CN110615423B - 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 - Google Patents
一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN110615423B CN110615423B CN201910907245.5A CN201910907245A CN110615423B CN 110615423 B CN110615423 B CN 110615423B CN 201910907245 A CN201910907245 A CN 201910907245A CN 110615423 B CN110615423 B CN 110615423B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- raw material
- silicon
- alloy
- magnesium
- based composite
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 63
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 63
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon monoxide Chemical compound [Si-]#[O+] LIVNPJMFVYWSIS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium superoxide Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][O-] XXQBEVHPUKOQEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium magnesium Chemical group [Li].[Mg] GCICAPWZNUIIDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000002978 peroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910000882 Ca alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004343 Calcium peroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium peroxide Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][O-] SPAGIJMPHSUYSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000914 Mn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000528 Na alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium peroxide Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][O-] LHJQIRIGXXHNLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000019402 calcium peroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium peroxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-][O-] HPGPEWYJWRWDTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- NEMFQSKAPLGFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesiosodium Chemical compound [Na].[Mg] NEMFQSKAPLGFIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KBMLJKBBKGNETC-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium manganese Chemical compound [Mg].[Mn] KBMLJKBBKGNETC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960004995 magnesium peroxide Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[K+].[K+] CHWRSCGUEQEHOH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001950 potassium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Na+].[Na+] KKCBUQHMOMHUOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001948 sodium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium peroxide Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][O-] PFUVRDFDKPNGAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010406 cathode material Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 19
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 10
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000007790 solid phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 6
