US9360784B2 - Magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images - Google Patents
Magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US9360784B2 US9360784B2 US14/593,789 US201514593789A US9360784B2 US 9360784 B2 US9360784 B2 US 9360784B2 US 201514593789 A US201514593789 A US 201514593789A US 9360784 B2 US9360784 B2 US 9360784B2
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fluorescent substance
- visible light
- magenta toner
- colorant
- toner
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N lichenxanthone Natural products COC1=CC(O)=C2C(=O)C3=C(C)C=C(OC)C=C3OC2=C1 QDLAGTHXVHQKRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004020 luminiscence type Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010907 mechanical stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000003136 n-heptyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001971 neopentyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006902 nitrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(N)=O LYRFLYHAGKPMFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(N)=O FATBGEAMYMYZAF-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001061 orange colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002080 perylenyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C2C=CC=C3C4=CC=CC5=CC=CC(C1=C23)=C45)* 0.000 description 1
- CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N peryrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=3C2=C2C=CC=3)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 CSHWQDPOILHKBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229940104573 pigment red 5 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012165 plant wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001083 polybutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000012643 polycondensation polymerization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001062 red colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N ricinelaidic acid Chemical compound CCCCCC[C@@H](O)C\C=C\CCCCCCCC(O)=O WBHHMMIMDMUBKC-XLNAKTSKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960003656 ricinoleic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ricinoleic acid Natural products CCCCCCC(O[Si](C)(C)C)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC FEUQNCSVHBHROZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 125000000542 sulfonic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 1
- 238000010558 suspension polymerization method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001712 tetrahydronaphthyl group Chemical group C1(CCCC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N thioindigo Chemical compound S\1C2=CC=CC=C2C(=O)C/1=C1/C(=O)C2=CC=CC=C2S1 JOUDBUYBGJYFFP-FOCLMDBBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N thulium atom Chemical compound [Tm] FRNOGLGSGLTDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009849 vacuum degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0902—Inorganic compounds
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0906—Organic dyes
- G03G9/091—Azo dyes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0906—Organic dyes
- G03G9/092—Quinacridones
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G9/00—Developers
- G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
- G03G9/09—Colouring agents for toner particles
- G03G9/0926—Colouring agents for toner particles characterised by physical or chemical properties
Definitions
- the present disclosure is directed to a magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images.
- magenta toner plays an important role in reproducing a tone of the skin.
- the skin tone of a human subject is a half tone, excellent developability is desired for magenta toner.
- a quinacridone colorant a quinacridone colorant, a thioindigo colorant, a xanthene colorant, a monoazo colorant, a perylene colorant, and a diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole (DPP) colorant are well known.
- DPP diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole
- JP 1997-255882 A discloses that a pigment may be finely-dispersed in various media. However, it is difficult to allow a pigment included in a toner prepared by the conventional toner preparation procedure to have a sufficiently fine particle diameter. Also, it is difficult to homogeneously disperse fine pigment particles in a toner.
- the full-color image forming method utilizes a 5 or more color toner set including orange toner or red toner, in addition to yellow toner, magenta toner, cyan toner and black toner.
- colors in the 360 degree range of the munsell color circle-chart are reproduced by additionally using orange toner or red toner in addition to a yellow toner, a magenta toner, and a cyan toner, thus, enlarging a color reproduction region.
- JP 2007-304401 A discloses that an orange toner using an orange colorant, such as C. I.
- JP 2011-242431 A discloses that red toner using a red colorant, such as C. I. vat red 41 is used to enlarge a color reproduction region from a red region to an orange region.
- JP 2000-181170 A discloses a toner in which a fluorescent colorant is added to a colorant to obtain improved brightness, enlarged color reproduction region, and improved color tone.
- a wavelength region outside a main wavelength region of an absorption spectrum has an absorption area of 98% or less, it is difficult to enlarge a color reproduction region while the color quality is maintained.
- the high demand for high-quality images has led to the high demand for more finely divided toner particles having a smaller particle diameter.
- fluorescent characteristics of the inorganic fluorescent substance may deteriorate. Accordingly, improvement in color reproduction effects is insufficient.
