CN103314734A - High-quality and high-production cultivating technology of cane shoots - Google Patents
High-quality and high-production cultivating technology of cane shoots Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-quality and high-production cultivating technology of cane shoots, which comprises the steps of soil selection and preparation, germchit preparation, field planting, field management and harvest. According to the invention, before the field planting of cane shoots, sterilization treatment is performed on the soil by adopting quick lime, garlic dreg powder, tea bran powder and wood vinegar, so that the growing environment of cane shoots is purified, and the fertility of soil is improved at the same time; during the topdressing process, home-made slow-release organic granular fertilizer is applied, the fertilizer efficiency is more durable, and a large amount of fertilizer does not run away caused by climatic change, so that the fertilizer efficiency is greatly improved, the soil is improved at the same time, and the soil is prevented from hardening. The cultivating method is simple and feasible, low in cost, and high in yield coefficient; the cane shoots are convenient to manage, and applicable to large-scale cultivation; through large-area popularization, the quality and yield of cane shoots can be greatly improved and stabilized, so that the high-quality and high-production cultivating technology of cane shoots has prominent social, economic and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques, belong to the agriculture cultivation technology field.
Background technology
Wild rice stem has another name called hay bamboo shoot, hay melon, wormwood artemisia fragrant plant etc., is the distinctive a kind of aquatic vegetable of China, cultivation history more than 2000 year.The edible part of wild rice stem is the abnormal tender stem of meat, is after plant is subjected to wild rice smut parasitism, and stem apex is stimulated by germ secretion heteroauxin, and deformity is expanded and formed.The moisture 91-96% of wild rice stem fleshy stem, protein 1.0-1.6%, fat 0.3%, carbohydrate 1.8-5.7%, raw fiber 0.7-1.1%, and Vc and mineral matter etc.Particularly also contain 18 seed amino acids such as glutamic acid, asparatate, comprise several seed amino acids of needed by human, nutritious, local flavor is delicious, is called one of " south of the River three large famous dishes ".Wild rice stem is thought the effects such as " can go the flighty and impatient heat of chest " " cook cough-relieving and children's's heat are write and let out " at traditional Chinese medicine.So wild rice stem also is the food that medical value is arranged.
Wild rice stem distributes very wide in Chinese cultivated, the main producing region is each province, municipality directly under the Central Government and autonomous region on the south the Yangtze river basin, and Shandong, Hebei, Henan and Shaanxi Zhu Sheng have a small amount of cultivation.7-9 month wild rice stem demand is large, adopts traditional culture technique, and Water Bamboo Yield is low, and quality is not good, demand that can't satisfying the market.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques is provided, improve output and the quality of wild rice stem.
The technical solution used in the present invention is as follows:
A kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques may further comprise the steps:
(1) the whole ground of selection of land
Select that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, layer depth thick fertile, be rich in organic field plantation wild rice stem, planted front 1 month, mu is executed quicklime 100-120kg, garlic residue powder 50-60kg, tea bran powder 20-30kg, pyroligneous liquor 40-50kg carry out soil disinfection and regulate P in soil H value to 6.0-6.5; Then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu is executed farm organic fertilizer 1500-2000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100-150kg, rock phosphate 40-60kg, alum powder 20-30, potassium sulphate 10-15kg, ploughs and rakes, and requires tilling depth 20-30cm, and fertilizer and soil are mixed;
(2) seedling is prepared
The good maternal plant clump that to choose autumn has dug, and the subterranean stem section is also stayed the excision of 1-2 joint, will post the rice seedling bed and rake, and keeps depth of water 1-2cm, executes the night soil 400-500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu and makes base manure, then presses line-spacing 40-50cm, and clump is posted cultivation apart from 15-20cm;
(3) field planting
April early and middle ten days, hay height of seedling 18-22cm, field planting in the time of temperature 13-15 ℃ is taken out maternal plant from posting the rice seedling bed, be divided into little pier, require every little pier all to be with old stem, and healthy seedling 3-5 strain is arranged, press line-spacing 80-100cm, the standard of spacing in the rows 40-50cm is planted, and Planting Densities is 2.5-3.0 ten thousand pier/mus;
(4) field management
1. topdress
