NL8102208A - Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vormen van vezelvliezen. - Google Patents
Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vormen van vezelvliezen. Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/87—Cooling
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/345—Extrusion nozzles comprising two or more adjacently arranged ports, for simultaneously extruding multiple strands, e.g. for pelletising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/731—Filamentary material, i.e. comprised of a single element, e.g. filaments, strands, threads, fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2555/00—Personal care
- B32B2555/02—Diapers or napkins
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Description
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Werkwijze en inrichting voor het vormen van vezelvliezen.
De vervaardiging van vezelvliezen is gerijpt tot een aanzienlijke industrie. Een grote verscheidenheid van werkwijzen voor het maken van dergelijke vliezen is ontwikkeld, zich uitstrekkende van papier maken tot het spinnen van polymeren met luchtpistolen of mecha-^ nisch trekken. Een grote verscheidenheid van toepassingen is eveneens ontwikkeld voor dergelijke vliezen, omvattende 1) produkten voor eenmalig gebruik, zoals chirurgische doeken, 2) produkten voor veelmalig gebruik, zoals droogdoeken, 3) duurzame stoffen voor de vervaardiging van tapijtstof en dergelijke en 4) onderdelen in produkten voor eenma-^ lig gebruik, zoals luiers en maandverband. De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een werkwijze en een inrichting voor het vormen van vezelvliezen, in het bijzonder vliezen met een basisgewicht, dat in het alge- 2 meen in het bereik ligt van 3,5 tot 350 g/m door het spinnen van thermoplastische polymeren. Dergelijke vliezen vinden toepassing bij de 15 vervaardiging van produkten voor eenmalig gebruik, zoals luiervoeringen en wikkels voor maandverband. In de zwaardere basisgewichten kunnen de vliezen zelfs worden gebruikt voor zwaardere eisen stellende toepassingen, zoals tapijtonderlaag, tentdoek en dergelijke.
In het algemeen heeft de uitvinding betrekking op vezelvliezen, 20 gevormd door het spinnen van vezels van thermoplastische polymeren, het aërodynamisch trekken daarvan tot een gewenste tex en het verzamelen van de vezels op een poreus op een overlappende wijze voor het vormen van een vlies, dat na hechten een materiaal verschaft, dat voor vele toepassingen voldoende sterkte heeft en dat verder kan worden behan-25 deld voor aanvullende toepassingen. Meer in het bijzonder is de uit- 8102208 \ 2 * r vinding gericht op een werkwijze en een inrichting, waarmee vezelvlie-zen worden gemaakt door het vormen van een rij of van rijen vezels, die zich over de gehele machinebreedte uitstrekken, en het in een over de gehele machinebreedte zich uitstrekkend mondstuk trekken van de 5 vezels.
Het is algemeen bekend vezelvliezen te produceren van thermoplastische materialen door het extruderen van het thermoplastische materiaal door een spindop en het tot vezels trekken van het geëxtru-deerde materiaal door afvoering voor het vormen van een vezelvlies op 10 een verzameloppervlak.
Afvoerend trekken vindt plaats wanneer afzonderlijke stralen worden gevormd, die een omringend fluïdum volgens een turbulente stroming meenemen. In het algemeen vereisen afvoerorganen afzonderlijke fluïdumbronnen, gewoonlijk lucht, en produceren zij het trekken door 15 kinetische energie. Het Amerikaanse octrooischrift 3.692.618 bijvoorbeeld beschrijft een dergelijke werkwijze en een inrichting voor het uitvoeren daarvan, waarbij een aantal afvoerpistolen wordt toegepast, door welke pistolen vezelbundels worden getrokken door lucht met een zeer hoge snelheid, hetgeen een hoge drukbron vereist. Een poging wordt 20 dan gemaakt de bundels uit te spreiden of heen en weer te bewegen voor het verschaffen van overlappende lussen in een vlies, dat dan kan worden gebonden en gebruikt in toepassingen voor vezelvliezen. Nadelen van deze werkwijze en inrichting omvatten: 1) de noodzaak voor een hoge druk luchtbron, 25 2) het af voeren van lucht onder een lage druk veroorzaakt sterk turbulente stromen en derhalve het in elkaar draaien van vezels, 3) de moeilijkheid van het door alle afvoerorganen laten produceren van vezels met dezelfde eigenschappen, 30 4) het verstopt raken van de afvoerorganen door gebroken vezels, en 5) onregelmatige basisgewichtprofielen als gevolg van slecht uitspreiden van bundels of schommelingen in de mate van ve zelverwarring.
35 Het Britse octrooischrift 1.285.381 beschrijft een soortge- 8102208 > % 4 3 lijke werkwijze en inrichting, waarbij hoewel een trekkamer over de gehele machinebreedte wordt gebruikt, uitlaatmondstukken worden toegepast, die onderhevig zijn aan dezelfde moeilijkheden van verstopping, het opnieuw doorsteken en het turbulent mengen, ondervonden met 5 de pistolen van het eerder beschreven octrooischrift. Dit Britse oc-trooischrift openbaart eveneens een zonder afvoer werkende inrichting, voorzien van een uit segmenten bestaande gedaante. Het Amerikaanse otrooischrift 3.802.817 beschrijft eveneens een afvoerorgaan over de gehele breedte, en een werkwijze, die onder vermijding van de uitlaat-10 mondstukplaat volgens het Britse octrooischrift 1.285.381, toch hoge drukken vereist en voor praktische werking is beperkt tot lagere snelheden. Het Amerikaanse octrooischrift 4.064.605 beschrijft eveneens een inrichting, waarbij een luchtstroom wordt toegepast in de vorm van een luchtstraal met een hoge snelheid.