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011258 core-shell material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002210 silicon-based material Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000840 electrochemical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009830 intercalation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002687 intercalation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001291 vacuum drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical group O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-acetylene Natural products C#C HSFWRNGVRCDJHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011300 coal pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021419 crystalline silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000002534 ethynyl group Chemical group [H]C#C* 0.000 description 2
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002006 petroleum coke Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011301 petroleum pitch Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Si] Chemical compound [C].[Si] HMDDXIMCDZRSNE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Si] Chemical group [O].[Si] OBNDGIHQAIXEAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021417 amorphous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012300 argon atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001273 butane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000157 electrochemical-induced impedance spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021389 graphene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007770 graphite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001307 helium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052734 helium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N helium atom Chemical compound [He] SWQJXJOGLNCZEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052743 krypton Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N krypton atom Chemical compound [Kr] DNNSSWSSYDEUBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butane Chemical compound CCCC IJDNQMDRQITEOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-pentane Natural products CCCCC OFBQJSOFQDEBGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005543 nano-size silicon particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011331 needle coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052754 neon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N neon atom Chemical compound [Ne] GKAOGPIIYCISHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021426 porous silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0471—Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/20—Silicates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/05—Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1391—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/364—Composites as mixtures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/483—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/72—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2002/00—Crystal-structural characteristics
