CN103298995B - 颜色和其他物理性能至层压物的转移 - Google Patents
颜色和其他物理性能至层压物的转移 Download PDFInfo
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- CN103298995B CN103298995B CN201180037975.6A CN201180037975A CN103298995B CN 103298995 B CN103298995 B CN 103298995B CN 201180037975 A CN201180037975 A CN 201180037975A CN 103298995 B CN103298995 B CN 103298995B
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Abstract
一种转移染料至复合材料的方法，所述方法包括：将染料施用至转移介质以产生着色的转移介质，使得该着色的转移介质与复合材料接触，并使用高压釜，应用加热、外部压力、真空压力中的至少一种将染料浸渍至复合材料以产生着色的复合材料。
Description
发明人：罗兰·约瑟夫·唐斯，克里斯托弗·米迦勒·亚当斯
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请为2010年8月3日提交的标题为“用于颜色转移至层压物复合材料和其他制品的***和方法”的美国专利申请No.61/370,448的非临时申请，美国专利申请No.61/370,448以全文引用方式并入本文。
背景技术
在典型的现有技术实施方案中，层压增强的材料是素色的并且不利于被染色或着色。一种公知的添加颜色至层压材料的技术是为材料涂色。然而，为材料涂色的缺点在于在使用中涂料剥落和在阳光下涂料随着时间而褪色。在柔性的层压材料中这些缺点非常明显。在另一现有技术的实施方案中，层压增强材料与膜或其他材料的额外的层结合以产生一种纤维增强的柔性织物。此其他额外的材料可以包括更传统的能被染色的织造布。这类材料通常在下述应用中发现：所述应用要求高性能而视觉或装饰外观是次要的。典型的被接受的外观是素色的，如所制造的那样，和/或缺乏视觉的颜色、图案、或图形。
然而，对于消费者来说，在各种应用中可能需要有更多的视觉吸引力的材料。因此，需要生产可着色的、能够被图案化的、或其他物理性能的层压增强材料，以及抗褪色材料。
附图说明
通过参考以下的优选实施方案与图相结合的详细说明，本发明的优势和具体的实施方案将被本领域的普通技术人员所理解，其中：
图1说明了旋转颜色转移***的示例性实施方案；
图2A和2B说明了加热加压颜色转移***的示例性实施方案和相应的压力图；
图3说明了示例性的加热加压方法的流程图；
图4A和4B说明了高压釜颜色转移***的示例性实施方案和相应的压力图；
图5说明了示例性高压釜方法的流程图；
图6说明了线性颜色转移***的示例性实施方案；和
图7说明了多层颜色转移叠堆的示例性实施方案。
具体实施方式
虽然在此对示例性实施例进行了足够详细的描述，使本领域技术人员能够实践本发明，应当注意的是，可以实现其他实施方案，并且可进行合理的材料、电气和机械变化，而不背离本发明的范围和精神。因此，下面详细的描述仅用于说明性目的。
材料
各种类型的复合材料包括织造材料和非织造材料。在示例性实施方案中，织造材料使用许多低旦尼尔的丝束（轻质纤维）。织造材料包括以纺织模式彼此上下穿过的纤维，此模式导致纤维“卷曲”。并且，在织造材料中，拉伸负载引起在纤维折叠部分处的横向负载，因为卷曲的纤维试图变直。横向载荷降低纤维强度至织物强度的转化并减少长期疲劳和蠕变断裂性能。在示例性实施方案中，更高性能的工程纤维具有更明显的与卷曲有关的性能降低。特别明显地是在具有轴向长丝性能最优化和降低的长丝横向性能的纤维中。
