CN101536639A - Curcuma wenyujin high yield culture technology - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides curcuma wenyujin high yield culture technology. Compared with the conventional culture technology, the yield of the medicinal material curcuma zedoary produced by the curcuma wenyujin can be improved by 40 to 50 percent and the economic benefit can also be improved by 40 to 50 percent through the processes of the intensive field management such as land selection, land preparation, seed selection, seeding and fertilization, a reasonable planting mode, a scientific pest prevention and control measures, and the like.

Description

Curcuma wenyujin high yield culture technology

One, technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of curcuma wenyujin high yield culture technology, comprise the technologies such as pest control measure of choosing ground, whole ground, seed selection, sowing, fertilising, meticulous field management, rational cropping pattern and science.

Two, background technology

RADIX CURCUMAE has long plantation history, nearly one thousand years, at present, the plantation family of temperature curcuma zedoary main producing region is still according to traditional extensive pattern plants, no science and technology instructs, a lot of nonstandard places are all arranged in each production link, mainly have following problem: the vegetative propagation that (1) is long-term and provenance from numerous, reserve for one's own use and caused planting the aging of ginger, planting the ginger quality standard lacks, it is very general to add the continuous cropping phenomenon, causes that RADIX CURCUMAE deterioration of variety, resistance and disease resistance are relatively poor, output reduces.(2) planting patterns is extensive arbitrarily, as sowing time span big, planting density significant difference etc.Its science, standardization, reasonability have much room for improvement.The existence of above problem causes warm curcuma zedoary medicinal material output to reduce, and then causes economic benefit to reduce.

Three, summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to change in the RADIX CURCUMAE traditional cultivation method not science, irrational place, absorb its elite, make the planting technology of RADIX CURCUMAE have science, standardization and reasonability, so that improve and guarantee the output and the quality of medicinal material that RADIX CURCUMAE produces, and then improve and the assurance economic benefit.

The technical scheme that adopts of the present invention is by each link in the RADIX CURCUMAE culture technique is investigated, analyzed and sums up, and adopt single factor randomized block experiment to design corresponding field cultivation engineering test research, comprise date test, plant ginger comparative trial, fertilizer test, density test and cropping pattern experimental study, each sub-district area is 14.4m ²The concrete technical scheme that draws is: the soil is porous in choosing, and fertile, soil layer is deep, and a year gutless cross RADIX CURCUMAE, the sand loam plantation.With the shallow 20～25cm that ploughs of 1.1～1.3m spacing, form the wide railway carriage or compartment of 1.1～1.3m face before the sowing, should not plough deeply in case root tuber of aromatic turmeric is bored down.Suitable sowing time be mid-March to early April, planting density is about line-spacing 1.1～1.3m, about spacing in the rows 0.3～0.35m, about every mu of several 1600～1800 strains of strain.Select more than the diameter 30mm two, three first-class taproot stems work kind of ginger that length 70mm is above before the sowing.When kind ginger quantity is not enough, can select for use more than the diameter 25mm, the above big tender ginger of length 95mm is done kind of a ginger.The mouldy rhizome of damaging can not be done kind of a ginger.Open shallow ridges at face center, railway carriage or compartment during sowing, put kind of a ginger by spacing in the rows 0.3～0.35m, will plant ginger and lie against in the seed furrow, the bud of planting ginger is towards both sides.Base fertilizer (executing the oil cake 70kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, urea 20kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg for every mu) is spread on space between kind of the ginger, earthing ridging, the high 0.3～0.4m in ridge.RADIX CURCUMAE can be interplanted with crops such as no frame cowpea, soybean, mushroom dishes to the growing period of Feng Hangqian seedling stage, reduces the artificial weeding workload and also significantly improves economic benefit.

After RADIX CURCUMAE is emerged, root tuber of aromatic turmeric leaf, straw etc. can be covered in RADIX CURCUMAE ridge face, prevent and reduce weed growth.Ridging is carried out in conjunction with weeding, carries out altogether 2 times.For the first time, late May to mid-June.For the second time late July to mid-August.After each weeding earth in the furrow is mentioned ridge face ridging, thickness 5～8cm earths up.Topdress as needs, first spraying fertilizer is earthed up again.Topdress based on quick-acting fertilizer urea 30kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu.Divide and to topdress for 2 times, the 1st time by the end of May to early June, consumption 1/3; The 2nd early August be to the middle ten days, consumption 2/3.RADIX CURCUMAE should keep ground moistening vegetative period, carries out and irrigates and drainage measure.The principle of the extermination of disease and insect pest is that the employing integrated control is main, preferentially adopts cultural control method, measure of biotic control and physico mechanical control method, and the chemical control method is as last measure.

Effect of the present invention is can make RADIX CURCUMAE produce warm curcuma zedoary medicinal material output to improve 40%～50%, and economic benefit increases by 40%～50%.