- C01P2002/70—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data
- C01P2002/74—Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by peak-intensities or a ratio thereof only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/04—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/021—Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
Abstract
本发明提供了一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法,其是将含有Si的原料A和能反应生成硅酸盐的还原性物质原料B在真空加热条件下形成蒸汽,反应后在沉积***中冷凝沉积,之后进行碳包覆得到硅基复合材料。发明人预料不到发现,在原料B中加入一定量合金,能够减少硅基复合材料中晶区的比例,进而提高了负极材料的首次库伦效率和循环稳定性。本发明提供的制备方法也具有方法简单、原料便宜易得、适宜大规模生产、实用化程度高等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于电池技术领域,具体涉及一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法。
背景技术:
随着便携式电子产品、电动交通工具以及储能电站等领域的快速发展,人们对储能设备的能量密度、功率密度和循环寿命等性能指标的要求也越来越高。锂离子电池由于具有高比容量、高能量密度和功率密度、无自放电、绿色环保等优点,已经在消费电子、电动工具、医疗电子等领域获得了广泛应用。然而目前商业化锂离子电池中的负极材料主要是低容量的石墨类材料,其理论容量仅为372mAh/g,限制了锂离子电池在电动交通工具及规模储能等领域中的应用。因此,开发锂离子电池高容量负极材料是解决当今社会能源问题的关键。
在新型锂离子电池负极材料方面,硅基负极材料因具有超高的储锂容量(4200mAh/g)和较低的电压平台,是非常理想的下一代锂离子电池负极材料而受到广泛关注。然而,硅基材料在充放电脱嵌锂离子的过程中具有较多问题:1.巨大的体积变化:硅材料在锂离子嵌入过程中体积会膨胀至原来的300%,在脱出锂离子时体积又急剧收缩,从而造成活性材料颗粒破碎以及电极片脱落粉化,循环寿命急剧下降;2.不可逆容量大,库伦效率低:硅基材料的首次库伦效率较低,特别是氧化亚硅材料,由于含有能消耗锂离子的非活性组分,首次充放电过程中会产生大量的不可逆容量,从而使正极匹配困难,全电池效率低且循环寿命短;3.极低的电导率:硅本身为半导体,导电性能差,不利于电子的快速传递,从而影响硅基负极材料容量的正常发挥。
针对上述体积膨胀问题,专利CN 108448096 A公开了一种高容量核壳型无定形碳基复合材料,该发明采用多面体笼型低聚倍半硅氧烷作为碳硅包覆层的前驱体,进一步包覆导电碳或热裂解碳,制得核壳型无定形碳基复合材料。核壳型的复合材料有效缓解了循环过程中的体积膨胀,具有优异的循环性能,然而核壳型的结构在电极片制备过程中不能保持既有形貌,经过极片辊压会暴露新的界面而不断生长SEI,造成电池性能衰减。
专利CN201110149645公开了一种利用镁热还原制备多孔硅的方法,该发明是用大量的镁将氧化亚硅还原为硅,从而解决氧化亚硅中的氧消耗锂离子的问题,然而该方法破坏了氧化亚硅原有的硅氧结构,不能有效缓冲体积膨胀,而使电池的循环性能较差。
现有技术中报道了很多为了解决硅基负极材料,采用了在硅基材料中将部分SiOx转化为硅酸盐形式作为缓冲点,在电池充放电过程中,硅酸盐作为非活性物质不会发生膨胀,进而减少了硅基负极材料的膨胀率。CN106356508A公开了一种硅基负极材料,包括硅、硅氧化物(SiOx,0<x≤2)。使SiO蒸汽和还原物质蒸汽以气相形式反应,凝结得到所述复合物作为硅基负极材料。CN106537659A中公开了负极活性材料,其是在高温下加热氧化硅粉末和金属M,形成硅酸盐分布在硅基复合材料中起到缓冲膨胀的作用。CN105849953A公开了一种纳米硅/石墨烯复合负极材料,
氧化亚硅本身是硅原子和氧原子均匀分布的,但是由于处理温度的问题,硅原子会团聚在一起形成硅晶区,晶区越多则说明硅的团聚越严重,而晶区中的硅在充放电的时候的体积膨胀明显要比均匀分散的氧化亚硅的大,导致电池的循环稳定性没有均匀分散的好,所以材料要尽量做成无定形。因此,开发一种能够在制备过程中减少负极材料晶区比例的硅基复合材料,具有极为重要和实际的意义。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于解决现有硅基复合材料首圈库伦效率低和循环性能不佳的问题,提供了一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法,提升当前锂离子电池负极材料的循环寿命和能量密度。
本发明使用原位掺杂碱金属、碱土金属元素或第三主族元素的方法制备出一种用于锂离子电池的硅基复合负极材料。与其他制备方法相比,本发明方法得到的硅基复合材料中能与锂离子结合的非活性组分(主要是氧化亚硅中的氧)被掺入的还原性元素组分预先消耗,且其产物硅酸盐能缓冲嵌锂过程中产生的体积膨胀。发明人预料不到地发现,采用一部分合金替代金属单质或者金属氧化物/过氧化物,得到的硅基复合材料晶区比例小,有利于提高负极材料的循环寿命和能量密度,从而大幅度提升氧化亚硅材料的首圈库伦效率和循环性能,使其具有非常广阔的应用前景。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明提供了一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将能在高温下产生SiOx(0<x≤2)蒸汽的原料A和能够与SiOx蒸汽反应生成硅酸盐的原料B在非氧化气氛下干燥处理;
(2)将上述干燥后的原料A和原料B在真空下加热处理变为蒸汽,之后将两者产生的蒸汽均匀混合后冷凝沉积;
(3)将上述沉积后的材料破碎至合适粒度后进行碳包覆,得到硅基复合负极材料。
