CN105613024A - Organic cultivation and rotation method for watermelons, rice and water chestnuts in spring and summer - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an organic cultivation and rotation method for watermelons, rice and water chestnuts in spring and summer and relates to the technical field of rotation cropping.The method comprises the steps that 1, an organic cultivation production base is built; 2, cultivation is performed in the following rotation pattern: watermelons, late rice and astragalus smicus are sequentially cultivated in spring and summer in the first year, early rice and water chestnuts are sequentially cultivated in the second year, and two years is a rotation cycle; 3, according to the quality requirements on organic agricultural products and production technological specifications, organic watermelons, organic rice (late rice and early rice) and organic water chestnuts are cultivated, and soil fertilization is realized by means of straw turnover and wet composting of organic fertilizer and planting green manure.Through the organic cultivation and rotation method, cultivation of organic watermelons, organic water chestnuts and organic rice can be carried out in the same organic cultivation production base, the method is an efficient, ecological and cyclic agricultural cultivation method, and the method is scientific and reasonable in technology, high in practicability and operability and suitable for large-scale organic cultivation and has a broad application and popularization prospect in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River.

Description

A kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method

Technical field

The invention belongs to crop rotation technical field of cultivation, it is specifically related to a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method.

Background technology

First Organic farming is proposed the twenties in 20th century by European countries, through the practice and development of decades, is progressively subject to the attention of national governments. Organic farming is one of good approach solving food-safety problem, is described as " sunrise industry ", has wide market outlook. Organic farm products is the food of pure natural, pollution-free, safe nutrition, is also referred to as " ecological food ", and it is produced according to Organic farming principle and the organic farm products mode of production and standard, and by the agricultural-food of Organic food certification authority certification. So organic farming must be produced according to the specification of quality of organic farm products and production specifications, whole production process prohibits the use the artificial chemistry synthetics such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weedicide, hormone, do not use genetic engineering technique, to ensure that its product is pollution-free, to be rich in nutrition and the feature of high-quality. China set up " State Environmental Protection Administration's Organic food development " center "; Organic farming development in recent years is rapidly; the world trends of Organic farming improves agroecological environment owing to having complied with, production high-quality is pollution-free Organic food; so organic farming is paid attention to day by day, and progressively developed into a kind of emerging sunrise industry in 1994. Along with the development of society and improving constantly of living standards of the people, human consumer is more and more higher to the quality requirements of agricultural-food. Particularly along with people are to the growing interest of food sanitation safe, Organic food has become the fashion of people's consumption. The production of the agricultural-food such as organic watermelons of development high-quality, not only can improve the economic benefit of the producer, and can be human consumer's physical and mental health and provide safeguard.

Watermelon (Citrulluslanatus) occupies the 4th in the big fruit in the world ten, China is the production and supplyment big country of watermelon, watermelon year gather in the crops area and reach 221.25 ten thousand hectares, production area and consumption account for more than 1/2 (Sun little Wu of world's total amount, Zhang Xian, Ma Yue, etc. China's seedless watermelon research and apply. Beijing: Chinese agriculture press, 2009 years). watermelon, as a kind of important efficient economy crop, plays an important role in China's Planter industry structure adjustment and promotion farmer richness increase income. watermelon be happiness temperature, happiness light, happiness water but be afraid of to wet, require the crop of stain dry, not resistance to, not only poor growth under the overcast and rainy weather condition of low temperature, and disease and pest harm is serious. although adopting the facility cultivations such as booth, area, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River low temperature rainy weather in early spring can be overcome many, at the end of spring and the beginning of summer many heavy rains, the continuous rainfall weather of plum rain season is how big with atmospheric moisture, the dry season of It is the end of summer, just turning into autumn, the impact of outdoor cropping watermelon is reduced the risk of watermelon outdoor cropping by the unfavourable weather condition such as typhoon and heavy rain, facility cultivation is by regulating booth temperature, humidity, covered with plastic film and sunshade net are taken shelter from rain, the aggregate measures such as sunshade cultivation, control temperature and atmospheric moisture well, can create and be conducive to watermelon growing to grow and be unfavorable for the envrionment conditions that disease and pest occurs, but the requirement of organic farming not only cannot be reached during the general facility cultivation of watermelon owing to using chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals more, and there is certain difficulty owing to carrying out crop rotation, the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as watermelon blight is more serious, easily there is soil continuous cropping obstacle, thus cause the underproduction even to occur cultivating unsuccessfully, so the organic farming of watermelon is little at present. the contribution of the kind method for planting (application number 201410700204.6, application publication number CN104472172A) of a kind of organic watermelons is, it is proposed that the organic farming of watermelon, its defect is, this organic watermelons kind method for planting employs chemical agent 10% Di-Sodium Phosphate solution soaking seed 10��15 minutes, is not organic farming truly. continuous cropping avoided by watermelon, if plant watermelon in same plot year after year, pathogenic bacteria can be caused to accumulate on the one hand, cause the soil-borne diseases such as blight serious, on the other hand owing to watermelon root system absorbs identical nutritive substance in close soil layer, continuous cropping can cause soil to lack some element, it is easy to continuous cropping obstacle occurs. although the generation selecting disease-resistant variety and adopt grafting cultivation can prevent and treat the soil-borne diseases such as blight to a great extent and alleviate soil continuous cropping obstacle, but can not fundamentally solve the problem of soil continuous cropping obstacle. therefore, the wheel that must formulate science during watermelon organic farming is made a plan fertilizing soil and the disease and pest radix reduced in soil, effectively to prevent and treat the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as watermelon blight and soil continuous cropping obstacle. organic Small-sized watermelon cultivation technique (Xiao Guanghui etc. organic Small-sized watermelon cultivation technique. vegetables, 2012 (6): 6-9) contribution is, adopt rice field-upland field rotation cultivation mode: spring and summer, watermelon late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure (the 1st year) early rice watermelon summer and autumn dish was with Peas (the 2nd year), adopted facility cultivation can realize the organic farming of Small-sized watermelon, its defect is, although it is compare effective and common rotation system that watermelon carries out rice field-upland field rotation with paddy rice, but produce one batch of watermelon (spring and summer stubble or autumn in summer stubble) every year in same piece of land, each batch of watermelon and one batch of paddy rice crop rotation, owing to the crop rotation time is too short, the generation of disease and pest is still relatively more serious, there is bigger risk in cultivation, and facility cultivation must be adopted could to obtain the cultivation success of organic Small-sized watermelon, if changing each batch of watermelon and many batches of paddy rice crop rotations into, then rotation system is not only more dull, and the utilization ratio of facility is too low, economic benefit is not high.

Water chestnut (Eleocharisdulcis) has another name called water chestnut, Shui Li, Di Li, a kind of wild plant, the subteranean stem of which is like water chestnut etc., belong to Cyperaceae Eleocharis, it is shallow water perennial root herbaceous plant, do fruit or vegetables with underground bulb and eat, can eat raw or prepared food, also can process canning or make to extract the raw material of starch. Water chestnut has the good effects of heat-clearing and fire-purging, both can clearing heat and promoting fluid, nutrition can be supplemented again, there is removing pattogenic heat from the blood and toxic material from the body, diuresis defaecation, Cleering damp and dissolving phlegm, help digestion the effects such as de-swelling, diabetes being urinated many persons and has certain auxiliary therapeutic action, " puchiin " in water chestnut has the effect falling blood pressure and anti-curing cancers. Water chestnut also has the function of prevention acute infectious disease, and in the spring that measles, epidemic meningitis more easily occur, water chestnut is good diseases prevention food. Water chestnut is general in the cultivation of Yangtze valley each province, economizes cultivation with Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Guangdong, Guangxi, Anhui, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi etc. more. Water chestnut color of the leather purple is black, meat is pure white, the crisp taste of matter is sweet, how tasty and refreshing juice is, nutritious, is rich in various mineral element and VITAMIN, the amino acid of needed by human body, containing protein, fat, robust fibre, carotene, vitamins B, vitamins C, iron, calcium, phosphorus and carbohydrate etc., the good reputation from ancient times having underground snow pear, what northerner looked is south of the River ginseng, therefore cultivates the better economic benefit of water chestnut. The not resistance to continuous cropping of water chestnut, many in rice terrace crop rotation water chestnut, but the economic benefit of water chestnut and paddy rice crop rotation is lower, water chestnut and watermelon carry out rice field-upland field rotation, then not only better economic benefit, and Soil structure, culture fertility can also be improved, reduce the occurrence degree of disease pest and weed, reduce agriculture chemical consumption, can improve product quality and yield, it is thus possible to significantly improve economic benefit (Li Shuanmei etc. the efficient cultivation mode of Hubei province water chestnut. the Changjiang river vegetables, 2014 (23): 36-38).

