Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y5/00—Nanobiotechnology or nanomedicine, e.g. protein engineering or drug delivery
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/54—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an organic compound
  • A61K47/549—Sugars, nucleosides, nucleotides or nucleic acids
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
  • A61K47/50—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates
  • A61K47/51—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent
  • A61K47/68—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient the non-active ingredient being chemically bound to the active ingredient, e.g. polymer-drug conjugates the non-active ingredient being a modifying agent the modifying agent being an antibody, an immunoglobulin or a fragment thereof, e.g. an Fc-fragment
  • A61K47/6891—Pre-targeting systems involving an antibody for targeting specific cells
  • A61K47/6899—Antibody-Directed Enzyme Prodrug Therapy [ADEPT]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P35/00—Antineoplastic agents
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
  • A61P43/00—Drugs for specific purposes, not provided for in groups A61P1/00-A61P41/00

Definitions

• This invention refers to enzymatically cleavable prodrugs with reduced Michaelis-Menten constant (Km).
• a prodrug may be defined as a chemical which is non-toxic and pharmacodynamically inert, but which can be transformed in vivo to a pharmacologically active drug.
• the invention refers to the field of drug-targeting, which deals with site-specific delivery of drugs in vivo.
• Site-specific delivery preferably increases the selectivity of drugs and reduces their undesirable side effects.
• One potential approach to achieve a site-specific delivery consists in applying untoxic prodrugs which can be site-specifically activated to cytotoxic drugs using prelocalized prodrug cleaving catalysts like enzymes, muteins derived from enzymes, catalytic antibodies, antibody enzyme conjugates or fusion proteins.
• This approach combines the advantage of drug delivery via prodrugs (i.e. increased stability, adjusted solubility, improved route of administration, more favourable distribution, improved pharmacokinetics, by-passing resistance; T. A. Connors, Xenobiotica 16, 975-988, 1986) with the preferential tumour specific activation mediated by a catalytic principle.
• the use of exogenous enzymes or polyclonal antibody enzyme conjugates for prodrug activation was pioneered by Graffi (Deutsche Offenlegungsschrift 22 12 014), and Philpott et al. (J. Immunol. 111, 921, 1973).
• fusion proteins consisting of non-humanised binding moieties and xenogenic enzymes produced by recombinant DNA technology will be immunogenic in man as well with disadvantages comparable to monoclonal antibody enzyme conjugates, if repetitive applications are needed;
• fusion proteins consisting of humanised binding moieties and human enzymes will probably not be very immunogenic in man most probably allowing repetitive treatment cycles in man. Nevertheless, the two major disadvantages of human fusion proteins are the possibly lower turnover rate (Vmax) of the human enzyme moiety as well as the possibly higher prodrug (substrate) concentration needed to obtain significant catalysis in comparison to xenogenic enzymes having a high turnover rate and a low Michaelis-Menten constant (Km).
• W means a pharmacologically active substance
• Z stands for a self-immolative spacer or a bond
• S is a moiety such that the S--Z bond is enzymatically cleaved at an at least 2-fold lower Michaelis-Menten Constant compared to the natural enzyme substrate.
• the prodrugs of the invention have the common characteristic to be cleaved by enzymes at significantly lower molar prodrug concentration as the natural or standard substrates used for enzymatic analysis or appropriate state of the art prodrugs (WO 92/19639). They are therefore named Km-reduced prodrugs.
• the prodrugs of the invention have as another common characteristic a modified competitive enzyme activity inhibitor (S) as a crucial structural component which can be linked directly or via a spacer moiety (Z) to the pharmacologically active substance (W).
• S modified competitive enzyme activity inhibitor
• Z spacer moiety
• W pharmacologically active substance
• the spacer is self-immolative generating the pharmacologically active substance after enzymatic cleavage of the S--Z bond.
• a self-immolative spacer is defined as a moiety which is bound through two bonds to two molecules and which eliminates itself from the second molecule if the bond to the first molecule is cleaved.
• the preferred Km-reduced prodrugs are substrates for human glycosidases and have the general formula II: ##STR1## wherein R may be independent from each other H, OH, F, NH 2 , COOH, CH 2 --COOH, CHOH--COOH, PO 3 H 2 , CH 2 --PO 3 H 2 or CHOH--PO 3 H 2 ,
• X may be NH, O or S,
• n 0 or 1
• Z stands for a self-immolative spacer or a bond
• W means a pharmacologically active substance.
• ⁇ -D-glucuronide-Z-anthracyclin compounds ##STR2##
• Km-reduced prodrugs which are substrates for ⁇ -glucuronidase and have the general formula III: ##STR3## wherein Y may be COOH, CH 2 --COOH, CHOH--COOH, PO 3 H 2 , CH 2 PO 3 H 2 or CHOH--PO 3 H 2 ,
• X may be NH, O or S,
• R may be independent from each other F, NH 2 , H or OH,
• n 0 or 1
• Z stands for a bond or a self-immolative spacer preferentially a moiety with the formula
• V is an aromate or a hetero aromate or an aliphate with conjugated double bonds or an amino acid residue which cycles after cleavage of the glycosyl residue, preferentially with 5-20 carbon atoms and 0-4 hereto atoms, wherein hetero atom means N, O or S, substituted with