其中,步骤(1)中所述原料A为硅粉、氧化亚硅粉末、二氧化硅粉末中的一种或两种以上的组合;所述原料B选自碱金属、碱土金属、第三主族元素单质以及它们的氧化物和合金中的至少一种,条件是合金占原料B的20wt%以上。
优选地,步骤(2)中所述高温处理是先加热至1000-1600℃,保温时间为10-16h;再逐渐降低温度900-1200℃,保温时间为6-10h。
所述碱金属、碱土金属、第三主族元素单质选自锂、钠、镁、钙、铝;它们的氧化物/过氧化物选自氧化锂、过氧化锂、氧化钠、过氧化钠、氧化镁、过氧化镁、氧化钙、过氧化钙、氧化钾、过氧化钾、氧化铝的至少一种,合金选自镁锂合金、镁钠合金、镁钙合金、镁铝合金、镁锰合金。
作为本发明的优选技术方案,所述合金占原料B的30wt%以上,更优选的,合金占原料B的50wt%以上。
步骤(1)中所述均匀混合可通过球磨液相混合后喷雾干燥处理,也可通过高速混料机、VC混料机等固相物理混合;所述非氧化气氛包括氮气、氩气、氦气、氖气和氪气中的一种或多种组合;所述干燥处理优选为真空干燥处理;干燥处理温度为30-100℃,所述干燥处理时间为2-8h。
步骤(2)中所述真空炉的真空度为1-100Pa,所述冷凝沉积温度为100-200℃。
进一步优选的,步骤(2)中所述真空加热是通过具有沉积***的真空炉实现的;所述具有沉积***的真空炉具有一个或两个及以上的加热腔体。
当真空炉具有一个加热腔体,原料A和原料B在该加热腔体内加热产生蒸气进行反应;当真空炉具有两个及以上加热腔体,将原料A和原料B分别放置于不同的加热腔体;
优选地,放置原料A的加热腔的加热温度为1200-1600℃;放置原料B的加热腔的加热温度为1000-1200℃;
加热腔体的气体进入沉积***的气路口径可调,优选地,进入沉积***的气体流量为原料A的蒸汽和原料B的蒸气体积流量比为100:1-20,更优选为100:5-15。控制原料A的蒸汽和原料B的蒸汽在上述数值范围内,能较多的消耗氧化亚硅中的非活性组分,提升材料的首次库伦效率,同时也保证氧化亚硅材料较高的容量,若低于上述数值范围,则提升首次库伦效率的效果就不明想,若高于上述数值范围,则引入的非活性组分就过多,严重降低复合材料的比容量。
步骤(3)中所述合适粒度是将材料破碎至中值粒径为1-20μm,优选为2-10μm。
所述碳包覆为液相包覆、固相包覆或化学气相沉积包覆,在硅基表面形成无定形的碳包覆层。碳材料占硅基复合材料的5%-10wt%。
步骤(3)中破碎所用的设备包括对辊、鄂破、气流粉碎、机械粉碎、球磨、砂磨中的一种或多种组合,优选对辊、鄂破、气流粉碎、球磨中的一种或多种组合;所述合适粒度是指将材料粉碎至中值粒径为1-20μm,优选为2-10μm;
所述碳包覆为液相包覆、固相包覆或化学气相沉积包覆;所述的液相包覆所用设备为球磨机或砂磨机;包覆剂为煤沥青、石油沥青、针状焦或石油焦中的一种或多种;液相均匀混合后采用喷雾干燥或者真空干燥的方法除去溶剂并高温烧结;液相包覆的烧结温度为400-800℃,优选为500-700℃;液相包覆的烧结时间为1-3h,优选为1.5-2.5h;所述的固相包覆所用设备为固相包覆机;包覆剂为煤沥青、石油沥青、针状焦或石油焦中的一种或多种,固相包覆的温度为400-800℃,优选为500-700℃;固相包覆的时间为1-3h,优选为1.5-2.5h;所述化学气相沉积法的气源为乙炔、甲烷、丙烷、丁烷、苯和甲苯中的一种或两种组合;化学气相沉积包覆的温度为600-1100℃,优选为700-1000℃;化学气相沉积法包覆时间为1-6h,优选为2-5h。
优选地,所述的碳包覆的包覆层厚度为1-30nm,更优选为5-20nm。
本发明还提供了上述制备方法制得的锂电池硅基复合负极材料。
与现有技术相比,本发明提供的硅基复合负极材料的制备方法优势在于:
一、含有硅的氧化物和硅酸盐的复合结构中能消耗锂离子的非活性组分被掺入的碱金属元素、碱土金属元素和第三主族元素预先消耗,有效的提升了复合材料的首次库伦效率;碱金属元素、碱土金属元素和第三主族元素与非活性组分反应的产物硅酸盐能缓冲嵌锂过程中产生的体积膨胀,从而有效提升复合材料的循环性能;表面均匀的碳包覆也有利于提升材料的导电性,提升复合材料的倍率性能。
二、发明人预料不到地发现,在能与SiOx反应产生硅酸盐的原料B的还原性物质中,加入一定量的碱金属、碱土金属、第三主族元素单质的合金,特别是含有镁的合金,能有效减少冷凝沉积得到的硅基复合材料中晶区的比例,从而大幅度提升氧化亚硅材料的首圈库伦效率和循环性能。
三、本发明还对制备的各工艺条件进行了优化和筛选,特别是将真空炉加热处理分为加热阶段和降温阶段的不同温度的保温热处理,以及在优选实施方案中,将原料A和原料B放置在不同的加热腔体中分别进行加热,以及调控在沉积区原料A和原料B产生的蒸气的流量比例,使得到的硅基复合材料作为锂离子电池负极材料,性能进一步提升。
四、在与除此之外,本发明提供的制备方法也具有方法简单、原料便宜易得、适宜大规模生产、实用化程度高等优点。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的硅基复合负极材料的X射线衍射谱。
图2为对比例1制得的硅基复合负极材料的X射线衍射谱。
图3为实施例1制得的硅基复合负极材料的透射电镜照片。
图4为对比例1制得的硅基复合负极材料的透射电镜照片。
图5为本发明实施例1制得的硅基复合负极材料的扫描电子显微镜照片。
图6为本发明实施例1制得的硅基复合负极材料作为锂离子电池负极时,在0.2C下充放电曲线。
图7为本发明实施例1制得的硅基复合负极材料作为锂离子电池负极时,在0.2C下的循环性能曲线。
图8为本发明实施例1制得的硅基复合负极材料作为锂离子电池负极时的倍率性能曲线。
图9为本发明实施例1制得的硅基复合负极材料作为锂离子电池负极循环200圈后的电化学阻抗曲线。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步说明,但本发明并不限于以下实施例。
下述实施例中所述实验方法,如无特殊说明,均为常规方法;所述试剂和材料,如无特殊说明,均可从商业途径获得。
实施例1
(1)将3Kg Si粉末与6Kg SiO2粉末加入高速混料机中,在惰性气氛保护并用循环水冷却的条件下1000r/min搅拌混合30min,得到混合均匀的原料A,然后将原材料A在氩气保护下50℃保温2h充分除去水分;同时将0.5Kg金属镁粉以及0.5kg镁铝合金(其中镁含量36.2wt%)在氩气保护下50℃保温2h充分除去水分,为原料B。
(2)将上述烘干后的原材料A加入具有冷凝收集***的真空炉的加热腔1中,将真空抽至1Pa以下开始加热,加热到1300℃保温20h,再以50℃/h的降温速率降温至1100℃,保温10h;同时将烘干后的原料B加入加热腔2中,之后将真空抽至1Pa以下开始加热,加热到1000℃保温20h,再以50℃/h的降温速率降温至900℃,保温10h。调控加热腔体1和加热腔体2进入沉积***的气路口径,使进入沉积***原料A蒸汽和原料B蒸气体积流量比为100:13,同时控制沉积区的温度维持在600℃左右,自然冷却至室温后得到块状的沉积材料;