Behind the wild rice stem field planting 10-15d, namely turning green enters tillering stage, early sends out multiple for impelling effective tiller, and should topdress this moment, execute slow-releasing granules fertilizer 2000-2500kg for every mu, another time topdressed and executed quinhydrones coated carbamide 250-300kg, potassium chloride 80-100kg every mu of early August;
2. depth of water management
Setting date depth of water 3-5 cm, the 5-10cm in early stage of tillering, the later stage of tillering adds gradually and is deep to 10-12cm, 7-8 month high temperature season 10-15 cm, summer and autumn, many heavy rains were noted draining, did not make water logging cross the wild rice stem eye, autumn hay water level picking time is advisable with 4-5cm;
3. weed the fields, weeding, beat Lao Ye
Begin the weeding of weeding the fields after field planting survives, 8-10d carries out 1 time, and 2-3 time altogether, tiller the later stage, namely since the early and middle ten days in July, remove the strong yellow leaf from leaf sheath base, weeds, strong yellow leaf all should tread in the mud;
4. seed selection in autumn
Selection criterion is: ashless hay and male hay in the hay pier, and variety characteristic is obvious, the more and neat and consistent of knot hay, a kind of sedge pipe is relatively low; Select the maternal plant clump to perform mark in the reply, grow seedlings as posting seedling, then should in time remove for grey hay, robust hay and different product plant;
(5) sick worm control of weeds
Insect pest can be used the trappings such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, double wave lamp, the also trapping such as available insect sex pheromone, also can utilize hay duck cover to support technology, can obviously suppress insect pest, carry out the rural area cleaning, improve permeability between strain, in time remove wild rice stem plant residue and limit, field weeds, to wild rice stem damage by disease and insect successfuls such as control wild rice stem snout moth's larva, long green plant hopper, wild rice hair eye ephydrid, wild rice stem oriental sesame leaf pinta, wild rice stem rust and Water Bamboo Sheath Blights;
(6) gather
Wild rice stem leaf sheath base cracking, when exposing white hay meat, be suitable picking time, be that mid or late September is to mid or late October hay picking time in autumn, autumn of gathering twists into two parts careful at a kind of sedge pipe middle part during hay, can not injure root system in order to avoid affect growth in the 2nd year, gather concentrate the reservoir water cleaning classification arrangement pack with running water or cleaning to get final product with the shell wild rice stem.
The preparation method of described slow-releasing granules fertilizer is as follows:
(1) press the row weight portion and take by weighing raw material:
Excrement of animals 100-150, attapulgite 30-50, oil foot 15-20, alum powder 10-20, sepiolite powder 5-10, bamboo bits 20-30, corn flour 30-40, wintergreen 10-20, Chinese medicine slag 10-15, sodium alginate 20-30, polyvinyl alcohol 10-15;
(2) excrement of animals, corn flour, bamboo bits and Chinese medicine slag are mixed, adds an amount of water, controlled humidity is 40-45%, after stirring, in the 25-35 ℃ of lower seal 10-15d that ferments, contains vinosity and is and ferments successfully until be destitute of smell;
(3) above-mentioned fermentation product and attapulgite are mixed, add the making beating of an amount of water, concentration is controlled at 60-65%, and then 2000-3000rpm centrifugal dehydration 10-15min carries out freeze drying and process under-5-~-2 ℃, and being dried to water content is 3-5%;
(4) after the lyophilized products that step (3) is made and alum powder, sepiolite powder mix, add oil foot and wintergreen, 2000-3000rpm high speed dispersion 10-20min;
(5) get sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose mixes, then add 3-5 times of water, after stirring mucus is sprayed equably on the dispersion that step (4) makes, granulation, oven dry namely gets the slow-releasing granules fertilizer.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention adopts quicklime, garlic residue powder, tea bran powder and pyroligneous liquor that disinfecting soil is processed before the field planting of hay kind, has purified the growing environment of wild rice stem, has also improved the fertility of soil simultaneously; The present invention topdresses in the process, uses homemade slowly-releasing organic granular fertilizer, and its fertilizer efficiency is more lasting, can greatly not improve the fertilizer efficiency rate of fertilizer because the caused fertilizer of climatic variation runs off in a large number, can also improve soil simultaneously, keeps soil from packing together.Cultivation method of the present invention is simple, and cost is low, and yield is high, convenient management, is fit to extensive cultivation, by spread, can improve significantly the quality and yield with stable wild rice stem, has significant social benefit, economic benefit and ecological benefits.
