Huanghua Pear ' (be purchased from the Xinhe River, Shuyang County, Jiangsu Province and guard sincere Nursery Stock field).

(5) to plant time and seedling treatment: oil plants the time in mid-October with tree peony, selects 3 years raw seedlings, with 800 times of liquid tmtd immersions 5 ~ 10 minutes, plant after drying.Pear tree plants the time in late November, selects more than diameter 1cm without 2 years raw nursery stocks of summer autumn growth, soaks clear water 12 hours and plant after pruning root system.

(6) plant: first by through the fertilizer that becoming thoroughly decomposed with show soil and mix and put into cave and pile circular mound, spread the table soil of one deck without fertilizer again, nursery stock is placed on mound, make root system be uniformly distributed surrounding naturally to hang down, then backfill soil is to acupoint depth one half, gently upwards carries seedling with have gentle hands, make collar place original soil print equal with ground or slightly high, and stand solid with their feet, then banket, more steady and sure.Stay tree dish to water permeable, fill and lead up with soil after oozing under water.The dry wet degree of one week backsight soil is poured water again.Slightly dry rear fine earth envelope heap, spring pushs aside.

(7) field management: the fixed pole height of pear tree is 0.8 meter, 3 major branches of selecting and remain, are eachly no more than 1.5 meters towards the oil major branch length of side, tree peony direction.All the other manage same Routine Management.

(8) effect: Fig. 1 is the present invention's oil Efficient Cultivation pattern of tree peony ' Feng Dan ' with sand pear ' Huanghua Pear '.To summer, Growth of Pear Trees does not seal row, and certain shade environment can be provided to tree peony, decrease high temperature, injury effect (Fig. 2 A) that high light grows tree peony, tree peony growth is normal, there is not withered spot, even dead phenomenon (Fig. 2 B) in blade, meanwhile, weeds almost be can not see in field.And under common cultivation pattern, not only weedy (Fig. 3 A), and plant strain growth gesture is weak in field, there is a large amount of withered spot in blade, and partial blade is dead (Fig. 3 B) in advance.

Claims (1)

1. be suitable for an efficient cultivation method for south oil tree peony and pear tree solid growth, comprise selection of land, whole ground bedding, excavate planting pit, the time is planted in selection and seedling treatment, plant and the step of field management, it is characterized in that:

(1) whole ground bedding step: large plot is divided into some Small burden, the wide 5-6 rice of each Small burden, digs a wide zanjon of 0.8 ~ 1 meter between plot and plot; Soil deep tillage 30 ~ 50cm in plot, cleaning weeds, stone, and use sufficient base fertilizer in conjunction with whole, namely 150 ~ 200kg/ mu cake fertilizer or barnyard manure 1000 ~ 1500kg/ mu of becoming thoroughly decomposed, apply 10 ~ 15kg/ mu phoxim granule and 4 ~ 5kg/ mu carbendazim etc. as soil insect-killing bactericide simultaneously; After using sufficient base manure, raked by soil, doing 4 height in the centre position on distance each 0.5 ~ 1 meter of both sides is 20 ~ 30cm, wide 50 ~ 70cm furrow, the drain ditch staying one 20 ~ 30cm wide between each furrow;

(2) planting pit is excavated: at whole upper berth, plot last layer black mulch film of planting, start to excavate planting pit after fixing surrounding with garden mould; First, be generally 30 ~ 40cm, the degree of depth at the kind plant hole of about 40cm at plantation oil with 4 furrow of tree peony digging diameter, apart 40 ~ 50cm between front and back; Secondly, be generally 40 ~ 60cm, the degree of depth at the pear tree kind plant hole of about 60cm at the local digging diameter nestling up ragged edge two furrow, front and back are at a distance of 2 ~ 3 meters; When digging cave, table soil should be separated with subsoil, to fill out in bottom by table soil when planting, subsoil is filled out on top;

(3) select to plant time and seedling treatment: oil is that late September is to mid-October with the tree peony time of planting; The pear tree time of planting is mid or late November;

(4) field management: the fixed pole height of pear tree is 0.8 ~ 1 meter, 3 major branches of selecting and remain, are eachly no more than 1 ~ 1.5 meter towards the oil major branch length of side, tree peony direction; All the other manage same Routine Management.