Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1042—Copolyimides derived from at least two different tetracarboxylic compounds or two different diamino compounds
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1046—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain
  • C08G73/105—Polyimides containing oxygen in the form of ether bonds in the main chain with oxygen only in the diamino moiety
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
  • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
  • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
  • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C08G73/1075—Partially aromatic polyimides
  • C08G73/1078—Partially aromatic polyimides wholly aromatic in the diamino moiety
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
  • C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
  • C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
  • C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
  • G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
  • G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G02—OPTICS
  • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
  • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
  • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
  • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
  • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
  • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
  • G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
  • G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
  • G02F1/133723—Polyimide, polyamide-imide

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film for a photo-alignment method, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by this production method, and a liquid crystal display device comprising the obtained liquid crystal alignment film.
• a liquid crystal alignment film for controlling the alignment state of liquid crystals is usually provided in the element.
• the most widely used liquid crystal alignment film in the industry is made of a polyamic acid formed on an electrode substrate and / or a film made of polyimide obtained by imidizing the same with a cloth such as cotton, nylon or polyester. It is produced by performing a so-called rubbing process that rubs in the direction.
• the rubbing treatment of the film surface in the alignment process of the liquid crystal alignment film is an industrially useful method that is simple and excellent in productivity.
• Patent Document 1 proposes that a polyimide film having an alicyclic structure such as a cyclobutane ring in the main chain is used for the photo-alignment method.
• the above-mentioned photo-alignment method has not only an advantage that it can be produced by a simple manufacturing process as a rubbing-less alignment treatment method, but also an IPS (In-Place-Switching) driving method and fringe field switching (hereinafter referred to as FFS).
• FFS In-Place-Switching
• the contrast and viewing angle characteristics of the liquid crystal display element are improved by using the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the above-mentioned photo-alignment method compared to the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the rubbing treatment method. Since it is possible to improve the performance of the liquid crystal display element, it is attracting attention as a promising liquid crystal alignment treatment method.
• the liquid crystal alignment film used in the liquid crystal display element of the IPS driving method or the FFS driving method is generated in the liquid crystal display element of the IPS driving method or the FFS driving method in addition to the basic characteristics such as excellent liquid crystal alignment property and electrical characteristics. In addition, it is necessary to suppress afterimages by long-term AC driving.
• the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the photo-alignment method has a problem that anisotropy with respect to the alignment direction of the polymer film is smaller than that by the rubbing treatment method. If the anisotropy is small, sufficient liquid crystal orientation cannot be obtained, and problems such as occurrence of an afterimage occur when a liquid crystal display element is formed.
• the present invention relates to a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film for a photo-alignment treatment method capable of suppressing an afterimage due to alternating current driving that occurs in a liquid crystal display element of an IPS driving method or an FFS driving method, and a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by this manufacturing method And a liquid crystal display element having the liquid crystal alignment film.
• the present inventors applied a liquid crystal aligning agent containing a polyimide precursor having a specific structural unit or an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor to a substrate. Irradiating the film obtained by baking with polarized radiation, then selecting at least two solvents having a specific range of boiling points, and using such at least two solvents in a specific order, It has been found that the above object can be achieved by a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by contact treatment such as immersion and then heat treatment at 150 ° C. or higher.
• the present invention has the following gist. 1.
• a liquid crystal aligning agent containing at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor is applied on a substrate, The film obtained by baking is irradiated with polarized radiation, then contacted with an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C., and then contacted with water or a water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C. Then, a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, which is subjected to heat treatment at 150 ° C. or higher.
• (X 1 is a structure represented by the following formula (XA-1).
• Y 1 is a divalent organic group, and R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group or alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or a phenyl group. is there.
• contact treatment is performed with a mixed solvent of an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. and water or a water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C., and then water or a boiling point of 50 2.
• the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to 1 above wherein after the contact treatment with a water-soluble organic solvent having a temperature of ⁇ 105 ° C., the heat treatment is performed at 150 ° C. or higher.
• the organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. is represented by the following formula (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (A-3), formula (A-4), and formula (A-5). 3.
• a 1 is a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group
• a 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms
• R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group
• n is 1 or 2 Is an integer.
• a 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
• a 5 and A 6 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• a 6 is an alkyl group or cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. ) 4).
• the organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. is at least one selected from the group consisting of 1-methoxy-2-propanol, ethyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, methyl 3-methoxypropionate, and ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate. 4.
• 5. The method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to any one of 1 to 4, wherein the water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C.
