KR100403875B1 - 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 - Google Patents
내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 Download PDFInfo
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- KR100403875B1 KR100403875B1 KR10-2000-7013849A KR20007013849A KR100403875B1 KR 100403875 B1 KR100403875 B1 KR 100403875B1 KR 20007013849 A KR20007013849 A KR 20007013849A KR 100403875 B1 KR100403875 B1 KR 100403875B1
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- nox
- fuel ratio
- air
- exhaust
- lean
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
- F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F01N9/005—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus using models instead of sensors to determine operating characteristics of exhaust systems, e.g. calculating catalyst temperature instead of measuring it directly
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
- F01N13/0093—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are of the same type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/0807—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents
- F01N3/0828—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by using absorbents or adsorbents characterised by the absorbed or adsorbed substances
- F01N3/0842—Nitrogen oxides
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
- F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
- F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
- F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
- F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
- F02D41/0275—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a NOx trap or adsorbent
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
- F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
- F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
- F02D41/40—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type with means for controlling injection timing or duration
- F02D41/402—Multiple injections
- F02D41/405—Multiple injections with post injections
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
- F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D2250/00—Engine control related to specific problems or objectives
- F02D2250/36—Control for minimising NOx emissions
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
- F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
- F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
- F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
- F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
- F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
- F02D41/1456—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio with sensor output signal being linear or quasi-linear with the concentration of oxygen
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/40—Engine management systems
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
- Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims (11)
- 내연 기관의 배기 통로에 설치되어 배기 공연비가 린(lean) 공연비일 때 배기 가스 중의 NOx를 정화 또는 흡장하는 NOx 저감 기능과, 배기 공연비가 이론 공연비 또는 리치(rich) 공연비일 때 배기 가스 중의 유해 물질을 환원하는 환원 기능을 갖는 배기 정화 촉매 장치와, 대기 중으로 방출되는 NOx 농도를 검출 또는 추정하는 NOx 검지 수단과, 상기 NOx 검지 수단의 출력에 기초하여 차량의 주행 기간 계측 이후의 대기 중으로 방출되는 NOx 배출량을 수시 적산하여 총 NOx 배출량을 연산하여 차량이 소정 주행 기간에 도달하기 전에 상기 총 NOx 배출량이 소정치를 초과하는 것이 검출 또는 예측되는 경우 린 공연비에서의 운전을 중지 또는 억제하는 제어 수단을 구비한 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 차량이 상기 소정 주행 기간에 도달하기 전에 상기 총 NOx 배출량이 상기 소정치를 초과한 것이 검출된 경우, 배기 공연비를 이론 공연비 또는 리치 공연비로 변경하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 2 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 차량이 상기 소정 주행 기간에 도달하기 전에 상기 총 NOx 배출량이 상기 소정치를 초과한 것을 검출하여 배기 공연비를 이론 공연비 또는 리치 공연비로 변경한 후, 차량이 상기 소정 주행 기간에 도달하기까지는 배기 공연비를 이론 공연비 또는 리치 공연비로 유지하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 차량이 상기 소정 주행 기간에 도달하기 전에 상기 총 NOx 배출량이 상기 소정치를 초과할 것으로 예측되는 경우, 린 공연비에서의 운전 영역을 감소시키는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 4 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 상기 소정 주행 기간의 도중 경과 시점에서의 상기 총 NOx 배출량에 기초하여 린 공연비에서의 운전 영역을 변경하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 차량이 상기 소정 주행 기간에 도달하면, 상기 총 NOx 배출량의 연산 및 상기 소정 주행 기간의 계측을 리셋하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 차량이 상기 소정 주행 기간에 도달하여도, 상기 총 NOx 배출량이 상기 소정치를 초과하지 않은 경우는, 상기 총 NOx 배출량이 상기 소정치를 초과하고 나서 배기 공연비를 이론 공연비 또는 리치 공연비로 변경하고, 그 후에 상기 총 NOx 배출량의 연산 및 상기 소정 주행 기간의 계측을 리셋하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 린 공연비에서의 운전 계속 시간이 소정의 한계 시간을 초과하는 경우, 배기 공연비를 이론 공연비 또는 리치 공연비로 변경하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 린 공연비에서의 운전 계속 시간이 소정의 한계 시간 이상이며, 또한, 그 사이에 상기 총 NOx 배출량 또는 평균 NOx 농도 또는 순간 NOx 농도가 소정치 이상인 경우, 배기 공연비를 이론 공연비 또는 리치 공연비로 변경하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 상기 제어 수단은 상기 총 NOx 배출량에 대한 상기 소정값을 차속에 따라서 변경하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