如在本文中所使用的，复合材料被定义为单向纤维的一个或多个层和在一个或多个方向上取向的聚合物基体层。相反，在示例性实施方案中，为了更容易的制造，非织造复合材料使用高旦尼尔丝束。非织造复合材料包括彼此不上下穿过的纤维，因此没有卷曲。非织造复合材料的优点是无限的纤维面积权重，即单位面积的纤维重量。换而言之，可在非织造材料中而不是在织造材料中使用较厚的纤维。另一个优点是能够使用以相对于其他层的任意角度取向的多个层来形成复合材料的能力。此外，在示例性实施方案中，设计非织造复合材料在所需的特定的位置或沿预定的负载路径上具有最佳的重量、厚度和强度。此外，由高模量纤维构造的非织造复合材料对于工程设计可具有可预见性和线性性能。
根据示例性实施方案，在制造过程中复合材料被浸渍了颜色。在各种实施方案中，该复合材料由一层或多层分布稀疏的高强度纤维（例如，芳族聚酰胺，聚酯，碳纤维，ZylonPBO，或涂布了粘合剂或其他材料的其他材料，或其任意组合）制得。此颜色可以是纯色、图案、或任意类型的图形，如在复合材料的一侧或两侧的图片或标志。浸渍的颜色的范围不受限制，允许的着色材料的可能性的范围广泛。例如，这种颜色的可能性包括二氧化钛白、炭黑、酞菁蓝、喹吖啶酮红、有机黄、酞菁绿、暗黄（dark yelloworcher）、埃尔科拉诺橙、威尼斯红、深褐、铬绿、群青和锡灰色。其他的可能性包括制造复合材料使其具有条纹、波尔卡点、图形、形状等。在示例性实施方案中，层压物膜和/或织物也可以具有预先加入的其他升华或非升华的色剂、发色母体、改性剂、或紫外或颜色稳定剂以与着色方法相互作用、增效、或改进着色方法。
在其他多个实施方案中，复合材料也可以具有被加入来改变材料的表面性质的多个涂层。可在添加至材料的颜色染料之外，或代替添加至材料的颜色染料而具有多个涂层。在第一示例性实施方案中，将膜涂层添加至材料中。具体的膜涂层可被用来增加或减少复合材料的拉伸强度、韧性、化学和尺寸稳定性、可焊性、气体阻隔性能、电性能、耐高温性、紫外或红外辐射性能、和/或降低摩擦系数。在第二示例性实施方案中，聚酰亚胺涂层被添加到复合材料中。聚酰亚胺涂层可以改变材料的电性能和介电性能。此外，聚酰亚胺涂层可被构造为在很宽的温度范围内提高材料性能的稳定性。在第三示例性实施方案中，将聚氟乙烯（PVF）膜，如泰德拉（Tedlar）添加到复合材料中。PVF膜有利于增加耐候性、长期耐久性、和环境稳定性。相似地，在第四示例性实施方案中，尼龙和氨基甲酸乙酯涂层都增加韧性并为柔性的，伴有更低的机械性能和渗透性能。
根据示例性实施方案，复合材料与织造涂层层叠以产生复合材料混合物。可掺入织造涂层以提高耐磨性。此外，在示例性实施方案中，可设计复合材料混合物以结合复合材料和涂层的多个材料性能，从而得到高强度、尺寸稳定的柔性复合材料。复合材料混合物应用的例子包括军事应用，如先进的视觉伪装和/或红外信号降低。另一个实施例是在防弹装甲背心上的用途。
在示例性实施方案中，实施升华浸渍来得到对复合材料的多个添加。此添加可以包括，例如，颜色、图案、和光泽的应用，镜面或红外反射率改进，抗微生物或药物，表面粘附改性剂，纳米材料的浸渍，介电改性剂，印刷导电金属或聚合物材料来增加电/介电导电特征或电路图案，和/或在层压物、表面膜、或表面织物中掺入阻燃材料或用于阻燃材料的协同组分。在示例性实施方案中，将紫外稳定剂或固化添加剂掺入材料。这些添加剂可以延长复合材料的使用寿命。
此外，在多个实施方案中，阻燃粘合剂或聚合物与复合材料一起使用。此外，可以将阻燃剂添加到可燃基体或隔膜中来改进复合材料的防火性。阻燃剂可以多种方式起作用，例如吸热降解、热屏蔽、气相稀释或气相自由基猝灭。阻燃添加剂的例子包括：DOW D.E.R.593溴化树脂、Dow Corning3阻燃树脂，和具有三氧化锑的聚氨酯树脂（如来自PDM Neptec公司的EMC-85/10A），尽管本领域技术人员已知其他的阻燃添加剂也是合适的。可用来提高防火性的阻燃添加剂的其他例子包括Fyrol FR-2、Fyrol HF-4、Fyrol PNX、Fyrol6和SaFRon7700，尽管本领域技术人员已知其他的阻燃添加剂也是合适的。在多个实施方案中，也可以通过使用阻燃纤维、陶瓷或金属丝长丝、固有阻燃纤维，或通过涂布纤维将阻燃性和自熄特征增加到纤维中。阻燃纤维的例子包括Nomex或Kevlar。固有阻燃纤维包括在纤维的制造过程中将阻燃化合物直接添加到纤维配方中的纤维。此外，可用包含阻燃化合物的胶、聚合物或粘合剂涂布纤维，所述阻燃化合物如本文所述的那些或本领域技术人员已知的其他合适的化合物。在其他多个实施方案中，在制备过程中，用在复合材料中的任意织造或纱（scrim）材料可由供应者预处理为阻燃性或用阻燃化合物涂布和浸渍。在示例性实施方案中，将紫外线稳定添加剂或固化添加剂掺入复合材料中。这些添加剂可以延长材料的使用寿命。