• the liquid crystal aligning film is at least one selected from the group consisting of methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetone. . 6). Any of 1 to 5 above, wherein the mixed solvent contains an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. and water or a water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C. in a mass ratio of 95/5 to 5/95.
• the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal aligning film as described in 2.
• X 1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (X1-1) and (X1-2)
• a method for producing an alignment film 9.
• Y 1 is at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (4) and (5): Method.
• Z 1 is a single bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a thioester bond, or a divalent organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
• Y 1 is at least one type of structure selected from the structures represented by the formula (4) and the following formula (Y1-1)
• a method for producing a membrane 11.
• 12 12 A liquid crystal display device comprising the liquid crystal alignment film as described in 11 above.
• the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the present invention is a liquid crystal alignment film of an IPS drive type or FFS drive type liquid crystal display element, afterimages due to long-term alternating current drive can be reduced.
• the reason why the problems of the present invention are solved in the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the present invention is not necessarily clear, but according to the study by the present inventors, the following has been found.
• a film obtained by applying and baking a liquid crystal aligning agent using a polyimide precursor of a specific structure on a substrate includes a contact treatment with an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. and a contact treatment with water or a water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C. It is necessary to carry out in this order, and it has been found that the above effect cannot be obtained by either one of the processes.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention contains at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of a polyimide precursor having a structural unit represented by the following formula (1) and an imidized polymer of the polyimide precursor.
• X 1 is a structure represented by the following formula (XA-1)
• Y 1 is a divalent organic group
• R 1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms. It is a group.
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or An alkynyl group or a phenyl group.
• R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , and R 6 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a methyl group, or an ethyl group, and a hydrogen atom or a methyl group Is more preferable.
• X 1 is more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (X1-1) and (X1-2).
• Y 1 is a divalent organic group, and its structure is not particularly limited. Since the obtained liquid crystal alignment film has high anisotropy, it is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of structures represented by the following formulas (Y1-1) and (Y1-2).
• Z 1 is a single bond, an ester bond, an amide bond, a thioester bond, or a divalent organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the ester bond is represented by —C (O) O— or —OC (O) —.
• R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a combination thereof having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
• alkyl group examples include a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a t-butyl group, a hexyl group, an octyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, and a bicyclohexyl group.
• alkenyl group examples include those in which one or more CH 2 —CH 2 structures present in the above alkyl group are replaced with a CH ⁇ CH structure, and more specifically, vinyl groups, allyl groups, 1- Examples include propenyl group, isopropenyl group, 2-butenyl group, 1,3-butadienyl group, 2-pentenyl group, 2-hexenyl group, cyclopropenyl group, cyclopentenyl group, cyclohexenyl group and the like.
• Alkynyl groups include those in which one or more CH 2 —CH 2 structures present in the alkyl group are replaced with C ⁇ C structures, and more specifically, ethynyl groups, 1-propynyl groups, 2 -Propynyl group and the like.
• Examples of the aryl group include a phenyl group.
• Z 1 is an organic group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms
• Z 4 , Z 5 and Z 6 are each independently a single bond, —O—, —S—, —NR 11 —, ester bond, amide bond, thioester bond, urea bond, carbonate A bond, or a carbamate bond.
• R 11 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a t-butoxycarbonyl group.
• the ester bond, amide bond, and thioester bond in Z 4 , Z 5 , and Z 6 can have the same structure as the ester bond, amide bond, and thioester bond described above.
• urea bond a structure represented by —NH—C (O) NH— or —NR—C (O) NR— can be shown.
• R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a combination thereof having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and these groups are the same as the above-described alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, and aryl group Examples can be given.
• carbonate bond a structure represented by —O—C (O) —O— can be shown.
• the carbamate bond is —NH—C (O) —O—, —O—C (O) —NH—, —NR—C (O) —O—, or —O—C (O) —NR—.
• R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group, an alkynyl group, an aryl group, or a combination thereof having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and these groups are the above alkyl group, alkenyl group, alkynyl group, and aryl group. Examples similar to the groups can be given.
• R 9 and R 10 in the formula (6) are each independently a structure selected from a single bond, an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenylene group, an alkynylene group, an arylene group, or a combination thereof. is there.
• R 9 and R 10 is a single bond
• R 9 or R 10 is an alkylene group, alkenylene group, alkynylene group, arylene group, or a combination of these having 2 to 10 carbon atoms.