Embodiment
A kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques may further comprise the steps:
(1) the whole ground of selection of land
Select that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, layer depth thick fertile, be rich in organic field plantation wild rice stem, planted front 1 month, mu is executed quicklime 100kg, garlic residue powder 50kg, tea bran powder 20kg, pyroligneous liquor 40kg carry out soil disinfection and regulate P in soil H value to 6.2; Then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu is executed farm organic fertilizer 1500kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100kg, rock phosphate 40kg, alum powder 20, potassium sulphate 10kg, ploughs and rakes, and requires tilling depth 25cm, and fertilizer and soil are mixed;
(2) seedling is prepared
The good maternal plant clump that to choose autumn has dug, and the subterranean stem section is also stayed 2 joint excisions, will post the rice seedling bed and rake, and keeps depth of water 1.5cm, executes the night soil 450kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu and makes base manure, then presses line-spacing 50cm, and clump is posted cultivation apart from 20cm;
(3) field planting
April early and middle ten days, field planting when hay height of seedling 20cm, 14 ℃ of temperature is taken out maternal plant from posting the rice seedling bed, is divided into little pier, requires every little pier all to be with old stem, and healthy seedling 4 strains are arranged, and presses line-spacing 100cm, the standard of spacing in the rows 50cm is planted, Planting Densities is 2.8 ten thousand pier/mus;
(4) field management
1. topdress
Behind the wild rice stem field planting 12d, namely turning green enters tillering stage, early sends out multiple for impelling effective tiller, and should topdress this moment, executes slow-releasing granules fertilizer 2000kg for every mu, and another time topdressed and executed quinhydrones coated carbamide 250kg, potassium chloride 80kg every mu of early August;
2. depth of water management
Setting date depth of water 4cm, the 8cm in early stage of tillering, the later stage of tillering adds gradually and is deep to 10cm, 7-8 month high temperature season 12 cm, summer and autumn, many heavy rains were noted draining, did not make water logging cross the wild rice stem eye, autumn hay water level picking time is advisable with 5cm;
3. weed the fields, weeding, beat Lao Ye
Begin the weeding of weeding the fields after field planting survives, 8d carries out 1 time, and totally 2 times, tiller the later stage, namely since the early and middle ten days in July, remove the strong yellow leaf from leaf sheath base, weeds, strong yellow leaf all should tread in the mud;
4. seed selection in autumn
Selection criterion is: ashless hay and male hay in the hay pier, and variety characteristic is obvious, the more and neat and consistent of knot hay, a kind of sedge pipe is relatively low; Select the maternal plant clump to perform mark in the reply, grow seedlings as posting seedling, then should in time remove for grey hay, robust hay and different product plant;
(5) sick worm control of weeds
Insect pest can be used the trappings such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, double wave lamp, the also trapping such as available insect sex pheromone, also can utilize hay duck cover to support technology, can obviously suppress insect pest, carry out the rural area cleaning, improve permeability between strain, in time remove wild rice stem plant residue and limit, field weeds, to wild rice stem damage by disease and insect successfuls such as control wild rice stem snout moth's larva, long green plant hopper, wild rice hair eye ephydrid, wild rice stem oriental sesame leaf pinta, wild rice stem rust and Water Bamboo Sheath Blights;
(6) gather
Wild rice stem leaf sheath base cracking, when exposing white hay meat, be suitable picking time, be that mid or late September is to mid or late October hay picking time in autumn, autumn of gathering twists into two parts careful at a kind of sedge pipe middle part during hay, can not injure root system in order to avoid affect growth in the 2nd year, gather concentrate the reservoir water cleaning classification arrangement pack with running water or cleaning to get final product with the shell wild rice stem.
Wherein, the preparation method of described slow-releasing granules fertilizer is as follows:
(1) press column weight amount (kilogram) and take by weighing raw material:
Excrement of animals 100, attapulgite 30, oil foot 15, alum powder 10, sepiolite powder 8, bamboo bits 25, corn flour 30, wintergreen 15, Chinese medicine slag 10, sodium alginate 20, polyvinyl alcohol 10;
(2) excrement of animals, corn flour, bamboo bits and Chinese medicine slag are mixed, adds an amount of water, controlled humidity is 45%, after stirring, in 30 ℃ of lower seals 12d that ferment, contains vinosity and is and ferments successfully until be destitute of smell;
(3) above-mentioned fermentation product and attapulgite are mixed, add an amount of water making beating, concentration is controlled at 65%, 3000rpm centrifugal dehydration 10min, then carries out freeze drying and process under-3 ℃, and being dried to water content is 4%;
(4) after the lyophilized products that step (3) is made and alum powder, sepiolite powder mix, add oil foot and wintergreen, 3000rpm high speed dispersion 10min;
(5) get sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose mixes, then add 4 times of water, after stirring mucus is sprayed equably on the dispersion that step (4) makes, granulation, oven dry namely gets the slow-releasing granules fertilizer.