15 De uitvinding heeft betrekking op een zonder afvoer werkzame trekwerkwijze en -inrichting voor het spinnen van thermoplastische polymeervezels. De besproken bekende inrichtingen omvatten afvoeror-ganen voor het trekken van vezels. Deze organen geven onvermijdelijk een sterkte turbulentie en wervelvorming, hetgeen neigt tot het in 20 elkaar verward doen raken van de vezels, waardoor de gelijkblijvendheid van de gemaakte produkten is beperkt. Verder omvatten de bekende inrichtingen kleine afvoerkeelopeningen, die lijden aan tekortkomingen zoals het herhaaldelijk verstopt raken. Deze inrichtingen vereisen tevens twee luchtbronnen en twee stellen bijbehorende uitrusting, 25 waarbij een bron met gekoelde lucht onder een lage druk wordt gebruikt voor het snel afkoelen van de gesmolten vezels tot de gestolde toestand, en de andere luchtbron onder hoge druk nodig is voor het produceren van lucht met een hoge snelheid voor het trekken van vezels, welke lucht met een hoge snelheid hoge geluidhoogtes geeft wanneer het de 30 vezels trekt.
In tegenstelling hiermee omvatten de onderhavige werkwijze en inrichting een eerste kamer voor het snel afkoelen, en de toepassing van een ononderbroken smal mondstuk over de gehele machinebreedte, hetgeen een recht vlak met vezels produceert in de mondstukdoorsnede, 35 voorzien vein een in hoofdzaak gelijkblijvende vezelverdeling over de 8102208 • r "· 4 machinebreedte, en een goede regeling verschaft van de regelmatigheid in de machinebreedte. Lucht wordt niet afgevoerd in deze inrichting aangezien de lucht voor het sne]/afkoelen een regelmatige versnelling ondergaat in het mondstuk, waar de trekkracht wordt ontwikkeld, zodat 5 turbulentie en zijn gevolgen minimaal zijn. Dezelfde lucht wordt voor twee doeleinden gebruikt, te weten eerste voor het snel afkoelen van de vezels en het dan trekken daarvan wanneer de lucht door het trekmond-stuk met hoge snelheid naar buiten stroomt. Dit dubbele gebruik van de lucht vermindert de gebruikskosten en de vereiste kapitaalsinvestering 10 in de uitrusting voor het behandelen van de lucht en leidingen. Door het kiezen van een passende mondstuklengte, kan de benodigde trek-spanning worden verkregen met een luchtsnelheid in het mondstuk van slechts ongeveer 1,5 tot 4 maal de vezelsnelheid. In dergelijke gevallen kan bijvoorbeeld een luchtsnelheid worden gebruikt van 9,2 meter 15 per seconde voor het produceren van een vezelsnelheid van 5,2 meter per seconde, hetgeen een overdruk vereist van slechts 4,5 kPa voor een mondstukopening van 9,5 mm (voorbeeld nr. 6 in de volgende tabel).
3
In dat geval is de luchtbehoefte bijvoorbeeld slechts ongeveer 1,2 m per minuut per 2,5 cm machinebreedte voor het trekken van vezels. Het 20 koelen van de vezels wordt geregeld door het regelen van de temperatuur van de lucht voor het snel afkoelen en het regelen van de stromingssnelheid van de lucht langs de vezels naar een uitlaatpoort nabij de bovenkant van de kamer voor het snel afkoelen. De hoeveelheid lucht voor het snel afkoelen, die uit de leiding komt, is belangrijk voor de 25 werking van de werkwijze, zodat deze stromingssnelheid bij voorkeur scherp wordt bewaakt en geregeld. Indien een te hoge uitlaatstroming aanwezig is, doet de snelheid van de lucht door de vezelbundel de vezels fladderen en aan elkaar hechten, waardoor vezelbreuk wordt veroorzaakt. De vezels worden dan tevens te snel gekoeld, waarbij 30 broze vezels met een grote tex worden geproduceerd. Bij te weinig afvoer, worden de vezels niet volledig snel afgekoeld wanneer zij het trekmondstuk binnengaan, waardoor de mogelijkheid van het hechten aan de mondstukoppervlakken wordt vergroot.
Voor het bereiken van de voordelen van de uitvinding is het 35 essentieel, dat de inrichting is geconstrueerd en de werkwijze wordt 8102208 5 *? Λ uitgevoerd binnen bepaalde parameterbereiken. De lucht voor het snel afkoelen moet bijvoorbeeld op een temperatuur worden gehouden in het bereik van 4,4°C tot 54,4°C. De luchtstromingssnelheid moet in het 3 bereik worden gehouden van 0,56 tot 2,24 m per minuut per 2,5 cm ma- 5 chinebreedte, en de mondstukopening in het bereik van 3,2 tot 25,4 mm.
Zoals hiervoor aangegeven, is de uitlaatstromingssnelheid van belang voor het bereiken van de gewenste vezeleigenschappen, en ligt deze in 3 het algemeen in het bereik van nagenoeg 0 tot 0,39 m per minuut per 2,5 cm machinebreedte.
