WO2001011705A1 - Cellule secondaire au lithium - Google Patents
Cellule secondaire au lithium Download PDFInfo
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- WO2001011705A1 WO2001011705A1 PCT/JP2000/004420 JP0004420W WO0111705A1 WO 2001011705 A1 WO2001011705 A1 WO 2001011705A1 JP 0004420 W JP0004420 W JP 0004420W WO 0111705 A1 WO0111705 A1 WO 0111705A1
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- lithium
- secondary battery
- lithium secondary
- electrolyte
- carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery using an aqueous electrolyte in which a lithium salt is dissolved.
- Lithium secondary batteries have high electromotive force and high energy density, and have been widely used in recent years as main power sources for mobile communication devices and portable electronic devices.
- these batteries L i x C O_ ⁇ 2, L i x M n 2 ⁇ such occlusion of lithium ions, a compound such as a lithium-containing oxide having a potential higher can release the active material of positive electrode
- a battery is configured using a material that can store and release lithium ions, such as graphite and amorphous carbon, and has a low potential, in addition to lithium metal, as an active material of a negative electrode.
- non-aqueous electrolyte examples include an organic electrolyte in which a lithium salt is dissolved in an organic solvent, a solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity, a so-called “gel” polymer electrolyte in which an organic electrolyte solution is held in a polymer matrix, Various types of electrolytes are known, such as a dry polymer electrolyte in which lithium is dissolved in an organic polymer such as polyethylene oxide.
- batteries using the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolyte also have problems relating to characteristics, safety, etc., which are specific to the form of each electrolyte.
- the organic electrolyte is an electrolyte for lithium secondary batteries that is widely used.
- Typical organic electrolytes include ethylene carbonate and Electrolytes in which lithium salts such as lithium hexafluorophosphate and lithium tetrafluoroborate are dissolved in an organic solvent such as getyl carbonate and dimethyl carbonate are widely used.
- These organic solvents are generally highly volatile and flammable. Therefore, in the battery using the above-mentioned organic electrolyte, if the battery temperature rises abnormally for some reason or an internal short circuit occurs in the battery, the internal pressure rises and the battery ruptures or catches fire and ignites There was danger.
- the above-mentioned flammability issues include, for example, Li 3 P ⁇ 4 —Li 2 S -SiS 2 and Li 3 N, since inorganic materials themselves are not volatile or flammable,
- inorganic solid electrolyte described above it is possible to avoid the problem related to safety caused by the organic electrolyte.
- steps such as grinding and mixing or molding with the electrode material, and the adhesion between the active material and the electrolyte is not a problem with liquid electrolytes.
- a polar polymer component such as polyacrylonitrile and an organic electrolyte are disclosed.
- the "gel” electrolyte which mixes the solution and retains the organic electrolyte in a polymer matrix, has been de-fluidized and has apparently improved handling.
- this type of "gel” polyelectrolyte is similar to an organic electrolyte in that it uses an organic solvent, and so neither safety issues nor storage and transport issues are basically improved.
- the polymer component increases the ion migration resistance, battery performance generally tends to be lower than that of a battery using a solution-based organic electrolyte.
- an electrolyte obtained by dissolving a lithium salt in polyethylene oxide is used.
- a polymer of a bridge structure of a polyether copolymer as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. H10-204172 is used.
- An electrolyte with a skeleton and a solute dissolved therein was developed as a "dry" polymer electrolyte.
- these "dry" polyelectrolytes exhibit a mechanism of charge transfer in which the anions that form the lithium ion pair move with the mobile ion, the lithium ion.
- the cation transport number becomes low, mass transfer becomes rate-limiting, and rapid charge / discharge characteristics become insufficient.
- the positive electrode active material a compound showing a higher potential of lithium potential out release, L i M n ⁇ 2, L i M n 2 ⁇ 4 and V 0 2 occlude lithium ions, such as, using the compound released to indicate the close conductive position to lithium potential as the negative electrode active material, L i C 1 and L i in the electrolyte
- a lithium salt such as OH
- each of these types of batteries is merely a configuration in which the electrolyte of a conventional lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte is replaced with an aqueous electrolyte, and the operating range is 1 to 2 V. Is disclosed.
