DE3117737A1 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bilden einer nichtgewebten bahn aus filamenten - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bilden einer nichtgewebten bahn aus filamentenInfo
- Publication number
- DE3117737A1 DE3117737A1 DE19813117737 DE3117737A DE3117737A1 DE 3117737 A1 DE3117737 A1 DE 3117737A1 DE 19813117737 DE19813117737 DE 19813117737 DE 3117737 A DE3117737 A DE 3117737A DE 3117737 A1 DE3117737 A1 DE 3117737A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- filaments
- nozzle
- cooling
- cooling fluid
- cooling chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/15—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer being manufactured and immediately laminated before reaching its stable state, e.g. in which a layer is extruded and laminated while in semi-molten state
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
- D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/05—Filamentary, e.g. strands
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
- B29C48/87—Cooling
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
- D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
- D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/001—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations
- B29C48/0018—Combinations of extrusion moulding with other shaping operations combined with shaping by orienting, stretching or shrinking, e.g. film blowing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
- B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
- B29C48/08—Flat, e.g. panels flexible, e.g. films
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/30—Extrusion nozzles or dies
- B29C48/345—Extrusion nozzles comprising two or more adjacently arranged ports, for simultaneously extruding multiple strands, e.g. for pelletising
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
- B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
- B29C48/86—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling at the nozzle zone
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/731—Filamentary material, i.e. comprised of a single element, e.g. filaments, strands, threads, fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2555/00—Personal care
- B32B2555/02—Diapers or napkins
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
Description
— D —
Beschreibung - P 16204
Die Herstellung von nichtgewebten Bahnmaterialien bzw.
Tuchen hat sich zu einem wesentlichen Industriezweig herangebildet. Eine weite Vielfalt von Verfahren zur Herstellung
derartiger Bahnmaterialien wurde entwickelt, welche von der Papierherstellung bis zum Spinnen von Polymeren mit
IiUft^Ausstoßdüsen oder zu mechanischem Verstrecken reicht.
Eine weite Vielfalt von Verwendungsformen wurde auch für derartige Bahnmaterialien entwickelt, und zwar
1) Gegenstände für den einmaligen Gebrauch, wie etwa Tüche,r für chirurgische Zwecke,
2) Produkte für mehrfache Verwendung, wie etwa Wischtücher,
j3) dauerhafte Tuche für die Herstellung von Teppichware und
dgl-, und
4) Komponenten für Wegwerfprodukte wie etwa Windeln und Damenbinden,
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist auf Verfahren und Einrichtungen zur Bildung nichtgewebter Bahnmaterialien gerichtet, und zwar
insbesondere jener, welche ein Grundgewicht aufweisen, das allgemein im Bereich von 3,39 bis 339 g/m2 liegt (o,1 bis
10 oz/yd*)/ und zwar durch Verspinnen von thermoplastischen
Polymeren. Derartige Bahnmaterialien finden Verwendung bei der Herstellung von Wegwerfprodukten wie Windeleinlagen und
Umhüllungen für Damenbinden. Bei den schwereren Gewichten können die Bahnmaterialien sogar für anspruchsvollere Verwendungsformen
verwendet werden, wie etwa als Teppich-Trägerschicht, Zelttuch und dgl.
130066/0741
Allgemein ist die Erfindung auf nichtgewebte Bahnmaterialien
gerichtet, die gebildet sind durch Verspinnen von Filamenten aus thermoplastischen Polymeren, deren aerodynamische Verstreckung
bis auf einen gewünschten Denier-Wert, und Zusammenfassen der Filamente einander überlagernd auf einer porösen
Oberfläche zur Bildung eines Bahnmaterials, welches, wenn es verklebt bzw. bondiert wurde, ein Material liefert, das eine
hinlängliche Festigkeit für zahlreiche Verwendungsformen aufweist und welches für zusätzliche Anwendungen noch weiter behandelt
werden kann. Insbesondere ist die vorliegende Erfindung auf ein derartiges Verfahren und eine derartige Vorrichtung gerichtet,
welche nichtgewebte Bahnmaterialien dadurch herstellt, daß sie eine oder mehrere Reihen von Filamenten bilden, welche
sich über die volle Maschinenbreite erstrecken, und die Filamente in einer Düse, die sich über die volle Maschinenbreite
erstreckt, verstreckt.
Es ist bekannt, nichtgewebte Bahnmaterialien aus thermoplastischen
Materialien herzustellen, indem man das thermoplastische Material durch einen Spinnkopf extrudiert und das extrudierte
Material durch Ausblasen auszieht, um auf einer Sammelfläche ein regellos gebildetes Bahnmaterial zu bilden.
Das Blasausziehen (Eductive drawing) findet dort statt, vro getrennte Düsen gebildet sind, welche ein umgebendes Strömungsmittel
in einer turbulenten Strömung antreiben. Allgemein erfordern Blasvorrichtungen getrennte Quellen für Strömungsmittel,
üblicherweise Luft, und erzeugen das Ausziehen durch kinetische Energie. Beispielsweise beschreibt US-PS 3 692 618
(Dorschner et al.) ein derartiges Verfahren und eine Einrichtung zu dessen Ausführung, wobei eine Reihe von Blasdüsen verwendet
werden, durch welche Filamentbündel durch Luft mit sehr hoher Geschwindigkeit hindurchgezogen werden, was eine
Hochdruckquelle erforderlich macht. Ein Versuch wurde dann vorgenommen, die Bündel auszubreiten oder in Schwingungen zu
versetzen, um einander überlagernde Schlaufen in einer Bahn
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zu bilden, welche dann bondiert werden kann und zu Verwendungen
für nichtgewebte Materialien herangezogen werden kann. Nachteile dieses Verfahrens und dieser Einrichtung umfassen
die, folgenden:
1) Das Erfordernis für eine Druckluftquelle mit
hohem Druck,
2) das Ausblasen von Luft mit niedrigem Druck, was hocht;urbulente Strömungen und deshalb das Verflechten des
Filaments verursacht,
3) die Schwierigkeit, alle Blaseinrichtungen dazu zu
bringen, Filamente zu erzeugen, welche dieselben Eigenschaften aufweisen,
4) Verstopfen der Blaseinrichtungen durch gebrochene
Filamente, und
5) Profile mit ungleichförmigem Grundgewicht, was von einer schlechten Bündelausbreitung oder von Veränderungen im
Maß der Filamentverschlingung herrührt.