- the present disclosure provides a magenta toner having improved tone, chroma, and electrophotographic properties.
- An embodiment of a magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images includes a magenta toner particle having a polymer binder and a colorant, wherein the colorant includes a magenta pigment or dye and a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance.
- FIG. 1 is graph of absorption (arbitrary unit, a. u.) versus wavelength (nanometers, nm) showing a visible-light absorption spectrum of magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images prepared according to Example 1, and a visible-light absorption spectrum of magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images prepared according to Comparative Examples 1 and 3.
- first, second, third etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections, these elements, components, regions, layers, and/or sections should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer, or section from another element, component, region, layer, or section. Thus, a first element, component, region, layer, or section discussed below could be termed a second element, component, region, layer, or section without departing from the teachings of the present embodiments.
- spatially relative terms such as “beneath,” “below,” “lower,” “above,” “upper” and the like, may be used herein for ease of description to describe one element or feature's relationship to another element(s) or feature(s) as illustrated in the figures. It will be understood that the spatially relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations of the device in use or operation in addition to the orientation depicted in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures is turned over, elements described as “below” or “beneath” other elements or features would then be oriented “above” the other elements or features. Thus, the exemplary term “below” can encompass both an orientation of above and below. The device may be otherwise oriented (rotated 90 degrees or at other orientations) and the spatially relative descriptors used herein interpreted accordingly.
- “About” or “approximately” as used herein is inclusive of the stated value and means within an acceptable range of deviation for the particular value as determined by one of ordinary skill in the art, considering the measurement in question and the error associated with measurement of the particular quantity (i.e., the limitations of the measurement system). For example, “about” can mean within one or more standard deviations, or within ⁇ 30%, 20%, 10%, 5% of the stated value.
- Exemplary embodiments are described herein with reference to cross section illustrations that are schematic illustrations of idealized embodiments. As such, variations from the shapes of the illustrations as a result, for example, of manufacturing techniques and/or tolerances, are to be expected. Thus, embodiments described herein should not be construed as limited to the particular shapes of regions as illustrated herein but are to include deviations in shapes that result, for example, from manufacturing. For example, a region illustrated or described as flat may, typically, have rough and/or nonlinear features. Moreover, sharp angles that are illustrated may be rounded. Thus, the regions illustrated in the figures are schematic in nature and their shapes are not intended to illustrate the precise shape of a region and are not intended to limit the scope of the present claims.
- An embodiment of a magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images includes a magenta toner particle including a polymer binder and a colorant, wherein the colorant includes a magenta pigment or dye and a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance.
- a toner In order for an electrophotographically printed color image to have a higher quality, a toner is required to have a smaller particle diameter.
- An emulsion coagulation method or a suspension polymerization method may be used to obtain micro-fine toner particles having a smaller particle diameter, such as, about 6 micrometers ( ⁇ m).
- ⁇ m micrometers
- the dispersed colorant particles To homogeneously disperse a colorant within such a micro-fine toner particle, it is desired that the dispersed colorant particles have an average particle diameter of about 50 nanometers (nm) to about 500 nm.
- fine oxide fluorescent substance particles having such a small particle diameter may not retain their intrinsic fluorescent characteristics. Accordingly, even when fine oxide fluorescent substance particles are added to a colorant, desired improvement effects may not be obtained.
- the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance used in embodiments of the present disclosure may retain its intrinsic fluorescent characteristics, even when the particle diameter is small, such as, for example, about 50
- An average particle diameter of the dispersed particles of the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance may be, for example, in a range of about 50 nm to about 500 nm. When the average particle diameter is smaller than about 50 nm, fluorescent characteristics of the dispersed particles of the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance may substantially decrease. When the average particle diameter is greater than about 500 nm, it may be difficult to homogeneously disperse the colorant within the toner particle.
- An amount of the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance in the colorant may be, for example, in a range of about 5 percent by weight (wt %) to about 75 wt % based on 100 wt % of a total weight of the colorant.
- wt % percent by weight
- 75 wt % fluorescent characteristics of the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance may decrease.
- the amount of the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance is greater than about 75 wt %, transparency of the colorant may be dominating and thus, the base color of the colorant may appear transparent.