(3)将得到的沉积材料经过气流粉碎破碎至中值粒径为5μm左右的颗粒,加入CVD气相沉积炉中进行碳包覆处理,以600sccm的质量流量通入乙炔气,在750℃下沉积3h,并将包覆后的材料置于氮气保护的条件下,以5℃/min的升温速度升温至900℃保温1h,自然冷却后得到SiOx、硅酸盐均匀分布并且外层有碳包覆的硅基复合负极材料,其中碳包覆的包覆层厚度为10nm,碳材料占硅基复合材料的5.5wt%。
实施例2
按照实施例1相同的方法进行操作,不同在于步骤(1)中原料B为0.6Kg金属镁粉以及0.4kg镁铝合金。
实施例3
按照实施例1相同的方法进行操作,不同在于步骤(1)中原料B为0.8Kg金属镁粉以及0.2kg镁铝合金。
实施例4
按照实施例1相同的方法进行操作,不同在于步骤(1)中原料B为0.3Kg金属镁粉以及0.7kg镁铝合金。
实施例5
按照实施例1相同的方法进行操作,不同在于步骤(2)中,烘干后的原材料A和B都加入具有冷凝收集***的真空炉的加热腔加热到1300℃保温20h,再以50℃/h的降温速率降温至1100℃,保温10h。
实施例6
按照实施例1相同的方法进行操作,不同在于步骤(2)中,进入沉积***的原料A蒸汽和原料B蒸气体积流量比为100:8。
实施例7
按照实施例1相同的方法进行操作,不同在于步骤(2)中,将镁铝合金替换为镁锂合金。
对比例1
按照实施例1相同的方法进行操作,不同在于步骤(1)中,原料B为1kg镁粉。
对比例2
按照实施例1相同的方法进行操作,不同在于步骤(1)中,原料B为0.681kg镁粉和0.319kg铝粉的混合物。
应用例
1.对负极材料的表征
用X射线衍射分析仪(XRD,Rigaku D/max 2500,Cu Kα)分析复合材料的X射线衍射峰,图1是实施例1制得的硅基复合材料的XRD衍射图谱,图2是对比例2所制得硅基复合材料的XRD衍射图谱,可看出图1没有明显的衍射峰,只有无定形的鼓包,证明了材料的无定形态;图2存在明显的硅和硅酸盐的衍射峰,在28.4°,47.3°和56.1°处的衍射峰对应于硅的(111),(220),(311)晶面,在31.0°的衍射峰对应于硅酸盐的衍射峰。衍射峰的存在说明材料中形成了明显的晶区。另外图3和图4分别为实施例1和对比例2的硅基复合材料的透射电镜照片。图3可以看出,实施例1制得的硅基复合材料没有明显的晶区,说明整个材料中氧化亚硅均为无定形态;图4可以看到比较暗的地方存在很多晶格条纹,晶格条纹区就对应着此处有晶体硅,晶区比例较大,而晶体硅体积膨胀率远大于无定形的氧化亚硅,所以具有晶体结构的材料在充放电过程中更容易破裂,导致材料容量的快速衰减,循环性能很差。
用扫描电镜(SEM,日本电子扫描电镜JEOL-6701F)分析复合材料的形貌,图5为实施例1所制得硅基复合负极材料的扫描电镜照片,该复合材料为块状,表面致密且粒度均匀,粒径范围为1~8μm。用马尔文激光粒度仪(Malvern,Mastersizer 3000)测量复合材料的粒度,其中值粒径为4.8μm。
2,硅基复合材料作为锂电池负极材料的性能测试
将本发明实施例和对比例制备所得硅基复合负极材料的电化学性能均按照下述方法进行测试:将制备得到的硅基复合负极材料、碳黑和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)与丁苯橡胶(SBR)复合粘结剂以质量比80:10:10混合配成浆料(其中CMC和SBR的质量比为1:1),将该浆料均匀地涂敷到铜箔集流体上,并经真空干燥12h后制成工作电极;以锂薄片作为对电极,玻璃纤维膜(购自英国Whatman公司)作为隔膜,1mol/L LiPF6(溶剂为体积比1:1的碳酸乙烯酯和碳酸二甲酯混合液)作为电解液,电解液中添加体积分数为1%的VC和5%的FEC,在氩气氛围的德国布劳恩惰性气体手套箱中组装成扣式电池。
将上述装配的电池在LAND充放电测试仪上进行充放电测试。
对实施例1所得硅基复合负极材料进行电化学分析测试,充放电区间为0~2V,压实密度为1.3g/cm3,在电流密度为380mA/g(0.2C)下充放电,材料容量可达1541.3mAh/g,首圈库伦效率为83.8%,且循环200圈后容量保持率为83.3%(如图6和图7),在倍率测试中发现,该复合材料在5C的高电流密度下仍具有1311.6mAh/g的充电比容量(如图8,从左到右五段分别对应0.2C,1C,2C,5C,0.2C倍率下),是0.2C下的85.1%,证明本发明所得复合材料具有较高的容量和优异的循环性能。对循环200圈后的电池进行电化学阻抗谱的测试,发现其电荷转移电阻仅为98.5Ω(如图9),表明该材料具有较长的循环寿命。
按照相同的方法,对本发明实施例和对比例所得硅基复合材料作为负极材料组装为扣式锂电池中,其电化学测试结果列于表1。
表1
表中上角标a表示在0.2C条件下测试得到。
综上所述,本发明的制备方法简单高效,得到的硅基复合负极材料本身结构稳定,在具有高首次库伦效率的同时也具有很好的循环性能,200圈容量保持率在80%以上,电化学性能优异。
申请人声明,本发明通过上述实施例来说明本发明的详细工艺设备和工艺流程,但本发明并不局限于上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程,即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述详细工艺设备和工艺流程才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了,对本发明的任何改进,对本发明产品各原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等,均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。
Claims (8)
1.一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将能在高温下产生SiOx,0<x≤2,蒸汽的原料A和能够与SiOx蒸汽反应生成硅酸盐的原料B在非氧化气氛下干燥处理;
(2)将上述干燥后的原料A和原料B在真空下高温处理为蒸汽,之后将两者产生的蒸汽均匀混合后冷凝沉积;
(3)将上述沉积后的材料破碎至合适粒度后进行碳包覆,得到硅基复合负极材料;
其中,步骤(1)中所述原料A为硅粉、氧化亚硅粉末、二氧化硅粉末中的一种或两种及以上的组合;所述原料B选自碱金属、碱土金属、第三主族元素单质以及它们的氧化物和合金中的至少一种,条件是合金占原料B的30wt%以上,合金为含有镁的合金;
步骤(2)中所述真空加热是通过具有沉积***的真空炉实现的;所述具有沉积***的真空炉具有两个及以上的加热腔体;