Paddy rice (Oryzasativa) is the most important food crop in the Yangtze valley, is also carry out rice field-upland field rotation with vegetables such as watermelons and carry out the staple crop of crop rotation cultivation with aquatic vegetables such as water chestnuts. Although the production method of current organic rice have multiple (see Xia Lili etc. precious should area organic paddy rice cultivation technique. modern agriculture science and technology, 2013 (23): 58,63; A production method for high-yield organic rice, CN103733929B; A production technology for organic fragrant rice, CN103250606B), but mostly because not adopting scientific and reasonable crop rotation and fertility cultivation, the problem that there is fertilizer deficiency and growing way is poor, output is low, Pest organism harm is heavy all in various degree. Although paddy rice is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but owing to the production of organic rice can not use chemical agent to prevent and treat, long-term continuous cropping also can cause the accumulation of field pathogenic bacteria and the increase of population density, although have employed the generation being controlled field insect pest by methods such as duck-raising enclosed paddy fields, soft-shelled turtle, shrimp and fishes, have employed the control that the multiple methods such as Chinese herbal medicine fluid is soaked seed, plant insecticide prevention sprays carry out disease and pest, but occur the more serious time also to there will be the uncontrollable problem of disease and pest at disease and pest, thus cause the serious underproduction, even occur cultivating unsuccessfully. Therefore, paddy rice organic farming is also necessary to carry out scientific and reasonable crop rotation, particularly carries out rice field-upland field rotation.

Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) (Astragalussinicus) has another name called Semen astragali sinici, is leguminous plants, is important green manure crop. The nitrogen fixing capacity of Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) is strong, Nitrogen utility efficiency is higher, plant corruption is very big to the booster dose of soil nitrogen when separating, thus when waiting nitrogen quantity, the effect of increasing production of rear work is stronger than the green manure crop such as sweet potato, broad bean, plantation green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) maintains farmland nitrogen cycle in south China farmland ecosystem and has great significance in Organic farming.

Summary of the invention

It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method, scientific and reasonable rice field-upland field rotation is carried out by spring and summer stubble watermelon and field crop paddy rice and efficient aquatic crop water chestnut, Weed infestation can be reduced, that destroys sick worm source grows environment to reduce the occurrence degree of disease and pest, improving soil fertility structure, promote the reparation of edatope, watermelon and water chestnut crop rotation can also be increased economic efficiency; Simultaneously by heap after climing for melon or straw collecting being made after interplanting green manure crop Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) and every batch of crop harvesting fertilizer or goes back the measures such as field fertilizing soil on the spot, achieve the recovery of organic matter, improve soil fertility, the benign cycle of crop cultivation can be formed, to maintain balance and the species diversity of farmland ecosystem, thus reach the object of watermelon organic farming. " Organic food technical specifications " (HJ/T80-2001) that this organic farming alternating method is promulgated in strict accordance with State Environmental Protection Administration cultivates; it is possible not only in same organic farming production base realize organic watermelons cultivation, it is also possible to realize the cultivation of organic water chestnut and organic paddy rice.

A kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method, comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up;

(2) adopting following rotation system to cultivate: within the 1st year, to cultivate successively: spring and summer stubble watermelon late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), within the 2nd year, cultivate successively: early rice water chestnut, a crop rotation cycle is 2 years;

(3) organic watermelons, organic paddy rice (late rice and early rice) and the cultivation of organic water chestnut is carried out according to the specification of quality of organic farm products and production specifications, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer and plantation green manure fertilizing soil.

Organic farming production base described in step (1) is traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial district, ecological condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from refuse tip and other source of pollution and traffic trunk main, and there are the agricultural producing areas of Sustainable Production ability, soil environment quality requires the secondary standard being not less than in " soil environment quality standard " (GB15618-1995), irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), the secondary standard that ambient air quality is not less than in " ambient air quality " (GB3095-2012), the cultivated area of each organic farming production base is not less than 10 hectares, and production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and there are obvious isolation strip or buffering band in organic production base and conventional boundary place, production plot.

Described organic farming comprises following measure:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use the artificial chemistry synthetic comprising agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weedicide, hormone or growth regulator, do not use genetic engineering technique and product thereof, to maintain balance and the species diversity of farmland ecosystem;

Whole cultivation only allows application of organic fertilizers, plantation green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil, use one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed, except using animal excrement and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, potassium ore deposit powder, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride can also be used, also can use the organic fertilizer through the certification of Organic certification mechanism and microbial fertilizer;

The control of disease pest and weed is implemented and " is puted prevention first, integrated control " plant protection policy, from the ecosystem of whole farmland production environment, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, creation is unfavorable for that disease pest and weed grows, be conducive to the envrionment conditions that all kinds of natural enemy is multiplied, reduce the loss that disease pest and weed causes, based on agricultural synthesis control, adopt biological and physical method control, the agricultural chemicals of synthetic is not used to carry out chemical prevention, when there being disease and pest to occur, can utilize and allow the mineral substance used or plant medical agent to carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use tubatoxin with limitation, the pyrethrum of plant origin, emulsified vegetable oil and diatomite, and microorganism and preparation thereof are such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carries out the control of disease and pest, also sulphur can be used with limitation, lime, lime sulfur mixture, the prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as Bordeaux mixture,

To be maintained the stable of farmland ecosystem in process of production, environmental pollution and ecological damage can not be caused, plant residue is all cleared up in time after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, the agricultural organism such as melon is climing, stalk are all fully utilized, and the waste that plastic sheeting for farm use etc. can not be degraded all to be reclaimed and to be used.

Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) described in step (2) is and the green manure crop of late rice Later growth interplanting, before Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) arrives harvesting after the neat fringe of late rice, hook head, in sowing at the beginning of mid or late September to 10 month, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil by mid or late March��early April next year.

Organic watermelons cultivation described in step (3) is: front turn over early after water chestnut is gathered, and shines cultivation 1 batch of spring and summer stubble watermelon after soil; Comprise: select suitable variety of watermelon, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

Above-mentioned watermelon organic farming, outdoor cropping generally adopts zanjon height furrow membrane covering to cultivate with climbing, and facility cultivation generally adopts zanjon height furrow, membrane covering, under-film drip irrigation, galvanized steel pipe greenhouse stand cultivation. Stand cultivation, for adopting nylon rope vertical distraction hang climing or take sheerleg or hedge frame with small bamboo, is drawn as the climing 50cm of growing to climing added, is tied up climing 1 time every 30cm later, twine climing on nylon rope or bamboo pole.

Described variety of watermelon is the kind of applicable outdoor cropping or the kind of applicable facility cultivation, the kind being applicable to outdoor cropping is the middle large fruit High quality and diseases resistance Early-mid ripening kind being applicable to local cultivation, comprising: glad No. one of capital, glad No. 2 of capital, spring in century honey, anti-No. 1 of Zheng, assorted No. 5 of Zheng, No. 8, western agriculture, black sweet No. 5, Zheng anti-without No. 3, seed, Dongting No. 1, spend skin without seed; The kind being applicable to facility cultivation be disease-resistant, tolerance to low temperature and weak light, heat-resisting, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, growth potential medium, easily bear fruit, high-quality small fruit type early mature watermelon kind that commodity melon good, single weighs 1.5��2kg, comprising: early spring carbuncle, by bit, cherub, Xin Jinlan, beautiful, tasteful and refined, Jin Fu, Huang little Yu, red little jade.

Above-mentioned kind adopts the seed without forbidding mass treatment, prohibits the use transgenic seed.

The nursery of watermelon comprises common nursery and graft seedling growth, and common nursery is nutrition pot or seedling pan nursery; Graft seedling growth be select that disease-resistant and Grafting watermelon avidity is strong, well developed root system, thermotolerance by force, the stock variety of not easily early ageing carry out graft seedling growth, stock variety comprises: No. 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, the glad anvil in capital, the magic power introduced from Japan, and No. 1, river in Zhejiang Province anvil and No. 1, cucurbit anvil.

Above-mentioned common nursery generally in late Febuary��mid or late March adopts nutrition pot or seedling pan to concentrate nursery, the field planting when seedling has 2��3 leaf 1 heart in plastic greenhouse; Above-mentioned graft seedling growth generally in mid or late Febuary��mid-March of nursery in the greenhouse having the condition of heating or booth, when rootstock seedling the 1st true leaf occurs to firm expansion, scion young plant leaf start turn green open and flat to cotyledon time carry out grafting, go out garden field planting when Graft 2 leaf 1 heart��3 leaf 1 heart.

Above-mentioned watermelon organic farming, outdoor cropping in by the end of March��early and middle ten days membrane covering field planting in April, every mu of field planting 400��650 strain; Facility cultivation generally in late March��early April membrane covering field planting, every mu of field planting 1200��1500 strain.

The planting type of watermelon comprises cultivates or stand cultivation with climbing, and the Plant adjustment mode cultivated with climbing is: adopt two climing formula or the training of three climing formulas, selects the 2nd or the 3rd female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promotes to bear fruit; The Plant adjustment mode of stand cultivation is: adopt single climing formula or the training of two climing formula, extract the 1st female flower as early as possible, the the 2nd or the 3rd female flower of selecting and remain carries out artificial supplementary pollination or puts honeybee supple-mentary pollination in a suitable place to breed promoting to bear fruit, and stays 8��10 leaves to pinch after bearing fruit more than joint position of bearing fruit.