10 De lengte van de kamer voor het snel afkoelen en de lengte van het trekmondstuk zijn natuurlijk afhankelijk van het materiaal, dat wordt gesponnen, en de bepaalde gewenste vlieseigenschappen. Dienovereenkomstig kunnen deze parameters sterk veranderlijk zijn, waarbij zij echter in het algemeen in het bereik vallen van 125 cm tot 200 cm, 15 bij voorkeur althans 60 cm voor de lengte van het gebied voor het snel afkoelen, en ongeveer 25 cm tot 100 cm voor de lengte van het trek-mondstuk. Op soortgelijke wijze kunnen de capillairen van de spindop in vele gedaanten zijn, waarbij zij echter in het algemeen worden ge- 2 bruikt in het bereik van 0,48 tot 6,4 per cm in een regelmatige cp-20 stelling. Zoals uit het voorgaande duidelijk is, zijn de onderhavige werkwijze en inrichting uiterst veelzijdig en kunnen zij worden veranderd voor het aanpassen aan een grote verscheidenheid van materialen en werkomstandigen. Dit is een bijzonder voor-deel en kenmerk van de uitvinding.
25 De uitvinding wordt nader toegelicht aan de hand van de tekening, waarin: fig. 1 een gegeneraliseerd stroomschema toont van de werkwijze, fig. 2 schematisch een ruimtelijk aanzicht toont van een 30 doorsnede van de inrichting, en de fig. 3 en 4 doorsneden zijn, die gedetailleerder het vormen en neerleggen van vezels weergeven.
Aan de hand van fig. 1 wordt eerste de werkwijze verder beschreven. Zoals is weergegeven bestaat de eerste stap uit het verschaffen 35 van een thermoplastische polymeer in vloeibare toestand voor het spinnen.
8102208 6
De veelzijdigheid van de werkwijze maakt het mogelijk een grote verscheidenheid van polymeren te verwerken. Een van de volgende polymeren kan bijvoorbeeld worden toegepast: polyamide, polyester, polyalkeen, polyvinylacetaat, polyvinylchloride, polyvinylalcohol, celluloseace-5 taat, viscose en dergelijke. Het wordt natuurlijk beoogd ook andere spinbare materialen toe te passen, die gewoonlijk niet kunnen worden beschouwd als polymeer, zoals bijvoorbeeld gesmolten glas. Het is belangrijk, dat de materialen in voldoende mate vloeibaar kunnen worden gemaakt voor het spinnen en overigens de eigenschappen hebben, die 10 nodig zijn voor het ondergaan van het trekken in het vezeltrekgebied. Andere voorbeelden zijn duidelijk voor deskundigen op het gebied van polymeerverwerking.
De polymeer wordt vanaf een voorraad 10 toegevoerd aan een vultrechter 12, dan gevoerd door een extrusieinrichting 14, een filter 15 16 en een doseerpomp 17 naar een spinkast 18. Vezels 20 worden gespon nen door de spindop 22 met openingen, die in een of meer rijen zijn opgesteld en een gordijn van vezels 20 vormen, dat wordt geleid in de kamer 24 voor het snel afkoelen. In de kamer 24 worden de vezels 20 in aanraking gebracht met lucht of een ander koelfluidum door de lucht-20 inlaat 26, welke lucht koeler wordt gehouden dan de vezels, bij voorkeur rond de omgevingstemperaturen in bijvoorbeeld het bereik van 4,4° tot 54,4°C. Het fluïdum voor het snel afkoelen wordt onder een lage druk van minder dan 82,8 kPa gehouden, bij voorkeur minder dan 13,8 kPa, en een gedeelte wordt bij voorkeur door het vezelgordijn 20 25 geleid en als uitlaat verwijderd door een poort 28. Zoals hiervoor beschreven, is het gedeelte van de geleverde lucht, welk gedeelte als uitlaat wordt af gevoerd, afhankelijk van de polymeer, die wordt ge- . . bruikt, en van de snelheid van afkoelen,nodig voor het geven van de gewenste vezeleigenschappen, zoals tex, taaiheid en dergelijke. In het 30 algemeen is de verkregen vezeltex groter naar mate de hoeveelheid uitgelaten lucht groter is, en is omgekeerd de tex kleiner naar mate de hoeveelheid uitgelaten lucht kleiner is.
Wanneer het snel afkoelen voltooid is, wordt het vezelgordijn geleid door een geleidelijk smaller worden onderste einde 30 van de 35 kamer tot in het mondstuk 32, waar de lucht een snelheid bereikt van ') 81 0 2 2 0 8 ' *- 4 7 45 tot 240 meter per seconde. Het trekmondstük heeft de volledige machinebreedte en wordt bij voorkeur gevormd door een vaste w.and 34 en een beweegbaar wand 36/ die de breedte van de machine overspannen. Zoals meer in het bijzonder wordt beschreven met betrekking tot fig. 3, 5 kan de beweegbare wand worden teruggetrokken onder de koelluchtscher-men of bewogen naar de vaste wand. Gedurende het opstarten, is de wand volledig teruggetrokken, zodat de vezels door zwaartekracht door het wijd open mondstuk vallen. De lage snelheid van de binnenkomende koellucht wordt over het gehele wijd open mondstuk gehandhaafd, zodat 10 feitelijk weinig aërodynamisch trekken plaatsvindt. Wanneer de poly-meerstroom volledig tot stand is gebracht, wordt de beweegbare wand naar voren bewogen voor het verkleinen van de mondstukopening, het vergroten van de luchtsnelheid en het trekken van de vezels. Indien een belangrijke verstoring van de werking plaatsvindt en het trekmondstük 15 gedeeltelijk verstopt raakt met polymeer tijdens de werking, wordt de beweegbare wand tijdelijk teruggetrokken totdat de verstopping door het vergrote mondstuk valt. De wand wordt dan naar voren bewogen naar zijn gebruikelijke werkstand.