- a host crystal for the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance may include, for example, at least one selected from MAlSiN 3 , M 2 Si 5 N 8 , M 3 SiO 5 , MS, MGa 2 S 4 , and MSi 2 N 2 O 2 , where M represents at least one selected from magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), and barium (Ba).
- An activator for the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance may include, for example, at least one selected from europium (Eu), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), bismuth (Bi), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), and ytterbium (Yb).
- Examples of the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance are CaAlSiN 3 :Eu, SrAlSiN 3 :Eu, (Ca 1-a Sr a )AlSiN 3 :Eu, CaAlSiN 3 :Ce, SrAlSiN 3 :Ce, (Ca 1-a Sr a )AlSiN 3 :Ce, Ca 2 Si 5 N 8 :Eu, Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 :Eu, Ba 2 Si 5 N 8 :Eu, (Ca 1-a Sr a ) 2 Si 5 N 8 :Eu, Ca 2 Si 5 N 8 :Ce, Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 :Ce, Ba 2 Si 5 N 8 :Ce, (Ca 1-a Sr a ) 2 Si 5 N 8 :Ce, Ba 3 SiO 5 :Eu, (Sr 1-a Ba a ) 3 SiO 5 Eu, Sr 3 SiO 5
- a magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images includes a polymer binder.
- the polymer binder is not particularly limited.
- the polymer binder may include, for example, a styrene-ester acrylate copolymer, a styrene-ester acrylate-(meth)acrylic acid copolymer, a polyester, or a combination thereof.
- the polyester may be obtained by, for example, condensation-polymerization of a polybasic carboxylic acid and a polyhydric alcohol.
- An acid value of the polymer binder is not particularly limited.
- the acid value of the polymer binder may be in a range of about 5 milligrams of potassium hydroxide (KOH) per gram (mgKOH/g) to about 20 mgKOH/g. When the acid value of the polymer binder is within this range, the stability of charging of the toner in a humid condition may be further improved.
- KOH potassium hydroxide
- a magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images includes a magenta pigment or dye.
- the magenta pigment may be, for example, a monoazo pigment.
- the monoazo pigment may be, for example, represented by Formula 1 below:
- R 1 to R 3 in Formula 1 each represent a substituent selected from a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a halogen atom, a nitro group (—NO 2 ), an anilide group (Ar—NH—, wherein Ar is an aryl group), and a sulfamoyl group.
- R 4 represents a substituent selected from substituents listed below: —OH, —NH 2 ,
- R 5 to R 8 each represent a substituent selected from —H, —Cl, —CH 3 , —OCH 3 , —OC 2 H 5 , —NO 2 , and —NHCOCH 3 .
- Examples of the monoazo magenta pigment include C.I. pigment red 5, C.I. pigment red 31, C.I. pigment red 146, C.I. pigment red 147, C.I. pigment red 150, C.I. pigment red 184, C.I. pigment red 269, and any combination thereof. These monoazo magenta pigments may have excellent light fastness and color hue.
- the quinacridone pigment may be, for example, represented by Formula 2.
- the quinacridone pigment may be, for example, a unsubstituted quinacridone pigment in which a quinacridone backbone does not have a substituent; a substituted quinacridone pigment in which a quinacridone backbone has a substituent; a solid solution quinacridone pigment including a combination of quinacridone compounds substituted with different substituents; or a combination thereof.
- Examples of the quinacridone pigment include C.I. pigment violet 19 (unsubstituted quinacridone), C.I. pigment red 122 (2,9-dimethyl quinacridone), C.I. pigment red 202 (2,9-dichloro quinacridone), and C.I. pigment red 209 (3,10-dichloro quinacridone). These quinacridone pigments may be used alone or in combination thereof.
- X and Z in Formula 2 each independently represent a substituent, such as a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, or a halogen group. Numeric values of Formula 2 indicate location of a substituent.
- a magenta toner for developing electrostatic latent images may further include a release agent.
- the release agent include a hydrocarbon wax, such as a polyethylene wax, a polypropylene wax, a polybutene wax, or a paraffin wax; silicones that exhibit a softening point under heating; fatty acid amides, such as oleic acid amide, erucic acid amide, ricinoleic acid amide, or stearic acid amide; and a plant wax, such as a carnauba wax, a rice wax, a candelilla wax, tallow, or jojoba oil.