当真空炉具有两个及以上加热腔体,将原料A和原料B分别放置于不同的加热腔体;
放置原料A的加热腔的加热温度为1200-1600 ℃;放置原料B的加热腔的加热温度为1000-1200 ℃;
加热腔体的气体进入沉积***的气路口径可调,进入沉积***的气体流量为原料A的蒸汽和原料B的蒸气体积流量比为100:1-20。
2.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述高温处理是先加热至1000-1600 ℃,保温时间为10-16 h;再逐渐降低温度900-1200℃,保温时间为6-10 h。
3.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述碱金属、碱土金属、第三主族元素单质选自锂、钠、镁、钙、铝;它们的氧化物/过氧化物选自氧化锂、过氧化锂、氧化钠、过氧化钠、氧化镁、过氧化镁、氧化钙、过氧化钙、氧化钾、过氧化钾、氧化铝的至少一种,合金选自镁锂合金、镁钠合金、镁钙合金、镁铝合金、镁锰合金。
4.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述合金占原料B的50wt%以上。
5.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中所述真空炉的真空度为1-100Pa,所述冷凝沉积温度为100-200 ℃。
6.如权利要求1所述的制备方法,其特征在于进入沉积***的气体流量为原料A的蒸汽和原料B的蒸气体积流量比为100:5-15。
7.如权利要求6所述的制备方法,其特征在于,碳材料占硅基复合材料的5%-10wt%,所述的碳包覆的包覆层厚度为1-30 nm。
8.如权利要求7所述的制备方法,其特征在于,所述的碳包覆的包覆层厚度为5-20 nm。
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910907245.5A CN110615423B (zh) | 2019-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 |
US17/753,303 US11637273B2 (en) | 2019-09-24 | 2020-03-27 | Preparation method of silicon-based composite negative electrode material for lithium battery |
PCT/CN2020/079406 WO2021056981A1 (zh) | 2019-09-24 | 2020-03-27 | 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910907245.5A CN110615423B (zh) | 2019-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN110615423A CN110615423A (zh) | 2019-12-27 |
CN110615423B true CN110615423B (zh) | 2020-12-25 |
Family
ID=68924040
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201910907245.5A Active CN110615423B (zh) | 2019-09-24 | 2019-09-24 | 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US11637273B2 (zh) |
CN (1) | CN110615423B (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2021056981A1 (zh) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11791462B2 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2023-10-17 | Jiangxi Iametal New Energy Technology Co., Ltd | Modified silicon monoxide material for use in negative electrode of lithium-ion battery and preparation method therefor |
Families Citing this family (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN110615423B (zh) | 2019-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 |
CN112563476A (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2021-03-26 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | 一种硅复合物负极材料及其制备方法和锂离子电池 |
CN111403726A (zh) * | 2020-03-24 | 2020-07-10 | 洛阳联创锂能科技有限公司 | 一种硅氧锂负极材料的制备方法 |
CN111342030B (zh) * | 2020-03-28 | 2022-03-15 | 兰溪致德新能源材料有限公司 | 一种多元复合高首效锂电池负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN111509208A (zh) * | 2020-04-26 | 2020-08-07 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法和装置 |
CN113782740A (zh) * | 2020-06-10 | 2021-12-10 | 恒大新能源技术(深圳)有限公司 | 硅/硅酸锂复合材料及其制备方法、动力电池 |
CN113809312B (zh) * | 2020-06-15 | 2023-07-14 | 溧阳天目先导电池材料科技有限公司 | 氮掺杂软碳包覆硅基锂离子负极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN111816859A (zh) * | 2020-07-22 | 2020-10-23 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | 硅基负极材料、其制备方法及锂离子二次电池 |