通过在此所阐述的多个应用方法中的任一个，将复合材料组装为具有多个外表面层的多层复合物，所述外表面层可以是着色的或有纹理的。外表面层可以是单方向的层、膜、非织造织物或毡，织造布，可焊的热塑性隔膜、防水透气隔膜和织物纱。这些外表面材料可以具有与浸渍转移、升华转移或辊转移的多个方法互补的最初的颜色或图案以得到所需的装饰或视觉效果。另外，为了调整成品的着色材料的饱和度、色调、不透明或光透射，也可以添加多个粉末色剂，有色染料或升华着色剂到单带层的粘结粘合剂或层压树脂组分中。为了进一步调整成品的着色材料的饱和度、色调、不透明或光透射，可以将一个或多个带色的、不透明的或光阻挡的膜添加到一个或多个层压物层界面之间。
在工业和工艺纺织品、服装、体育用品、水上运动、划艇和帆船材料、帆布、狩猎和捕鱼、气球和比空气轻的交通工具（Balloon andLighter Than Air vehicles）、商业织物、室内装饰品、充气结构、军用服装、齿轮、医学或防护制品或装置、张力结构、抗震结构增强材料、旗帜和标志和其他柔性材料或织物应用中，具有一些适合复合材料的应用，在此高性能、轻重量、高强度、抗扯裂和抗撕裂性、高柔性、弯曲寿命、耐久性、耐候性和柔性复合材料的独特的特点是非常可取的，但装饰或视觉颜色、图案、图形和其他视觉性能或效果也是材料或产物的预期目的一个重要组成部分。如对多个波长的紫外、可见、红外或其他区域的电磁谱的吸收或反射和/或表面纹理或形状、光泽度或光亮度、不透明度、光透射或光阻、或色牢度和抗褪色的性能也是所需的。
由于许多潜在的应用是以消费者为导向的，例如服装、户外、体育用品、狩猎和捕鱼、水上运动、划船和帆船、或医用织物或纺织品，其具有如阻燃或防火，防异味，防霉或抗微生物性，耐水性和/或透气性、耐化学性和耐磨性的特殊需求或特征，材料和方法的任意组合都用来满足对于预期用途的所需特性。
施加颜色的方法
可使用多个方法来促进染料到复合材料的转移。这些方法通常为两种方法：连续法和批处理法。连续法是一种材料以稳定的结网速率或以稳定的逐步停止和启动速率展开的方法。材料被组装、压固、着色、压纹和然后再次缠绕至重绕辊上。在批处理方法中，复合材料组分和着色剂被装载到压机、真空袋或高压釜内，然后进行加热/固化过程。
根据示例性实施方案，染料转移的多个方法可以包括来自印刷的或饱和的载体的热转移；通过喷墨或染料升华打印机直接印刷在层压物或表面膜上；向复合材料或基体上或复合材料或基体内掺入染料、色剂或直接升华颜色或图案；热转移到复合材料或膜上；浸泡或蘸浸渍。在示例性实施方案中，使用升华油墨以更加持久并永久着色。
根据示例性方法，使用转移载体基底将颜色施用到复合材料上。作为第一步，选择转移载体，如膜或纸。所施用的颜色可以是放置在转移载体之上的纯色、图案或图形。在多个示例性实施方案中，通过直接印刷或转移到层压材料的目标表面、层、或界面以促进将纯色施用至复合材料。转移方法中可以使用喷墨打印机、凹版印刷辊涂布机、槽模涂布头、蘸条浸泡涂布、网纹辊涂布、刮刀辊涂布机、反辊式涂布机和气刀涂布机中的至少一种。
在多个示例性实施方案中，可以通过使用喷墨打印机、升华打印机、柔版印刷工艺、网纹辊印刷、平版印刷中的至少一种以促进将图案或图形施用至复合材料。无论纯色或图案/图形是否转移，转移载体基底接近复合材料，这样如果使用单独的载体来转移、浸渍或升华颜色或图案至复合材料上，可通过多个方法和***来施加热。
实现颜色到复合材料的转移所应用的多个***和方法，包括加热旋转***、加热加压***、高压釜***、染料浸渍***、加热线性颜色转移***和基体颜料色剂着色。
加热旋转***