- the actually stable operating region is about 1.2 V, which basically does not exceed the concept of a battery using a conventional aqueous electrolyte. That is, it has been considered that a battery using an aqueous electrolyte solution cannot obtain a high electromotive force as in a lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the present invention relates to the fact that a high cell voltage of a lithium secondary battery is formed by the environment of a material that absorbs and releases lithium ions and an ion-conductive electrolyte in which water is not present, and that water is used in an aqueous electrolyte. Focusing on the fact that decomposition occurs due to the transfer of electrons between an electron-conductive electrode and water molecules in contact with the electrode, it is possible to obtain a high-quality battery that can be obtained with a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery even though it is a battery with an aqueous electrolyte. This is to realize a lithium secondary battery showing electromotive force. Furthermore, in the present invention, a lithium secondary battery having high safety and no internal short circuit due to dendrite growth is realized by taking advantage of the feature that metal lithium is not deposited in an aqueous electrolyte solution. Things. Disclosure of the invention
- the present invention absorbs lithium ions.
- a positive electrode and a negative electrode having an active material capable of being stored and released; a positive electrode interposed between an electrode coating layer made of a water-insoluble, ion-conductive polymer solid electrolyte covering the two electrodes; And a lithium secondary battery comprising an aqueous electrolyte separated from the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode coated with the non-aqueous polymer solid electrolyte generate a reversible potential due to insertion and extraction of lithium ions as in the non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- the aqueous electrolyte is interposed between the solid polymer electrolyte layers that respectively cover the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and shares only ionic conductivity due to lithium ions.
- FIG. 1 is a sectional view of an embodiment of a lithium secondary battery to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a charge / discharge curve of a lithium secondary battery to which the present invention is applied.
- FIG. 1 illustrates a lithium secondary battery according to the present invention.
- 1 is a positive electrode
- 2 is a negative electrode
- 3 is a positive electrode current collector
- 4 is a positive electrode active material layer
- 5 is a negative electrode current collector
- 6 is a negative electrode active material layer
- 7 is a positive electrode lead
- 8 is a negative electrode lead
- 9 is Electrode plate coating layer
- 10 is Separation overnight
- 11 is pack.
- the positive electrode 1 includes a positive electrode current collector 3 and a positive electrode active material layer 4 carried on the current collector 3.
- the negative electrode 2 includes a negative electrode current collector 5 and a negative electrode active material layer 6 carried on the current collector 5.
- a positive electrode lead 7 and a negative electrode 8 are connected to the positive electrode current collector 3 and the negative electrode current collector 5, respectively.
- Each of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 has an electrode coating layer 9 made of a non-aqueous polymer solid electrolyte which is ion-conductive and has no electronic conductivity.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode having the electrode coating layer 9 are assembled through a The group is composed and housed in aluminum-laminated packs 11.
- the positive electrode lead 7 and the negative electrode lead 8 are grouped for the same polarity, and penetrate the pack 11 while being electrically insulated from the pack 11. Although not shown in the figure, the aqueous electrolyte solution was injected into the pack, and most of the electrolyte solution was impregnated in the separator 10.
- the surfaces of the positive electrode leads 7 and 8 exposed from the electrode coating layer 9 inside the pack 11 come into contact with the aqueous electrolyte solution.
- the surface of the current collectors and leads exposed in the cell is covered with an insulating resin, the outer periphery of the plate surface over the separator is covered with resin, or the separator is replaced.
- the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 are separated from the aqueous electrolyte solution impregnated in the separator 10 by an ionic conductive non-aqueous polymer solid electrolyte having no electronic conductivity. I have. Therefore, the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 placed in the environment of a non-aqueous polymer solid electrolyte with ionic conductivity can occlude and release lithium ions in the same manner as a conventional lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte. However, these electrodes and the solid polymer electrolyte play a role in generating an electromotive force.