1, date test research

Table 1 date test yield result

Brief summary: as can be known by yield data, each, volume variance was not obvious in sowing time, need estimate in conjunction with the production actual conditions, and carry out analysis-by-synthesis in conjunction with observed field emergence actual conditions, the result shows in advance the sowing time to the RADIX CURCUMAE not appreciable impact of emerging, and delays sowing time easy damaged RADIX CURCUMAE kind ginger tender shoots then.

Comprehensive above situation is thought the best sowing time of RADIX CURCUMAE with tradition sowing time basically identical, and it is comparatively suitable to sow at the beginning of mid-March to 4 month.

2, plant the ginger comparative experimental research

Table 2 kind of ginger comparative trial yield result

Brief summary: result of the test shows that the same major part of little tender ginger, two, three and big tender ginger kind have significant difference, and major part, two, three and big tender ginger there was no significant difference between any two, so take all factors into consideration factor such as kind of Jiang Chengben, think that two, three, big tender ginger are better.

3, fertilizer test research

Table 3 fertilizer test yield result

Brief summary: result of the test shows that output does not have significant difference between the different fertilizer, thus can only be from the production actual conditions, and the complexity that take all factors into consideration fertilizer cost, obtains situations such as (seeing Table 4) is carried out overall merit, thinks that tentatively fertilizer 3 and fertilizer 5 are better.

Table 4 fertilizer cost and the complexity statistical form that obtains

Remarks: 1.40 yuan/kg of oil cake, 0.70 yuan/kg of superphosphate, 1.96 yuan/kg of urea, 10.00 yuan/kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate contains 1.20 yuan/kg of amino acid fertilizer, 2.36 yuan/kg of composite fertilizer.

4, density test research

Table 5 density test yield result (kg/ mu)

Brief summary: density test cell production result is shown that 45cm * 110cm and 35cm * 130cm, 25cm * 130cm have significant difference, do not have significant difference between all the other each processing.Plantation density is 30～35cm * 110～130cm.

5, cropping pattern experimental study

Table 6 cropping pattern test yield result

Crop yield of table 7 cropping pattern and output value statistics

Brief summary: cropping pattern experimental plot result is shown that interplanting kidney bean and the no frame cowpea of interplanting, interplanting mushroom dish have significant difference, all the other each tests do not have statistical significance between handling, it is whether easy to operate etc. to take all factors into consideration interplanting crop economy benefit (seeing Table 7), field management, think that growth neither can cause adverse effect to RADIX CURCUMAE for the no frame cowpea of interplanting, mushroom dish, can obtain certain economic benefits again, and field management is also very convenient.

Four, embodiment

1, choosing ground

Should choose the gutless crop rotation soil of crossing RADIX CURCUMAE of a year.Preferably the soil is porous in selection, fertile, the sand loam that soil layer is deep, and light clay also can in addition.Soil pH neutrality or subacidity.

2, wholely

Form 1.1～1.3m wide railway carriage or compartment face with the shallow 20～25cm that ploughs of 1.1～1.3m spacing spring, should not plough deeply in case root tuber of aromatic turmeric is bored down.

3, sowing time

RADIX CURCUMAE suitable sowing time is that mid-March is to early April.

4, thickness of sowing

The RADIX CURCUMAE planting density is about line-spacing 1.1～1.3m, about spacing in the rows 0.3～0.35m, about every mu of several 1600～1800 strains of strain.

5, planting ginger prepares

Select more than the diameter 30mm two, three first-class taproot stems work kind of ginger that length 70mm is above before the sowing.When kind ginger quantity is not enough, can select for use more than the diameter 25mm, the above big tender ginger of length 95mm is done kind of a ginger.The mouldy rhizome of damaging can not be done kind of a ginger.

6, type of seeding

Open shallow ridges at face center, railway carriage or compartment, put kind of a ginger by spacing in the rows 0.3～0.35m, will plant ginger and lie against in the seed furrow, the bud of planting ginger is towards both sides.Base fertilizer (executing the colza cake 70kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, urea 20kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg for every mu) is spread on space between kind of the ginger, earthing ridging, the high 0.3～0.4m in ridge.

7, cropping pattern

7.1 crop rotation

Advocate shift of crops such as RADIX CURCUMAE and paddy rice, sugarcane, taro, vegetables, reduce the generation of damage by disease and insect.

7.2 intercropping

RADIX CURCUMAE can be interplanted with crops such as no frame cowpea, soybean, mushroom dishes to the growing period of Feng Hangqian seedling stage, reduces the artificial weeding workload and also significantly improves economic benefit.