- 제 1 항에 있어서, 운전자의 가속 조작에 맞추어 이론 공연비 또는 리치 공연비로 변경함과 함께, 공연비 변경 초기에 팽창 행정 이후에서의 실린더 내로의 연료 분사를 병용하는 것을 특징으로 하는 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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JP9847599 | 1999-04-06 | ||
JP99-98475 | 1999-04-06 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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KR20010052626A KR20010052626A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
KR100403875B1 true KR100403875B1 (ko) | 2003-11-01 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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KR10-2000-7013849A KR100403875B1 (ko) | 1999-04-06 | 2000-03-30 | 내연 기관의 배기 정화 장치 |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6487851B1 (ko) |
EP (1) | EP1087119B1 (ko) |
JP (1) | JP3399466B2 (ko) |
KR (1) | KR100403875B1 (ko) |
DE (1) | DE60014816T2 (ko) |
WO (1) | WO2000060229A1 (ko) |
Families Citing this family (30)
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US6360530B1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2002-03-26 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method and apparatus for measuring lean-burn engine emissions |
US6487850B1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2002-12-03 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Method for improved engine control |
KR100405689B1 (ko) * | 2001-03-13 | 2003-11-14 | 기아자동차주식회사 | 엔오엑스 센서를 이용한 배기 가스 저감장치 및 그 방법 |
JP3632614B2 (ja) * | 2001-05-11 | 2005-03-23 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2003148198A (ja) * | 2001-11-13 | 2003-05-21 | Toyota Motor Corp | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP3788350B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-07 | 2006-06-21 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
JP2003206785A (ja) * | 2002-01-18 | 2003-07-25 | Hitachi Ltd | エンジンの制御方法及び制御装置 |
DE10202521A1 (de) * | 2002-01-24 | 2003-09-04 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum abgasnormkonformen Betreiben von NO¶x¶-Speicherkatalysatoren und zur Alterungsdiagnose derselben |
DE10241497B3 (de) * | 2002-09-07 | 2004-04-22 | Audi Ag | Verfahren zur Steuerung des Magerbetriebs einer einen Stickoxid-Speicherkatalysator aufweisenden Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere eines Kraftfahrzeuges |
JP3744483B2 (ja) * | 2002-10-21 | 2006-02-08 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 内燃機関の排気浄化装置 |
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DE10318210B4 (de) * | 2003-04-22 | 2006-06-14 | Siemens Ag | Betriebsverfahren für eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Vorkatalysator und einem Speicherkatalysator |
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- 2000-03-30 WO PCT/JP2000/001990 patent/WO2000060229A1/ja active IP Right Grant
- 2000-03-30 EP EP00912948A patent/EP1087119B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-30 DE DE60014816T patent/DE60014816T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-30 JP JP2000609699A patent/JP3399466B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-30 US US09/701,972 patent/US6487851B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-03-30 KR KR10-2000-7013849A patent/KR100403875B1/ko active IP Right Grant
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JPS61234254A (ja) * | 1985-04-09 | 1986-10-18 | Nippon Denso Co Ltd | 電子式内燃機関制御装置 |
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EP1087119A4 (en) | 2003-04-02 |
WO2000060229A1 (fr) | 2000-10-12 |
KR20010052626A (ko) | 2001-06-25 |
DE60014816T2 (de) | 2006-03-09 |
DE60014816D1 (de) | 2004-11-18 |
JP3399466B2 (ja) | 2003-04-21 |
EP1087119A1 (en) | 2001-03-28 |
US6487851B1 (en) | 2002-12-03 |
EP1087119B1 (en) | 2004-10-13 |
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