- ionic conductivity due to the movement of ions between the two electrodes is necessary.
- This ionic conductivity is sequentially shared by the solid polymer electrolyte covering the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 and the aqueous electrolyte sandwiched therebetween and separated from both electrodes. That is, in the configuration of the present invention, only the transfer of charges by ions is shared in the aqueous electrolyte solution.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are in an environment surrounded by a non-aqueous polymer solid electrolyte, and an aqueous electrolyte solution is present around the environment, separated by the polymer solid electrolyte.
- an active material capable of absorbing and releasing lithium ions and stably exhibiting a potential higher than the lithium potential at the positive electrode and a low potential close to lithium at the negative electrode. You need to know.
- positive electrode materials and negative electrode materials, such as spinel-type lithium-containing metal oxides, used in lithium secondary batteries using ordinary nonaqueous electrolytes can be applied as they are.
- a compound containing at least one component selected from the following is a preferable material.
- the above X value is a value before the start of charge / discharge, that is, indicates the lithium-containing composition of the material at the time of preparing the mixture, and during the charge / discharge process, along with the occlusion and release of lithium ions. Increase or decrease.
- transition metal chalcogenides vanadium oxides and lithium compounds thereof, niobium oxides and lithium compounds thereof, conjugated polymers using organic conductive materials
- Other positive electrode active materials such as Chevrel phase compounds, can also be used. It is also possible to use a mixture of a plurality of different positive electrode active materials.
- the average particle size of the positive electrode active material particles is not particularly limited,
- negative electrode active material materials include pyrolytic carbons capable of occluding and releasing lithium, cokes such as pitch coke, needle coke, petroleum coke, graphite, and glass.
- a simple substance or compound containing at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium-containing transition metal oxides or transition metal sulfides such as i 4/3 T i 5/3 0 4 and T i S 2 is applied as a preferable material. It is possible.
- a carbon material is suitable.
- a carbon material is suitable.
- graphite having a (002) plane spacing of 0.340 nm or less when graphite having a (002) plane spacing of 0.340 nm or less is used, a high energy density can be obtained.
- the above materials can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the active material for the positive electrode and the negative electrode is kneaded with a conductive material and a binder to prepare a mixture of the active material, and applied and filled on the current collector 3 for the positive electrode and the current collector 5 for the negative electrode. Is done.
- a conductive material for the positive electrode used for the mixture an electronic conductive material that does not cause a chemical change in the charge and discharge potential of the positive electrode material used can be widely applied.
- graphites such as natural graphite (flaky graphite), artificial graphite, etc., carbon blacks such as acetylene black, Ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, thermal black, etc., and conductive materials such as carbon fiber and metal fiber Fiber, Metal powders such as carbonized carbon, copper, nickel, aluminum, and silver; zinc oxide and titanium; conductive whiskers such as acid oxidized rim; conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; and organic conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives. Can be used alone or as a mixture thereof.
- conductive agents artificial graphite, acetylene black and nickel powder are particularly preferred.
- the amount of the conductive agent is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 50% by weight. Particularly, in order to balance the capacity and characteristics, 1 to 30% by weight is particularly preferable. For carbon and graphite, the appropriate amount is 2 to 15% by weight.
- an electronic conductive material can be widely applied.
- natural graphite such as flaky graphite
- graphite such as artificial graphite
- carbon black such as acetylene black, Ketjen black
- Conductive fibers, metal powders such as carbon fluoride, copper, and nickel
- organic conductive materials such as a polyphenylene derivative may be used alone or in combination.
- artificial graphite, acetylene black and carbon fiber are particularly preferred.
- the amount of the conductive material to be added is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 1% by weight to 50% by weight. In particular, the content is preferably 1% by weight or more and 30% by weight or less in order to achieve both the filling capacity and characteristics. Further, since carbon itself has electronic conductivity in the negative electrode active material layer 6 of the present invention, it functions as a negative electrode without adding a conductive agent again.
- a binder for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode, a binder, a filler, a dispersant, an ionic conductive agent, and various other additives are applied to the mixture as required, in addition to the conductive agent.