CN114284494B (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2024-04-09 | 华为技术有限公司 | 一种纳米硅复合材料及其制备方法、电极材料、电池 |
CN112151771B (zh) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-04-12 | 溧阳天目先导电池材料科技有限公司 | 一种含硅酸盐骨架的硅基负极材料、负极片和锂电池 |
CN111933917A (zh) * | 2020-10-12 | 2020-11-13 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | 一种含硅材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN113013399B (zh) * | 2021-02-26 | 2022-07-19 | 上海杉杉科技有限公司 | 硅基负极材料的制备方法及设备 |
CN113437271B (zh) * | 2021-06-16 | 2022-04-12 | 溧阳天目先导电池材料科技有限公司 | 一种均匀改性的硅基复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN113506861B (zh) * | 2021-09-06 | 2022-05-17 | 北京壹金新能源科技有限公司 | 一种锂离子电池硅基复合负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN115995530A (zh) * | 2021-10-20 | 2023-04-21 | 北京卫蓝新能源科技有限公司 | 一种硅基负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN114497484A (zh) * | 2022-01-04 | 2022-05-13 | 广东东岛新能源股份有限公司 | 一种氧化亚硅基复合负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN114684825B (zh) * | 2022-04-19 | 2022-12-06 | 河北工业大学 | 一种具有核壳结构的氧化亚硅-碳复合纳米粒子的制备方法和应用 |
CN115092935B (zh) * | 2022-07-19 | 2024-03-26 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 硅基复合材料及其制备方法与其在二次电池中的应用 |
CN115385342A (zh) * | 2022-07-20 | 2022-11-25 | 长沙矿冶研究院有限责任公司 | 一种氧化亚硅材料及其制备方法和应用、装置 |
CN115377390A (zh) * | 2022-09-19 | 2022-11-22 | 合肥国轩高科动力能源有限公司 | 一种氧化亚硅锂离子电池负极材料预镁的方法和装置 |
CN116868373B (zh) * | 2023-02-28 | 2024-08-09 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 硅基负极活性材料、二次电池及用电装置 |
CN116888761B (zh) * | 2023-03-03 | 2024-08-16 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 硅基负极活性材料、二次电池及用电装置 |
CN116960312B (zh) * | 2023-09-18 | 2024-03-01 | 北京壹金新能源科技有限公司 | 改性硅基负极材料及其制备方法 |
CN117352704B (zh) * | 2023-11-30 | 2024-06-25 | 瑞浦兰钧能源股份有限公司 | 一种硅负极材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN118299549B (zh) * | 2024-06-05 | 2024-09-17 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | 负极材料及电池 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102259858B (zh) | 2011-06-07 | 2015-01-14 | 同济大学 | 一种镁热还原制备多孔硅的方法 |
KR20140147448A (ko) * | 2013-06-20 | 2014-12-30 | 서울대학교산학협력단 | 셀프 템플릿 에칭을 이용한 다공성 일산화 규소의 제조방법 및 이를 이용한 리튬 이차전지용 음극재료 |
WO2015084036A1 (ko) * | 2013-12-03 | 2015-06-11 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 다공성 실리콘계 음극 활물질, 이의 제조방법 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 |
WO2015097990A1 (ja) | 2013-12-25 | 2015-07-02 | 信越化学工業株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池用負極活物質及びその製造方法 |
CN103855364B (zh) * | 2014-03-12 | 2017-06-06 | 深圳市贝特瑞新能源材料股份有限公司 | 一种SiOx基复合材料、制备方法及锂离子电池 |
KR101586816B1 (ko) * | 2015-06-15 | 2016-01-20 | 대주전자재료 주식회사 | 비수전해질 이차전지용 음극재, 이의 제조방법, 및 이를 포함하는 비수전해질 이차전지 |
CN106356508B (zh) * | 2016-09-29 | 2020-07-31 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | 一种复合物、其制备方法及采用该复合物制备的负极和锂离子电池 |
CN107195871A (zh) * | 2017-04-06 | 2017-09-22 | 中国计量大学 | 一种以碳材料为载体低温合成SiOx/C负极材料的制备方法 |
CN108963194A (zh) | 2017-05-18 | 2018-12-07 | 中国科学院物理研究所 | 一种硅基复合材料及其制备方法和应用 |