GB-PS 1 285 381 (Fukada et al.) beschreibt ein ähnliches Blasverfahren und eine derartige Vorrichtung, welche,
während s. ie eine Ausziehkammer mit voller Maschinenbreite
heranzieht, Aüstrittsdüsen verwendet, welche denselben Problemen des Verstopfens, erneuten Einfädeins und turbulenter Vermischung
ausgesetzt sind, welche bereits bei den Schießdüsen des vorher beschriebenen Patents aufgetreten sind. Dieses Patent offenbart
auch eine Anordnung ohne Nutzung der Blaswirkung, mit einer segmentierten Ausbildung. US-PS 3 802 817 (Matsuki et al.)
beschreibt ebenfalls eine Blaseinrichtung mit voller Breite sowie ein Verfahren, welches, während es die Austrittsdüsenplatte von
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Fukuda et al. vermeidet, doch immer noch hohe Drücke erforderlich
macht und für den praktischen Betrieb auf niedrigere Geschwindigkeiten begrenzt ist. US-PS 4 064 605 (Akiyama et al.)
beschreibt in ähnlicher Weise eine Einrichtung, welche das Strecken mittels Hochgeschwindigkeits-Luftdüsen verwendet.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ist auf ein Verfahren zum nichteduktiven
Verstrecken bzw. Ausziehen gerichtet, sowie auf ein System zum Spinnen thermoplastischer Polymerfilamente.
Die Systeme aus dem oben erörterten Stand der Technik bringen Eduktor-Vorrichtungen bzw. Blasvorrichtungen zum Ausziehen
von Filamenten mit sich. Diese Vorrichtungen erzeugen inhärent hochgradige Turbulenz und Verwirbelung, welche dazu neigt, die
Filamente zu verschlingen, was die Gleichförmigkeit des erzeugten Produkts einschränkt. Ferner bringen derartige Systeme aus
dem Stand der Technik kleine Blas-Austrittsöffnungen mit sich,
welche unter Nachteilen wie etwa häufigem Verstopfen leiden. Diese Systeme erfordern auch zwei Luftquellen und zwei Sätze
zugeordneter Anlagenteile; eine Niederdruckquelle für gekühlte Luft wird verwendet, um die geschmolzenen Filamente auf einen
verfestigten Zustand abzuschrecken, und als andere wird eine Hochdruck-Luftquelle benötigt, um Hochgeschwindigkeitsluft
zum Ausziehen der Filamente zu erzeugen, wobei die Luft mit hoher Geschwindigkeit hohe Lärmpegel erzeugt, wenn sie die
Filamente auszieht.
Im Gegensatz hierzu bringen System und Verfahren der vorliegenden
Erfindung eine Anfangs -!Abschreckkammer und die Verwendung einer durchgehenden, engen Düse quer über die gesamte Maschinenbreite
mit sich, welche eine lineare Fläche von Filamenten im Düsenabschnitt herstellt, mit im wesentlichen konstanter
Filamentverteilung über die Maschinenbreite hinweg, und eine gute Kontrolle über die Gleichförmigkeit quer zur Maschine
liefert. Es wird in dieses System keine Luft eingeblasen, da die Abkühlluft eine gleichförmige Beschleunigung in die Düse
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hinein erfährt, wo dann die Ausziehkraft hergestellt wird, so daß Turbulenz und ihre Auswirkungen minimal sind. Dieselbe
Lufit yird für zwei Zwecke verwendet: Zuerst zum Abkühlen der
Filamente und dann, um diese auszuziehen, wenn die Luft durch die Ziehdüse mit hoher Geschwindigkeit ausströmt. Diese Doppelverwendung
der Luft verringert die Nutzkosten und die erforderliqhen Kapitalinvestitionen bei Einrichtung und Leitungen zur
Handhabung von Luft. Durch Wahl einer geeigneter Düsenlänge kann die erforderliche Auszieh- bzw. Verstreckungsspannung erreicht
werden, und zwar mit einer Luftgeschwindigkeit in der Düse
von nur etwa dem 1,5- bis 4fachen der Filamentgeschwindigkeit. Jn derartigen Fällen kann beispielsweise eine Luftgeschwindigkeit
von 83,82 m/s verwendet werden, um eine Filamentgeschwindigkeit von 47,85 m/s zu erzeugen, was einen Vorratsdruck von nur
44,82 mbar für eine Düsenöffnung von 9,525 mm erfordert (Beispiel
Nr.6in der beigefügten Tabelle). In diesem Fall beträgt die erforderliche Luftmenge nur etwa 0,48 m3/min pro cm Mas.chi,nenbreite
zum Ausziehen der Filamente. Das Abkühlen der Filamente wird durch Regulieren der Temperatur der Kühlluft
kontrolliert, sowie durch Kontrollieren des Strömungsdurchsatzes der Luft hinter den Filamenten bis zu einer Ausblasöffnung
nahe der Oberseite der Abkühlkammer. Die Menge an Abkühlluft, welche die Leitung verläßt, ist für den Betrieb des
Prozesses bedeutend, so daß dieser Strömungsdurchsatz bevorzugt in engen Grenzen überwacht und gesteuert wird. Wenn eine zu
hohe Austrittsströmung vorliegt, dann wird die Geschwindigkeit der Luft durch das Filamentbündel die Filamente veranlassen,
zu fcaumeln und aneinanderzukleben, was den Filamentbruch veranlaßt.
Die Filamente werden auch zu rasch gekühlt, u.nd brüchige Filamente mit zu hoher Denierzahl werden erzeugt. Mit zu
geringem Luftaustritt werden die Filamente nicht völlig abgekühlt, wenn sie in die Ausziehdüse eintreten, was die Möglichkeit
erhöht, daß sie an den Düsenflächen ankleben.
130066/0741
Um die Vorzüge der vorliegenden Erfindung zu erreichen, ist es wesentlich, daß beim Aufbau der Einrichtung und der Durchführung
des Verfahrens gewisse Bereiche von Parametern eingehalten werden. Beispielsweise sollte die Kühlluft bei einer
Temperatur im Bereich von etwa 4,4 bis 54,4 0C (40 bis 130 0F)
gehalten werden. Der Luftströmungsdurchsatz sollte innerhalb des Bereiches von 0,223 bis etwa 0,892 m3/min pro cm Maschinenbreite
gehalten werden, und die Düsenöffnung in einem Bereich von etwa 3,175 bis 25,4 mm. Wie oben erwähnt, ist der Auslaßströmungsdurchsatz
wesentlich beim Erzielen der gewünschten Fxlamenteigenschaften und wird allgemein im Bereich von nahezu
Null bis etwa 0,1 m3/min pro cm Maschinenbreite liegen.