8, field management

8.1 weeding and ridging

After RADIX CURCUMAE is emerged, root tuber of aromatic turmeric leaf, straw etc. can be covered in RADIX CURCUMAE ridge face, prevent and reduce weed growth.Late May to July, weed growth animated period artificial weeding was 2 times.Can not use chemical herbicide, otherwise cause environmental pollution and the injury of RADIX CURCUMAE plant.

Ridging is carried out in conjunction with weeding, carries out altogether 2 times.For the first time, late May to mid-June.For the second time late July to mid-August.The artificial weeding method is adopted in weeding, uses the hoe uproot weeds, notes not injuring RADIX CURCUMAE terrestrial stem and underground rhizome and root system.After each weeding earth in the furrow is mentioned ridge face ridging, thickness 5～8cm earths up.Topdress as needs, first spraying fertilizer is earthed up again.

8.2 topdress

The RADIX CURCUMAE absorption ability of nutrient is strong, and fertilizer requirement is big, not only will use sufficient base manure, also will use sufficient and topdress.RADIX CURCUMAE topdresses based on quick-acting fertilizer, urea 30kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu.Divide and to topdress for 2 times, the 1st time by the end of May to early June, consumption 1/3; The 2nd early August be to the middle ten days, consumption 2/3.During spraying fertilizer in conjunction with artificial weeding and ridging.

8.3 irrigate and draining

RADIX CURCUMAE generally should keep ground moistening vegetative period, especially 7～September the animated period of growing need moisture more, turn white when surpassing more than 5 days as arid soil water deficient soil surface, should in time irritate horse race water in the morning or at dusk; In the plot that does not have irrigating facility, should be in the morning or at dusk water water pouring (mixing a small amount of people and animals' liquid dung in the water), make soil conservation moistening.Generally no longer pour water after October, keep field curing, be beneficial to results.

Note dredging the drain ditch rainy season and in time get rid of field ponding, field ponding can not be above 2 days.

9, the extermination of disease and insect pest

The principle of the extermination of disease and insect pest is that the employing integrated control is main, preferentially adopts cultural control method, measure of biotic control and physico mechanical control method, and the chemical control method is as last measure.

9.1 root knot nematode disease

Root knot nematode disease is one of main disease of RADIX CURCUMAE, takes place for 7～November, causes yellow leaf, and the edge is dried-up, the serious seedling that falls in advance.

The cultural control method: 1. carry out crop rotation, preferably and the not parasitic crop rotations such as gramineous crop sugarcane of root-knot nematode, to carry out rice field-upland field rotation better with paddy rice; Not with shift of crops or intercropping and interplantings such as the root vegetables of easy infection root-knot nematode, Chinese milk vetch, peanut, potato class, the bighead atractylodes rhizomes; 2. select for use anosis rhizome to do kind of a ginger; 3. increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.

Measure of biotic control: 1. use Paecilomyces lilacinus (nematode is clear) control; 2. gather that the plant fish with nematocidal effect rises, the root of tobacco, sweet-scented oleander, citrus etc. or overground part fry in shallow oil water and irritate nest or mash and be embedded in the plant next door.

The chemical control method: 1. 5% limewash is irritated nest; 2. sow preceding 1 month every mu of usefulness 10% Nemacur 2～4kg and handle soil; The every strain 5～10g of ditch spread 98% dazomet when 3. taking place in a large number.

9.2 root rot

Mostly occur in 6～July.The their early stage lateral root is water stain shape, and the back is dark brown goes rotten, and causes the overground part jaundice, and last complete stool is withered.

Cultural control method: 1. note field drainage rainy season, keep no ponding in the ground; 2. with shift of crops such as gramineous crop and rapes; 3. ted the soil winter, the high ridge cultivation.

Measure of biotic control: 1. 1500～2000 times of liquid of 5406 bacterium powder or wooden removing mildew are irritated nest; 2. irritate nest with the multiple special 1000 times of liquid of root.

Chemical control method: find sporadicly 1. that diseased plant is in time dug out and burn that nest is irritated with 5% limewash in sick cave; Irritate the nest sterilization with 1000 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet or 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim when 2. taking place in a large number, and every mu of usefulness 20～25kg pulverized limestone is spread on the ridge face; 3. with soil insects such as bait control cutworm and grubs, method is seen under the 5.3.5 item.

9.3 ginger is hesperided

Have another name called the bract worm, the larva blade of causing harm causes and incises and hole, and general year's harvest harm is not serious.The outburst harm of minority time is serious slightly.

The cultural control method: if 1. the season of growth take place in a large number, dry branches and fallen leaves is burnt in the thoroughly cleaning rural area, back of then gathering, and eliminates the worm's ovum of surviving the winter, and reduces the insect population radix; 2. manual catching and killing worm bud.

Physical control: 100～150m spacing is provided with black light lamp trapping adult.

The chemical control method: the larva initial stage of origination is killed with 800～1000 times of liquid sprayings of 90% crystal chlorophos.