De stand van deze beweegbare wand bepaalt de trekmondstukope-20 ning en dus de snelheid van de lucht, die door het mondstuk gaat voor een bepaalde luchtstromingssnelheid en uitlaatinstelling. De vezel-trekkracht neemt toe wanneer de luchtsnelheid toeneemt, zodat de vezel-tex gemakkelijk kan worden veranderd door het eenvoudig vergroten of verkleinen van de afmeting van de mondstukopening. In het algemeen kan 25 de vezeltex worden vergroot door: 1) het vergroten van de mondstukopening, 2} het verminderen van de luchtstromingssnelheid door het mondstuk, 3) het vergroten van de uitlaatluchtstromingssnelheid, 30 4) het verlagen van de koelluchttemperatuur, 5) het verlagen van de polymeertemperatuur, 6) het vergroten van het moleculair gewicht van de polymeer, dat wil zeggen het verkleinen van de smeIstromingssnelheid, of 35 7) het vergroten van de polymserdoorvoer per capillair.
8102208 J, ' 8
De stappen 1) en 2) verkleinen de luchttrekkracht, de stappen 3) en 4) vergroten de polymeerkoelsnelheid, de stappen 5) en 6) vergroten de polymeerrekviscositeit en de stap 7) vergroot de te versnellen massa van de polymeer.
5 Voor polypropeen ligt de smelttemperatuur in het algemeen in het bereik van 208°C tot 320°C met een smeltindex (190°C, 2160 g) van de polymeer bij de spindop in het bereik van 17 tot 110. Met dergelijke materialen kan de polymeerdoorvoer in het bereik liggen van 2 18 tot 288 g per uur per cm spindopcapillairoppervlak. Onder deze 10 omstandigheden zijn bevredigende werkingen verkregen onder toepassing van een mondstukspleet in het bereik van 1,6 mm tot 25,4 mm.
De vezeltex kan dus betrekkelijk gemakkelijk en snel op verschillende manieren worden veranderd, hetgeen de verdeling van de vezels uit het mondstuk niet beïnvloedt, In alle gevallen overspant het 15 mondstuk de gehele breedte van de machine. Derhalve wordt een verdeling van vezels, in hoofdzaak gelijk aan de verdeling van doorstroomopeningen in de spinplaat over de machinebreedte gehandhaafd over de hele weg naar de uitlaat van het mondstuk.
Na het uit het mondstuk komen kunnen· de vezels worden verza-20 meld op een bewegend, van openingen voorzien oppervlak 38, zoals een zeef of doek zonder einde voor het vormen van een- vezelvlies 40. Door het kiezen van de mondstukqpening en de vormafstand, kan de af me tings-eigenschap van lusvorming van afzonderlijke vezels worden geregeld voor het verschaffen van een overlappen van afzonderlijke vezels. Dit 25 heeft een zekere mate van dooreen strengelen tot gevolg en voldoende volledigheid in het verkregen vlies voor het vergemakkelijken van een verder bewerken, zoals samendrukking bij de rolneep 40, binding bij de rolneep 42 en opwinden bij 44 van het samenhangende doek.
Thans worden aan de hand van de fig. 2 en 3 de kamer 24 voor 30 het snel afkoelen en het mondstukgebied 34 gedetailleerder beschreve.
De spindop 10 kan een gebruikelijk ontwerp hebben en zijn ingericht voor het verschaffen van het extruderen van vezels 20 met een afstand van 3,81 tot 14,22 mm en bij voorkeur 6,35 tot 7,62 mm in een of meer rijen met op onderling regelmatige afstanden liggende doorstroomope-35 ningen 46 over de gehele breedte van de machine tot in de kamer voor 8102208 9 het snel afkoelen. In een voorkeursuitvoeringsvorm is de hartlijn van de kamer voor het snel afkoelen verspringend ten opzichte van de hartlijn van de spindop voor het mogelijk maken van het"buigen" van de vezels wanneer het koelfluïdum daardoorheen gaat. De afmeting van de 5 kamer is gewoonlijk slechts voldoende groot voor het voorkomen van aanraking tussen de vezels en de zijden, en voor het verkrijgen van een voldoende vezeIkoeling. Direct na extrusie door de doorstroomope-ningen, vindt een versnelling plaats van de strengbeweging als gevolg van trekkracht in elke vezel, opgewekt door de aërodynamische trekmid-10 delen. De vezels beginnen gelijktijdig te koelen door aanraking met het koelfluïdum, dat wordt geleverd door een of meer zeven 25 in een richting bij voorkeur onder een hoek met de hoofdsne Iheids coup onent in de richting van de mondstukingang. Het koelfluïdum kan bestaan uit een grote verscheidenheid van gassen, zoals duidelijk is voor deskun-15 digen op dit gebied, waarbij echter lucht de voorkeur verdient voor wat betreft de kosten. Het koelfluïdum wordt ingebracht op een temperatuur in het bereik van 4,4 ° tot 54,4°C voor het verschaffen van het geregeld koelen van de vezels. Zoals weergegeven en hiervoor besproken, wordt het vezelgordijn enigszins verplaatst vanuit een ver-20 tikale baan door de dwarskracht van de koelstroom. Het koelgebied kan zijn ontworpen voor het verschaffen van een dergelijke beweging door het over enkele centimeters naar de koelluchttoevoer verspringend plaatsen van de spinplaat ten opzichte van de hartlijn van het trek-mondstuk.