CN110066987B (zh) | 2018-01-22 | 2021-06-04 | 新特能源股份有限公司 | 气相沉积装置及氧化亚硅的制备方法 |
CN108448096B (zh) | 2018-03-29 | 2021-01-01 | 贝特瑞新材料集团股份有限公司 | 一种高容量核壳型无定形碳基复合材料、其制备方法及包含其的锂离子电池 |
CN109768246B (zh) | 2018-12-29 | 2021-03-05 | 湖南中科星城石墨有限公司 | 一种用于锂离子电池的纳米硅复合阳极材料及其制备方法 |
CN110615423B (zh) * | 2019-09-24 | 2020-12-25 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 |
-
2019
- 2019-09-24 CN CN201910907245.5A patent/CN110615423B/zh active Active
-
2020
- 2020-03-27 US US17/753,303 patent/US11637273B2/en active Active
- 2020-03-27 WO PCT/CN2020/079406 patent/WO2021056981A1/zh active Application Filing
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US11791462B2 (en) | 2019-12-27 | 2023-10-17 | Jiangxi Iametal New Energy Technology Co., Ltd | Modified silicon monoxide material for use in negative electrode of lithium-ion battery and preparation method therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US11637273B2 (en) | 2023-04-25 |
CN110615423A (zh) | 2019-12-27 |
US20220352492A1 (en) | 2022-11-03 |
WO2021056981A1 (zh) | 2021-04-01 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN110615423B (zh) | 一种锂电池硅基复合负极材料的制备方法 | |
CN110649236B (zh) | 一种多孔硅碳复合材料及其制备方法 | |
CN111072038B (zh) | 一种用于锂离子电池负极的改性一氧化硅材料及其制备方法 | |
JP7288059B2 (ja) | シリコン酸素複合負極材料、その調製方法及びリチウムイオン電池 | |
CN109742383B (zh) | 基于酚醛树脂的钠离子电池硬碳负极材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN111048770B (zh) | 一种三元掺杂的硅基复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
JP2020510962A (ja) | 炭素系複合材料、その製造方法、およびそれを含むリチウムイオン二次電池 | |
EP3955345A1 (en) | Silicon-oxygen particle for electrode material, preparation method therefor and use thereof | |
CN111342030A (zh) | 一种多元复合高首效锂电池负极材料及其制备方法 | |
WO2022002057A1 (zh) | 硅氧复合负极材料、负极和锂离子电池及其制备方法 | |
CN108232141B (zh) | 一种高压实的锂离子电池硅碳复合负极材料及其制备方法 | |
CN105047888B (zh) | 一种锂离子电池负极材料及其制备方法 | |
CN113206249B (zh) | 一种具有良好电化学性能的锂电池硅氧复合负极材料及其制备方法 | |
CN106784833A (zh) | 硅碳负极材料及其制备方法 | |
CN113451561B (zh) | 一种硅基复合材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN108682830B (zh) | 一种锂离子电池硅碳复合负极材料及其制备方法 | |
CN111477849A (zh) | 一种多孔Si/SiC/C材料的制备方法及负极材料 | |
CN116332154A (zh) | 一种多孔硅碳负极材料的制备方法 | |
CN116682958B (zh) | 一种纳米硅碳复合材料及其制备方法与应用 | |
CN110429272B (zh) | 一种类火龙果结构的硅碳复合负极材料及其制备方法 | |
CN114249324A (zh) | 一种锂离子电池用负极材料及其制备方法 | |
CN113594430B (zh) | 硅基负极材料及其制备方法和应用 | |
CN118299549B (zh) | 负极材料及电池 | |
CN117976881A (zh) | 一种硅碳复合材料及其制备方法和用途 | |
CN113517443A (zh) | 一种锂二次电池用聚丙烯腈/二硫化铁复合正极材料的制备方法 |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PB01 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20211105 Address after: 100190 0604, floor 5, building 2, No. 66, Zhongguancun East Road, Haidian District, Beijing Patentee after: Beijing one gold Amperex Technology Ltd. Address before: 100190 No. 2 North First Street, Haidian District, Beijing, Zhongguancun Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Patentee before: Beijing one gold Amperex Technology Ltd. |