• the alkenylene group includes a structure in which one hydrogen atom is removed from the alkenyl group. More specifically, 1,1-ethenylene group, 1,2-ethenylene group, 1,2-ethenylenemethylene group, 1-methyl-1,2-ethenylene group, 1,2-ethenylene-1,1- Ethylene group, 1,2-ethenylene-1,2-ethylene group, 1,2-ethenylene-1,2-propylene group, 1,2-ethenylene-1,3-propylene group, 1,2-ethenylene-1, Examples include 4-butylene group and 1,2-ethenylene-1,2-butylene group.
• alkynylene group examples include a structure in which one hydrogen atom is removed from the alkynyl group. More specifically, an ethynylene group, an ethynylene methylene group, an ethynylene-1,1-ethylene group, an ethynylene-1,2-ethylene group, an ethynylene-1,2-propylene group, an ethynylene-1,3-propylene group, Examples include ethynylene-1,4-butylene group, ethynylene-1,2-butylene group and the like.
• the arylene group includes a structure in which one hydrogen atom is removed from the aryl group. More specific examples include 1,2-phenylene group, 1,3-phenylene group, 1,4-phenylene group and the like.
• Y 1 contains a structure with high linearity or a rigid structure, a liquid crystal alignment film having good liquid crystal alignment can be obtained. Therefore, the structure of Z 1 can be a single bond or the following formula (A1-1) The structure of (A1-25) is more preferable.
• the above formula (4) or the following formula (Y1-1) is particularly preferable because the removability of decomposition products by the contact treatment with the solvent is good and the liquid crystal orientation is excellent.
• the ratio of the structural unit represented by the above formula (1) is the total of all the polymers. 60 to 100 mol% is preferable with respect to 1 mol of the structural unit. The higher the ratio of the structural unit represented by the above formula (1), the better the liquid crystal alignment film having good liquid crystal alignment, so 80-100 mol% is more preferable, and 90-100 mol% is more preferable.
• the polymer component of the present invention may be a polyimide precursor containing a structural unit represented by the following formula (7) and the polyimide precursor.
• R 1 is the same as defined for R 1 in the formula (1).
• X 3 is a tetravalent organic group, and its structure is not particularly limited. Specific examples include structures of the following formulas (X-1) to (X-42). From the viewpoint of availability of the compound, the structure of X 3 is preferably X-17, X-25, X-26, X-27, X-28, X-32, or X-39. Further, from the viewpoint to obtain a fast liquid crystal alignment film relaxation of the accumulated residual charge by a DC voltage, it is preferable to use a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having an aromatic ring structure, the structure of X 3 is X -26, X-27, X-28, X-32, X-35, or X-37 are more preferred.
• Y 4 is a divalent organic group, and its structure is not particularly limited. Specific examples of Y 4 include structures of the following formulas (Y-1) to (Y-74).
• Y 4 in the formula (7) is Y-8, Y-20, Y-21, Y-22, Y-28, Y-29, Y- in order to improve the solubility of the polymer component in the organic solvent. It is preferable to contain a structural unit having a structure of 30, Y-72, Y-73, or Y-74. When the ratio of the structural unit represented by the above formula (7) in the polymer component is high, the ratio of the structural unit represented by the above formula (7) is the total structure in order to reduce the liquid crystal orientation of the liquid crystal alignment film. The amount is preferably 0 to 40 mol%, more preferably 0 to 20 mol%, based on 1 mol of the unit.
• the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by the following methods (1) to (3).
• the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by esterifying a polyamic acid obtained from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine. Specifically, it is synthesized by reacting a polyamic acid and an esterifying agent in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. can do.
• the esterifying agent is preferably one that can be easily removed by purification, and N, N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide Dineopentyl butyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide di-t-butyl acetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl-3-p -Tolyltriazene, 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like.
• the addition amount of the esterifying agent is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents, and more preferably 2 to 4 molar equivalents, per 1 mol of the polyamic acid repeating unit.
• the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, etc. from the solubility of the polymer, and these are used alone or in combination of two or more. May be.
• the concentration of the polymer in the organic solvent at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass because the polymer does not easily precipitate and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
• tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine are mixed in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 50 ° C. for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
• pyridine triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like can be used, but pyridine is preferable because the reaction proceeds gently.
• the amount of the base added is preferably 2 to 4 times mol, more preferably 2 to 3 times mol with respect to tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride, since it can be easily removed and a high molecular weight product can be easily obtained.
• the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone or the like in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination.
• the polymer concentration in the organic solvent at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass, because the polymer hardly precipitates and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
• the organic solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester is preferably dehydrated as much as possible, and the reaction is preferably performed in a nitrogen atmosphere to prevent mixing of outside air. .