- alkyl refers to a completely saturated, branched or unbranched (or a straight or linear) hydrocarbon having the specified number of carbon atoms.
- Non-limiting examples of the “alkyl” group include methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, t-butyl, isopentyl, neopentyl, iso-amyl, n-hexyl, 3-methylhexyl, 2,2-dimethylpentyl, 2,3-dimethylpentyl, and n-heptyl.
- At least one hydrogen atom of the alkyl group may be substituted with a halogen atom, a C1-C20 alkyl group substituted with a halogen atom (for example, —CCF 3 , —CHCF 2 , —CH 2 F, —CCl 3 , and the like), a C1-C20 alkoxy group, a C2-C20 alkoxyalkyl group, a hydroxyl group (—OH), a nitro group (—NO 2 ), a cyano group (—CN), an amino group (—NRR′, wherein R and R′ are each independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group), an amido group (—C( ⁇ O)NRR′, wherein R and R′ are independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group), an amidino group (—C( ⁇ NH)NRR′ wherein R and R′ are independently hydrogen or a C1-C10 alkyl group), a hydrazine group (—
- halogen atom refers to fluorine, bromine, chloride, iodine, and the like.
- alkoxy refers to “alkyl-O-”, wherein the alkyl is the same as described above, and which has the specified number of carbon atoms.
- Non-limiting examples of the alkoxy group include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, 2-propoxy, n-butoxy, iso-butoxy, t-butoxy, pentyloxy, hexyloxy, cyclopropoxy, and cyclohexyloxy.
- At least one hydrogen atom of the alkoxy group may be substituted with substituents that are the same as those recited above in conjunction with the alkyl group.
- aryl refers to an aromatic hydrocarbon containing at least one ring and having the specified number of carbon atoms.
- the term “aryl” may be construed as including a group with an aromatic ring fused to at least one cycloalkyl ring.
- Non-limiting examples of the “aryl” group include phenyl, naphthyl, and tetrahydronaphthyl.
- At least one hydrogen atom of the “aryl” group may be substituted with substituents that are the same as those recited above in conjunction with the alkyl group.
- the term “sulfamoyl” group indicates H 2 NS(O 2 )—, alkyl-NHS(O 2 )—, (alkyl) 2 NS(O 2 )-aryl-NHS(O 2 )—, alkyl-(aryl)-NS(O 2 )—, (aryl) 2 NS(O) 2 , heteroaryl-NHS(O 2 )—, (aryl-alkyl)-NHS(O 2 )—, or (heteroaryl-alkyl)-NHS(O 2 )—.
- silicon nitride powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and ⁇ -type content of 92 wt %
- aluminum nitride powder having a specific surface area of 3.3 square meters per gram (m 2 /g)
- calcium nitride powder As raw material powder, the following materials were used: silicon nitride powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m and ⁇ -type content of 92 wt %; aluminum nitride powder having a specific surface area of 3.3 square meters per gram (m 2 /g); calcium nitride powder; and europium nitride synthesized by nitrogenation of europium metal in ammonia.
- the silicon nitride powder, the aluminum nitride powder, the calcium nitride powder, and the europium nitride powder were weighed in amounts of 33.8578 wt %, 29.6814 wt %, 35.4993 wt %, and 0.96147 wt %, respectively, and mixed by using an agate pestle and mortar for 30 minutes.
- the resultant mixed powder was then allowed to fall freely via a 500 ⁇ m sieves into a crucible made of boron nitride, thereby filling the crucible with the mixed powder.
- a volumetric density of the mixed powder was about 25%.
- the weighing, mixing, and molding of powder were all performed in a glove box under a nitrogen atmosphere with 1 parts per million (ppm) or less of humidity and 1 ppm or less of oxygen present.
- the mixed powder in the boron nitride crucible was transferred into a graphite resistance heating type electric furnace.