在示例性实施方案中以及参考图1，旋转颜色转移***100包括旋转加热辊110、拉伸带120、接收颜色的材料的辊130、和颜色转移载体140。旋转颜色转移***100是用于将颜色或图形施加到材料130上的连续的辊对辊方法。接收颜色的材料130可以是织物、布、膜、或层压材料。膜或织物可然后用于制造复合材料。例如，可以通过旋转颜色转移***100来使成品复合材料、膜或织物前体的辊运行以设定或浸渍颜色。在示例性实施方案中，在通过旋转颜色转移***100的压带机部分进料之前，可将材料130预涂布或预印刷上颜色。
在其它实施方案中，颜色转移载体140可以是膜或纸。颜色转移载体140能由开卷的辊提供，并通过旋转颜色转移***100加工从而将颜色或图案转移至如膜、织物和复合材料的材料130。相应地，拉伸带120与旋转加热辊110接触。此外，材料130和颜色转移载体140被加工为相互接触并在旋转加热辊110和拉伸带120之间被辊轧。颜色可以通过在线或离线直接印刷被施加到材料130上。在线方法包括将颜色或图案施用或涂布至复合材料、膜或织物、或作为旋转颜色转移***100的压带机部分的一部分的颜色载体140上。离线方法包括，在被安装到旋转颜色转移***100的压带机部分上之前，将颜色或图案施加或涂布至层压物、膜或织物、或作为独立批处理方法一部分的颜色载体140上。在示例性实施方案中，加热旋转带120可以与层压法内联在一起来使用。此外，颜色可以自颜色转移载体140转移。在示例性实施方案中，在旋转加热辊110和拉伸带120之间形成真空来促进颜色的浸渍和转移。可以使用本领域技术人员已知的多个方法来产生真空。
在示例性实施方案中，如图1所示，颜色转移载体140最接近旋转加热辊110，且材料130最接近拉伸带120。在其他示例性实施方案中，材料130最接近旋转加热辊110，且颜色转移载体140最接近拉伸带120。在示例性实施方案中，材料130和颜色转移载体140都是独立的辊，通过如上所述的旋转带方法来展开并处理，然后重绕至独立的辊上。
加热加压***
根据示例性实施方案并参考图2A和2B，加热加压颜色转移***200包括两个板210或其他类似的坚硬的表面、接收颜色的材料220、和颜色载体230。在另一实施方案中，加热加压颜色转移***200进一步包括由天然或合成橡胶制成的压力增强层240。例如，合适的垫板橡胶由Torr Technologies公司或Airtech International公司生产。压力增强层240被结合到两个板210中至少一个的内部，从而使压力增强层240在两个板210之间并与复合材料220和/或颜色载体230接触。在示例性实施方案中，压力增强层240具有至少一些压缩能力。此压缩有助于对两个板210施加额外的压力并转移压力至材料220和颜色载体230。在多个实施方案中，压力增强层240可以具有一个或多个光滑镜表面、光滑磨砂表面，和有纹理或图案的表面的组合，以提供所需的补充着色剂的表面光泽或纹理。
在示例性方法中并参考图3，加热加压方法300包括四个主要步骤。首先，施加颜色色剂/染料转移到颜色载体，此颜色载体可以包括在一侧或两侧具有表面膜或织物表面的复合材料，或可以包括转移纸/膜载体310。在多个实施方案中，所述膜或布表面可以并入互补色或在层压物的一侧或两侧上的预先印刷的图案、图像或设计。另外，转移纸/膜载体可以包括纯色、一个或多个彩色图案或打印的图形以形成图像、设计、或图片。此外，转移介质还可以包括光滑的或有纹理的表面，以在着色表面的一侧或两侧上赋予表面所需程度的光泽或光滑纹理图案。第二，放置颜色色剂/染料转移使其与复合材料接触320。第三，施加热和压力以将颜色、图形、纹理或图案转移、升华、和/或浸渍至材料330。温度通常为大约70°F至大约650°F，压力为从保持材料的紧密接触的最低值（通常是2psi）至10,000psi的最大值。施加的温度和压力取决于所使用的具体的着色剂、着色剂施用至的基底、和所需的层压或压固的程度。第四，冷却材料至某一温度，从而使成品保持平坦或保持所需形状，并且使得成品着色材料无损坏、扭曲，或层离。一旦***在移除温度下或低于移除温度，从加热加压机移除材料和颜色载体340。