• the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by polycondensation of a tetracarboxylic acid diester and a diamine. Specifically, tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine in the presence of a condensing agent, a base, and an organic solvent at 0 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 15 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
• condensing agent examples include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazide.
• Nylmethylmorpholinium O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N , N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl) phosphonate diphenyl, and the like.
• the addition amount of the condensing agent is preferably 2 to 3 times by mole, more preferably 2 to 2.5 times by mole with respect to the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
• tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used.
• the amount of the base added is preferably 2 to 4 moles, more preferably 2 to 3 moles, relative to the diamine component, since it can be easily removed and a high molecular weight product can be easily obtained.
• the organic solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N, N-dimethylformamide and the like.
• the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
• Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
• the addition amount of the Lewis acid is preferably 0 to 1.0-fold mol, more preferably 2.0 to 3.0-fold mol based on the diamine component.
• the synthesis method (1) or (2) is particularly preferable.
• the polyamic acid ester solution obtained as described above can be polymerized by being poured into a poor solvent while being well stirred. Precipitation is performed several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, a purified polyamic acid ester powder can be obtained at room temperature or by heating and drying.
• the poor solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene and the like, and water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and the like are preferable.
• a polyamic acid is compoundable by the method shown below. Specifically, tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 to 150 ° C., preferably 0 to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 12 hours. Can be synthesized.
• the organic solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, etc. in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination of two or more. May be used.
• the concentration of the polymer is preferably from 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably from 5 to 20% by mass because the polymer does not easily precipitate and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
• the polyamic acid obtained as described above can be recovered by precipitating a polymer by pouring it into a poor solvent while thoroughly stirring the reaction solution. Moreover, the powder of polyamic acid refine
• the poor solvent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene and the like, and water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol and the like are preferable.
• the polyimide used for this invention can be manufactured by imidizing the polyamic acid ester or polyamic acid which is the precursor of the said polyimide.
• chemical imidization in which a basic catalyst is added to a polyamic acid solution obtained by dissolving the polyamic acid ester solution or the polyamic acid ester resin powder in an organic solvent is simple.
• Chemical imidization is preferable because the imidization reaction proceeds at a relatively low temperature and the molecular weight of the polymer is unlikely to decrease during the imidization process.
• Chemical imidation can be performed by stirring the polyamic acid ester to be imidized in an organic solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst.
• a basic catalyst As an organic solvent, the solvent used at the time of the polymerization reaction mentioned above can be used.
• the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, triethylamine is preferred because it has sufficient basicity to allow the reaction to proceed.
• the temperature for carrying out the imidization reaction is ⁇ 20 to 140 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C., and the reaction time can be 1 to 100 hours.
• the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 times mol, preferably 2 to 20 times mol of the amic acid ester group.
• the imidation ratio of the resulting polymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time.
• chemical imidation which adds a catalyst to the solution of the said polyamic acid obtained by reaction with a diamine component and tetracarboxylic dianhydride is simple.
• Chemical imidization is preferable because the imidization reaction proceeds at a relatively low temperature and the molecular weight of the polymer is unlikely to decrease during the imidization process.
• Chemical imidation can be performed by stirring a polymer to be imidized in an organic solvent in the presence of a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride.
• a basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like. Of these, pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
• the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride and the like. Among them, use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
• the temperature for carrying out the imidization reaction is ⁇ 20 to 140 ° C., preferably 0 to 100 ° C., and the reaction time can be 1 to 100 hours.
• the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 times mol, preferably 2 to 20 times mol of the polyamic acid group, and the amount of acid anhydride is 1 to 50 times mol, preferably 3 to 30 times mol of the polyamic acid group. Is a mole.
• the imidation ratio of the resulting polymer can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, temperature, and reaction time.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferable.
• the polyimide solution obtained as described above can be polymerized by pouring into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation is performed several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, a polymer powder purified by drying at normal temperature or by heating can be obtained.
• the poor solvent examples include, but are not limited to, methanol, 2-propanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and the like. Methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, Acetone is preferred.
• the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention has a form of a solution in which a polymer component is dissolved in an organic solvent.
• the molecular weight of the polymer is preferably 2,000 to 500,000 in terms of weight average molecular weight, more preferably 5,000 to 300,000, and still more preferably 10,000 to 100,000.
• the number average molecular weight is preferably 1,000 to 250,000, more preferably 2,500 to 150,000, and still more preferably 5,000 to 50,000.