Die Länge der Kühlkammer und die Länge der Ausziehdüse werden natürlich vom Material abhängen, welches versponnen wird, sowie
von den speziellen, gewünschten Eigenschaften des Bahnmaterials. Dementsprechend verändern sich diese Parameter innerhalb
weiter Grenzen, werden aber allgemein innerhalb des Bereichs von etwa 1,27 m'bis 2,032 m liegen, vorzugsweise mindestens
0,61 m für die Länge der Kühlzone und etwa 0,254 bis 1,016 m für die Länge der Ausziehdüse. In ähnlicher Weise können die
Kapillaren des Spinnkopfes in vielen Ausbildungen vorliegen, werden aber allgemein im Bereich von etwa 0,5 bis etwa 6,2 pro
cm2 .in einer gleichförmigen Kapillarenanordnung liegen. Wie
aus dem obigen ersichtlich ist, sind Verfahren und Einrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung außerordentlich flexibel und können
derart abgeändert werden, daß sie zu einer weiten Vielfalt von Materialien und Betriebsbedingungen passen. Dies ist ein
spezieller Vorzug und ein spezielles Merkmal der vorliegenden Erfindung.
130066/0741
Der Gegenstand der Erfindung ist anhand der beigefügten,
schematischen Zeichnung noch näher erläutert; es ist:
Fig. 1 ein verallgemeinertes Strömungsdiagramm, welches
das Verfahren der vorliegenden Erfindung darstellt,
Fig. 2 eine schematische, quergeschnittene Perspektivansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung, und
Fig. 3 und 4 jeweils eine Ansicht eines Querschnitts, welcher die Bildung und das Ablegen der Filamente noch
näher zeigt.
Während die vorliegende Erfindung im Zusammenhang mit bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben wird, wird darauf hingewiesen,
daß es nicht beabsichtigt ist, die Erfindung auf diese Ausführungsbeispiele zu beschränken. Ganz im Gegenteil ist es
beabsichtigt, alle Alternativlösungen, Abwandlungen und Äquivalente abzudecken, welche in den Gedanken und Bereich der
Erfindung eingeschlossen werden können, wie sie auch durch die beigefügten Ansprüche definiert sind.
Es wird zunächst auf Fig. 1 übergegangen; das Verfahren der Erfindung wird nun näher beschrieben. Wie gezeigt, besteht
der erste Schritt darin, daß man ein thermoplastisches Polymer in flüssigem Zustand zum Spinnen bereithält. Die Flexibilität
der Einrichtung und des Verfahrens der vorliegenden Erfindung erlauben eine weite Vielfalt von zu verarbeitenden
Polymeren. Beispielsweise kann irgendeines der folgenden verwendet werden: Polyamide, Polyester, Polyolefine, Polyvinylacetat,
Polyvinylchlorid, Polyvinylalkohol, Celluloseacetat, Viskose und dgl. Es wird auch in Betracht gezogen,
andere spinnfähige Materialien zu verwenden, die üblicherweise nicht als Polymere angesehen werden dürften, wie beispielsweise
geschmolzenes Glas. Es ist wesentlich, daß das Material in der Lage ist, zum Verspinnen ausreichend verflüssigt
zu werden und auch sonst die Eigenschaften aufzuweisen, welche
130066/0741
erforderlich sind, daß es dem Ausziehen bzw. Verstrecken in der Filament-Ausziehzone unterzogen wird.Andere Beispiele
werden dem Fachmann auf dem technischen Gebiet der Polymere ersichtlich.
Das Polymer wird von einem Vorrat 10 zu einem Trichter 12,
dann durch einen Extruder 14, ein Filter 16 und eine Dosierpumpe
17 einem Spinnkasten 18 zugeführt. Filamente 20 werden
durch einen Spinnkopf 22 ausgesponnen, der Öffnungen aufweist, die in ein oder mehr Reihen angeordnet sind und einen FiIa-..
mentvorhang 20 bilden, der in die Abkühlkammer 24 gerichtet ist. In der Abkühlkammer 24 werden die Filamente 20 in Berührung
mit Luft oder einem anderen Kühlströmungsmittel gebracht, das durch den Lufteinlaß 26 eingeleitet und kühler als die Filamente
gehalten wird, und zwar vorzugsweise nahe den Umgebungstemperaturen und beispielsweise im Bereich von etwa 4,4 0C bis
54,4 0C. Das Kühlströmungsmittel wird unter niedrigem Druck bzw.
Überdruck von weniger als 827,4 mbar und vorzugsweise von weniger als 137,9 mbar zugeführt, und ein Teil wird vorzugsweise
durch den Filamentvorhang 20 hindurchgeleitet und als Abgas durch die Öffnung 28 entfernt. Wie oben beschrieben, wird der
Anteil der zugeführten Luft, der als Abgas abgeleitet wird, von dem Polymer abhängen, welches verwendet wird, sowie von der
Abkühlgeschwindigkeit, die erforderlich ist, um die gewünschten Filamenteigenschaften zu liefern, wie etwa die Denierzahl,
Zähigkeit bzw. Reißfestigkeit und dgl. Im allgemeinen gilt: Je größer die Menge der Auspuffluft ist, desto größer ist die
sich ergebende Denierzahl des Filaments; und umgekehrt: Je niedriger das Auspuffluftverhältnis ist, desto niedriger ist
die Denierzahl.
Wenn der Abkühlungsvorgang fertiggestellt ist, dann wird der Filamentvorhang durch ein sich sanft verengendes unteres Ende
30 der Kühlkammer in eine Düse 32 geleitet, wo die Luft eine
130066/0741
Geschwindigkeit von etwa 45,72 bis 243,84 m/s erreicht. Die
Ausziehdüse weist die volle Maschinenbreite auf und ist vorzugsweise
von einer ortsfesten Wand 34 und einer beweglichen Wand 36 gebildet, welche die Maschinenbreite überspannt. Wie
nooh näher im Hinblick auf Fig. 3 beschrieben wird, kann die bewegliche Wand unter den Kühlluftvorhängen zurückgefahren oder
2{V|r ortsfesten Wand hin bewegt werden. Während der Inbetriebnahme
wird die Wand voll zurückgefahren, so daß die Filamente
Infolge der Schwerkraft durch die weit offene Düse hindurch- £a,llen, Di,e niedrige Geschwindigkeit der ankommenden Kühlluft
Wird durch die weit offene Düse beibehalten, so daß tatsächlich nur ein geringes aerodynamisches Ausziehen stattfindet.
We.nn die Polymerströmung voll hergestellt ist, dann wird die bewegliche Wand nach vorne bewegt, um die Düsenöffnung zu verkleinern,
die Luftgeschwindigkeit zu erhöhen und die Filamente
auszuziehen bzw. zu strecken. Wenn eine größere Verfahrensstörung auftritt und die Ausziehdüse teilweise während des Betriebs
mit Polymer verstopft wird, dann wird die bewegliche Wand kurzzeitig zurückgezogen, bis der Pfropfen durch die
vergrößerte Düse hindurchfällt. Die Wand wird dann wieder nach vorne in ihre normale Betriebsstellung gefahren.