Above-mentioned honeybee supple-mentary pollination of putting in a suitable place to breed puts 1 case honeybee in a suitable place to breed in each booth, starts to put in a suitable place to breed, put honeybee continuously 15 days when female flower is open.

The fertilization principle of above-mentioned watermelon organic farming is based on base manure, rationally topdress, it is used as base manure by more than the 80% of total fertilization amount, execute the barnyard manure 2000��3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cake fertilizer 50��100kg or the person poultry muck 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, in conjunction with, in the arable layer that during whole ground, fertilizer is evenly applied watermelon field planting row, wanting heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer after major part plant bears fruit, execute the organic fertilizer 40��80kg of become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer or the certification of Organic certification mechanism for every mu, adopt ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, pour water in time after topdressing.

Organic paddy rice (late rice and early rice) cultivation described in step (3) is: front gather as watermelon terminate after cleaning rural area, pour water and turn over and use sufficient cultivation 1 batch of late rice after base manure; Late rice selects the kind of suitable local ecotope in mid or late June seeding and seedling raising, mid or late July rice transplanting, the neat fringe of late rice, hook head after before harvesting, at the beginning of mid or late September to 10 month in rice field live green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici); Green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil by mid or late March��early April next year, cultivates 1 batch of early rice after using sufficient base manure again; Early rice selects the kind of suitable local ecotope in late March��early April seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, and straw is ploughed under Tanaka and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten straw fertilizing soil by early rice immediately after gathering in.

Excellent non-transgenic late rice and the early-paddy brown rice that above-mentioned organic paddy rice planting and selecting disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local ecotope, quality reach country's seed standard, prioritizing selection is through the organic paddy rice seed of Organic certification mechanism certification; Adopting water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed combines to turn over every mu to execute for 3��5 days before sowing fully becomes thoroughly decomposed high-quality fertilizer 1000��2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30��50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg makes base manure; The late rice length of time rice seedlings grow controls within 28 days, and the early rice length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

The cultivation of above-mentioned organic paddy rice carries out the rational application of fertilizer according to front short, middle control, fertilization principle steady afterwards, execute farm organic fertilizer 1000��2000kg or cake fertilizer 100��200kg, the ground phosphate rock 30��50kg such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with ploughing soil every mu and make base manure, after transplanting 4��5 days every mu impose the cake fertilizer 100��150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50��100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and make tillering fertilizer, after dry field rehydration at once every mu execute the cake fertilizer 50��100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Organic water chestnut cultivation described in step (3) is: front do, after early rice is gathered in, straw ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten straw fertilizing soil, uses sufficient cultivation 1 batch of water chestnut after base manure in conjunction with arable land; Water chestnut selects the kind being applicable to local cultivation, in April early and middle ten days start to adopt two-phase method to cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.

Above-mentioned organic water chestnut is cultivated, the kind selected is disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, the thin slag of matter is few, it is applicable to working as in the high yield cultivated, high-quality water chestnut kind, comprising: No. 1, Hubei Province shepherd's purse, No. 2, osmanthus hoof, Xiaogan water chestnut, 91-33 water chestnut, Guilin water chestnut, husky ocean water chestnut, group wind water chestnut, meeting prosperous water chestnut, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou water chestnut.

The cultivation of above-mentioned two-phase method is anosis strong sprout: formerly year water chestnut Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, the field that plant division is strong, nothing lodges, anosis worm endangers of tillering make seed field, select full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster is consistent, individual evenly big, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, there is the bulb of this kind feature, adopt one-phase nursery (drought seedling) and two stages nursery (rice seedling bed seedling) two-phase method nursery; First stage nursery (nonirrigated farmland nursery) is: at early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, it is made into the seedbed of the wide 100��150cm of furrow, plant the clean clear water of shepherd's purse to soak 18��24 hours, taking-up neatly comes after draining bright water in seedbed and carries out nonirrigated farmland nursery, regularly water and keep soil moistening to playing seedling, early stage takes Small plastic shed and lid plastics film carries out vernalization, transplants to rice seedling bed as kind of ball terminal bud length 20��25cm and carries out subordinate phase nursery; Subordinate phase nursery (rice seedling bed nursery) is: select the paddy field that irrigation and drainage are convenient, organic matter is abundant, after using sufficient base manure, water is ploughed and is made into seedling field, in mid or late May the seedling replanting in cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed to rice seedling bed carries out rice seedling bed nursery, when seedling is up to 35��more than 40cm, field planting during cladophyllumm thick more than 0.5cm.

The principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in the fertilising of above-mentioned organic water chestnut cultivation, use sufficient base manure, farmyard manure is executed or the farm organic fertilizer 2000��3000kg such as barnyard manure or the person poultry muck 1000��2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150��200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed that become thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with real tillage every mu, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium ore deposit powder 20kg make base manure, acid heavier soil also to be executed unslaked lime 50��100kg/ mu when ploughing; Topdress early stage based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage is based on potash fertilizer, topdress for 1st time after field planting 7��10 days, transplanting combines first time and intertills every mu and execute the human excrement 400��500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed after turning green, to promote early to tiller plant division, topdress every 10��15 days the 2nd time, execute the cake fertilizer 70��80kg or plant ash 100��200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with weeding every mu and promote envelope row, topdress at early and middle ten days in September 3rd time, execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, separately add potassium ore deposit powder 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Organic farming alternating method of the present invention is specially adapted to area, the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River.

The present invention has following positively effect: watermelon is a kind of fertile efficient economy crop of happiness avoiding continuous cropping, the requirement of rich water is higher, and pest species is many, harm is heavy, due to reasons such as the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria during continuous cropping, the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as blight is more serious, easily there is soil continuous cropping obstacle, along with the increase of Cultivation time during watermelon continuous cropping, chemical fertilizer, the usage quantity of agricultural chemicals to be increased the output that just can reach expection year by year, even if using chemical fertilizer even in a large number, agricultural chemicals, also there will be the phenomenon of the underproduction year by year, so watermelon common cultivation is difficult to reach the requirement of organic farming, if watermelon to be carried out organic farming must first set up scientific and reasonable rotation system. water chestnut is not resistance to continuous cropping also, and water chestnut and watermelon carry out rice field-upland field rotation not only better economic benefit, and can also improve Soil structure, culture fertility, reduces the occurrence degree of disease and pest. although paddy rice is the crop of resistance to continuous cropping, but long-term continuous cropping also can cause the accumulation of field pathogenic bacteria and the increase of population density. the present invention adopts spring and summer stubble watermelon and field crop paddy rice and efficient aquatic crop water chestnut etc. to carry out scientific and reasonable crop rotation, completely different floods and droughts ecotope is formed by rice field-upland field rotation, it is possible not only to reduce Weed infestation, that destroys sick worm source grows environment, reduce the occurrence degree of disease and pest, but also soil fertility structure can be improved, form the change that soil physical and chemical property etc. is had complementary advantages, promote the reparation of edatope, watermelon and water chestnut crop rotation can also be increased economic efficiency. simultaneously, by at late rice Later growth interplanting green manure crop Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) fertilizing soil, after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, achieve the recovery of organic matter preferably, improve soil fertility, the benign cycle of crop cultivation can be formed, to maintain balance and the species diversity of farmland ecosystem, thus reach the object of organic farming. the present invention cultivates in strict accordance with specification of quality and the production specifications of organic farm products, whole production process does not use agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weedicide, the synthetic materials such as hormone are cultivated, by selecting the place being applicable to set up organic farming production base, select suitable kind, cultivate anosis strong sprout, timely field planting, adopt various feasible field management comprehensive technical measure, make full use of light, heat, water, gas, the resources such as fertilizer, creation is conducive to watermelon, and rotation crop water chestnut and rice growth and be unfavorable for the envrionment conditions that disease pest and weed occurs, it is possible not only in same organic farming production base realize organic watermelons cultivation, the cultivation of organic water chestnut and organic paddy rice can also be realized. within a crop rotation cycle, the output of 1 batch of spring and summer stubble organic watermelons is: large fruit watermelon 2500��3500kg/ mu, facility cultivation Small-sized watermelon 2000��2400kg/ mu in outdoor cropping, the output of 1 batch of organic late rice is 550��650kg/ mu, the output of 1 batch of organic early rice is 480��560kg/ mu, and the output of 1 batch of organic water chestnut is 1500��2500kg/ mu. not only product are of fine quality for the watermelon produced and rotation crop water chestnut and paddy rice, meet the specification of quality of organic farm products, and output height, do not have notable difference with the output of conventional cultivation. the technological sciences of this organic farming alternating method are reasonable, simple, practicality and workable, is a kind of efficient ecological circular agriculture cultivation mode, is applicable to extensive organic farming, there are good society, economy and ecological benefits, there is in the middle and lower reach of Yangtze River wide popularizing application prospect.