25 Het is gewenst een verspringing te verschaffen, die de vezels in het mondstuk laat gaan met weinig of geen aanraking met het gebogen ingangsoppervlak. Het uitlaatluchtgedeelte, dat bij 28 naar buiten komt uit de poorten 29, is zeer belangrijk, aangezien dit de snelheid beïnvloedt van het afkoelen van de vezels. Een hogere stromingssnel-30 heid van het uitlaatfluldum heeft tot gevolg, dat meer fluïdum door de vezels wordt gezogen, hetgeen de vezels sneller koelt en de vezeltex vergroot. Het is duidelijk, dat indien de vezels nog gesmolten zijn bij het binnengaan van het trekmondstuk, de werkwijze niet betrouwbaar werkzaam is omdat het hechten aan het mondstuk plaatsvindt. De lengte 35 van de kamer voor het snel afkoelen moet voldoende zijn voor het koe- 8102208 10 len van de vezels tot een hechtvrije temperatuur voorafgaande aan de ingang naar het mondstuk. Een lengte van 60 cm of meer verdient de voorkeur, omdat dit voldoende tijd laat voor het snel afkoelen van een groot aantal vezels bij hoge productiesnelheden zonder een lage tempe-5 ratuur te vereisen van de lucht of een grote uitlaatstroom. Het verdient ook de voorkeur, dat de ingang naar het mondstuk, gevormd door de zijde 36, bij de hoek 56 vloeiend is en onder een hoek A van althans 135° voor het verminderen van vezelbreuk. Een inrichting voor het verstellen van de onderlinge standen van de zijden 34 en 36 is bij voorkeur 10 aangebracht, zoals een zuiger 35, bevestigd aan de zijde 36 bij 37.
In een in het bijzonder de voorkeur verdienende uitvoeringsvorm, zijn middelen, zoals ribben 54 aangebracht voor het voorkomen van het vormen van een turbulent wervelgebied. De gedaante, onderlinge afstand en het aantal van deze ribben is afhankelijk van factoren, zoals de kamerbreedte 15 en het buigen van de vezels, maar is in het algemeen dun, bijvoorbeeld minder dam 3,2 mm met een afstand van niet meer dan 19 mm uit elkaar voor het vullen van de gehele hoek, gevormd door de gebogen vezels.
Thans wordt aan de hand van fig. 4 het trekmondstuk gedetailleerder beschreven. De vezels worden vanuit de koelkamer gericht naar 20 het smalle mondstuk, waar de trekkracht wordt ontwikkeld. De fluldum-druk in het koelgebied ligt boven de fluïdumdruk bij de uitlaat uit het mondstuk voor het verschaffen van de gewenste fluïdumsnelheid en het daaruit voortvloeiende vezeltrékken. De fluïdumsnelheid door het mondstuk wordt gekozen in samenhang met de lengte van het mondstuk 25 voor het bereiken van de gewenste mate van trekken en de daaruit voortvloeiende vezeleigenschappen. Het mondstuk heeft de volledige machinebreedte en is voldoende smal voor het produceren van de benodigde fluïdumsnelheid voor een bepaalde stromingssnelheid van binnenkomende lucht. De gekozen bepaalde mondstukapening tussen de oppervlakken 32 30 en 34 is veranderlijk in afhankelijkheid van de gewenste vezeleigenschappen en andere instellingen van de werkwijze, maar ligt gewoonlijk in het bereik van 3,2 tot 25,4 mm, en bij voorkeur tussen 6,3 en 19 mm. Bij het ontwerpen van de zonder afvoer werkzame trekwerkwijze, kan de keuze van de lengte van het trekmondstuk en de voorkeursmondopening 35 worden gedaan voor het aanvullen van de ventilator of compressor, 8102208 i > 11 gebruikt voor het verschaffen van de lucht. Een kort mondstuk en een grote mondstukqpening vereisen beide het gebruik van een luchtstroom met een betrekkelijk groot volume, omdat in de eerste plaats een hoge treksnelheid nodig is en op de tweede plaats het dwarsdoorsnedeopper-5 vlak groot is, waarbij echter de vereiste luchtdruk betrekkelijk laag is. Aan de andere kant verschaft een lang mondstuk meer vezel lengte die is blootgesteld aan aandrijvende af schuif spanning van de trek lucht, en ontwikkeld derhalve de vereiste kracht bij een lagere luchtsnelheid, en vereist dus een luchtstroom met minder volume maar een hogere druk 10 als gevolg van een groot wrijvings ver lies in het mondstuk.
Op soortgelijke wijze verkleint een kleinere mondstukqpening het benodigde volume van de luchtstroom maar vergroot tevens de vereiste toevoerdruk als gevolg van een verhoogd wrijvingsverlies. In het algemeen is de vereiste luchtdruk minder dan 82,8 kPa, en bij voor-15 keur minder dan 13,8 kPa, hetgeen een klein gedeelte is van de druk, nodig voor afvoerstelsels.Het onderlinge verband tussen deze factoren is op het gebied van fluïdumstroming voor deskundigen algemeen bekend.