- the filler is a reinforcing material, and a material that does not cause a chemical change in the configured battery is applied in a fibrous form.
- a material that does not cause a chemical change in the configured battery is applied in a fibrous form.
- polypropylene polymers, polyethylene-based polymers such as polyethylene, and fibers such as glass and carbon are used.
- the amount of the filler added is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0 to 30% by weight.
- the ion conductive agent may be the same as the solid polymer electrolyte for forming the electrode coating layer, but may be any other non-aqueous, ionic conductive material. It is appropriate that the mixture of the above-mentioned materials is kneaded with water or an organic solvent and used as a paste. The mixture is filled in the current collector for positive electrode 3 and the current collector for negative electrode 5 by an ordinary method, respectively, and dried to form the active material layer 4 and the active material layer of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2.
- the positive electrode current collector 3 does not cause a chemical change in the charge / discharge potential of the positive electrode material used.
- Electronic conductive materials can be used.
- a material obtained by surface-treating aluminum or stainless steel with carbon or titanium can be used.
- aluminum or aluminum alloy is a preferable material because of its light weight and excellent conductivity.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 to 500 im.
- the current collector for the negative electrode must be an electron conductive material that does not cause a chemical change in the configured battery.
- nickel, copper, titanium, carbon, conductive resin, and the like copper, stainless steel, and the like can be used after carbon, nickel, or titanium is surface-treated.
- Copper and copper alloys are preferable materials having good conductivity and excellent coating properties of the negative electrode mixture. These materials can be used by oxidizing the surface or forming irregularities on the surface by surface processing.
- Various shapes such as films, sheets, nets, perforated metal, lath plates, porous bodies, foams, and molded products of fiber groups can be applied to the shapes, in addition to oil.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but a thickness of 1 to 500 m is used.
- the material of the electrode coating layer 9 which is a main component of the present invention will be described.
- the material of the electrode covering layer 9 is naturally required to be insoluble in water and have no electronic conductivity, and not to be dissolved in an aqueous electrolyte or cause a chemical reaction.
- the basic requirements are that they be non-aqueous, that they be lithium ion conductors, and that the active material of the positive and negative electrodes be a material that provides an environment capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- Preferred materials meeting the above conditions include at least one selected from the group consisting of polyesters, polyamines, polysulfides, polyether copolymers, polyether cross-linked products, and comb-shaped polymers having polyether side chains. Examples include an ion conductive polymer in which a lithium salt is dissolved in a molecule.
- an ion conductive compound in which the polymer solid electrolyte has a lithium salt in the side chain of the polymer, and a mixture of a compound having a carbon-carbon double bond and a lithium silylamide compound can be exemplified.
- the lithium silylamide compound lithium pistrimethylsilylamide and lithium pistriethylsilylamide are applicable.
- Compounds having a carbon-carbon double bond include, for example, methacrylonitrile, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, maleic acid, itaconic acid, and vinyl.
- Propionic acid methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, normal propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, normal butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate, hydroxylethyl methacrylate, vinyl formate, acetic acid
- examples include vinyl, butadiene, vinylene carbonate, vinylethylene carbonate, divinylethylene carbonate, and the like.
- Other compounds having a carbon-carbon double bond can be separately polymerized and used.
- the electrode coating material a water-repellent binder and an organic solvent can be mixed as necessary.
- the above-mentioned material is preferably applied in the form of a paste to the surfaces of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 to form the electrode coating layer 9. Since the function of the present invention is realized under the condition that the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 do not come in contact with the aqueous electrolyte solution, for example, if the aqueous electrolyte solution is impregnated over the separator and is not released outside, the electrode is not necessarily used. It does not need to be entirely coated.
- the configuration in which the electrode coating layer 9 is provided only on the surface of the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 facing the separator to isolate the electrode from the aqueous electrolyte has the same function as the present invention, and is included in the configuration of the present invention. .
- the aqueous electrolyte solution is prepared by dissolving a lithium salt in water. It is required that the lithium salt is soluble in water, has excellent conductivity, and does not react with the material of the electrode cover layer 9.