Embodiment

There is following embodiment the essence of the present invention to be described in detail, and the present invention can not be limited.

Embodiment 1

1. select the place being applicable to set up organic farming production base

The foundation of organic farming production base must follow the production principle of Organic farming, and the relevant envrionment conditions of production base must meet country's Organic farming place of production standard. So to be selected that traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, good away from city and industrial district (general requirement is at a distance of more than 10 kilometers), ecological condition, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from the source of pollution such as refuse tip (within least 5 kilometers, periphery pollution-free source) and traffic trunk main, and organic farming production base is set up in the agricultural producing areas with Sustainable Production ability. Production base soil environment quality requires the secondary standard being not less than in " soil environment quality standard " (GB15618-1995), and requires that physical features is invigorating, the physico-chemical property of soil is good, preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong, the deep soil layer fertile, effective of soil layer reaches more than 60 centimetres, drainage of soil venting capability is good, biological activity strong, organic content is greater than 15g/kg. Irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), it is desired to have abundant water resources cleaning, water quality is excellent, canal system is supporting. The secondary standard that ambient air quality is not less than in " ambient air quality " (GB3095-2012), it is desired to air cleaner. Organic production base should be of certain scale, and general cultivated area is not less than 10 hectares. Production base should be linked to be sheet, have integrity, can not be mingled with the plot carrying out conventional production therebetween, but allow to there is organic conversion plot. Production base requires opposed flattened, the good supporting ditch system of excavation, reaches in field that irrigation canals and ditches field outside are unimpeded, the row's of filling facility. Must there be obvious isolation strip in organic production base with conventional boundary place, production plot, such as river, irrigation canals and ditches etc. If plot, edge is likely subject to the impact that contiguous conventional plot is polluted, then buffering band or the physical barrier of about 10m must be set between organic and conventional plot, to ensure that organic plot is not contaminated. Consider that Cucumber can remain the quite a long time in the environment, usually need the transition period of 2 years to organic production conversion by conventional production system, the agricultural-food such as the watermelon cultivated thereafter could as organic products after gathering in the crops, i.e. watermelon and other agricultural-food of cultivation in the 3rd year are only organic farm products.

2. specification of quality and production specifications according to organic farm products is produced

According to Organic farming production principle, to follow based on the natural law and ecological principle, the agrotechnique of a series of sustainable developments such as the balance of employing breeding combination, cyclic regeneration, maintenance farmland ecosystem and species diversity is produced, in whole cultivation, prohibit the use the artificial chemistry synthetics such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weedicide, hormone or growth regulator, do not use genetic engineering technique and product thereof.

(1) improvement of soil fertility and proper use of fertilizer

In order to ensure the Sustainable Production ability in organic production base, fostering and apply fertilizer of soil is extremely important. Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) is important green manure plant, there is nitrogen fixation, plantation green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) can obtain more rich sources of nitrogen, and soil organic matter content can be improved, so adopting plantation green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) to carry out culture fertility, for soil supplements nutrient, improvement Soil structure, for the production of the agricultural-food such as organic watermelons is taken a firm foundation. Only allow application of organic fertilizers and plant green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil, fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed will be used. The fertilizers such as chicken excrement, pig excrement need to carry out harmless treatment before administration for 2 months, fertilizer is mixed wet rear heap fermentation so that it is fully become thoroughly decomposed. Shortcoming slowly is discharged for fertilizer available nutrient in early stage, can use allow to use there is the microorganism fertilizers such as fixed nitrogen, phosphorus decomposing, the root nodule bacterium of potassium decomposing effect, genus bacillus, photosynthetic bacterium and phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria, nutrients release is accelerated in activity through probiotics, promotes that crop is to effective utilization of nutrient. Allow the fertilizer type used except animal excrement and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, also can use the materials such as potassium ore deposit powder, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, it is possible to use through organic fertilizer and the microbial fertilizer of the certification of Organic certification mechanism.

(2) disease pest and weed integrated control

Implement the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first; integrated control ", from the ecosystem of whole farmland production environment, the various prophylactico-therapeutic measures of integrated use, create and it is unfavorable for the envrionment conditions that disease pest and weed grows, is conducive to all kinds of natural enemy to multiply, reduce the loss that disease pest and weed causes, based on agricultural synthesis control, adopt biological and physical method control, do not use the agricultural chemicals of synthetic to carry out chemical prevention. Cultural control is mainly by selecting the kind of strong resistance, carry out reasonable crop rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis strong sprout, adopt various possible cultivation technique measure to carry out the cultivation management of science, create and be conducive to crop growth and be unfavorable for the envrionment conditions that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant. Biological is the ecotope as far as possible protecting production base with physical control, maintains the eubiosis of nature, and the hostile insect in Appropriate application sky carries out biological control; The light that becomes utilizing insect intrinsic, the taste that becomes are to catch and kill insect, and every 2��3 hectares of production base to be installed 1 solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01) and carried out insect-killing trapping. When disease and pest occurs more serious, can utilize and allow some mineral substance used and plant medical agent to carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, also can use the pyrethrum of tubatoxin, plant origin, emulsified vegetable oil and diatomite with limitation, and microorganism and preparation such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the control of disease and pest, it is possible to use the prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as sulphur, lime, lime sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture with limitation.

(3) base ecotope is protected

Require in process of production not cause environmental pollution and ecological damage, so all to be cleared up plant residue after every batch of crop harvesting in time, thoroughly sweep, cleaning base, destroy outside plant invalid body is all transported base or buried, to reduce disease and pest radix. Heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, the agricultural organism such as melon is climing, stalk are all fully utilized. The waste that plastic sheeting for farm use etc. can not be degraded all to be reclaimed and to be used.

3. the scientific and reasonable wheel of formulation is made a plan and is carried out organic farming

Continuous cropping avoided by watermelon, during continuous cropping, not only the soil-borne disease such as blight occurs serious, and easily there is soil continuous cropping obstacle, light then the underproduction, Chong Zehui garden has no harvest, so the wheel that must formulate science during watermelon organic farming is made a plan, set up rational rotation system, to control the harm of disease worm and to prevent the generation of soil continuous cropping obstacle. Put into practice through R & D and manufacture for many years, area, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River spring and summer stubble watermelon organic farming rotation system is with having summed up in research: spring and summer stubble watermelon late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) (the 1st year) early rice water chestnut (the 2nd year), a crop rotation cycle is 2 years. After cultivation in 1st year 1 batch of spring and summer stubble watermelon, cultivate 1 batch of late rice and phase interplanting green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) after growth, green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil by the 2nd year spring, the fertilizer produced after Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) retting can make every mu to increase pure N4.8��7.2kg, then 1 batch of early rice is cultivated, straw is ploughed under Tanaka after gathering in and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten straw fertilizing soil by early rice immediately, then cultivates 1 batch of water chestnut, and water chestnut is cultivated by above-mentioned crop rotation cultivation mode after gathering again.

(1) spring and summer stubble watermelon organic production

Spring and summer stubble watermelon outdoor cropping generally adopts membrane covering to cultivate with climbing, in order to alleviate or overcome the unfavourable weather conditions such as area, middle and lower reach of Yangtze River low temperature rainy weather in early spring is many, at the end of spring and the beginning of summer many heavy rains, atmospheric moisture be big to the detrimentally affect of cultivating watermelon, alleviate disease and pest harm, reduce the risk of common outdoor cropping, to ensure the yield and quality of watermelon, reach high yield, stable yields, high-quality, efficiently object, the facility cultivations such as booth can also be adopted, preferably adopt galvanized steel pipe greenhouse, under-film drip irrigation, stand cultivation. Greenhouse facility cultivation can increase temperature in early spring, and to promote watermelon growing, the spray that simultaneously can prevent watermelon from standing rainwater particularly heavy rain in summer or heavy rain is drenched, and reduces the invasion and attack of disease and pest; Under-film drip irrigation can effectively avoid the disease spread that broad irrigation causes, and also can effectively reduce atmospheric moisture in canopy; Stand cultivation can increase planting density, effectively improves ventilation and penetrating light condition. On the basis of above cultivation management measure, enhance field management, keep epidemic disaster suitable in canopy in conjunction with rational ventilation, it is possible to create the envrionment conditions being conducive to watermelon growing to grow, thus improve the resistance of watermelon.

1. cultivate anosis strong sprout in good time

Fruit variety: when current China has not also obtained the organic watermelons seed of certification, should select the seed without forbidding mass treatment, prohibit the use transgenic seed. General selection is suitable for local soil and climatic characteristic, the kind that disease and insect resistance is stronger. Outdoor cropping should select the middle large fruit High quality and diseases resistance Early-mid ripening kind being applicable to local cultivation, as glad in capital No. one, glad No. 2 of capital, spring in century honey, anti-No. 1 of Zheng, assorted No. 5 of Zheng, No. 8, western agriculture, black sweet No. 5, Zheng anti-without No. 3, seed, Dongting No. 1, spend skin without kinds such as seeds. Greenhouse facility cultivation should select disease-resistant, tolerance to low temperature and weak light, heat-resisting, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, growth potential medium, easily bear fruit, high-quality small fruit type early mature watermelon kind that commodity melon good, single weighs 1.5��2kg, as early spring carbuncle, by bit, cherub, Xin Jinlan, beautiful, tasteful and refined, Jin Fu, Huang little Yu, red little jade etc.