• the concentration of the polymer of the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed, but it is 1 mass from the point of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film. % From the viewpoint of storage stability of the solution, and preferably 10% by mass or less. A particularly preferred polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by mass.
• the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent used for this invention will not be specifically limited if a polymer component melt
• N-dimethylformamide N, N-diethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide
• N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone
• N-methylcaprolactam examples include 2-pyrrolidone, N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethyl sulfone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide and the like. You may use these 1 type or in mixture of 2 or more types. Moreover, even if it is a solvent which cannot melt
• the liquid crystal aligning agent used for this invention may contain the solvent for improving the coating-film uniformity at the time of apply
• a solvent a solvent having a surface tension lower than that of the organic solvent is generally used. Specific examples thereof include ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, ethyl carbitol, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-ethoxy-2-propanol, and 1-butoxy-2-propanol.
• the purpose is to change the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the polymer other than the polymer and the liquid crystal aligning film as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
• an imidization accelerator for the purpose of efficiently imidizing the polyamic acid may be added.
• the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention comprises a step of irradiating polarized radiation to a film obtained by applying a liquid crystal aligning agent to a substrate and baking it, and a film irradiated with the radiation having a boiling point of 110.
• each process is demonstrated.
• substrate Applying the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained as mentioned above to a board
• the substrate to which the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is applied is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a silicon nitride substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate, or the like can be used. From the viewpoint of simplification of the process, it is preferable to use a substrate on which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode or the like for driving the liquid crystal is formed.
• ITO Indium Tin Oxide
• an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as only one substrate is used.
• a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used as the electrode.
• the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention include a spin coating method, a printing method, and an ink jet method.
• the drying and baking steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent can be selected at any temperature and time. Usually, in order to sufficiently remove the organic solvent contained, it is dried at 50 to 120 ° C., preferably 60 to 100 ° C. for 1 to 10 minutes, and then 150 to 300 ° C., preferably 200 to 250 at 5 to 120. It is fired in minutes.
• the thickness of the coating film after baking is not particularly limited, but if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered, and therefore it is 5 to 300 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
• Step of irradiating polarized radiation The film obtained in the step (1) is irradiated with polarized radiation (hereinafter also referred to as photo-alignment treatment), thereby being perpendicular to the polarization direction. Anisotropy is imparted in the direction.
• photo-alignment treatment there is a method in which the surface of the coating film is irradiated with radiation polarized in a certain direction to impart liquid crystal alignment ability.
• the wavelength of the radiation ultraviolet rays or visible rays having a wavelength of 100 to 800 nm can be used.
• ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 to 400 nm are preferable, and those having a wavelength of 200 to 400 nm are particularly preferable.
• Dose of the radiation is preferably in the range of 1 ⁇ 10,000mJ / cm 2, and particularly preferably in the range of 100 ⁇ 5,000mJ / cm 2.
• the temperature at which the film is irradiated with polarized radiation is preferably 10 to 100 ° C., more preferably 20 to 50 ° C.
• Step of contact treatment using solvent The film irradiated with the radiation polarized in the step (2) is subjected to contact treatment using two specific types of solvents.
• solvents for the contact treatment, at least two kinds of solvents: an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C., preferably 115 to 160 ° C., and water or a water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C., preferably 50 to 80 ° C. Is used.
• the use of the two types of solvents means at least the use of the two types of solvents, and also means the use of a solvent containing another solvent together with the two types of solvents.
• a contact treatment using a solvent other than the two kinds of solvents may be performed.
• the organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. include the following (A-1), formula (A-2), formula (A-3), formula (A-4), and formula (A-5): At least one organic solvent selected from the group consisting of In the formula (A-1), A 1 is a hydrogen atom or an acetyl group, A 2 is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, R 2 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and n is 1 or 2 Is an integer.
• a 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• R 3 and R 4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
• a 5 and A 6 are each independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms.
• a 6 is an alkyl group or cycloalkyl group having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.
• the organic solvents of the above formulas (A-1) to (A-5) are, among others, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, diacetone alcohol And at least one selected from the group consisting of methyl 3-methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, and cyclohexyl acetate. In particular, at least one selected from the group consisting of 1-methoxy-2-propanol and ethyl lactate is preferable.
• Preferred examples of the water or the water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C. include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, and acetone. Of these, water and 2-propanol are more preferable.
• the contact treatment using a film irradiated with polarized radiation and two types of solvent is a treatment such that the film and the liquid are preferably in sufficient contact, such as an immersion treatment or a spraying treatment. Done.