Die Position dieser beweglichen Wand bestimmt die Ausziehdüsenöffnung und somit die Geschwindigkeit der Luft, welche durch
die Düse tritt, und zwar über einen vorgegebenen Kühlluftdurchsatz und eine vorgegebene Auspuffeinstellung. Die Kraft zum
Ausziehen der Filamente nimmt zu, wenn die Luftgeschwindigkeit zunimmt, so daß die Filament-Denierzahl mühelos ganz einfach
dadurch verändert werden kann, daß man das Maß der Düsenöffnung erhol = t oder verringert. Allgemein kann die Denierzahl des Filament
si erhöht werden durch die folgenden Schritte:
130066/0741
1) Vergrößern der Düsenöffnung,
2) Verringern des Luftströmungsdurchsatzes durch die Düse,
3) Erhöhen des Auspuffluftdurchsatzes,
4) Absenken der Kühllufttemperatur,
5) Verringern der Polymertemperatur,
6) Erhöhen des Molekulargewichts des Polymers, z. B. Verringern des Strömungsdurchsatzes der
Schmelze, oder
7) Erhöhen des Polymerdurchsatzes pro Kapillare.
Die Schritte 1) und 2) verringern die Verstreckungskraft der Luft, Schritt 3) und 4) erhöhen die Abkühlungsrate des Polymers,
Schritt 5) und 6) erhöhen die Längsviskosität des Polymers, und der Schritt 7) erhöht die Masse des zu beschleunigenden
Polymers.
Für Polypropylen wird die Schmelzetemperatur allgemein im Bereich
von etwa 208 0C bis etwa 320 0C liegen, mit einem Schmelzeindex
(190 0C,2160 g) des Polymers am Spinnkopf im Bereich von
etwa 17 bis 110. Bei derartigen Materialien kann der Polymerdurchsatz
im Bereich von etwa 17,6 bis 281 g pro Stunde und cm2 der Spinnkopf-Kapillarfläche liegen. Unter diesen Bedingungen
wurden befriedigende Betriebsergebnisse erreicht, wenn man einen Düsenspalt im Bereich von etwa 1,59 bis 25,4 mm verwendet
hat.
Somit können die Filament-Denierzahlen verhältnismäßig einfach und rasch durch mehrere, unterschiedliche Vorgehensweisen geändert
werden, welche nicht die Verteilung der Filamente aus der Düse heraus beeinträchtigen. In allen Fällen überspannt die
Düse die gesamte Breite der Maschine. Deshalb wird eine Verteilung der Filamente, welche im wesentlichen identisch der
130066/0741
Verteilung der Düsenöffnungen in der Spinnplatte entspricht,
über die Maschinenbreite hinweg den gesamten Weg bis zum Auslaß der Düse aufrechterhalten.
Nach Verlassen der Düse können die Filamente auf einer bewegten, mit öffnungen versehenen Fläche 38 wie etwa einer endlosen
Wand oder einem Endlosriemen zur Bildung eines nichtgewebten
Bahnmaterials 40 gesammelt werden. Durch Auswahl der Düsen-Öffnung
und des Formungsabstandes können die Abmessungseigenschaften der Schlaufenbildung einzelner Filamente kontrolliert
werden, um die Überlagerung der Einzelfilamente herzustellen.
Dies führt zu einem gewissen Maß gegenseitiger Verschlingung und hinlänglicher Integrität beim resultierenden Bahnmaterial,
um die weitere Bearbeitung zu erleichtern, wie etwa das Verdichten des Bahnmaterials am Walzenspalt 40, das Bondieren
am Walzenspalt 42 und das Aufwickeln an der Stelle 44 des kohäsiyen Tuches.
Es wird nun auf die Fig. 2 und 3 übergegangen; die Kühlkammer 24 und der Düsenbereich 34 werden nun noch näher beschrieben.
Der Spinnkopf 10 kann eine herkömmliche Konstruktion aufweisen μηά derart angeordnet sein, daß er die Extrusion von Filamenten20
liefert, die einen Abstand von etwa 3,81 mm bis 14,22 mm aufweisen,
und bevorzugt 6,35 mm bis 7,62 mm, in einer oder mehreren Reihen mit gleichmäßigem Abstand angeordneter Öffnungen 46 über
die volle Breite der Maschine und in die Kühlkammer hinein. Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Mittellinie der
Kühlkammer gegenüber der Mittellinie des Spinnkopfs versetzt, um die "Ausbuchtung" der Filamente aufzunehmen, wenn Kühlströmungsmittel
hindurchströmt. Die Größe der Kühlkammer wird normalerweise lediglich groß genug sein, um die Berührung zwischen
den Filamenten und den Seiten zu vermeiden, und um eine
hinlängliche Abkühlung der Filamente zu erzielen. Unmittelbar nach der Extrusion durch die Düsenöffnungen findet eine Be-
130066/0741
schleunigung der Strangbewegung statt, infolge der Spannung in jedem Filament, die durch die aerodynamische Auszieheinrichtung
erzielt wird. Sie beginnen gleichzeitig infolge der Berührung mit dem Kühlströmungsmittel abzukühlen, welches durch
eine oder mehrere Siebe 25 hindurchgeführt wird, und zwar in einer Richtung vorzugsweise unter einem Winkel, der die Hauptgeschwindigkeitskomponente
in Richtung zum Düseneingang aufweist. Das Kühlströmungsmittel kann irgendeines aus einer weiten Vielfalt
von Gasen sein, wie dem Fachmann ersichtlich ist, aber aus Gründen der Wirtschaftlichkeit ist Luft bevorzugt. Das
Kühlströmungsmittel wird unter einer Temperatur im Bereich von etwa 4,4 bis 54,4 0C eingeleitet, um ein kontrolliertes Abkühlen
der Filamente zu liefern. Wie gezeigt und oben erörtert, wird der Filamentvorhang ein wenig gegenüber der vertikalen Bahn
durch die Querkraft aus der Kühlströmung versetzt. Die'Kühlzone kann derart ausgelegt sein, daß sie eine Vorkehrung für eine
derartige Bewegung liefert, und zwar durch Positionieren der Spinnplatte um mehrere Zentimeter aus der Mittellinie der Ausziehdüse
zur Kühlluftzufuhr hin.