Nurturing staff: generally in late Febuary��mid or late March adopts nutrition pot or seedling pan to concentrate nursery in plastic greenhouse. Temperature is adopted to scald seed soaking to kill the germ that seed carries, namely seed is put into 55 DEG C of warm water (1 part of cold water converted by 2 parts of boiling water) of seed weight 3��4 times, constantly stir, water temperature continues seed soaking 4��5 hours after being down to room temperature, then wrap with wet gauze and it is placed at 28��30 DEG C of temperature vernalization, can sow when major part seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally. Cover the thick nutrition soil of 1cm after sowing, water permeable, then covering with plastic film. Before seedling is unearthed, canopy temperature remains on 25��35 DEG C, opens mulch film in time when more than 50% seedling is unearthed and suitably reduces temperature, and canopy temperature control, daytime 20��25 DEG C, is not less than 15 DEG C night. 1st true leaf can suitably improve temperature after launching, canopy temperature control daytime 25��28 DEG C, night temperature 16��20 DEG C, to promote growth of seedling. 5��7 days before field planting start hardening, make seedling adapt to external environment gradually. In 30��35 days ages of seedling, get final product field planting when seedling has during 2��3 leaf 1 heart.

In order to improve resistance and the adaptability of watermelon, prevent the generation of the soil-borne diseases such as blight, can select that disease-resistant and Grafting watermelon avidity is strong, well developed root system, thermotolerance by force, the stock variety of not easily early ageing, such as No. 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, the glad anvil in capital, the magic power introduced from Japan, and No. 1, river in Zhejiang Province anvil and No. 1, cucurbit anvil etc. carry out graft seedling growth. Generally in mid or late Febuary��mid-March of nursery in the greenhouse having the condition of heating or booth, when rootstock seedling the 1st true leaf occurs to firm expansion, scion young plant leaf start to turn green open and flat to cotyledon time carry out grafting, employing plug contact carries out grafting. After grafting, graft seedling growth management process manages routinely. In 35��45 days ages of seedling, garden field planting can be gone out when Graft 2 leaf 1 heart��3 leaf 1 heart.

2. field planting in good time

The bedding of whole ground and bulk application: front turning over early after water chestnut is gathered is shone in vain, base manure is used sufficient before field planting, execute the barnyard manure 2000��3000kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, cake fertilizer 50��100kg or the person poultry muck 2500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu, in conjunction with in the arable layer that during whole ground, fertilizer is evenly applied watermelon field planting row, absorb in order to root system. Outdoor cropping generally adopts zanjon height furrow membrane covering to cultivate with climbing, furrow width (bag ditch) 3.0��3.5m, and holds successfully and enclose ditch, furrow ditch, accomplishes that ditch ditch communicates in order to draining; Facility cultivation can adopt cultivates or stand cultivation with climbing, many employing zanjon height furrow, membrane covering, under-film drip irrigation, galvanized steel pipe greenhouse stand cultivation, each standard galvanized steel pipe greenhouse (30m �� 6m) opens zanjon in the middle of canopy, 2 little high furrow are respectively made in ditch both sides, lay 1 drip irrigation pipe in the middle of the little high furrow of every bar.

Timely field planting: outdoor cropping in by the end of March��early and middle ten days membrane covering field planting in April, every furrow field planting 1 row, spacing in the rows 35��50cm, every mu of field planting 400��650 strain, during cultivation aspermous watermelon will by proportional arrangement breeding time of 41 close Watermelon as pollination strain, if during field planting, temperature is lower can add the insulation of lid Small plastic shed on furrow face; Facility cultivation is generally in late March��early April membrane covering field planting, and the two row of every furrow field planting, spacing in the rows 40��50cm, generally every mu of field planting 1200��1500 strain, each standard booth is kept a full stand of seedings about 400 strains.

3. field management

Plant adjustment: middle large fruit watermelon cultivates the two climing formula of general employing or the training of three climing formulas with climbing, namely retains main stalwartness that is climing and 1��2 nearly root climing, the climing whole excision in all the other sides; Saving soil block as climing long about 50cm every 4��5 keeps down the vines of a creeping plant climing with fixing melon; Extract the 1st female flower as early as possible, select the 2nd or the 3rd female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promote to bear fruit. Small-sized watermelon booth stand cultivation adopts single climing formulas or the training of two climing formula, namely only retains 1 master climing or stay that 1 master is climing and 1 nearly root healthy and strong sub climing, the climing whole excision in all the other sides; Extracing the 1st female flower as early as possible, the 2nd or the 3rd female flower of selecting and remain carries out artificial supplementary pollination or puts honeybee supple-mentary pollination in a suitable place to breed promoting to bear fruit, and stays 8��10 leaves to pinch after bearing fruit more than joint position of bearing fruit. It is climing that stand cultivation can adopt nylon rope vertical distraction to hang, or take sheerleg or hedge frame with small bamboo. Take frame height to be advisable with about 2m, draw as the climing 50cm of growing to climing added, tie up climing 1 time every 30cm later, twine climing on nylon rope or bamboo pole. Put 1 case honeybee in a suitable place to breed in each booth during greenhouse cultivation employing honeybee supple-mentary pollination, start to put in a suitable place to breed when female flower is open, put honeybee continuously 15 days.

Rich water quality management: the fertilization principle of organic watermelons cultivation, based on base manure, is rationally topdressed, and is used as base manure by more than the 80% of total fertilization amount. Can drink according to seedling gesture after field planting survives and execute rare dung polluted water urine that becomes thoroughly decomposed for 1 time as carrying seed manure, heavy dressing swelling melon fertilizer is wanted after major part plant bears fruit, execute organic fertilizer about the 50kg of become thoroughly decomposed cake fertilizer or the certification of Organic certification mechanism for every mu, adopt ditch spread or spread manuer in holes, pour water in time after topdressing, 1 time can be imposed again according to growing way later. Generally watering 2��3 times, fruit maturation is gathered and is no longer watered for first 10 days.

Disease pest and weed is prevented and treated: mainly adopt agricultural synthesis control, by selecting disease-resistant worm kind, carry out reasonable crop rotation, cultivate of the right age anosis strong sprout, carry out grafting cultivation, adopt the cultivation management of the science such as zanjon height furrow, plastic film mulching cultivation, adopt facility cultivation if desired, booth epidemic disaster is regulated by facility, covered with plastic film carries out the aggregate measures such as rain shelter cultivation, control temperature and atmospheric moisture well, create and be conducive to watermelon growing to grow and be unfavorable for the envrionment conditions that disease pest and weed occurs, to strengthen the resistant to diseases and insects of plant. Next adopts biological and physical control, as utilized the natural enemy such as coccinella septempunctata, Encarsia formosa to prevent and treat aphid, trialeurodes vaporariorum, when aphid population density reaches 8��11 every mu, on melon is climing, hang Ladybird egg card (every mu is hung 250 pieces) control aphid; With frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp, the yellow insect-killing trapping such as plate, backboard, carry out insect-killing trapping as installed solar insect-killing light (frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp HLD-01), or every mu is hung yellow plate and the backboard insect-killing trapping that 30��40 block specifications are 25cm �� 40cm; Also the membrane covering of available silver grey keeps away aphid, covers or closes booth with insect protected net and leak informaton that physical measure reaches control insect to mouth to stop that insect enters etc., the object of protection beneficial insect during facility cultivation. When disease and pest occurs heavier, plant (Herba Houttuyniae, garlic, peppermint, tansy, the China tree etc.) extraction agent of the plant-sourced Biocidal sterilant such as soft soap, matrine or local growth can be used to carry out pest control, as prevented and treated Liriomyzas with neem oil 2000��3000 times of liquid, with the tansy liquid of 30g/L (fresh heavy) control aphid and mite worm, with the generation of green onion garlic mixed solution and the pre-preventing disease and pest of garlic leach liquor; Also the pyrethrum of tubatoxin, plant origin, emulsified vegetable oil and diatomite can be used with limitation, and microorganism and preparation such as bacillus thuringensis, Bt preparation etc. carry out the control of disease and pest, also can use the prevention and elimination of disease and pests such as sulphur, lime, lime sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture with limitation, such as, can effectively prevent and treat watermelon Powdery Mildew, anthrax, bacterial angular leaf spot etc. with Bordeaux mixture (0.2��0.3 degree Beaume). Prevention and control of weeds can utilize mulch film all standing to suppress weed growth, it is possible to use improving straw mulching prevents weed growth, adopts artificial weeding if desired. In addition, in cultivation, the branches and tendrils under bud drop, fallen flowers, fallen leaves, shedding, seacteur and sick worm strain, invalid strain, Lao Ye, sick leaf and deformity melon and weeds to be removed in time, eliminate the vector of disease and pest and infect source etc.

