WO2021056981A1 - 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
Claims (9)
- 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:(1)将能在高温下产生SiO x(0<x≤2)蒸汽的原料A和能够与SiO x蒸汽反应生成硅酸盐的原料B在非氧化气氛下干燥处理;(2)将上述干燥后的原料A和原料B在真空下高温处理为蒸汽,之后将两者产生的蒸汽均匀混合后冷凝沉积;(3)将上述沉积后的材料破碎至合适粒度后进行碳包覆,得到硅基复合负极材料。其中,步骤(1)中所述原料A为硅粉、氧化亚硅粉末、二氧化硅粉末中的一种或两种及以上的组合;所述原料B选自碱金属、碱土金属、第三主族元素单质以及它们的氧化物和合金中的至少一种,条件是合金占原料B的20wt%以上。
- 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述高温处理是先加热至1000-1600℃,保温时间为10-16h;再逐渐降低温度900-1200℃,保温时间为6-10h。3、如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱金属、碱土金属、第三主族元素单质选自锂、钠、镁、钙、铝;它们的氧化物/过氧化物选自氧化锂、过氧化锂、氧化钠、过氧化钠、氧化镁、过氧化镁、氧化钙、过氧化钙、氧化钾、过氧化钾、氧化铝的至少一种,合金选自镁锂合金、镁钠合金、镁钙合金、镁铝合金、镁锰合金。
- 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述合金占原料B的30wt%以上,优选的,合金占原料B的50wt%以上。
- 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述真空炉的真空度为1-100Pa,所述冷凝沉积温度为100-200℃。
- 如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述真空加热是通过具有沉积***的真空炉实现的;所述具有沉积***的真空炉具有一个或两个及以上的加热腔体;当真空炉具有一个加热腔体,原料A和原料B在该加热腔体内加热产生蒸气进行反应;当真空炉具有两个及以上加热腔体,将原料A和原料B分别放置于不同的加热腔体。
- 如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,当真空炉具有两个以上加热腔体时,放置原料A的加热腔的加热温度为1200-1600℃;放置原料B的加热腔的加热温度为1000-1200℃。
- 如权利要求6或7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,加热腔体的气体进入沉积***的气路口径可调,进入沉积***的气体流量为原料A的蒸汽和原料B的蒸气体积流量比为100:1-20,更优选为100:5-15。
- 如权利要求8所述的制备方法,其特征在于,碳材料占硅基复合材料的5%-10wt%,所述的碳包覆的包覆层厚度为1-30nm,优选为5-20nm。
- 权利要求1-9任一项所述制备方法制备得到的硅基复合负极材料,其特征在于,其含有无定形氧化亚硅。
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