在另一示例性实施方案中，加热加压颜色转移***进一步包括真空以在过程中增加压力。示例性的真空可以通过在可密封的真空室内封装压机压板或在真空袋***内封装层压物产生。所用的真空可为大约5至大约29英寸汞柱（Hg）。一旦应用了真空，该装置被放置在压机内，使得在加热循环和冷却循环的曲线过程中压机压板使用合适的压力曲线。应用真空有利于帮助升华着色剂进入基底，降低升华着色剂转移发生的温度，从材料去除任何残留的空气或气泡，并防止在较高的温度下氧化。如果合适，该材料可暴露于紫外线或电子束辐射下以固化或凝固可固化的色剂或染料。
高压釜***
根据示例性实施方案并参考图4A和图4B，高压釜颜色转移***400包括在真空袋430内的刚性的或增强的弹性体的工具板410和任选的刚性或弹性体的垫板420。在多个实施方案中，工具板410通常为具有光滑表面的硬板，而垫板420可更薄和/或比工具板410更适形。真空袋430可以采用柔性的、不渗透的材料制成，或可以是柔性的、不渗透的弹性体隔膜。或者，真空袋430可密封至第一垫板410的侧面或外表面。真空袋430通常是具有合适的耐温性和耐压性的0.001-0.015英寸厚的尼龙或其他柔性膜，并用粘性的高温填塞带或条来密封。合适的袋和密封剂材料包括Airtech Securelon L500Y尼龙真空袋和TMI粘性带或Aerotech AT-200Y密封剂带。另外，如果在真空袋处使用隔膜，此隔膜通常是低硬度、耐高温的硅酮橡胶，并通常具有0.032-0.060英寸的厚度。
在直接印刷或颜色转移至材料处，高压釜***400进一步包括一个或多个颜色转移载体440和着色剂接收材料或层压物450。颜色转移载体440被放置与接收材料450接触，在此两者都在工具板410和垫板420之间。对于在高压和高温下操作或大面积操作的实施方案，在垫板的顶部可包括可渗透毡或非织造透气材料，以允许空气在真空袋430下自由流动从而提供均匀的压实压力。合适的透气材料的一个实施例是Airtech Airweave10。真空袋430内部的空气通过真空龙头460移除，其在***400内产生压力差以提供在真空袋430内侧的部分上的压实压力。在示例性实施方案中，真空袋430可被放置在加压的高压釜470内部，以将在高压釜470内部、真空袋430外部的高压压力升高至预定的水平。预定的水平可能是高达1000psi的环境大气压力，以在真空袋430下的压力被保持为2至29英寸汞柱的真空时提供压实力。
在示例性实施方案中，热在高压环境中更易产生，并有利于染料至接收材料450的转移。高压釜内部的温度可以被设定为预定的加热速率曲线，温度保持和冷却曲线。典型的温度斜坡速率从2-50°F每分钟变化，至70°F-600°F的温度，冷却速率为2-20°F每分钟。对于冷却曲线，冷却材料至某一温度，使得成品保持平坦或为所需的形状，并且成品着色材料没有损坏、扭曲或层离。一旦***在移除温度下或低于移除温度，从高压釜中移除材料和颜色载体并从袋中移除。在示例性实施方案中，高压釜颜色转移***400是非常有效的，并可以被并入到复合材料高压釜或真空袋制造方法中。
在一个示例性的方法中并参考图5，高压釜方法500包括四个主要步骤。首先，将颜色色剂/染料转移施用至颜色载体，颜色载体可包括在一侧或两侧具有表面膜或布表面的层压物，或转移纸/膜载体510。在层压物一侧或两侧上，膜或布表面可并入互补色或预先印刷好的图案、图像或设计。转移纸或介质可以包含纯色，单色或多色图案或打印好的图形，以形成图像、设计或图片。转移介质还可以包括光滑的或有纹理的表面以在被着色的一侧或两侧上赋予表面给定程度的光泽、光滑纹理图案。第二，将颜色色剂/染料转移放置为与复合材料接触520。第三，施加热和压力、和真空以转移和/或浸渍或升华颜色、图形、纹理、或图案至材料530。温度通常为约70°F至约650°F，压力为从保持材料紧密接触的最小值（通常是环境大气压）至1000psi的最大值。施加的温度和压力取决于所使用的具体的着色剂、着色剂施用至的基底、和所需的层压或压固的程度。第四，冷却材料至某一温度，使得成品保持平坦或为所需的形状，并且使得成品着色材料无损坏、扭曲或层离。一旦***在移除温度下或低于移除温度，从真空袋工具装置上移除材料和颜色载体540。在多个合适的实施方案中，此材料可被暴露在紫外线或电子束辐射下以固化或凝固可固化的色剂或染料。