- Preferred Lithium salts are dissolved in water-bis [Torifuruorome evening Nsuruhon acid] imide (CF 3 SO 2) 2 NL i, bis [Pen evening full O b ethanesulfonic acid] imide (C 2 F 5 S_ ⁇ 2 ) 2 NL i, bis [1,2 benzenediolate (2 —) — 0, lithium ⁇ '] lithium borate, bis [2,3 naphthol dienolate (2 —) — ⁇ , ⁇ '] lithium borate, Bis [2,2'biphenyldiolate (2 —) _ ⁇ , ⁇ '] lithium borate, bis [5fluoro-2-oleate-1 benzenesulfonic acid (2 —) _ ⁇ , ⁇ '] lithium borate, lithium hexafluorophosphate (L i PF 6), the hexa full O b antimonate lithium (L i SbF 6), Kisafuruoro shed
- the electrode plate group is configured by disposing a porous separator between the positive electrode 1 and the negative electrode 2 having the electrode coating layer 9, inserted into the pack 11, and the aqueous electrolyte is applied inside the pack 11.
- the mode of applying the aqueous electrolyte there are a method of inserting the electrode plate group into the pack 11 and then injecting it into the pack as described above, a method of impregnating the porous separator 10 overnight, A method of kneading with a gelling agent and interposing it between the surfaces of the electrode coating layers 9 of both electrodes, and substituting this for the layer of the separator 10, or a method of using any of the above forms can be arbitrarily applied. .
- connection of the current collector for the positive electrode and the lead and the insulation coating of the exposed portion are performed at any time before the electrode is inserted into the pack.
- the pack is temporarily sealed, and the pack is sealed through necessary steps such as initial charging and inspection.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present invention comprises a positive electrode and a negative electrode provided with an active material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions, and an electrode comprising a water-insoluble and ion-conductive polymer solid electrolyte covering both electrodes. It is characterized by comprising a coating layer and an aqueous solution electrolyte interposed between the electrode coating layers of the above two electrodes.
- the conventional lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte while having an aqueous solution electrolyte is provided. It is a highly safe battery that gives the same high battery voltage as the secondary battery.
- a mixture of 85% by weight of lithium cobalt oxide powder as the active material for the positive electrode, 10% by weight of carbon powder as the conductive agent, and 5% by weight of polyvinylidene fluoride resin as the binder was mixed with dehydrated N. —Dispersed in methylpyrrolidinone to prepare a slurry mixture for the positive electrode.
- An aluminum foil was used as the current collector 3 for the positive electrode, the above-described mixture for the positive electrode was applied thereto, dried, and then rolled to produce a positive electrode plate.
- the solid polymer electrolyte for the electrode coating layer was 2.002 g of ethyl acrylate having a molecular weight of 100.117 and lithium pistrimethylsilylamide 3.3 having a molecular weight of 167.330. Mix 46.6 g by stirring for 30 minutes in a dry atmosphere with a dew point of 130 ° C or less. Produced. Next, the above-mentioned ion-conductive polymer solid electrolyte solution was applied to the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode plate by using a doctor blade method, and polymerized in a dry air stream to form an electrode coating layer.
- a lead was connected to the current collector of the electrode plate, the exposed surfaces of the current collector and the lead were insulated and coated with epoxy resin, and then one positive electrode and two negative electrodes coated with the polymer solid electrolyte were formed.
- a 1.25 M aqueous solution of lithium bistripene fluorene sulfonate sulfonate was prepared and used as the aqueous electrolyte solution, injected into the above pack, the aluminum laminate pack was closed with heat, and the design capacity was 12 O A lithium secondary battery of the present invention with mAh was produced.
- Polyester represented by the chemical formula [O (CH 2 ) (CH 2 ) OCO (CH 2 ) m CO] n (m, n: a positive integer) is used as a material for forming the electrode coating layer, and lithium tetrafluoroborate is used.
- a lithium secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that an ion-conductive solid polymer electrolyte in which was dissolved was used, and a 1.5 M lithium tetrafluoroborate aqueous solution was used as an aqueous electrolyte solution.