Es ist erwünscht, eine-Versetzung vorzusehen, welche es den
Filamenten gestattet, in die Düse mit nur geringer oder keiner Berührung an der gekrümmten Eintrittsfläche einzulaufen. Der
Auspuffluftanteil, der an der Stelle 28 aus öffnungen 29 austritt,
ist sehr wesentlich, weil er es beeinflußt, wie rasch die Abkühlung der Filamente stattfindet. Ein höherer Strömungsdurchsatz an Auspuffströmungsmittel führt dazu, daß er mehr
durch die Filamente gezogen wird, was die Filamente rascher abkühlt und die Denierzahl der Filamente erhöht. Es wird erkannt
werden, daß, wenn die Filamente noch geschmolzen sind, wenn sie in die Ausziehdüse eintreten, die Einrichtung nicht zuverlässig
arbeiten wird, weil eine Verklebung an der Düse stattfinden wird. Die Länge der Abkühlkammer sollte ausreichen, daß die Abkühlung
der Filamente bis auf eine klebfreie Temperatur vor dem Eintritt in die Düse stattfindet. Eine Länge von 61 cm oder mehr ist be-
13006 67 0741
vqrzugt, weil dies eine geeignete Zeit zum Abkühlen einer
großen Anzahl von Filamenten bei hohen Produktionsraten ge-
£?tatt;et, ohne daß Luft mit niedriger Temperatur oder eine
hohe Auspuffströmung erforderlich sind. Es ist auch bevorzugt,
daß der Eintritt in die Düse, der durch die Seite 36 gebildet ist- an der Ecke 56 geglättet ist und unter einem Winkel A von
mindestens etwa 135° ausgebildet ist, um den Bruch von Filamenten su verringern. Eine gewisse Anordnung zum Einstellen
der Relativlagen der Seiten 34 und 36 ist vorzugsweise vorgesehen, wie etwa ein Kolben 35, der an der Stelle 37 an der
gelte 36 befestigt ist. Bei einem besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Einrichtung wie etwa Rippen 54 vorgesehen,
um zu verhindern, daß sich eine Zone mit turbulenter Verwirbelung bildet. Die Ausbildung, der Abstand und die Anzahl
derartiger Rippen hängt von Faktoren wie etwa der Kammerbreite und der Ausbuchtung der Filamente ab, aber sie werden im allgemeinen
4önn sein, beispielsweise weniger als 3,18 mm, und einen
Abstand von nicht mehr als 19,05 mm zueinander aufweisen, wobei
sie, die gesamte Ecke ausbilden, die durch die ausgebuchteten Filamente gebildet ist.
Es wird nun auf Fig. 4 übergegangen; die Ausziehdüse wird nun noch näher beschrieben. Die Filamente werden aus der Kühlkammer
in die enge Düse geleitet, wo die Ausziehkraft erzeugt wird. Der Strömungsmitteldruck in der Kühlzone liegt über dem Strömungsmitteldruck
am Ausgang aus der Düse, um die gewünschte Strömungsmittelgeschwindigkeit und das sich hieraus ergebende
Verstrecken der Filamente zu liefern. Die Strömungsmittelgeschwindigkeit durch die Düse ist in Kombination mit der Länge der
Düse derart gewählt, daß der gewünschte Grad der Verstreckung und die sich hieraus ergebenden Filamenteigenschaften erreicht
werden. Die Düse weist die volle Maschinenbreite auf und ist hinlänglich eng, um die benötigte Strömungsmittelgeschwindigkeit
für einen vorgegebenen Luft-Einströmungsdurchsatz zu lie-
130066/0741
fern. Die spezielle Düsenöffnung zwischen den Flächen 32 und 34, die gewählt ist, ist in Abhängigkeit von den gewünschten
Filamenteigenschaften und anderen gewählten bzw. vorgegebenen Punkten des Verfahrens abhängig, wird aber für gewöhnlich im
Bereich von etwa 3,18 mm bis 25,4 mm und vorzugsweise zwischen 6,35 mm und 19,05 mm liegen. Bei der Auslegung der nichteduktiven
Auszieheinrichtung der Erfindung kann die Auswahl der Länge der Ausziehdüse und der bevorzugten Düsenöffnung derart vorgenommen
werden, daß eine Ergänzung für den Lüfter oder Kompressor hergestellt wird, der zum Liefern der Luft verwendet wird.
Eine kurze Düse und eine große Düsenöffnung fordern die Verwendung eines Luftstroms mit verhältnismäßig hohem Volumen, im
ersten Fall, weil eine hohe Ausziehgeschwindigkeit erforderlich ist, und im zweiten Fall, weil die Querschnittsfläche groß
ist; der erforderliche Luftdruck ist jedoch verhältnismäßig niedrig. Andererseits liefert eine lange Düse eine größere
Filamentlänge, die der bewegenden Scherspannung aus der Ausziehluft
ausgesetzt ist, und entwickelt deshalb die erforderliche Kraft mit einer niedrigeren Luftgeschwindigkeit und macht somit
eine Luftströmung mit kleinerem Volumen, jedoch einen höheren Druck erforderlich, infolge des hohen ReibungsVerlustes in der
Düse.
In gleicher Weise verringert eine kleinere Düsenöffnung das
notwendige Volumen der Luftströmung, erhöht aber den erforderlichen Speisedruck infolge erhöhten Reibungsverlustes. Allgemein
ist der erforderliche Luftdruck niedriger als etwa 827 mbar und vorzugsweise niedriger als etwa 138 mbar, was ein nur geringer
Bruchteil jenes Drucks ist, der für eduktive Systeme erforderlich ist. Der wechselseitige Zusammenhang zwischen diesen
Faktoren ist in der Wissenschaft der Strömungsmechanik und dem Fachmann in der Technologie bekannt.
130066/0741
Am Austritt der Düse wird die Strömung eine freie Düsenströmung,
welche der turbulenten Diffusion der kinetischen Energie unterzogen ist. Die mittlere Geschwindigkeit nimmt ab und
innerhalb eines Abstands von etwa dem 20fachen der kleinen Abmessung der Düsenöffnung erreicht die Ausziehkraft Null und
die Spannung in den Filamenten wird aufgehoben, was es diesen gestattet, durch örtliche turbulente Wirbel aus der Bahn gebracht
zu werden. Dies führt zur Bildung unregelmäßiger Schlaufen im ausgebildeten Bahnmaterial und liefert hierbei ein
Maß körperlicher überlagerung, das zur Erzeugung einer integrierten
bzw. einteiligen Bahn erforderlich ist. Diese Schlaufenbildung
weist eine charakteristische Größe oder ein charak-teristisches Maß auf, welches durch die Düsenöffnung und den
Abstand zur düsenbildenden Oberfläche bestimmt ist. Bei einem bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiel der vorliegenden Erfindung weißen
die ßeiten 36 und 34, die die Düsenöffnung 32 bilden, eine
unterschiedliche Länge auf, wobei die eine soviel wie etwa 76#2 nun μηά bevorzugt 19,05 bis 31,75 mm langer ist als die
andere. Diese Anordnung fördert die regelmäßige und vorhersagbare Filament-Wellenbewegung in Querrichtung zur Maschine, was
die Verschlingung der Bahn fördert und kurzzeitige Unterbrechungen von Filamenten überdeckt, welche die Ausziehdüse verlassen.