线性颜色转移***
在示例性实施方案中并参考图6，线性颜色转移***600包括一个旋转的水平带式压机610，膜或隔膜620，和颜色转移载体630。循环转动带形成能够对复合材料650施加均匀连续的压固压力的连续过程，颜色转移膜或纸载体630保持紧密接触以浸渍或升华颜色转移。将所述材料加热至足够的温度以在加压加热区进行颜色浸渍并然后冷却复合材料和颜色转移介质至等于或低于对于复合材料的安全移除温度的温度。线性颜色转移***600可以是用来将颜色或图形施用至复合材料650连续的辊对辊过程。接收颜色的复合材料650可以是织物、布、膜、或层压材料。膜或织物620随后可以用来制造复合材料。例如，成品复合材料、膜或织物620前体的辊所组装的层的网可以通过线性颜色转移***600以固定或浸渍颜色。在示例性实施方案中，在通过线性颜色转移***600的压带机部分进料之前，材料650可以通过印刷机、涂布机或处理器660被预涂布或预印刷上颜色。随后可以使着色的复合材料通过一组压延机或压花辊670，以将光滑的光泽表面或亚光表面施加至复合材料，或对一个或两个外表面施加纹理。辊670可以被加热、激冷或放置在室温下，这取决于所需的表面抛光，表面纹理，复合材料从压机的带部分离开的温度或具体材料。用于复合材料的结网的通常的运行速度为2-250ft/分钟。轧辊670和压机610的带部分可被设置为预定的间隙，或对预设的辊缝为预设的压力，或设置缝为零且具有预设压力，以确保使用给定的压力分布完全压固。通常的缝设置为0.0002”直至0.125”，通常的压力为5至1000lbf/线性英寸宽。所述辊和带***可被加热以压固材料和/或转移、浸渍或升华入复合材料的一侧或两侧。单独的层可用手工扭绞、通过自动带扭绞或通过自动机器人拾取和放置操作被安置在网的上部。此外，通常的加热温度设定点为70°F至550°F。
辐射固化***，如电子束或紫外灯阵列，可以被线性的放置。此线性***的一个优势是，它能将单带层的组合集成入结构增强体，将着色剂的应用、将多个任意内部或表面膜层、非织造布层和织造层的掺入集成入多步骤集成制造过程，在此过程中基础单带（base unitape）被转化为成品的着色辊商品。
多层复合材料颜色浸渍
在示例性实施方案中，多层复合材料颜色的浸渍可以使用如***200的加热加压颜色转移***或如***400的高压釜颜色转移***来进行。在任一方法中并参考图7，包括多个垫板710、阻隔/透气层720、颜色载体730和层压物740的多层叠堆可以被***200和***400中所述的复合材料和颜色载体的单独叠堆取代。
批处理染料浸渍
在示例性实施方案中，复合材料、表面膜和表面织物也可以具有通过批处理染色或浸渍被并入的颜色。在这个方法中，复合材料、膜或织物的辊可以用颜色介质或色剂饱和，并放置在容器中，暴露于合适的热、压力或真空方案以施用以浸渍颜色介质。以这种方式处理的膜或织物可然后被并入至层压物内。
基体颜料和色剂着色
在示例性实施方案中，将颜料添加到粘合剂中，其并入单向纤维带制造过程中，从而得到随后用于复合材料制造的颜色浸渍的单向带。例如，所述色素添加剂包括二氧化钛白、炭黑、酞菁蓝、喹吖啶酮红、有机黄、酞菁绿、暗黄、埃尔科拉诺橙、威尼斯红、深褐、铬绿、群青和锡灰色。在示例性实施方案中，由使用着色的单带得到的着色的复合材料可额外地使用前述方法染色，即加热旋转***100，加热加压***200/300，高压釜***400/500，线性***600，多层层压物颜色浸渍700，批处理染料浸渍。