Claims (5)

1, choosing ground and whole ground

Should choose the gutless crop rotation soil of crossing RADIX CURCUMAE of a year.Preferably the soil is porous in selection, fertile, the flood land sand loam that soil layer is deep, and the flood land is good, and light clay also can in addition.Soil pH neutrality or subacidity.Form 1.1～1.2m wide railway carriage or compartment face with the shallow 20～25cm that ploughs of 1.1～1.2m spacing spring, should not plough deeply in case root tuber of aromatic turmeric is bored down.

2, sowing

RADIX CURCUMAE suitable sowing time is that mid-March is to early April.The RADIX CURCUMAE planting density is about line-spacing 1.1～1.3m, about spacing in the rows 0.3～0.35m, about every mu of several 1600～1800 strains of strain.

3, planting ginger prepares

Select before the sowing more than the diameter 30mm, taproot stems such as length 70mm above two, three, four-head are done kind of a ginger.When kind ginger quantity is not enough, can select for use more than the diameter 25mm, the above big tender ginger of length 95mm is done kind of a ginger.The mouldy rhizome of damaging can not be done kind of a ginger.

4, fertilizer

Base fertilizer is every mu and executes the colza cake 70kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, urea 20kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg, imposes on space between kind of the ginger during sowing, earthing ridging, the high 0.3～0.4m in ridge; Topdress and be urea 30kg/ mu, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 5kg/ mu.Divide and to topdress for 2 times, the 1st time by the end of May to early June, consumption 1/3; The 2nd early August be to the middle ten days, consumption 2/3.During spraying fertilizer in conjunction with artificial weeding and ridging.

5, the extermination of disease and insect pest

The principle of the extermination of disease and insect pest is that the employing integrated control is main, preferentially adopts cultural control method, measure of biotic control and physico mechanical control method, and the chemical control method is as last measure.

5.1 root knot nematode disease

Root knot nematode disease is one of main disease of RADIX CURCUMAE, takes place for 7～November, causes yellow leaf, and the edge is dried-up, the serious seedling that falls in advance.

The cultural control method: 1. carry out crop rotation, preferably and the not parasitic crop rotations such as gramineous crop sugarcane of root-knot nematode, to carry out rice field-upland field rotation better with paddy rice; Not with shift of crops or intercropping and interplantings such as the root vegetables of easy infection root-knot nematode, Chinese milk vetch, peanut, potato class, the bighead atractylodes rhizomes; 2. select for use anosis rhizome to do kind of a ginger; 3. increasing application phosphorus potassium fertilizer.

Measure of biotic control: 1. use Paecilomyces lilacinus (nematode is clear) control; 2. gather that the plant fish with nematocidal effect rises, the root of tobacco, sweet-scented oleander, citrus etc. or overground part fry in shallow oil water and irritate nest or mash and be embedded in the plant next door.

The chemical control method: 1. 5% limewash is irritated nest; 2. sow preceding 1 month every mu of usefulness 10% Nemacur 2～4kg and handle soil; The every strain 5～10g of ditch spread 98% dazomet when 3. taking place in a large number.

5.2 root rot

Mostly occur in 6～July.The their early stage lateral root is water stain shape, and the back is dark brown goes rotten, and causes the overground part jaundice, and last complete stool is withered.

Cultural control method: 1. note field drainage rainy season, keep no ponding in the ground; 2. with shift of crops such as gramineous crop and rapes; 3. ted the soil winter, the high ridge cultivation.

Measure of biotic control: 1. 1500～2000 times of liquid of 5406 bacterium powder or wooden removing mildew are irritated nest; 2. irritate nest with the multiple special 1000 times of liquid of root.

Chemical control method: find sporadicly 1. that diseased plant is in time dug out and burn that nest is irritated with 5% limewash in sick cave; Irritate the nest sterilization with 1000 times of liquid of 50% Tuzet or 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazim when 2. taking place in a large number, and every mu of usefulness 20～25kg pulverized limestone is spread on the ridge face; 3. with soil insects such as bait control cutworm and grubs, method is seen under the 5.3.5 item.

5.3 ginger is hesperided

Have another name called the bract worm, the larva blade of causing harm causes and incises and hole, and general year's harvest harm is not serious.The outburst harm of minority time is serious slightly.

The cultural control method: if 1. the season of growth take place in a large number, dry branches and fallen leaves is burnt in the thoroughly cleaning rural area, back of then gathering, and eliminates the worm's ovum of surviving the winter, and reduces the insect population radix; 2. manual catching and killing worm bud.

Physical control: 100～150m spacing is provided with black light lamp trapping adult.

The chemical control method: the larva initial stage of origination is killed with 800～1000 times of liquid sprayings of 90% crystal chlorophos.