- a calcining process was performed on the mixed powder as follows: a calcining atmosphere was changed into a vacuum condition by using a diffusion pump, and the mixed powder was heated from room temperature to 800° C. at a heating rate of 500° C. per hour. Subsequently, at a temperature of 800° C., 99.999 percent by volume (vol %) nitrogen was introduced thereto to adjust the pressure to 1 megaPascal (MPa). The mixed powder was then heated up to a temperature of 1,800° C. at a heating rate of 500° C. per hour, and maintained at a temperature of 1800° C. for 2 hours.
- MPa megaPascal
- a crystalline phase formed in the powder synthesized as above was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. It was confirmed that CaAlSiN 3 crystal was formed. Fluorescent characteristics of the obtained fluorescent substance were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000 of Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation). The obtained fluorescent substance had an exciting-light peak wavelength of 465 nm, and an emission-light peak wavelength of 652 nm (red light). Accordingly, it was confirmed that the obtained fluorescent substance was a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance.
- the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance was coarsely crushed, and then milled by using an agate pestle and mortar. The milled particles were allowed to pass through a 30 ⁇ m sieves, thereby obtaining visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-1) having an average particle diameter of 12 ⁇ m.
- the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-1) was milled with a fine crusher (LMZ015, Ashizawa Finetech Ltd., Japan) to obtain a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-2) in the form of fine powder having an average particle diameter of 305 nm. Fluorescent characteristics of the fluorescent substance (A-2) were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan). It was confirmed that the fluorescent substance (A-2) had an exciting-light peak wavelength of 445 nm and an emission-light peak wavelength of 635 nm (red light).
- silicon nitride powder having an average particle diameter of 0.5 ⁇ m, an oxygen content of 0.93 wt %, and an ⁇ -type content of 92 wt %, strontium nitride powder, and europium nitride powder were weighed in amounts of 54.34 wt %, 45.08 wt % and 0.58 wt %, respectively. These powders were subsequently mixed, dried, and calcined in the same manner as in the Preparation Example 1-1. The obtained calcination product was coarsely crushed, and then manually milled with a mortar made of a silicon nitride sintered product. The milled calcination product was then allowed to pass through a 30 ⁇ m sieves. A particle diameter distribution of the obtained powder was measured, and it was confirmed that an average particle diameter thereof was found to be 10 ⁇ m.
- a crystalline phase of the synthesized powder was analyzed by powder X-ray diffraction. It was confirmed that a Sr 2 Si 5 N 8 crystal was formed. Fluorescent characteristics of the obtained fluorescent substance were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan). It was confirmed that the obtained fluorescent substance had an exciting-light peak wavelength of 450 nm, and an emission-light peak wavelength of 640 nm (red light).
- the synthesized compound was a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-3).
- the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-3) was milled by using a fine crusher (Japan, Ashizawa Finetech Ltd., LMZ015) to obtain a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-4) in the form of fine powder having an average particle diameter of 320 nm. Fluorescent characteristics of the obtained fluorescent substance were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan). It was confirmed that the obtained fluorescent substance had an exciting-light peak wavelength of 438 nm, and an emission-light peak wavelength of 633 nm (red light).
- the obtained fluorescent substance was coarsely crushed, and then manually milled by using a mortar made of a silicon nitride sintered product.
- the milled fluorescent substance was allowed to pass through a 30 ⁇ m sieves, thereby obtaining a visible light-excitable oxide fluorescent substance (A-5).
- a particle diameter distribution of the fluorescent substance was measured, and its average particle diameter was found to be 10 ⁇ m.
- the visible light-excitable oxide fluorescent substance (A-5) was milled by using a fine crusher (LMZ015, Ashizawa Finetech Ltd., Japan) to obtain a visible light-excitable oxide fluorescent substance (A-6) in the form of fine powder having an average particle diameter of 290 nm.
- the obtained visible light-excitable oxide fluorescent substance was white in color.
- the fluorescent characteristics of the fluorescent substance were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan), and it was confirmed that its original fluorescent characteristics were not present.
- the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-1) was milled by using a Fine crusher (LMZ015, Ashizawa Finetech Ltd., Japan) in the same manner as the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-2).
- a milling time was controlled to obtain a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-7) in the form of fine powder having an average particle diameter of 110 nm.