The wild rice stem product that utilizes above-mentioned complex art to produce is compared with the wild rice stem product that conventional method plants, and has following advantage:
Claims (2)
1. wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) the whole ground of selection of land
Select that sunny, irrigation and drainage are convenient, layer depth thick fertile, be rich in organic field plantation wild rice stem, planted front 1 month, mu is executed quicklime 100-120kg, garlic residue powder 50-60kg, tea bran powder 20-30kg, pyroligneous liquor 40-50kg carry out soil disinfection and regulate P in soil H value to 6.0-6.5; Then use sufficient base fertilizer, mu is executed farm organic fertilizer 1500-2000kg, nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 100-150kg, rock phosphate 40-60kg, alum powder 20-30, potassium sulphate 10-15kg, ploughs and rakes, and requires tilling depth 20-30cm, and fertilizer and soil are mixed;
(2) seedling is prepared
The good maternal plant clump that to choose autumn has dug, and the subterranean stem section is also stayed the excision of 1-2 joint, will post the rice seedling bed and rake, and keeps depth of water 1-2cm, executes the night soil 400-500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu and makes base manure, then presses line-spacing 40-50cm, and clump is posted cultivation apart from 15-20cm;
(3) field planting
April early and middle ten days, hay height of seedling 18-22cm, field planting in the time of temperature 13-15 ℃ is taken out maternal plant from posting the rice seedling bed, be divided into little pier, require every little pier all to be with old stem, and healthy seedling 3-5 strain is arranged, press line-spacing 80-100cm, the standard of spacing in the rows 40-50cm is planted, and Planting Densities is 2.5-3.0 ten thousand pier/mus;
(4) field management
1. topdress
Behind the wild rice stem field planting 10-15d, namely turning green enters tillering stage, early sends out multiple for impelling effective tiller, and should topdress this moment, execute slow-releasing granules fertilizer 2000-2500kg for every mu, another time topdressed and executed quinhydrones coated carbamide 250-300kg, potassium chloride 80-100kg every mu of early August;
2. depth of water management
Setting date depth of water 3-5 cm, the 5-10cm in early stage of tillering, the later stage of tillering adds gradually and is deep to 10-12cm, 7-8 month high temperature season 10-15 cm, summer and autumn, many heavy rains were noted draining, did not make water logging cross the wild rice stem eye, autumn hay water level picking time is advisable with 4-5cm;
3. weed the fields, weeding, beat Lao Ye
Begin the weeding of weeding the fields after field planting survives, 8-10d carries out 1 time, and 2-3 time altogether, tiller the later stage, namely since the early and middle ten days in July, remove the strong yellow leaf from leaf sheath base, weeds, strong yellow leaf all should tread in the mud;
4. seed selection in autumn
Selection criterion is: ashless hay and male hay in the hay pier, and variety characteristic is obvious, the more and neat and consistent of knot hay, a kind of sedge pipe is relatively low; Select the maternal plant clump to perform mark in the reply, grow seedlings as posting seedling, then should in time remove for grey hay, robust hay and different product plant;
(5) sick worm control of weeds
Insect pest can be used the trappings such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, double wave lamp, the also trapping such as available insect sex pheromone, also can utilize hay duck cover to support technology, can obviously suppress insect pest, carry out the rural area cleaning, improve permeability between strain, in time remove wild rice stem plant residue and limit, field weeds, to wild rice stem damage by disease and insect successfuls such as control wild rice stem snout moth's larva, long green plant hopper, wild rice hair eye ephydrid, wild rice stem oriental sesame leaf pinta, wild rice stem rust and Water Bamboo Sheath Blights;
(6) gather
Wild rice stem leaf sheath base cracking, when exposing white hay meat, be suitable picking time, be that mid or late September is to mid or late October hay picking time in autumn, autumn of gathering twists into two parts careful at a kind of sedge pipe middle part during hay, can not injure root system in order to avoid affect growth in the 2nd year, gather concentrate the reservoir water cleaning classification arrangement pack with running water or cleaning to get final product with the shell wild rice stem.
2. a kind of wild rice stem high quality and yield cultivation techniques according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the preparation method of described slow-releasing granules fertilizer is as follows:
(1) press the row weight portion and take by weighing raw material:
Excrement of animals 100-150, attapulgite 30-50, oil foot 15-20, alum powder 10-20, sepiolite powder 5-10, bamboo bits 20-30, corn flour 30-40, wintergreen 10-20, Chinese medicine slag 10-15, sodium alginate 20-30, polyvinyl alcohol 10-15;
(2) excrement of animals, corn flour, bamboo bits and Chinese medicine slag are mixed, adds an amount of water, controlled humidity is 40-45%, after stirring, in the 25-35 ℃ of lower seal 10-15d that ferments, contains vinosity and is and ferments successfully until be destitute of smell;
(3) above-mentioned fermentation product and attapulgite are mixed, add the making beating of an amount of water, concentration is controlled at 60-65%, and then 2000-3000rpm centrifugal dehydration 10-15min carries out freeze drying and process under-5-~-2 ℃, and being dried to water content is 3-5%;
(4) after the lyophilized products that step (3) is made and alum powder, sepiolite powder mix, add oil foot and wintergreen, 2000-3000rpm high speed dispersion 10-20min;
(5) get sodium alginate and carboxymethyl cellulose mixes, then add 3-5 times of water, after stirring mucus is sprayed equably on the dispersion that step (4) makes, granulation, oven dry namely gets the slow-releasing granules fertilizer.
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