- the battery prepared above was designed to have a design capacity of 12 O with a charge end voltage of 4.IV and a discharge end voltage of 3.0 V.
- the charge / discharge test was performed at a current of 12 mA corresponding to 0.1 C of mAh.
- FIG. 2 shows the change of the charge / discharge voltage at that time. Since the batteries in the above two examples showed almost the same characteristics, the characteristics of the battery of Example 1 are shown in the figure as a representative example. As is clear from the figure, the lithium secondary battery of the present invention stably exhibited a high discharge voltage exceeding 3 V despite the use of the aqueous electrolyte solution.
- these batteries use an aqueous electrolyte having a significantly lower ion migration resistance than conventional nonaqueous electrolytes, and therefore have superior voltage characteristics compared to nonaqueous electrolyte lithium secondary batteries. Showed sex. It was also found that a discharge capacity of about 12 O mAh was theoretically calculated from the weight of the active material.
- a polymer which is a polymer composed of ethyl acrylate and lithium pistrimethylsilylamide, and a chemical formula [0 (CH 2 ) (CH 2 ) OCO (CH 2) m CO] n a polyester polymer represented by the skeleton
- the polymer solid electrolyte in which lithium tetrafluoroborate is mixed is shown, other non-water-soluble ion-conductive polymer solid electrolytes can be used without being limited to this example. Also, their composition is arbitrary.
- the materials for the positive electrode active material, the negative electrode active material, the electrode covering layer, and the aqueous electrolyte solution which are the basic components of the present invention, are not limited to the materials described in the above examples. Combinations of the materials already described as preferred embodiments are possible.
- the configuration of the lithium secondary battery of the present invention is also limited to a basic configuration in which the electrode and the solid polymer electrolyte are in contact with each other and the aqueous electrolyte is separated from the solid polymer electrolyte.
- the present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
- the shape of the battery is not limited to the pack type as in the present embodiment, but may be any type such as a coin type, a pot type, a sheet type, a laminated type, a cylindrical type, a flat type, and a square type.
- the present invention not only applies a safe aqueous electrolyte solution, but also achieves a high voltage and excellent charge / discharge characteristics comparable to those of a conventional lithium secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte. hand,
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- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP00940930A EP1130670A4 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-07-04 | SECONDARY LITHIUM CELL |
US09/807,054 US6645667B1 (en) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-07-04 | Lithium secondary cell |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP11/223390 | 1999-08-06 | ||
JP11223390A JP2001052747A (ja) | 1999-08-06 | 1999-08-06 | リチウム二次電池 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2001011705A1 true WO2001011705A1 (fr) | 2001-02-15 |
Family
ID=16797406
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/JP2000/004420 WO2001011705A1 (fr) | 1999-08-06 | 2000-07-04 | Cellule secondaire au lithium |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6645667B1 (ja) |
EP (1) | EP1130670A4 (ja) |
JP (1) | JP2001052747A (ja) |
KR (1) | KR100656023B1 (ja) |
CN (1) | CN1171346C (ja) |
WO (1) | WO2001011705A1 (ja) |
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US7858231B2 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2010-12-28 | Panasonic Corporation | Current collector sheet and electrochemical device |
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- 2000-07-04 EP EP00940930A patent/EP1130670A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-04 US US09/807,054 patent/US6645667B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US7563539B2 (en) * | 2000-04-04 | 2009-07-21 | Sony Corporation | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
US7858231B2 (en) * | 2002-12-27 | 2010-12-28 | Panasonic Corporation | Current collector sheet and electrochemical device |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN1319263A (zh) | 2001-10-24 |
KR100656023B1 (ko) | 2006-12-08 |
CN1171346C (zh) | 2004-10-13 |
JP2001052747A (ja) | 2001-02-23 |
EP1130670A4 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
EP1130670A1 (en) | 2001-09-05 |
US6645667B1 (en) | 2003-11-11 |
KR20010088839A (ko) | 2001-09-28 |
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