Bij de uitlaat van het mondstuk wordt de stroom een vrije straal, die onderhevig is aan turbulente diffusie van hoeveelheid van 20 beweging. De gemiddelde snelheid neemt af en binnen een afstand van ongeveer 20 maal de kleine afmeting van de mondstukopening bereikt de trekkracht nul en wordt de trekspanning in de vezels opgeheven, waardoor deze door plaatselijke turbulente wervelingen kunnen worden verplaatst. Dit heeft de vorming tot gevolg van onregelmatige lussen in 25 het gevormde vlies en verschaft zodoende een mate van fysisch overlappen, nodig voor het produceren van een geheel vormend vlies. Deze lusvorming heeft een kenmerkende afmeting of schaal, die wordt bepaald door de mondstukopening en de afstand naar de vormoppervlakope-ning. In een voorkeursuitvoeringsvorm hebben de zijden 36 en 34, die 30 de mondstukopening 32 vormen, een verschillende lengte, waarbij de een tot wel 7,6 cm, en bij voorkeur 1,9 tot 3,2 cm langer is dan de andere. Deze uitvoering vergroot op regelmatige en voorspelbare wijze de gegolfde vezelbeweging in de dwarsmachinerichting, hetgeen het verstrengelen van het vlies vergroot en tijdelijke onderbrekingen vanuit 35 het trekmondstük naar buiten komende vezels maskeert. In ieder geval 8102208 % 12 is echter de lusvorming volledig vrij van grootschalige componenten, die overheersend zijn in werkwijzen, die het zijdelings uitspreiden vereisen van vezels tussen de inrichting voor het produceren van de trekkracht en de vormzeefwand, in het bijzonder bij het werkzaam zijn 5 met hoge produk tie snelheden, bijvoorbeeld 0,9 kg per cm machinebreedte per uur of meer. Vezels, die uit een kleine mondstukopening komen, zoals 3,2 mm, hebben een lus in hoofdzaak in het bereik van 3,2 mm tot 6,3 mm in afmeting, en de grootste lussen of migraties van vezels van slechts ongeveer 25,4 mm wanneer het vlies wordt verzameld op een af-10 stand van 38cm vanaf het mondstuk. Aan de andere kant verschaft een mondstuk met een 12,7 mm opening grotere lussen met een afmeting van in hoofdzaak 6,3 tot 12,7 mm. Wanneer het vormen dichtbij de mondstuk-uitlaat plaatsvindt, zoals op een afstand van 15 cm, zijn de grootste migraties van de vezels in afmeting slechts 12,7 mm. De vorming van 15 kleine lussen van de vezels is in deze werkwijze op twee manieren van belang. Ten eerste is de structuur van het verkregen vlies op zichzelf verschillend van die, waarbij grootschalige lussen overheersen. Het verschil is in het bijzonder duidelijk wanneer er sterke opeenhopingen zijn van vezels samenhangende met grootschalige lussen, 20 zodat verandering in ruimtelijke verdeling van het basisgewicht niet alleen grootschalig is, maar ook groot in sterkte. Met alleen kleine lussen en migraties van de vezels , zijn er minder opeenhopingen voor het vormen van zware concentraties in het vlies, zodat de sterkte van de verandering alsmede de afmeting van veranderingen in basisgewicht 25 klein zijn. Het tweede voordeel van kleine lussen is,dat het vrij van de straal zijnde gedeelte van de vorming vrijwel geen uitwerking heeft op de algemene verdeling van het basisgewicht over de machine, dat wil zeggen dat de regeling is gelegen in de verdeling van gaten in de spin-plaat.
30 Het is voor deskundigen duidelijk, dat de aan de koelkamer geleverde lucht niet alleen koeler moet zijn dan de vezels, maar in hoofdzaak regelmatig in verdeling, vrij van secondaire circulaties en met weinig turbulentie. In het ideale geval is een gestroomlijnde stroom gewenst vanuit de koelkamer in het mondstuk voor het handhaven 35 van een regelmatige, gelijkblijvende verdeling van vezels. Voor dit 8102208 13 doel zijn bij voorkeur een of meer zeven 25 aangebracht bij de koel-inlaat 26. De stroming ondergaat een grote versnelling door het onderste gedeelte van de koelkamer en is derhalve niet bijzonder gevoelig voor onstabiliteiten, maar de naderingsstroom moet in beginsel vrij 5 zijn van grootschalige wervelingen en dergelijke. Een normale ontwikkeling van turbulentie in het mondstuk heeft geen grote uitwerking op de vezels als gevolg van zijn kleinschaligheid.
Overeenkomstig het voorgaande is het duidelijk, dat de werkwijze en inrichting kunnen worden ingesteld qp sterk veranderlijke 10 werkomstandigheden, en zodoende een grote veelzijdigheid verschaffen. Als gevolg van de volledige breedte en betrekkelijk grote opening van het mondstuk, hebben de werkwijze en inrichting een sterk verminderde neiging tot verstopt raken, en verschaffen zijn het automatisch weer bin-den indien een vezel breekt. Omdat de werkwijze betrekkelijk onge-15 voelig is voor vezelbreuk is het mogelijk vezels te spinnen, die sterk zijn geladen met pigmenten en dergelijke voor-het produceren van gekleurde en door toevoeging gewijzigde vliezen. Tenslotte zijn de werkwijze en inrichting als gevolg van het ontwerp niet vatbaar voor grootschalige luchtturbulentie noch voor aratische omstandigheden, 20 zoals gewoonlijk aangetroffen bij het uitspreiden van vezels met als gevolg, dat regelmatiger vliezen kunnen worden verkregen met een aantrekkelijk uiterlijk en gelijkblijvende fysische eigenschappen.