• a method of immersing the film in a solvent preferably 10 seconds to 1 hour, more preferably 1 to 30 minutes is preferable.
• the contact treatment may be carried out at normal temperature or higher or lower by controlling the temperature of the film or solvent, but is preferably carried out at 10 to 80 ° C., more preferably 20 to 50 ° C. .
• means for enhancing contact such as stirring and ultrasonic waves can be applied as necessary.
• both of the contact treatments may be performed continuously, or the time may be increased. You may leave. In the latter case, it is not preferable that an excessive amount of time is left, and therefore it is preferable to carry out continuously.
• the contact treatment is performed with a mixed solvent containing an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. and water or a water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C.
• the mixed solvent is an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. It is preferable to contain the solvent and water or a water-soluble organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C. in a mass ratio of preferably 95/5 to 5/95, more preferably 95/5 to 50/50.
• the process heated at 150 degreeC or more The film
• Such heat treatment may be performed after drying the contact-treated film using a solvent.
• the membrane is preferably dried at 80 to 150 ° C.
• the drying time is preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes.
• the temperature for the heat treatment is preferably 150 to 300 ° C. A higher temperature promotes reorientation of molecular chains. However, if the temperature is too high, molecular chains may be decomposed. Therefore, the heating temperature is more preferably 180 to 250 ° C., and particularly preferably 200 to 230 ° C. If the heating time is too short, the effect of the present invention may not be obtained, and if it is too long, the molecular chain may be decomposed, and therefore it is preferably 10 seconds to 30 minutes, and preferably 1 to 10 minutes. More preferred.
• the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is a liquid crystal cell obtained by a known method after obtaining a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent obtained by the production method of the present invention, and using the liquid crystal cell. It is a liquid crystal display element.
• a liquid crystal display element having a passive matrix structure will be described as an example. Note that an active matrix liquid crystal display element in which a switching element such as a TFT (Thin Film Transistor) is provided in each pixel portion constituting the image display may be used.
• a transparent glass substrate is prepared, a common electrode is provided on one substrate, and a segment electrode is provided on the other substrate.
• These electrodes can be ITO electrodes, for example, and are patterned so as to display a desired image.
• an insulating film is provided on each substrate so as to cover the common electrode and the segment electrode.
• the insulating film can be, for example, a film made of SiO 2 —TiO 2 formed by a sol-gel method.
• the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is formed on each substrate.
• the other substrate is superposed on one substrate so that the alignment film surfaces face each other, and the periphery is bonded with a sealant.
• a spacer is usually mixed in the sealing material.
• spacers for controlling the gap between the substrates are scattered on the in-plane portion where no sealing material is provided. A part of the sealing material is provided with an opening that can be filled with liquid crystal from the outside.
• a liquid crystal material is injected into a space surrounded by two substrates and the sealing material through an opening provided in the sealing material. Thereafter, the opening is sealed with an adhesive.
• a vacuum injection method may be used, or a method utilizing capillary action in the atmosphere may be used.
• a polarizing plate is installed. Specifically, a pair of polarizing plates is attached to the surfaces of the two substrates opposite to the liquid crystal layer.
• viscosity In the synthesis examples, the viscosity of the polyamic acid ester and the polyamic acid solution was measured using an E-type viscometer TVE-22H (manufactured by Toki Sangyo Co., Ltd.), a sample amount of 1.1 mL, and cone rotor TE-1 (1 ° 34 ′, R24 ), Measured at a temperature of 25 ° C.
• the molecular weight of the polyamic acid ester was measured by a GPC (room temperature gel permeation chromatography) apparatus, and the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) were calculated as polyethylene glycol and polyethylene oxide equivalent values.
• GPC device manufactured by Shodex (GPC-101) Column: manufactured by Shodex (series of KD803 and KD805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) 30 mmol / L (liter), phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) 30 mmol / L, tetrahydrofuran (THF) is 10 ml / L) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min Standard sample for preparation of calibration curve: TSK standard polyethylene oxide (weight average molecular weight (Mw) of about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polymer laboratory Polyethylene glycol manufactured by the company (peak top molecular weight (Mp) of about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000). In order to avoid the overlap of peaks, the measurement was performed by mixing four types of 900,000, 100,000, 12,000,
• the imidation ratio of polyimide in the synthesis example was measured as follows. 20 mg of polyimide powder was put into an NMR sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard, ⁇ 5 (manufactured by Kusano Kagaku)) and deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d6, 0.05% TMS (tetramethylsilane) mixed product) (0.0. 53 ml) was added and completely dissolved by sonication. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNW-ECA500) (manufactured by JEOL Datum).