4. gather

When watermelon have ninety percent ripe time answer timely collecting. outdoor cropping is generally in mid or late June, and facility cultivation is in starting listing of gathering at the beginning of 6 months, and July, early and middle ten days was gathered end. the quality of watermelon produced is excellent, output height, meets the production requirement of organic watermelons, and in general output outdoor cropping, large fruit watermelon is 2500��3500kg/ mu, and facility cultivation Small-sized watermelon is 2000��2400kg/ mu. adopt facility cultivation Small-sized watermelon, organic farming alternating method of the present invention and conventional cultivation method (CK1, select the soil cultivation not planting melon crop in nearly 3 years, use composite fertilizer 75kg for every mu, phosphate fertilizer 50kg, urea 20kg, potassium sulfate 20kg, use chemical agent to carry out the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control and it is no less than 4 times), common rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method (CK2, rotation system is: watermelon late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) green manure (the 1st year) early rice watermelon summer and autumn dish Peas spring and summer (the 2nd year)) compare test, 3 standard galvanized steel pipe greenhouses (30m �� 6m) are planted in each process. test-results shows: the harm of the sick worm in 1st��3rd crop rotation cycle of organic cultivation method of the present invention is all very light, stable yield, and not only quality product significantly improves than CK1, reaches the standard of organic products, and low unlike CK1 of mean yield, common rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method (CK2) is although the sick worm first crop rotation cycle endangers gently, output is also higher, but the harm of the sick worm in the 2nd, the 3rd crop rotation cycle obviously increases the weight of, and output significantly reduces (see table 1).

When table 1 organic farming of the present invention alternating method adopts facility cultivation with conventional cultivation method (CK1), common rice field-upland field rotation organic cultivation method (CK2), spring and summer stubble the yield of watermelon, quality compare table with disease and pest generation situation

(2) paddy rice (late rice and early rice) organic production and interplanting green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici)

Watermelon is gathered after terminating in time cleaning rural area, and heap after climing for melon collection is made fertilizer, turns over after pouring water in melon patch, and the vexed canopy of high temperature 1 week is poured water to kill disease worm in canopy by elder generation of facility cultivation watermelon, then removes canopy film and turn over, then cultivation 1 batch of late rice. Green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) can the neat fringe of late rice, hook head (hook head refer to the seed grain of paddy rice substantially grow full after; spike of rice is owing to undertaking the weight of seed grain and bending period downwards) arrive afterwards and gather in before; in direct sowing rice field at the beginning of mid or late September to 10 month, every mu of application rate is 1.5��2.0kg. The heaps such as straw collection and manure of livestock and poultry are made fertilizer after gathering in by late rice. Green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil by mid or late March��early April next year, then cultivates 1 batch of early rice.

1. cultivate paddy rice anosis strong sprout in good time

Fruit variety: selecting disease and insect resistance is strong, resistant to lodging, wide adaptability, yielding ability are good, meter Zhi Hao, suitable local ecotope, quality reach country's seed standard excellent non-transgenic late rice and early-paddy brown rice, prioritizing selection is through the organic paddy rice seed of Organic certification mechanism certification.

Begin sowing in good time, cultivate strong sprout of tillering: during presoaking and germinating, 10 hours can be soaked seed to kill the pathogenic micro-organism of seed-coat with 1% liming, after cleaning with clear water, carry out presoaking and germinating according to a conventional method; Or scald, by temperature, the pathogenic bacteria that seed-coat is killed in seed soaking, and to put into 55 DEG C of warm water seed soaking 10��20 minutes by seed, and constantly stir, water temperature carries out presoaking and germinating according to a conventional method after being down to room temperature, vernalization shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally can sow to broken chest.

General adopting water-raised seedling method to concentrate seedling, rice seedling bed combines to turn over every mu to execute for 3��5 days before sowing fully becomes thoroughly decomposed high-quality fertilizer 1000��2000kg, ground phosphate rock 30��50kg or cake fertilizer 150kg makes base manure. Late rice is generally in mid or late June sowing, and during 1.0��1.5 leaf or within 5��7 days before transplanting, chase after appropriate rare human excrement or methane liquid send and transfers fertilizer, the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 28 days. Early rice generally in late March��early April sowing, keeps seedling bed moistening after sowing, based on diaphragm seal insulation, moisturizing to 1.5 leaves; Alternation of wetting and drying after 2 leaf 1 hearts, fills with horse race water, and fine day takes off film ventilation hardening before midday afterwards, prevents rice shoot from burning, and after 3 leaf phases, fine day starts to take off lid hardening at night day, transplants and all takes off film in first 3 days; 5��7 days suitably rare human excrement of the amount of chasing after or methane liquids before transplanting, the length of time rice seedlings grow controlled within 30 days.

2. land for growing field crops prepares and rice transplanting

Land for growing field crops prepares: late rice front as watermelon, early rice front as green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), more owing to applying fertilizer during cultivated watermelons, fertilizer of having a surplus is not finished, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) ploughs under soil of having fostered and apply fertilizer in soil, so base manure need not be too many during rice-cultivating, generally execute farm organic fertilizer 1000��2000kg or cake fertilizer 100��200kg, the ground phosphate rock 30��50kg such as the barnyard manure that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with ploughing soil every mu and makees base manure, after turning over keep 3��3.3cm water layer rake field, plough rake whole after prepare rice transplanting.

Timely rice transplanting: general employing is manually planted or machine transplanting of rice seedling. Late rice in mid or late July rice transplanting, with reference to seeding row spacing 18cm �� 20cm, plants density every mu 1.8��2.0 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants, and every root and stem of certain plants inserts 2��4 strain seedlings tillering seedling of 1 paddy (the 1 strain seedling be), participates basic seedling 70,000��90,000 for every mu. Early rice, in mid or late April rice transplanting, with reference to seeding row spacing 17cm �� 20cm, plants density 1.8 ten thousand��2.2 ten thousand root and stem of certain plants/mu, and every root and stem of certain plants inserts the tillering seedling of 2��3 paddy, participates basic seedling 70,000��100,000 for every mu.

3. field management

The rational application of fertilizer: according to front short, middle control, fertilization principle steady afterwards, suitably execute tillering fertilizer when base manure abundance and take the circumstances into consideration to use fringe granulated fertilizer. General after transplanting 4��5 days every mu impose the cake fertilizer 100��150kg or organic commercial fertilizer 50��100kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed and make tillering fertilizer, after dry field rehydration at once every mu execute the cake fertilizer 50��100kg or organic commercial fertilizer about 50kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed as ear manuer.

Water management: should make full use of and fill with draining to regulate the water in rice field, fertilizer, gas, heat, create the field microclimate of suitable paddy growth. The live root and stem of certain plants, shallow water of late rice deep water is tillered (i.e. shallow water rice transplanting, then 5��the 7cm that pours water at once facilitates work, after turning green, shallow irrigation is short in earlier stage tillers), enough timely dry fields of seedling (namely starting dry field when seedling number reaches 200,000/mu left and right), opening crackle as degree to shine to Tanaka's mud face sclerderm, limit, field, after rehydration, interval is irrigated, and accomplishes have the strong bud heading of water, moistening strong seed, later stage does and wets to maturation, prevents dehydration too early. The water management of early rice accomplishes there is water cutting seedling, shallow water live the root and stem of certain plants, tiller, seedling foot dry field, based on moistening after dry field rehydration, keep dry and wet irrigation method, it is noted that rice shoot turn green after 2��3 days draining open fields, to cultivate good root system, shallow water is answered in open field again after 2��3 days, the later stage can not dewater too early, in order to avoid affecting thousand seed weight.

4. disease pest and weed control

Preferentially adopt cultural control, field microclimate is improved by selecting disease-resistant variety, rationally crop rotation, the strong seedling of cultivation, rational close planting, applying organic manure, remove the Healthy culture measure such as weeds, Scientific Regulation rich water, in good time dry field in time, make its ventilation and penetrating light good, strengthen the resistance of plant self, reduce the generation of disease and pest; Thoroughly remove irrigation canals and ditches the edge of a field weeds, the residual body of paddy rice, reduce the place that disease and pest grows; By measures such as rational close planting, the water and fertilizer managements increasing basic seedling and science, make paddy rice early seal row, reach the object suppressing weed growth; Go out careless by farming and adopt control grass of manually cutting weeds harmful. Next adopts biological and physical control, utilizes pest natural enemy such as the population quantity of the Control pests such as birds, frog class, spider, parasitic wasp, as when rice field moth worm worm mouth radix reaches 100/mu of, release trichogramma prevents and treats Cnaphalocrocis medinali(rice leaf roller), striped rice borer and yellow rice borer; The insect pests such as planthopper, striped rice borer, yellow rice borer and control weeds in field is prevented and treated by duck-raising enclosed paddy fields; Adopting the insects such as frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp trapping striped rice borer, leaf roll snout moth's larva, sticky planthopper, mini pest adopts yellow card's trap. The biological pesticide preparation through the certification of Organic certification mechanism can be selected to prevent and treat when disease and pest is more serious, as prevented and treated rice blast and false smut with subtilis wettable powder, with chemical control striped rice borer, Cnaphalocrocis medinali(rice leaf roller) such as Bt preparation, azadirachtin preparation, with control planthoppers such as matrine, azadirachtin preparation, beauveria fungus preparations.