De navolgende voorbeelden zijn illustratief voor de werking en resultaten, verkregen door toepassing van de werkwijze en de in-25 richting. Deze proeven werden uitgevoerd met de inrichting, zoals in zijn algemeenheid weergegeven in de fig. 1-4 en met de parameters, zoals aangegeven in de tabel, een lengte van het koelgebied van 140cm, een mondstuklengte van 100 cm en een capillaire doorvoer, zoals aangegeven.
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Geluidshoogtemetingen werden genomen onder omstandigheden, waarbij de inrichting werd bediend met een mondstukspleet van 6,3 mm en volledig open bij een achtergrond van 80 tot 90 dB. Met tussenafstanden van 1,5 meter werden vanaf de vloer tot aan oorhoogte van de 5 bedienaar metingen uitgevoerd, waarbij slechts één aflezing, genomen op 30 cm onder de mondstukopening, de 100 dB overschreed met 100,5. De rest lag beneden 90 dB.
Samenvattend verduidelijken de voorgaande voorbeelden de werkwijze en inrichting, en hun werking. Voorkeursuitvoeringsvormen om-10 vatten de vorming van vliezen met een laag basisgewicht van fijne poly-propeenvezels van minder dan 0,6 tex, en produktiesnelheden van meer dan 0,9 kg per uur, verder het punt binden van deze vliezen voor het produceren van een vliesmateriaal dat kan worden gebruikt voor vele toepassingen, omvattende 1) voeringen voor gezondheidsprodukten, 2) 15 kledingstukken voor beperkt gebruik, 3) chirurgische doeken en zelfs 4) duurzame goederen.
Eet is duidelijk, dat veranderingen en verbeteringen kunnen worden aangebracht zonder buiten het kader van de uitvinding te treden.
81 0 2 2 0 8
Claims (18)
1. Inrichting voor het vormen van een vezelvlies uit een vloeiend materiaal, gekenmerkt door een spindop, voorzien van een capillair opstelling, die een of meer rijen vormt van dichtbij elkaar 5 liggende vezels van het vloeiende materiaal, verder door een kamer voor het snel afkoelen, voorzien van een ononderbroken opening met de breedte van de machine, welke opening afmetingen en een gedaante heeft voor het voorkomen van waarneembare aanraking tussen de vezels en het oppervlak van de kamer, en een volume, dat voldoende is voor het mogelijk 10 maken van het harden van de vezels in de kamer, door een bron met koelfluldum onder een lage druk en op een lagere temperatuur dan de vezels, door een inlaat in de kamer voor het aan één zijde van de vezels inbrengen van het koelfluldum en het leiden daarvan door de vezels voor het afkoelen daarvan, door een mondstuk, voorzien van een 15 ononderbroken opening in de breedte van de machine en in werkzame samenwerking met de kamer voor het opnemen van de gekoelde vezels en koelfluldum, en van afmetingen voor het produceren van een koelfluidum-snelheid in het bereik van 45 tot 240 meter per seconde voor het trekken van de vezels en door middelen voor het verzamelen van de vezels 20 als een vlies in elkaar gestrengelde vezels.
2. Inrichting volgens conclusie 1, roet het kenmerk, dat de kamer voor het snel afkoelen een uitlaatpoort bevat aan de zijde van de vezels tegenover de inlaat voor het koelfluldum.
3. Inrichting volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat de 25 mondstukingang wordt gevormd door één zijde, voorzien van een vloeiende hoek onder een hoek van althans 135°.
4. Inrichting volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat het mondstuk één zijde bevat, die beweegbaar is ten opzichte λ/an de andere voor het veranderen van de afmetingen van de mondstukopening.
5. Inrichting volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat de kamer voor het snel afkoelen middelen bevat voor het verminderen van de turbulentie van het koelfluldum in hoeken van de kamer.
6. Inrichting volgens conclusie 5, met het kenmerk, dat de middelen voor het verminderen van de turbulentie bestaan uit ribben.
7. Inrichting volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat 81 02 2 0 8 middelen zijn aangebracht voor het regelen van de turbulentie in het koelfluïdum voorafgaande aan het in aanraking komen daarvan met de vezels.
8. Inrichting volgens conclusie 1, met het kenmerk, dat de 5 mondstukzijden, die de uitgangsopening vormen, verschillende lengten hebben, waarbij de ene zijde tot 7,6 cm langer is dan de andere, en de middelen voor het verzamelen van de vezels zich op een afstand, die gelijk is aan 20 maal de kleinere afmeting van de monds tuk opening, vanaf het mondstuk bevinden.