• JNW-ECA500 an NMR measuring instrument
• the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid that appear in the vicinity of 9.5 ppm to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
• Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
• x is a proton peak integrated value derived from NH group of amic acid
• y is a peak integrated value of reference proton
• ⁇ is one NH group proton of amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%) Is the number ratio of the reference proton to.
• a liquid crystal cell having a configuration of a fringe field switching (hereinafter referred to as FFS) mode liquid crystal display element is manufactured.
• a substrate with electrodes was prepared.
• the substrate is a glass substrate having a size of 30 mm ⁇ 50 mm and a thickness of 0.7 mm.
• an ITO electrode having a solid pattern constituting a counter electrode as a first layer is formed.
• a SiN (silicon nitride) film formed by a CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method is formed as a second layer on the counter electrode of the first layer.
• the second layer SiN film has a thickness of 500 nm and functions as an interlayer insulating film.
• a comb-like pixel electrode formed by patterning an ITO film as the third layer is arranged to form two pixels, a first pixel and a second pixel. ing.
• the size of each pixel is 10 mm long and about 5 mm wide.
• the first-layer counter electrode and the third-layer pixel electrode are electrically insulated by the action of the second-layer SiN film.
• the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb-like shape configured by arranging a plurality of dog-shaped electrode elements whose central portion is bent.
• the width in the short direction of each electrode element is 3 ⁇ m, and the distance between the electrode elements is 6 ⁇ m. Since the pixel electrode forming each pixel is formed by arranging a plurality of bent-shaped electrode elements in the central portion, the shape of each pixel is not rectangular, but in the central portion like the electrode elements. It has a shape that bends and resembles a bold-faced koji.
• Each pixel is divided into upper and lower portions with a central bent portion as a boundary, and has a first region on the upper side of the bent portion and a second region on the lower side.
• the formation directions of the electrode elements of the pixel electrodes constituting them are different. That is, when the rubbing direction of the liquid crystal alignment film described later is used as a reference, the electrode element of the pixel electrode is formed to form an angle of + 10 ° (clockwise) in the first region of the pixel, and the pixel in the second region of the pixel.
• the electrode elements of the electrode are formed so as to form an angle of ⁇ 10 ° (clockwise). That is, in the first region and the second region of each pixel, the directions of the rotation operation (in-plane switching) of the liquid crystal induced by the voltage application between the pixel electrode and the counter electrode are mutually in the substrate plane. It is comprised so that it may become a reverse direction.
• the prepared substrate with electrodes and a glass substrate having a columnar spacer with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which an ITO film is formed on the back surface was applied by spin coating. After drying on an 80 ° C. hot plate for 5 minutes, baking was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 230 ° C. for 20 minutes to form a coating film having a thickness of 100 nm. This coating film surface was irradiated with linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm with an extinction ratio of 10: 1 or more via a polarizing plate.
• This substrate is immersed in an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C., or a mixed solvent containing an organic solvent having a boiling point of 110 to 180 ° C. and water or an organic solvent having a boiling point of 50 to 105 ° C. for 3 minutes, and then pure water And then heated on a hot plate at 150 to 300 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
• the two substrates are combined as a set, a sealant is printed on the substrate, and the other substrate is bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces and the alignment direction is 0 °, and then the sealant is added.
• An empty cell was produced by curing.
• Liquid crystal MLC-2041 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain an FFS drive liquid crystal cell. Thereafter, the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 110 ° C. for 1 hour and allowed to stand overnight before being used for each evaluation.
• a liquid crystal cell having the same structure as the liquid crystal cell used for the above-described afterimage evaluation was prepared. Using this liquid crystal cell, an AC voltage of ⁇ 5 V was applied for 120 hours at a frequency of 60 Hz in a constant temperature environment of 60 ° C. Thereafter, the pixel electrode and the counter electrode of the liquid crystal cell were short-circuited and left as it was at room temperature for one day. After leaving, the liquid crystal cell is placed between two polarizing plates arranged so that the polarization axes are orthogonal, and the backlight is turned on with no voltage applied so that the brightness of the transmitted light is minimized. The arrangement angle of the liquid crystal cell was adjusted.
• the rotation angle when the liquid crystal cell was rotated from the angle at which the second region of the first pixel became darkest to the angle at which the first region became darkest was calculated as an angle ⁇ .
• the second area was compared with the first area, and a similar angle ⁇ was calculated.