5. gather in the crops

Late rice is generally ripe in mid or late October, and early rice is ripe in mid or late July. Ripe rear results in time, it is desired to list receipts, singles, single solarization, single storage, after drying, unification is sold. Average per mu yield late rice is 550��650kg, and early rice is 480��560kg.

(3) water chestnut organic production

1. land for growing field crops prepares

Before do, after early rice is gathered in, immediately straw is ploughed under Tanaka and take advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten straw fertilizing soil, remove field and surrounding ridge weeds and stubble. Execute farmyard manure in conjunction with real tillage every mu or the farm organic fertilizer 2000��3000kg such as barnyard manure or the person poultry muck 1000��2000kg or the rapeseed cake 150��200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed that become thoroughly decomposed, separately add ground phosphate rock 40kg, potassium ore deposit powder 20kg make base manure. Acid heavier soil also to be executed unslaked lime 50��100kg/ mu when ploughing. Two plough two rakes, make face, field smooth, keep active layer 20��25cm, and keep 2��5cm shoaling layer, accomplish that face, field is smooth, mud is lived, soil is fertile, grass is clean, water foot treats field planting.

2. cultivation water chestnut anosis strong sprout

Fruit variety: select disease-resistant, strong stress resistance, bulb is big, skin is thin, taste is sweet, the thin slag of matter is few, high yield, the high-quality water chestnut kind being applicable to locality cultivation, such as the improved seeds such as No. 1, Hubei Province shepherd's purse, No. 2, osmanthus hoof, Xiaogan water chestnut, 91-33 water chestnut, Guilin water chestnut, husky ocean water chestnut, group wind water chestnut, meeting prosperous water chestnut, Yuhang Radix Campylotropis Hirtella (Herba Myrsines Africanae), Suzhou water chestnut.

Reserving seed for planting and select with kind of shepherd's purse: formerly year water chestnut Later growth, growth selection neat and consistent, the field that plant division is strong, nothing lodges, anosis worm endangers of tillering make seed field. Dig when gathering and get profile whole, the epidermis of circle and pass the winter without damaged, terminal bud lateral bud sturdy sound, skin Vandyke brown, heavy more than the 20g of single bulb, the bulb storage with institute's Cultivar feature, it is also possible to preserve at field wintering and dug direct nursery March in next year.

Nurturing staff: the Yangtze valley should adopt two-phase method nursery, i.e. one-phase nursery (drought seedling) and two stages nursery (rice seedling bed seedling) two-phase method nursery, shepherd's purse 110��200 need to be planted, sowing quantity 2.0��5.0kg in every mu of land for growing field crops. A. first stage nursery (nonirrigated farmland nursery): general at early and middle ten days selection in April hidding and sunny side, loosing soil, fertile nonirrigated farmland or vegetable garden soil, hoe pine table soil about 10cm, carefully uproots soil hoe broken, be made into the seedbed of the wide 100��150cm of furrow; From storage or field wintering preserve after dig water chestnut in select again full, epidermis is smooth and color and luster is consistent, individual evenly big, terminal bud and lateral bud are complete, healthy and strong, without wound, rot, there is the bulb of this kind feature, soak 18��24 hours with clean clear water, take out and drain bright water, neatly come in seedbed according to line-spacing 15��20cm, spacing in the rows 5��8cm, make terminal bud upwards, uniform fold thin sand and soil after spray vola water, thickness to cover terminal bud be advisable, regularly water and keep soil moistening to playing a seedling; Early stage takes Small plastic shed because of the low need of temperature and lid plastics film carries out vernalization, and after entering May, available Shading net covering prevents direct sunlight from burning seedling, transplants to rice seedling bed as kind of ball terminal bud length 20��25cm and carries out subordinate phase nursery. B. subordinate phase nursery (rice seedling bed nursery): generally select, mid-May, the paddy field that irrigation and drainage are convenient, organic matter is abundant, execute the farm organic fertilizer 2000��3000kg or the dung polluted water 1500��2000kg or the cake fertilizer 150kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu and make base manure, turn over seedling field by the soil water plough be made into pasty state, accomplish that the flat mud in field is rotten; In mid or late May, transplantation of seedlings from cultivating seedlings in dry land seedbed, with reference to seeding row spacing 40��50cm �� 50��60cm, every cave 1 strain seedling; Water irrigating depth 2��3cm in early stage after transplanting seedlings, the most deeply no more than 4cm, the later stage depth of water keeps 3��5cm; Topdress seedling stage and should gently execute duty and execute, transplant latter about 15 days every mu water and execute 30% loose stool water or rare methane liquid 500��1000kg, and weed mud weeding, every about 10 days every mu water again and execute 30% loose stool water or rare methane liquid 500��1000kg; After 30��40 days, seedling is up to 35��more than 40cm, field planting during cladophyllumm thick more than 0.5cm.

3. field planting in good time

General in mid or late July field planting, it is no more than the beginning of autumn at the latest. 1 clump, every cave during field planting, every clump has 3��5 cladophyllumms, and to enter, mud 10��12cm's field planting degree of depth is advisable. If rice shoot is too high, the tip of a branch should be cut, stay the high 30��35cm of cladophyllumm, or tip of a branch discounting is planted in water, in order to avoid being fractureed by wind after field planting and shaking stock. In order to improve field ventilation and penetrating light, reducing the generation of disease and pest, should suitably rare plant during organic farming, density is generally 2500��3000 caves/mu, with reference to seeding row spacing 40��50cm �� 50��60cm.

4. field management

Topdress: the principle of " front control steady, middle, then attack " is grasped in fertilising, will use sufficient base manure in good time, early stage of topdressing based on nitrogenous fertilizer, the later stage is based on potash fertilizer. Topdress for 1st time after field planting 7��10 days, transplant and combine first time after turning green and intertill every mu and execute the human excrement 400��500kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed, to promote early to tiller plant division; Topdress every 10��15 days 2nd time, greatly about the mid-August of plant vigorous growth, execute the cake fertilizer 70��80kg or plant ash 100��200kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed in conjunction with weeding every mu and promote envelope row; Topdress at early and middle ten days in September 3rd time, knot ball is imposed in right amount fertile according to full field growing state, execute the cake fertilizer 100kg or methane liquid 750kg that becomes thoroughly decomposed for every mu when the general center strain in the intensification of ground cladophyllumm color, mitogenetic strain starts pumping scape, separately add potassium ore deposit powder 20kg, to promote knot shepherd's purse.

Water management: keep about 3cm shoaling layer in order to taking root during field planting, keep the depth of water 5��8cm in order to the root and stem of certain plants of living after field planting, keep shoaling layer 2��5cm in order to plant division after turning green, accelerate to deepen gradually to pour water along with plant strain growth later, vigorous period keeps water layer 6��9cm, at the beginning of by the end of August to 9 month as stem leaf grew prosperous want appropriateness draining dry field, to suppress too much plant division, promote to tie shepherd's purse ahead of time, expansion of corms phase mid-September to mid-October keeps the depth of water 5��10cm, late October, field started to cut off the water supply, and maintenance shallow water is moistening; Mid or late November, trench digging draining was in order to excavating.

Intertill and clean tillage: combining for 7��10 days after field planting topdresses carries out first time intertillage, pulls out weeds with hand. Combining every 10��15 days topdresses for the second time carries out second time intertill and clean tillage, it has been found that the ground of Miao Mi can pull out a part of thin and delicate seedling, promotes ventilation and penetrating light, makes strain clump robust growth, strengthens disease resistance. The formation of corm phase is strictly on guard against that people and animals go to the field, in order to avoid stepping on disconnected underground stolon.

The prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control: preferentially use cultural control, such as reasonable crop rotation, select disease-resistant worm kind, select anosis field to reserve seed for planting, select anosis kind of ball to do kind, nurturing staff; Rational close planting, suitably rare plant, keep ventilation and penetrating light between good strain; Strengthen cultivation management, apply fertilizers scientifically, enrich phosphorus, potash fertilizer, strengthen plant resistant to diseases and insects; Cleaning rural area in time, winter, residual for field stem dead leaf was all removed after withering by cladophyllumm, focuses on or retting compost, roots out limit, field weeds, reduced the primary source of infection of disease and pest in the coming year; Science Guan Shui, avoid going here and there fill with, flood irrigation and the water by morbidity Tanaka pour into anosis Tanaka, period of disease appropriateness dry field, reduces humidity, is advisable to shine to face, field moistening little cracking (namely mud surface is firmly, and the inside is soft), rehydration immediately behind knot face; Land for growing field crops plough when turning over every mu execute unslaked lime 50��100kg and carry out soil disinfection. Advocating and adopt biological and physical control, protection frog class predation field insect, utilizes the natural enemy predation insects such as trichogramma, Cao Ling, Encarsia formosa, ladybug, wasp fly; Adopt frequency ventilating type insecticidal lamp or sex attractant trapping prodenia litura, white standing grain snout moth's larva etc., adopt yellow card's trap alatae adult. Their early stage pull out in time diseased plant take field out of outside buried, if desired can with subtilis or Bacillus licheniformis or Paenibacillus polymyxa controlling disease, with Bt preparation pest control.