对于材料、工艺、方法和制造的补充细节，参考发表于1995年11月28日的美国专利No.5,470,062，题为“COMPOSITE MATERIAL FORFABRICATION OF SAILS AND OTHER ARTICLES”，和发表于1994年8月2日美国专利No.5,333,568，题为“MATERIAL FOR THEFABRICATION OF SAILS”，和2011年6月24日申请的美国专利申请No.13/168912，题为“WATERPROOF BREATHABLE COMPOSITEMATERIALS FOR FABRICATION OF FLEXIBLE MEMBRANESAND OTHER ARTICLES”，其内容以全文引用方式并入本文。
参照具体实施方案，已描述了益处、其他优点、和问题的解决方法。然而，所述益处、优点、问题的解决方案和可引起任意益处、优点，或解决方案出现或变得更为明显的任意元素并不被解释为权利要求中的任一项或所有权利要求的决定性的、所需的，或必要的特征或元素。本文所用的术语“包含”、“包括”或其任何其他变体，旨在涵盖非排他性包含，从而包括一系列元素的过程、方法、制品、或装置不仅包括那些元素，也可包括没有明确列举的其他元素或这些过程、方法、制品、或装置固有的元素。此外，除非明确地描述为“必要的”或“决定性的”，本文描述的元素并非实践本发明所要求的。
Claims (4)
1.一种转移染料至复合材料的方法，所述方法包括：
将染料施用至转移介质以产生着色的转移介质；
使得该着色的转移介质与复合材料接触；以及
使用高压釜，应用加热、外部压力、真空压力中的至少一种将染料浸渍至复合材料以产生着色的复合材料；
其中复合材料包括单向纤维的一个或多个层和在一个或多个方向上取向的聚合物基体层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述转移介质是转移纸、转移层压物或转移膜中的至少一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中染料可被施用在图案、图形或标志形状的转移介质上，并且其中着色的复合材料被浸渍为分别具有相匹配的图案、图形或标志。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中使用直接印刷将染料施用在转移介质上。
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| JP (1) | JP2013535587A (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101883019B1 (zh) |
| CN (2) | CN103298995B (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2011285735B2 (zh) |
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| JP2013535587A (ja) | 2013-09-12 |
| AU2011285735A1 (en) | 2013-03-21 |
| EP2601343B1 (en) | 2021-06-16 |
| KR20140003385A (ko) | 2014-01-09 |
| EP2601343A4 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
| CN105200827A (zh) | 2015-12-30 |
| KR101883019B1 (ko) | 2018-07-27 |
| CN103298995A (zh) | 2013-09-11 |
| EP2601343A1 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
| AU2011285735B2 (en) | 2014-02-06 |
| US8343574B2 (en) | 2013-01-01 |
| WO2012018959A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
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