• the average value of the angle ⁇ values of the first pixel and the second pixel was calculated as the angle ⁇ of the liquid crystal cell.
• NMP was added and stirred at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a solution of polyamic acid (PAA-2).
• PAA-2 polyamic acid
• the viscosity of this polyamic acid solution at a temperature of 25 ° C. was 511 mPa ⁇ s.
• the obtained resin powder was dried at 60 ° C. for 12 hours to obtain a polyimide resin powder.
• the obtained polyimide resin powder 12.53 was taken in a 200 ml sample tube containing a stir bar, 91.89 g of NMP was added, and the mixture was stirred and dissolved at room temperature for 24 hours to obtain a polyimide solution (PI-1).
• Example 1 After the liquid crystal aligning agent (AL-1) obtained in Synthesis Example 3 is filtered through a 1.0 ⁇ m filter, the prepared substrate with electrodes and a columnar shape with a height of 4 ⁇ m on which an ITO film is formed on the back surface. It apply
• the surface of the coating film was irradiated with 0.2 J / cm 2 of 254 nm linearly polarized ultraviolet light having an extinction ratio of 26: 1 through a polarizing plate.
• This substrate was immersed in ethyl lactate at room temperature for 3 minutes, then immersed in pure water for 1 minute, and heated on a hot plate at 200 ° C. for 5 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
• the two substrates are combined as a set, a sealant is printed on the substrate, and the other substrate is bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces and the alignment direction is 0 °, and then the sealant is added.
• An empty cell was produced by curing.
• Liquid crystal MLC-2041 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain an FFS drive liquid crystal cell. Thereafter, the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 110 ° C. for 1 hour and left to stand for evaluation of afterimages by long-term AC driving. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.06 degrees.
• Example 2 After irradiating polarized ultraviolet rays to the coating surface of the substrate, this substrate was immersed in ethyl lactate for 3 minutes at room temperature, then immersed in pure water for 1 minute, and heated on a hot plate at 230 ° C. for 1 minute. Then, an FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced by the same method as in Example 1. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.04 degrees.
• Example 3 After irradiating polarized ultraviolet rays to the coating surface of the substrate, this substrate was immersed in ethyl lactate at room temperature for 3 minutes, then immersed in pure water for 1 minute, and heated on a 230 ° C. hot plate for 3 minutes. Then, an FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced by the same method as in Example 1. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.03 degrees.
• Example 4 After irradiating polarized ultraviolet rays to the coating surface of the substrate, this substrate was immersed in ethyl lactate for 3 minutes at room temperature, then immersed in pure water for 1 minute, and heated on a hot plate at 230 ° C. for 5 minutes. Then, an FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced by the same method as in Example 1. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.03 degrees.
• Example 5 After irradiating polarized ultraviolet rays to the coating surface of the substrate, this substrate was immersed in ethyl lactate at room temperature for 3 minutes, then immersed in pure water for 1 minute, and heated on a 230 ° C. hot plate for 10 minutes. Then, an FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced by the same method as in Example 1. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.04 degrees.
• An FFS drive liquid crystal cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was immersed for 1 minute and heated on a hot plate at 230 ° C. for 5 minutes. This FFS drive liquid crystal cell was subjected to afterimage evaluation by long-term AC drive. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 0.03 degrees.
• the coating film surface was irradiated with 0.2 J / cm 2 of 254 nm linearly polarized ultraviolet light having an extinction ratio of 26: 1 through a polarizing plate.
• This substrate was heated on a hot plate at 230 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
• the two substrates are combined as a set, a sealant is printed on the substrate, and the other substrate is bonded so that the liquid crystal alignment film faces and the alignment direction is 0 °, and then the sealant is added.
• An empty cell was produced by curing.
• Liquid crystal MLC-2041 (manufactured by Merck & Co., Inc.) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and the injection port was sealed to obtain an FFS drive liquid crystal cell. Thereafter, the obtained liquid crystal cell was heated at 110 ° C. for 1 hour and left to stand for evaluation of afterimages by long-term AC driving. The value of the angle ⁇ of this liquid crystal cell after long-term AC driving was 3.0 degrees.
• the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can reduce afterimages caused by alternating current driving in liquid crystal display elements of the IPS driving method or the FFS driving method, and has an excellent IPS driving method or FFS driving.
• a liquid crystal display element of the type is obtained. Therefore, it is particularly useful as a liquid crystal alignment film of an IPS driving type or FFS driving type liquid crystal display element or a liquid crystal television.

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