5. gather

Big about mid or late November, the terrestrial stem leaf of water chestnut starts withered and yellow from top to bottom and withered lodging gradually, when bulb color of the leather is transformed into yellowish brown to sorrel by white, bulb maturation can gather. General after mid-December, mean daily temperature is down to less than 5 DEG C, sugar degree height in bulb, the sweet succulence of taste, is the suitableeest phase of gathering. Collection period was advisable with early Febuary in late December to next year. General output 1500��2500kg/ mu.

In sum, not only product are of fine quality for watermelon, water chestnut and the paddy rice that organic farming alternating method of the present invention is produced, and meet the specification of quality of organic farm products, and output height, do not have notable difference with the output of conventional cultivation; In planting process, disease and pest occurs light, soil fertility effectively to be improved, the inventive method crop rotation is adopted to cultivate for many years, whole structure performance is stable, it does not have occur that disease and pest increases the weight of the phenomenon declined year by year with output year by year as common rice field-upland field rotation organic farming (CK2).

Claims (10)

1. a spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method, it is characterised in that, comprise the following steps:

(1) organic farming production base is set up;

(2) adopting following rotation system to cultivate: within the 1st year, to cultivate successively: spring and summer stubble watermelon late rice Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici), within the 2nd year, cultivate successively: early rice water chestnut, a crop rotation cycle is 2 years;

(3) organic watermelons, organic paddy rice and the cultivation of organic water chestnut is carried out according to the specification of quality of organic farm products and production specifications, and by straw-returning and retting fertilizer and plantation green manure fertilizing soil.

2. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon according to claim 1, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method, it is characterized in that, organic farming production base described in step (1) is traffic convenience, irrigation and drainage are convenient, away from city and industrial district, ecological condition is good, heavy metal free and pesticide residual contamination, away from refuse tip and other source of pollution and traffic trunk main, and there are the agricultural producing areas of Sustainable Production ability, soil environment quality requires the secondary standard being not less than in " soil environment quality standard " (GB15618-1995), irrigation water water quality meets the regulation of " agricultural irrigation water quality standard " (GB5084-2005), the secondary standard that ambient air quality is not less than in " ambient air quality " (GB3095-2012), the cultivated area of each organic farming production base is not less than 10 hectares, and production base is linked to be sheet, has integrity, and there are obvious isolation strip or buffering band in organic production base and conventional boundary place, production plot.

3. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that, described organic farming comprises following measure:

In whole cultivation, prohibit the use the artificial chemistry synthetic comprising agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, weedicide, hormone and growth regulator, do not use genetic engineering technique and product thereof, to maintain balance and the species diversity of farmland ecosystem;

Only allowing application of organic fertilizers, plantation green manure and straw-returning fertilizing soil in whole cultivation, fertilizer uses one or more in fertilizer, efficient organic fertilizer and the bio-bacterial manure fully become thoroughly decomposed; Except using animal excrement and plant retting fertilizer, green manure, plant ash, cake fertilizer, biogas manure, moreover it is possible to use potassium ore deposit powder, ground phosphate rock, calcium chloride, also can use organic fertilizer and microbial fertilizer;

The control of disease pest and weed is based on agricultural synthesis control, adopt biological and physical method control, the agricultural chemicals of synthetic is not used to carry out chemical prevention, when there being disease and pest to occur, utilize and allow the mineral substance used or plant medical agent to carry out prevention and elimination of disease and pests, the pyrethrum of tubatoxin, plant origin, emulsified vegetable oil and diatomite can also be used, and comprise the control that bacillus thuringensis, the microorganism of Bt preparation and preparation thereof carry out disease and pest, also can use sulphur, lime, lime sulfur mixture, Bordeaux mixture prevention and elimination of disease and pests;

To be maintained the stable of farmland ecosystem in process of production, environmental pollution and ecological damage can not be caused, plant residue is all cleared up in time after every batch of crop harvesting, heap after climing for melon or straw collecting is made fertilizer or goes back field fertilizing soil on the spot, making to comprise that melon is climing, the agriculture organism of stalk is all fully utilized, the waste that can not degrade comprising plastic sheeting for farm use all to be reclaimed and to be used.

4. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method, it is characterized in that, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) described in step (2) is and the green manure crop of late rice Later growth interplanting, before Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) arrives harvesting after the neat fringe of late rice, hook head, in sowing at the beginning of mid or late September to 10 month, Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil by mid or late March��early April next year.

5. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method, it is characterized in that, organic watermelons cultivation described in step (3) is: front turn over early after water chestnut is gathered, and shines cultivation 1 batch of spring and summer stubble watermelon after soil; Comprise: select suitable variety of watermelon, cultivate anosis strong sprout, in good time field planting, field management and gather.

6. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, described variety of watermelon is the kind of applicable outdoor cropping or the kind of applicable facility cultivation, the kind being applicable to outdoor cropping is the middle large fruit High quality and diseases resistance Early-mid ripening kind being applicable to local cultivation, comprising: glad No. one of capital, glad No. 2 of capital, spring in century honey, anti-No. 1 of Zheng, assorted No. 5 of Zheng, No. 8, western agriculture, black sweet No. 5, Zheng anti-without No. 3, seed, Dongting No. 1, spend skin without seed; The kind being applicable to facility cultivation be disease-resistant, tolerance to low temperature and weak light, heat-resisting, strong stress resistance, wide adaptability, growth potential medium, easily bear fruit, high-quality small fruit type early mature watermelon kind that commodity melon good, single weighs 1.5��2kg, comprising: early spring carbuncle, by bit, cherub, Xin Jinlan, beautiful, tasteful and refined, Jin Fu, Huang little Yu, red little jade.

7. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method according to claim 5, it is characterised in that, the nursery of watermelon comprises common nursery and graft seedling growth, and common nursery is nutrition pot or seedling pan nursery; Graft seedling growth be select that disease-resistant and Grafting watermelon avidity is strong, well developed root system, thermotolerance by force, the stock variety of not easily early ageing carry out graft seedling growth, stock variety comprises: No. 3, river in Zhejiang Province anvil, No. 1, the glad anvil in capital, the magic power introduced from Japan, and No. 1, river in Zhejiang Province anvil and No. 1, cucurbit anvil.

8. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, the planting type of watermelon comprises cultivates or stand cultivation with climbing, the Plant adjustment mode cultivated with climbing is: adopt two climing formula or the training of three climing formulas, selects the 2nd or the 3rd female flower to carry out artificial supplementary pollination and promotes to bear fruit; The Plant adjustment mode of stand cultivation is: adopt single climing formula or the training of two climing formula, extract the 1st female flower as early as possible, the the 2nd or the 3rd female flower of selecting and remain carries out artificial supplementary pollination or puts honeybee supple-mentary pollination in a suitable place to breed promoting to bear fruit, and stays 8��10 leaves to pinch after bearing fruit more than joint position of bearing fruit.

9. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method, it is characterized in that, organic paddy rice cultivation described in step (3) comprises organic late rice and the cultivation of organic early rice, specifically: front gather as watermelon terminate after cleaning rural area, pour water and turn over and use sufficient cultivation 1 batch of late rice after base manure; Late rice selects the kind of suitable local ecotope in mid or late June seeding and seedling raising, mid or late July rice transplanting, the neat fringe of late rice, hook head after before harvesting, at the beginning of mid or late September to 10 month in rice field live green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici); Green manure Herba Astragali Melilotoidis (Herba Astragali Sinici) is ploughed under fertilizing soil in soil by mid or late March��early April next year, cultivates 1 batch of early rice after using sufficient base manure again; Early rice selects the kind of suitable local ecotope in late March��early April seeding and seedling raising, mid or late April rice transplanting, and straw is ploughed under Tanaka and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten straw fertilizing soil by early rice immediately after gathering in.

10. a kind of spring and summer stubble watermelon according to claim 1 or 2 or 3, paddy rice, water chestnut organic farming alternating method, it is characterized in that, organic water chestnut cultivation described in step (3) is: front do, after early rice is gathered in, straw ploughs under Tanaka immediately and takes advantage of high temperature and macerate rotten straw fertilizing soil, uses sufficient cultivation 1 batch of water chestnut after base manure in conjunction with arable land; Water chestnut selects the kind being applicable to local cultivation, in April early and middle ten days start to adopt two-phase method to cultivate anosis strong sprout, mid or late July field planting, early Febuary in mid or late November to next year gathers.