In allen Fällen ist allerdings die Schlaufenbildung vollständig frei von großformatigen Komponenten, welche in Systemen vorherrschen,
die eine seitliche Ausbreitung von Filamenten zwischen der Vorrichtung zum Erzeugen der Ausziehkraft und dem
Formungsdraht bzw. -strang erforderlich machen, insbesondere beim Betrieb mit hohen Erzeugungsraten, beispielsweise 0,893 kg
pro cm Maschinenbreite und Stunde oder mehr. Filamente, die aus einer kleinen Düsenöffnung kommen, wie etwa einer solchen mit
3,18 mm, weisen eine Schlaufe hauptsächlich im Bereich von etwa 3,18 bis 6,35 mm in der Größe auf, sowie die größten:.Schlaufen
oder Abweichungen der Filamente von nur etwa 25,4 mm, wenn die Bahn bei einem Abstand von 381 mm von der Düse aufgenommen wird.
Andererseits liefert eine Düse von 12,7 mm Öffnungsweite größere
Schlaufen, und zwar hauptsächlich in der Größe von 6,35 bis
130066/0741
12,7 mm. Wenn die Formgebung dicht am Düsenauslaß stattfindet,
wie etwa bei einem Abstand von 152,4 mm, dann liegen die größten Abweichungen der Filamente nur in einer Größe von
etwa 12,7 mm. Auf zwei Weisen ist die Bildung kleiner Schlaufen der Filamente bei dieser Einrichtung wesentlich. Erstens
unterscheidet sich die Struktur der sich ergebenden Bahn inhärent von einer, bei welcher die großformatigen Schlaufen vorherrschen.
Der Unterschied ist insbesondere dann offensichtlich, wenn starke Aggregationen von Filamenten vorliegen, welche großformatigen
Schlaufen zugeordnet sind, so daß eine Veränderung in der räumlichen Verteilung des Grundgewichts nicht nur in der Größenordnung,
sondern auch in der Intensität groß ist- Mit nur kleinen Schlaufen und Abweichungen der Filamente liegen weniger Aggregationen
vor, um schwere Konzentrationen in der Bahn zu bilden, so daß die Intensität an Variationen sowie auch die Größe der
Variationen im Grundgewicht klein sind. Der zweite Vorzug kleiner Schlaufen liegt darin, daß der düsenfreie Abschnitt der
Formgebungstätigkeit tatsächlich keine Auswirkung auf die Gesamtverteilung des Grundgewichts quer zur Maschine aufweist, d. h.
die Kontrolle ruht in der Verteilung der Löcher in der Spinnplatte.
Dem Fachmann in der Wissenschaft der Strömungsmechanik ist es offensichtlich, daß Luft, die der Kühlkammer zugeführt wird,
nicht nur kühler als die Filamente sein muß, sondern auch im wesentlichen gleichförmig in der Verteilung, frei von sekundären
Kreisströmungen und niedrig in der Turbulenz. Idealerweise ist eine laminare Strömung aus der Kühlkammer in die Düse gewünscht,
um eine gleichförmige, konstante Verteilung der Filamente aufrechtzuerhalten. Zu diesem Zweck sind ein oder mehrere Siebe
bzw. Strömungsgleichrichter 25 am Kühlungseinlaß 26 bevorzugt vorgesehen. Die Strömung erfährt durch den unteren Teil der Kühl-
130066/0741
Kammer hindurch eine hohe Beschleunigung und ist deshalb nicht besonders anfällig für Instabilitäten, aber die ankommende Strömung
muß im wesentlichen frei von großformatigen Verwirbelungen oder Wirbeln sein. Die normale Entwicklung einer Turbulenz im
Inneren der Düse hat wegen ihres geringen Ausmaßes keine größere Auswirkμng auf die Filamente.
In Übereinstimmung mit dem vorangehenden ist es ersichtlich, daß Verfahren und Einrichtung der vorliegenden Erfindung weit
veränderlichen Betriebsbedingungen zugänglich sind und deshalb eine große Flexibilität liefern. Wegen der vollen Breite und
der verhältnismäßig großen öffnung der Düse weisen Einrichtung und Verfahren eine drastisch verringerte Neigung zur Verstopfung
auf und liefern eine automatische Reinigung bzw. Wiederaufnahme des Betriebs, wenn ein Filament bricht. Da das Verfahren verhältnismäßig
unempfindlich gegenüber Filamentbruch ist, ist es möglich^ Filamente zu verspinnen, welche mit Pigmenten und dgl.
frochbeladen sind, was gefärbte und durch Additive modifizierte Bahnen liefert. Schließlich sind Einrichtung und Verfahren durch
die Auslegung weder der Luftturbulenz in hohem Umfang noch den erratischen Bedingungen ausgesetzt, welche üblicherweise
beim Filamentausbreiten auftreten, mit dem Ergebnis, daß gleichförmigere
Bahnen mit attraktivem Aussehen und konsistenten physikalischen Eigenschaften erzielt werden können.
Die nachfolgenden, speziellen Ausführungsbeispiele sind erläuternd
für Vorgehensweise und Ergebnisse, die in Übereinstimmung mit der vorliegenden Erfindung erreicht werden. Sie wurden
auf einer Einrichtung durchgeführt, wie sie allgemein in den beigefügten Fig. 1 bis 4 dargestellt ist und Parameter
aufweistf wie sie in der Tabelle angegeben sind, eine Länge
des Kühlbereichs von 1,4224 m, eine Düsenlänge von 1,016 m,
und einen Kapillardurchsatz wie angezeigt.
130066/0741
In der Tabelle bedeutet die senkrechte Spalte
a) laufende Nummer des Beispiels
b) ankommender Schmelzestrom (Polypropylen)
c) verarbeiteter Schmelzestrom (Polypropylen)
d) Schmelzetemperatur (0C)
e) Düsenspalt (mm)
f) Kühlluft (m3/min pro cm)
g) Auspuffluft (m3/min pro cm)
h) Kühllufttemperatur (0C)
i) Durchsatz (g/Loch/min)
j) Druck in der Leitung (mmHg)
k) Denier
1) Zähigkeit
m) Längung
In Beispiel 4 wurde ein TiO2-Pigment bis zu einem Maß von
7,28 Gew.-% zugesetzt.
Im Beispiel 5 wurde Triton X-102 bis zu einem Maß von 0,8
Gew.-% zugesetzt.