9. Werkwijze voor het vormen van een vezelvlies, gekenmerkt door de stappen van het vormen van een of meer rijen dichtbij elkaar liggende vezels door het spinnen van vloeiend materiaal, verder het leiden van de gesponnen vezels door een kamer voor het snel afkoelen, het in aanraking brengen van de vezels met een koelf luïdum onder een 15 lage druk en op een temperatuur, die lager ligt dan die van de vezels, in de kamer voor het produceren van in hoofdzaak niet hechtende vezels onder het in hoofdzaak gelijkblijvend houden van de vezelverdeling dwars op de machine richting, het trekken van de vezels in een mondstuk door het in hoofdzaak regelmatig versnellen van het koelfluldum tot 20 een gelijkblijvende hoge snelheid in het mondstuk, en het verzamelen van de vezels als een vlies met in elkaar gestrengelde vezels.
10. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 9, gekenmerkt door het uitlaten van een gedeelte van het koelfluldum op een punt aan de tegenover liggende zijde van de vezels ten opzichte van het punt, waar de aanra- 25 king tussen het koelfluldum en de vezels het eerst optreedt.
11. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 9, gekenmerkt door het vormen van kleinschalige lussen van de vezels door het verzamelen op een afstand vanaf de mondstukuitgang, welke afstand gelijk is aan althans 20 maal de kleinere afmeting van de mondstukopening.
12. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 9, met het kenmerk, dat het o koelfluldum lucht is op een temperatuur in het bereik van 4,4 C tot o 3 54,4 C en met een stromingssnelheid van 0,56 tot 2,24 m per minuut per 2,5 cm machinebreedte.
13. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 9, met het kenmerk, dat het 35 vloeiend materiaal een thermoplastische polymeer is. \ .... 8102208 IS
14. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 9, gekenmerkt door het verstellen van de afmeting van de mondstukopening door het bewegen van één mondstukzijoppervlak met betrekking tot het andere.
15. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 10, gekenmerkt door het 5 regelen van de vezeltex door het verstellen van de hoeveelheid uitlaat-koelfluldum.
16. Werkwijze volgens conclusie 9, gekenmerkt door het regelen van de mate van vezelverstrengeling in het vlies door het langer maken van één oppervlak van de mondstukuitgang dan het tegenover liggen- 10 de oppervlak van de mondstukuitgang.
17. Inrichting in hoofdzaak zoals in de beschrijving beschreven en in de tekening weergegeven.
18. Werkwijze in hoofdzaak zoals in de beschrijving beschreven en in de tekening weergegeven. 8102208
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/146,450 US4340563A (en) | 1980-05-05 | 1980-05-05 | Method for forming nonwoven webs |
US14645080 | 1980-05-05 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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NL8102208A true NL8102208A (nl) | 1981-12-01 |
NL191892B NL191892B (nl) | 1996-06-03 |
NL191892C NL191892C (nl) | 1996-10-04 |
Family
ID=22517415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
NL8102208A NL191892C (nl) | 1980-05-05 | 1981-05-06 | Inrichting voor het vormen van een niet geweven baan uit filamenten. |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4340563A (nl) |
JP (1) | JPS5735053A (nl) |
KR (1) | KR840000196B1 (nl) |
AU (1) | AU536472B2 (nl) |
BR (1) | BR8102691A (nl) |
CA (1) | CA1160412A (nl) |
DE (1) | DE3117737A1 (nl) |
FR (1) | FR2481719A1 (nl) |
GB (1) | GB2077181B (nl) |
IT (1) | IT1170940B (nl) |
MX (1) | MX152986A (nl) |
NL (1) | NL191892C (nl) |
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NL64060C (nl) * | 1943-03-10 | |||
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-
1980
- 1980-05-05 US US06/146,450 patent/US4340563A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1981
- 1981-04-30 BR BR8102691A patent/BR8102691A/pt unknown
- 1981-04-30 MX MX187098A patent/MX152986A/es unknown
- 1981-05-02 KR KR1019810001522A patent/KR840000196B1/ko active
- 1981-05-04 IT IT48387/81A patent/IT1170940B/it active
- 1981-05-05 AU AU70140/81A patent/AU536472B2/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 GB GB8113706A patent/GB2077181B/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 DE DE19813117737 patent/DE3117737A1/de active Granted
- 1981-05-05 CA CA000376887A patent/CA1160412A/en not_active Expired
- 1981-05-05 FR FR8108922A patent/FR2481719A1/fr active Granted
- 1981-05-06 JP JP6805181A patent/JPS5735053A/ja active Granted
- 1981-05-06 NL NL8102208A patent/NL191892C/nl not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS5735053A (en) | 1982-02-25 |
KR840000196B1 (ko) | 1984-02-28 |
CA1160412A (en) | 1984-01-17 |
DE3117737C2 (nl) | 1992-03-19 |
US4340563A (en) | 1982-07-20 |
FR2481719B1 (nl) | 1983-05-06 |
NL191892C (nl) | 1996-10-04 |
DE3117737A1 (de) | 1982-02-11 |
AU7014081A (en) | 1981-11-12 |
NL191892B (nl) | 1996-06-03 |
GB2077181B (en) | 1983-09-28 |
KR830006510A (ko) | 1983-09-28 |
JPS646305B2 (nl) | 1989-02-02 |
AU536472B2 (en) | 1984-05-10 |
IT1170940B (it) | 1987-06-03 |
BR8102691A (pt) | 1982-01-26 |
IT8148387A0 (it) | 1981-05-04 |
MX152986A (es) | 1986-07-14 |
FR2481719A1 (fr) | 1981-11-06 |
GB2077181A (en) | 1981-12-16 |
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