- Fluorescent characteristics of the obtained fluorescent substance were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan). It was confirmed that the fluorescent substance had an exciting-light peak wavelength of 445 nm and an emission light peak wavelength of 630 nm (red light).
- the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-1) was milled by using a Fine crusher (LMZ015, Ashizawa Finetech Ltd., Japan) in the same manner as the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-2).
- a milling time was controlled to obtain a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-8) in the form of fine powder having an average particle diameter of 395 nm.
- Fluorescent characteristics of the obtained fluorescent substance were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan). It was confirmed that the obtained fluorescent substance had an exciting-light peak wavelength of 445 nm, and an emission light peak wavelength of 637 nm (red light).
- the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-1) was milled by using a Fine crusher (LMZ015, Ashizawa Finetech Ltd., Japan) in the same manner as the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-2).
- the milling time was controlled to obtain a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-9) in the form of fine powder having an average particle diameter of 40 nm.
- the obtained visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance was white in color.
- the fluorescent characteristics of the fluorescent substance were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan), and it was confirmed that its original fluorescent characteristics were not shown.
- the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-1) was milled by using a Fine crusher (LMZ015, Ashizawa Finetech Ltd., Japan) in the same manner as the visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-2).
- the milling time was controlled to obtain a visible light-excitable nitride fluorescent substance (A-10) in the form of fine powder having an average particle diameter of 590 nm.
- Fluorescent characteristics of the obtained fluorescent substance were measured by using a fluorescence spectrophotometer (F-7000, Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Japan). It was confirmed that the fluorescent substance had an exciting-light peak wavelength of 445 nm and an emission light peak wavelength of 640 nm (red light).
- a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the crystalline polyester (b) was measured by gel permeation chromatography (USA, Waters Corporation) (using polystyrene standards), and was found to be 30,000.
- a melting point (Tm) of the crystalline polyester (b) was measured by differential scanning calorimetry (EXSTAR DSC6220, Seiko Instruments Inc, Japan). As a result, a distinguishable endothermic peak was obtained at a temperature of 66° C.
- a composition including 90 parts by weight of the crystalline polyester (b), 1.8 parts by weight of an ionic surfactant neogen RK (NeogenRK, Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Japan), and 210 parts by weight of ion exchanged water was heated to 100° C., and thoroughly dispersed by a subsequent use of a homogenizer (Japan, IKA Company, Ultra Turrax T-50), a high pressure gaulin homogenizer for 1 hour, thereby obtaining a crystalline polyester dispersion (B) having an average particle diameter of 130 nm and a solid content of 30 wt %.
- a reaction mixture containing 80 mole percent (mol %) of terephthalic acid, 20 mol % of isophthalic acid, 90 mol % of a bisphenol-A propylene oxide 2 mol adduct, and 10 mol % of ethylene glycol was loaded into a 5-liter flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen-introduction tube, a thermometer, and a rectifying column.
- the reaction mixture was heated at 190° C. for 1 hour. After the heating ceased, 1.2 parts by weight of dibutyl tin oxide was added to the homogeneous mixture. While newly generated water was removed by distillation, the temperature of the reactant was raised from 190° C. to 240° C. for 6 hours. Subsequently, the dehydration condensation was performed at a temperature of 240° C. for 5 hours to obtain a non-crystalline polyester (C-1) having an acid value of 10.0 mgKOH/g and a weight average molecular weight of 8,500.
- the obtained non-crystalline polyester (C-1) was melted and transferred into Cavitron CD-1010 (EUROTEC LIMITED, Japan), which is a dispersing machine, at a speed of 100 grams per minute (g/min).
- Cavitron CD-1010 EUROPAN LIMITED, Japan
- 0.37 wt % diluted aqueous ammonia solution prepared by diluting reagent ammonia in water by using ion exchanged water was loaded into a separate aqueous medium tank.
- the diluted ammonia in water was heated to a temperature of 120° C. by using a heat exchanger.
- the dilute ammonia in water was transferred to Cavitron CD-1010, together with a molten product of the non-crystalline polyester (C-1), at a speed of 0.1 liter per minute (I/min).