Im Beispiel 27 war das verwendete Polymer Nylon
130066/0741
CMCMt-COCMCMCMCMt-t-CMCMCM T-CMT-CMCMCMT-COt-CMCMCMt- | |
H | ρ- cn co cm σι co τ— vor^cnvQCM^cocMoo^voccincocriT— troicfiin CMrOCMCMCMroCOrO-if^CMCMCMCMCMCMCMT-CMT-COt-r-COCMCMro |
cÖ'cMCMCMCMCMCOCMCMCMCMCMCMCMT-CMCMCnOCOCMOfOCMrOT-·^' | |
•η | 45,72 27,94 330,2 45,72 35,56 33,02 73,66 20,32 551,18 358,14 38,1 142,24 35,56 251,46 609,6 12,7 53,34 22,86 398,78 104,14 220,98 30,48 106,68 30,48 40,64 393,7 20,32 |
■Η | 0,77 0,69 0,53 0,82 0,75 0,70 0,77 0,56 0,90 0,71 0,77 0,48 0,70 0,93 0,52 0,56 0,60 2,68 0,28 0,66 0,71 2,94 0,75 0,70 0,66 0,57 0,95 |
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tn | 0,019 0,018 0,049 0,041 0,039 0,071 0,018 0,018 0,081 0,041 0,018 0 0 0,054 0,03 0 0,084 0,018 0,038 0,071 0,036 0,043 0,029 |
IM | ^i* σι τ— τ— t*~* co τ— οο ιη σι τ— τ-1 co co t*** ***ι* σ» cm vo cm cm cm σι r*^· inKtfT—^inin^incMr-incotn^co^F^inco^cMin^inincoin ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo |
9,525 0,525 1,5875 9,525 9,525 9,525 6,35 12,7 1,5875 1,5875 9,525 6,35 9,525 4,7625 3,175 12,7 9,525 12,7 3,175 6,35 3,175 9,525 6,35 9,525 9,525 9,525 9,525 |
|
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co T-cocoincM r-m cnvo^oom^^T-T— *" ro co" cm" οο r^" r^" cm cm γ-« σι co -ί co ο r^" cn ο" t-^ cm" -^" τ-^ co cn cm I t-t-t-t-CMt-t— ί— CO00T-T-T-CM^J1CMT-T-r--T-0OtnCMT-T— VO I |
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130066/0741
Schallpegelmessungen wurden unter Bedingungen vorgenommen, in welchen die Vorrichtung mit einem Düsenspalt von 6,35 mm
und voll offen betätigt wurde, mit einem Hintergrundgeräusch von 80 bis 90 dB. An einer Stelle 1,52 m über dem Boden zur
Ohrenhöhe der Bedienungsperson überschritt lediglich eine Ablesung, 30,48 cm unterhalb der Düsenöffnung vorgenommen
, mit einem Wert von 100,5 das Maß von 100 dB. Die übrigen Ablesungen lagen unter 90 dB.
In der Zusammenfassung erläutern die vorangehenden speziellen Beispiele die vorliegende Erfindung und ihren Betrieb. Bevorzugte
Ausführungsbeispiele umfassen die Ausbildung von Bahnen mit niedrigem Grundgewicht aus feinen Polypropylenfilamenten
von weniger als 5 Denier und Produktionsraten von mehr als 0,893 kg pro cm und Stunde; das Punktverkleben dieser Bahnen
zur Erzeugung eines nichtgewebten Materials, das nützlich für viele Verwendungsformen ist, welche umfassen:
1) Schichten bzw. Deckschichten für Hygieneprodukte,
2) Konfektion für begrenzten Gebrauch,
3) Stoffe für chirurgische Verwendung, und sogar
4) dauerhafte Waren.
Es ist somit ersichtlich, daß in Übereinstimmung mit der Erfindung
ein verbessertes Verfahren und eine verbesserte Einrichtung zur Bildung nichtgewebter Bahnmaterialien vorgesehen
wurden, welche die Ziele, Aufgaben und Vorzüge voll befriedigen, die oben aufgeführt wurden. Während die Erfindung im
Zusammenhang mit speziellen Ausführungsbeispielen hiervon
130066/0741
31Π737
beschrieben wurde, ist es ersichtlich, daß zahlreiche Alternativen,Abwandlungen und Abänderungen dem Fachmann
im Lichte der vorangehenden Beschreibung offensichtlich sind. Dementsprechend ist es beabsichtigt, alle derartigen
Alternativen, Abwandlungen und Abänderungen zu umspannen, soweit sie in den Gedanken und den breiten Umfang der Erfindung
fallen.
13 0066/0741
Claims (1)
- PATENTANWALTSREPRESENTATIVES 13SFORr THE EUROPEAN RATL-isiT OFFICECN PL-INGH. KINKEUDEYDR INCiW. STOCKMAIROR ■ ING - A»E (CALTECH)K. SCHUMANNCJR Pf fl NAT DPUPHYSP. H. JAKOBOiPL INGG. BEZOLDCBWRMAT OPl-CHEMKIMBERLY-CLAEK CORPORATION
Neenah, Wisconsin 54-956
USA8 MÜNCHEN 22MAX1MILIANSTRASSB 43P 16 204-dg 5- Mai 1981Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Bilden einer
nichtgewebten Bahn aus FilamentenAnsprüche1. Einrichtung zum Bilden einer nichtgewebten Bahn aus einem fließfähigen Material, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden
Merkmale:a) ein Spinnkopf (22) mit einer Kapillaranordnung, welcher eine oder mehrere Reihen von mit engem Abstand angeordneten Filamenten (20) aus den fließfähigen Materialien bildet,•130066/0741TELEFON (O89) 3238 62TELEX O5-2O 3BOTELEGRAMME MONAPATb) eine Kühlkammer (24) , die eine ununterbrochene, sich über die Maschinenbreite erstreckende öffnung aufweist, deren Abmessungen und Ausbildung derart gewählt sind, daß im wesentlichen die Berührung zwischen den Filamenten und der Oberfläche der Kühlkammer vermieden wird, sowie ein Volumen, das ausreicht, um die Verfestigung der Filamente innerhalb der Kühlkammer zu ermöglichen,c) eine Quelle für Niederdruck-Kühlströmungsmittel mit einer Temperatur, die kalter ist als jene der Filamente,d) ein Einlaß (26) in der Kühlkammer zum Einleiten des Kühlströmungsmittels an der einen Seite der Filamente und zum Leiten des Strömungsmittels durch die Filamente, um die Kühlung der Filamente zu veranlassen,e) eine Düse (32) mit einer ununterbrochenen, sich über die Maschinenbreite erstreckenden öffnung, in zusammenwirkendem Eingriff mit der Kühlkammer zur Aufnahme der gekühlten Filamente und des Kühlströmungsmittels, sowie mit Abmessungen, um eine Geschwindigkeit für das Kühlstromungsmittel· im Bereich von etwa 46 bis 244 m/s zum Verstrecken bzw. Ausziehen der Filamente zu erzeugen, undf) eine Einrichtung (38) zum Aufnehmen der Filamente als eine Bahn verfitzter Filamente.2. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlkammer (24) eine Auspufföffnung (28) an jener Seifce der Filamente (20) aufweist, welche vom Einlaß (26) für das Kühlstromungsmittel abgewandt ist.3. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Einlaß der Düse (32) durch eine Seite(36) gebildet ist, welche eine glatte Kante (56) unter einem Winkel (A) von mindestens 135° aufweist.130066/07414. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düse (32) eine Seite (36) aufweist, welche bezüglich der anderen (34) beweglich ist, um die Abmessungen der Düsenöffnung zu ändern.5. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kühlkammer (24) eine Einrichtung (54) zum Verringern der Turbulenz des Kühlströmungsmittels in den Ecken der Kammer aufweist.6. Einrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die die Turbulenz verringernde Einrichtung Rippen (54) umfaßt.7. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, gekennzeichnet durch eine Einrichtung (25) zum Kontrollieren der Turbulenz im Kühlströmungsmittel vor der Berührung mit den Filamenten (20).8. Einrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Düsenseiten (34, 36), welche die Austrittsöffnung bilden, unterschiedliche Länge aufweisen, wobei die eine (34) um bis zu 76,2 mm länger ist als die andere (36), und daß die Einrichtung (38) zum Aufnehmen der Filamente (20) um mindestens einen Abstand zur Düse (32) angeordnet ist, welcher das 2Ofache der kleineren Abmessung der Düsenöffnung beträgt.9. Verfahren zur Bildung einer nichtgewebten Bahn, gekennzeichnet durch die folgenden Schritte:a) Bilden einer oder mehrerer Reihen mit engem Abstand angeordneter Filamente (20) durch Ausspinnen eines fließfähigen Materials,130066/0741b) Lenken der gesponnenen Filamente durch eine Kühlkammer (24),c) Herstellen einer Berührung der Filamente mit einem Niederdruck-Kühlst römungsmittel bei einer Temperatur, die kühler ist als jene der Filamente, innerhalb der Kühlkammer, um im wesentlichen nichtklebrige Filamente zu erzeugen, während man die Verteilung der Filamente quer über die Maschine im wesentlichen konstant hält,d) Ausziehen bzw. Verstrecken der Filamente in einer Düse(32) durch im wesentlichen gleichförmige Beschleunigung des Kühlströmungsmittels zu einer gleichförmigen hohen Geschwindigkeit in der Düse, unde) Aufnehmen der Filamente als Bahn miteinander verfitzter Filamente.10. Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man einen Teil des Kühlströmungsmittels an einem Punkt auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite der Filamente (20) gegenüber jenem Punkt ausbläst, an welchem die Berührung zwischen dem Kühlströmungsmittel und den Filamenten zuerst stattfindet.11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 oder 10, gekennzeiqhnet durch den Verfahrensschritt der Bildung von FiIamentschlaufen kleiner Größe durch die Aufnahme bei einem Abstand zürn Auslaß der Düse (32), welcher gleich ist mindestens dem 20fachen der kleineren Abmessung der Düsenöffnung.1£. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kühlströmungsmittel Luft mit einer Temperatur im Bereich von etwa 4,4 bis 54,4 0C ist, sowie mit130066/0741einem Strömungsdurchsatz von etwa 0,223 bis 0,892 m3/min pro cm Maschinenbreite.13. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das fließfähige Material ein thermoplastisches Polymer ist.14. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 13, gekennzeichnet durch den Verfahrensschritt der Einstellung der Größe der Düsenöffnung durch Bewegen der einen Düsenseitenfläche (34, 36) bezüglich der anderen (36, 34).15. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 10 bis 14, gekennzeichnet durch die Steuerung der Filament-Denierzahl durch Einstellung der Menge an Auspuff-Kühlströmungsmittel.16. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 15, gekennzeichnet durch den Schritt der Steuerung des Verfitzungsgrades der Filamente (20) im Bahnmaterial dadurch, daß man eine Oberfläche(34) des Düsenaustritts länger als die gegenüberliegende Oberfläche (36) des Düsenaustritts ausbildet.130066/0741
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/146,450 US4340563A (en) | 1980-05-05 | 1980-05-05 | Method for forming nonwoven webs |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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DE3117737A1 true DE3117737A1 (de) | 1982-02-11 |
DE3117737C2 DE3117737C2 (de) | 1992-03-19 |
Family
ID=22517415
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
DE19813117737 Granted DE3117737A1 (de) | 1980-05-05 | 1981-05-05 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum bilden einer nichtgewebten bahn aus filamenten |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4340563A (de) |
JP (1) | JPS5735053A (de) |
KR (1) | KR840000196B1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU536472B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR8102691A (de) |
CA (1) | CA1160412A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3117737A1 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2481719A1 (de) |
GB (1) | GB2077181B (de) |
IT (1) | IT1170940B (de) |
MX (1) | MX152986A (de) |
NL (1) | NL191892C (de) |
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- 1981-05-02 KR KR1019810001522A patent/KR840000196B1/ko active
- 1981-05-04 IT IT48387/81A patent/IT1170940B/it active
- 1981-05-05 FR FR8108922A patent/FR2481719A1/fr active Granted
- 1981-05-05 DE DE19813117737 patent/DE3117737A1/de active Granted
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3117737C2 (de) | 1992-03-19 |
JPS646305B2 (de) | 1989-02-02 |
MX152986A (es) | 1986-07-14 |
NL191892B (nl) | 1996-06-03 |
CA1160412A (en) | 1984-01-17 |
AU536472B2 (en) | 1984-05-10 |
GB2077181B (en) | 1983-09-28 |
IT8148387A0 (it) | 1981-05-04 |
NL8102208A (nl) | 1981-12-01 |
BR8102691A (pt) | 1982-01-26 |
GB2077181A (en) | 1981-12-16 |
FR2481719B1 (de) | 1983-05-06 |
JPS5735053A (en) | 1982-02-25 |
US4340563A (en) | 1982-07-20 |
KR830006510A (ko) | 1983-09-28 |
IT1170940B (it) | 1987-06-03 |
FR2481719A1 (fr) | 1981-11-06 |
AU7014081A (en) | 1981-11-12 |
KR840000196B1 (ko) | 1984-02-28 |
NL191892C (nl) | 1996-10-04 |
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