• R being independently from each other H, methyl, methoxy, carboxy, methyloxycarbonyl, CN, hydroxy, nitro, fluor, chlor, brom, sulfonyl, sulfonamid or sulfon (C 1-4 )-alkylamid and
• n an integer of 0 to 25, preferentially 1 or 2
• W means a pharmacologically active substance preferentially an anthracycline such as doxorubicin, 4'-epi-doxorubicin, 4- or 4'-desoxy-doxorubicin, or an etoposide, N-bis-(2-chlorethyl)-4-hydroxyaniline, 4-hydroxycyclophosphamide, vindesine, vinblastine, vincristine, terfenadine, terbutaline, fenoterol, salbutamol, muscarine, oxyphenbutazone, salicylic acid, p-aminosalicylic acid, 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluorocytidine, 5-fluorouridine, methotrexate, diclofenac, flufenamicacid, 4-methylaminophenazone, theophylline, nifedipine, mitomycine C, mitoxantrone, camptothecine, m-AMSA, taxol, nocodax
• Enzyme in this application may also mean a catalytic antibody.
• the compounds described herein can be prepared by prior art methods.
• Prodrug A (example 1) may be looked upon as derived from the competitive ⁇ -glucuronidase inhibitor saccharolactone: ##STR5##
• Prodrug A, B, C ##STR6##
• Prodrug A: R CHOH--COOH
• Prodrug B: R CH 2 --COOH
• 3,6-Glucarolactone (Compound 5) (45 g) was slowly added to a cooled (0°-5° C.) mixture of dry pyridine (225 ml) and Ac 2 O (185 ml). The internal temperature was maintained at 5° C. during the addition and after all the lactone has been dissolved, the reaction mixture was allowed to be stirred for additional 2 hours. The colourless solution was then poured into 3 liters of a mixture of water and crushed ice and vigorously stirred for approximately 3 hours. The precipitate was collected and washed with water, and after drying a solid was isolated which contains 70 g of a mixture of ⁇ and ⁇ tri-O-acetyl-glucuronolactone (compound 7). This mixture was directly used for the next step.
• Titanium bromide (16.6 g, 45 mmol) as added to a stirred solution of compound 7 (70 g, 23.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 ml) maintained in the dark and under nitrogen atmosphere. After stirring overnight, additional TiBr 4 was added (8.3, 22 mmol). After 24 additional hours, the reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (150 ml) and the organic solution poured into crushed ice water. The organic layer was separated, washed with water, dried and evaporated under reduced pressure. This gave compound 8 (65 g) pure enough for the next step.
• Prodrug A was prepared from compound 3a and doxorubicin (yield 83%) followed by treatment with sodium methoxide in methanol and then sodium hydroxide.
• Prodrug D was synthesized analogously as described in WO 92/19639.
• Km- and Vmax-determination 3'-N-[4-(beta-D-Glucuronyloxy)-3-nitro-benzyloxycarbonyl]-doxorubicin and prodrug A should be diluted in the range of 10-10000 ⁇ M in 100 mM phosphate buffer+1 mg/ml BSA, pH 7.2. Enzymatic cleavage should be done with constant amounts of fusion protein at 37° C. Cleavage can be monitored by HPLC analysis. Km- and Vmax-values can be calculated with the software program GraFit 2.0 (Erithacus Software Ltd.).
• the HPLC apparatus consisted of an autosampler (Abimed, model 231), an automatic sample extraction system (AASP, Varian) equipped with minicartridges containing C 18 reversed phase silica gel (Analytichem), a gradient pump (Gynkotek, model 480), a fluorescence detector (Shimazdu RF 535, Excitation: 495 nm, Emission: 560 nm). Before sample injection the minicartridges were preconditioned with 2.5 ml methanol and 1.5 ml phosphate buffer, pH 6. Analytes retained on the reversed phase silica gel were then eluted by valve switching and connection of the minicartridges to the mobile phase.
• AASP automatic sample extraction system
• Prodrug A can be encapsulated according to D. Papahadjopoulos et al. (PNAS, U.S.A. 88:11460-11464, 1991) into stealth liposomes. After i.v. injection into CD1 nu/nu mice the plasma clearance of Prodrug A encapsulated into stealth liposomes should be prolonged from ⁇ 20 min for the free Prodrug A to ⁇ 40 hrs for the encapsulated Prodrug A. The significant t1/2 ⁇ prolongation leads to improved pharmacological efficacy.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=8213248

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (13)

Cited By (127)

Families Citing this family (16)

Citations (7)

• 1993
  • 1993-09-09 EP EP93114475A patent/EP0647450A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
• 1994
  • 1994-08-26 ES ES94113388T patent/ES2167343T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-26 AT AT94113388T patent/ATE208213T1/de active
  • 1994-08-26 EP EP94113388A patent/EP0642799B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-26 PT PT94113388T patent/PT642799E/pt unknown
  • 1994-08-26 DE DE69428957T patent/DE69428957T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-08-26 DK DK94113388T patent/DK0642799T3/da active
  • 1994-09-07 AU AU71699/94A patent/AU678494B2/en not_active Expired
  • 1994-09-08 ZA ZA946920A patent/ZA946920B/xx unknown
  • 1994-09-08 JP JP21459794A patent/JP3773120B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-09-08 KR KR1019940022573A patent/KR100385830B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-09-08 CA CA002131662A patent/CA2131662C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1994-09-08 NO NO19943319A patent/NO313126B1/no not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 1994-09-09 US US08/302,459 patent/US5621002A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (8)

Non-Patent Citations (16)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events