- Cavitron CD-1010 was operated in such a way that a rotator rotates at a rotation speed of 60 Hertz (Hz) under the pressure of 5 kilograms per square centimeter (kg/cm 2 ), thereby obtaining a non-crystalline polyester dispersion (C-1) having a solid content of 30 wt % in which the non-crystalline polyester (C-1) having an average particle diameter of 0.12 ⁇ m was dispersed.
- a reactant including 100 mol of terephthalic acid, 90 mol of a bisphenol-A ethylene oxide 2 mol adduct, and 10 mol of cyclohexane dimethanol was loaded into a 5-liter flask equipped with a stirrer, a nitrogen-introduction tube, a thermometer, and a rectifying column.
- the temperature of the reactant was raised to 190° C. over 1 hour.
- 1.2 parts by weight of dibutyl tin oxide was added thereto.
- the temperature of the reactant was raised from 190° C. to 240° C. for 6 hours.
- the dehydration condensation was performed at a temperature of 240° C. for 3 hours to obtain a non-crystalline polyester (C-2) having an acid value of 9.0 mgKOH/g and a weight average molecular weight of 9,000.
- the obtained non-crystalline polyester (C-2) was molten, and then, transferred into Cavitron CD-1010 at a speed of 100 grams per minute.
- 0.37 wt % dilute ammonia in water prepared by diluting reagent ammonia in water by using ion exchanged water was loaded into a separate aqueous medium tank.
- the dilute ammonia in water was heated to a temperature of 120° C. by using a heat exchanger.
- the dilute ammonia in water was transferred to Cavitron CD-1010, together with a molten product of the non-crystalline polyester (C-2), at a speed of 0.1 liters per minute.
- Cavitron CD-1010 was operated in such a way that a rotator rotates at a rotation speed of 60 Hz under the pressure of 5 kg/cm 2 , thereby obtaining a non-crystalline polyester dispersion (C-2) having a solid content of 30 wt % in which the non-crystalline polyester (C-2) having an average particle diameter of 0.20 ⁇ m was dispersed.
- a mixture including 45 parts by weight of magenta colorant (C.I. pigment red 122), 5 parts by weight of ionic surfactant NeogenRK (Dai-ichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., Japan), and 200 parts by weight of ion exchange water was dispersed by using a homogenizer (Japan, IKA Company, Ultra Turrax T-50) for 10 minutes to obtain a colorant dispersion (D-1) having an average particle diameter of 168 nm and a solid content of 23.0 wt %.
- a colorant dispersion (D-2) was prepared in the same manner as the colorant dispersion (D-1), except that C.I. pigment red 269 was used as a magenta colorant.
- Colorant dispersions (D-3) to (D-18) were prepared in the same manner the colorant dispersion (D-1), except that magenta colorants had corresponding compositions shown in Table 1.
- the colorant dispersions (D-5), (D-7), (D-9) and (D-18) were in a non-homogeneous state in which a fluorescent substance colorant was precipitated and settled.
- Pigment colorant colorant Fluorescent substance colorant (parts by weight) (parts by weight) dispersion A-1 A-2 A-3 A-4 A-5 A-6 A-7 A-8 A-9 A-10 PR122 PR269 D-1 45.0 D-2 45.0 D-3 22.5 22.5 D-4 22.5 22.5 D-5 22.5 22.5 D-6 22.5 22.5 D-7 22.5 22.5 D-8 22.5 22.5 D-9 22.5 22.5 D-10 22.5 22.5 D-11 1.2 43.8 D-12 4.5 41.5 D-13 31.5 13.5 D-14 36.0 9.0 D-15 22.5 22.5 D-16 22.5 22.5 D-17 22.5 22.5 D-18 22.5 22.5
- a mixture including the solution for forming a polymer coating layer and 100 parts by weight of Ferrite (a weight average particle diameter of 35 ⁇ m) was stirred at a temperature of 60° C. under reduced pressure for 20 minutes by using a vacuum degassing kneader to form a polymer coating layer on Ferrite, thereby obtaining a carrier (F).
- the obtained solid content was vacuum dried for 12 hours to obtain toner base particles.
- a particle diameter of the toner base particle was measured by using Coulter-counter (Beckman Coulter Inc., USA). It was confirmed that a volume average particle diameter D50 was 5.9 ⁇ m, and that a particle diameter distribution coefficient GSD (geometric standard deviation) was 1.24.
- an externally added toner was prepared as follows. 100 parts by weight of the toner base particle, 1.0 part by weight of Rutile type titanium oxide (a volume average particle diameter of 20 nm, treated with n-decyl trimethoxy silane), 2.0 parts by weight of silica (prepared by vapor oxidization, a volume average particle diameter of 40 nm, treated with silicon oil), and 0.5 parts by weight of a higher alcohol milling product (a volume average particle diameter of 8 ⁇ m) were mixed by using a 5 liter Henschel mixer (NIPPON COKE & ENGINEERING CO., LTD, Japan) at a circumferential speed of 30 meters per second (m/s) for 15 minutes. Then, from the mixture, coarse particles were removed by using a 45 ⁇ m sieves, thereby completing the preparation of an externally added toner.
- Rutile type titanium oxide a volume average particle diameter of 20 nm, treated with n-decyl trimethoxy silane
- silica prepared by
- Measurement was performed indoors at a temperature of 25° C. and in a relative humidity of 60%.
- a magenta developer, and a magenta toner cartridge of Docu Centre Color 400CP manufactured by US Xerox, previously existing magenta toner was thoroughly removed.
- the magenta toner cartridge was subsequently cleaned.
- the magenta toner cartridge was then filled with the magenta toner prepared as described above.
- the magenta developer and the magenta toner cartridge were mounted on the Docu Centre Color 400CP.
- a 3 centimeter (cm) ⁇ 2 cm-size magenta 100% single color image was printed on an OK topcoat paper (OK Top Coat Paper, Oji Paper Co., Ltd., Japan) in a toner amount of 3.0 grams per square meter (g/m 2 ).
- a color space value (L*a*b*) and a visible-light absorption spectrum (a measurement wavelength range of about 400 nm to about 700 nm) of the obtained magenta single-color image were measured by using CM-3610A (Konica Minolta Inc., Japan).
- a reported color space value was an average value of values measured at 10 sites randomly selected in the magenta single-color image.
- ⁇ E brightness difference
- ⁇ C* chroma difference
- ⁇ h hue difference
- Chroma excellent ( ⁇ C* is 5 or more); good ( ⁇ C* is equal to or greater than 0 and less than 5); bad ( ⁇ C* is less than 0),
- Hue excellent ( ⁇ h is equal to or greater than ⁇ 3° and equal to or less than 3°); bad ( ⁇ h is less than ⁇ 3° or greater than 3°).
- ⁇ E, ⁇ C* and ⁇ h were obtained from the magenta toners which were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the colorant dispersions shown in Table 2 were used. Results thereof are shown in Table 2.
- ⁇ E, ⁇ C* and ⁇ h were obtained from the magenta toners which were prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the colorant dispersions shown in Table 2 were used. Results thereof are shown in Table 2.
- FIG. 1 shows visible absorption spectra of Example 1, Comparative Example 1, and Comparative Example 3.
- Example 1 D-4 12.0 11.8 ⁇ 2.8 101.5 Comparative D-1 8.7 9.1 ⁇ 11.9 82.6
- Example 1 Comparative D-2 3.9 3.7 0.7 101.2
- Example 2 Comparative D-3 3.4 3.4 0.1 —
- Example 3 Comparative D-5 Due to too large a particle diameter of fluorescent substance colorant, Example 4 homogeneous toner base particles were not able to be obtained. The subsequent process and evaluation were stopped.
- Example 2 D-6 8.7 7.6 ⁇ 1.9 98.5 Comparative D-7 Due to too large a particle diameter of fluorescent substance colorant, Example 5 homogeneous toner base particles were not able to be obtained.
- the present disclosure provides a magenta toner having improved tone, chroma and electrophotographic properties.
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US10139743B2 (en) | 2016-01-18 | 2018-11-27 | Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. | Toners for developing electrostatic images and production method thereof |
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JP7467973B2 (ja) * | 2020-02-17 | 2024-04-16 | 富士フイルムビジネスイノベーション株式会社 | 樹脂粒子 |
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