JP5558752B2 - 電力変換装置 - Google Patents
電力変換装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5558752B2 JP5558752B2 JP2009178118A JP2009178118A JP5558752B2 JP 5558752 B2 JP5558752 B2 JP 5558752B2 JP 2009178118 A JP2009178118 A JP 2009178118A JP 2009178118 A JP2009178118 A JP 2009178118A JP 5558752 B2 JP5558752 B2 JP 5558752B2
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/20—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles for control of the vehicle or its driving motor to achieve a desired performance, e.g. speed, torque, programmed variation of speed
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
- B60L15/025—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using field orientation; Vector control; Direct Torque Control [DTC]
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- B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
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- B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
- B60L15/02—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit
- B60L15/08—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles characterised by the form of the current used in the control circuit using pulses
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- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
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- H02M7/539—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using dc to ac converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
- H02P6/085—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor in a bridge configuration
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/10—Arrangements for controlling torque ripple, e.g. providing reduced torque ripple
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- B60L2200/26—Rail vehicles
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- B60L2210/00—Converter types
- B60L2210/40—DC to AC converters
- B60L2210/42—Voltage source inverters
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- B60L2270/00—Problem solutions or means not otherwise provided for
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- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
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- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/44—Circuits or arrangements for compensating for electromagnetic interference in converters or inverters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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- Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
- Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Transportation (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
- Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)
- Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
Description
δ=atan(Vd*/Vq*) ・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・(1)
a=(√(Vd^2+Vq^2))/Vdc・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・(2)
θv=δ+θe・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・・(3)
110 電動車両
112 前輪
114 前輪車軸
116 前輪側ディファレンシャルギア(前輪側DEF)
118 変速機
120 エンジン
122 動力分割機構
136 バッテリ
136 バッテリ
138 直流コネクタ
200 電力変換装置
140 電力変換装置
142 電力変換装置
144 電力変換装置回路
150 上下アーム直列回路
153 コレクタ電極
154 ゲート電極
155 エミッタ電極
156 ダイオード
157 正極端子(P端子)
158 負極端子(N端子)
159 交流端子
163 コレクタ電極
164 ゲート電極
165 エミッタ電極
166 ダイオ−ド
169 中間電極
170 制御部
172 制御回路
174 ドライバ回路
186 交流電力線
180 電流センサ
188 交流コネクタ
192 モータジェネレータ
193 回転磁極センサ
194 モータジェネレータ
195 補機用のモータ
314 直流正極端子
316 直流負極端子
328 IGBT
330 IGBT
410 トルク指令・電流指令変換器
420 電流制御器(ACR)
430 パルス変調器
431 電圧位相差演算器
432 変調度演算器
433 加算器
434 パルス発生器
435 位相検索器
436 タイマカウンタ比較器
440 位置・回転数変換器
450 3相・2相変換器
500 コンデンサモジュール
801 変調度の入力要素
802 位相の入力要素
803 制御区間の位相演算要素
804 ROM検索要素
805 スイッチ位相出力要素
806 タイマカウンタ比較要素
807 パルス信号出力要素
820 パルスパターン演算および位相カウンタ比較要素
821 消去する高調波の次数の入力要素
822 行列演算要素
823 パルス基準角度出力要素
824 三角波比較要素
825 線間電圧出力要素
826 線間電圧→ゲートパルス変換要素
Claims (12)
- 上アームあるいは下アームとして動作する複数のスイッチング素子を有し、直流電力を受けてモータを運転するための交流電力を発生するインバータ回路と、
モータを運転するためのトルク指令を受け、前記複数のスイッチング素子を制御するための制御信号を発生する制御回路と、
前記制御回路からの制御信号に基づき前記複数のスイッチング素子を駆動する駆動回路と、を有し、
前記インバータ回路は、前記スイッチング素子で構成される上アームと下アームの直列回路をU相、V相およびW相に対応して有していて、さらに前記U相、V相およびW相の直列回路は、前記モータに前記交流電力を供給するU相、V相およびW相の交流電力線に対してそれぞれ接続されており、
前記制御回路は、受け取った前記モータのトルク指令に基づき、前記モータを運転するための交流電圧の電気角に対応付けて前記複数のスイッチング素子を導通するための制御信号を発生し、
前記制御回路は、前記U相、V相およびW相の交流電力線のいずれか1相の交流電力線と、前記いずれか1相の交流電力線とは異なるいずれか1相の交流電力線との電位差である線間電圧のスペクトル分布が基本波に対する所定の除去すべき高調波成分を含まないように、パルス基準角度を算出し、
前記線間電圧が前記モータに供給される際において、前記駆動回路は、前記線間電圧の電圧パルスにおける立ち上り位置と立ち下り位置の中心にあたる位置の電気角が前記パルス基準角度となるように、前記U相、V相およびW相に対応した前記スイッチング素子を駆動することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1に記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路は、前記パルス基準角度を中心として、前記線間電圧の前記電圧パルスのパルス幅を増減させることで、前記線間電圧の変調度を制御することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載のいずれかの電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路は、前記V相の交流電力線に対する前記U相の交流電力線の線間電圧と、前記W相の交流電力線に対する前記V相の交流電力線の線間電圧と、前記U相の交流電力線に対する前記W相の交流電力線の線間電圧と、の電圧パルスのON/OFFの組み合わせに応じて、前記U相、V相およびW相に対応した前記スイッチング素子を制御する前記制御信号のパルスを算出することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1乃至3のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路は、モータの回転情報を受け、受け取った前記トルク指令と前記モータの回転情報とに基づいて、前記制御信号を発生することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記交流電圧の電気角の180度を中心として前記線間電圧のパターンが点対称となるように、前記制御回路は前記スイッチング素子を制御することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1乃至5のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記交流電圧の電気角の90度を中心として前記線間電圧のパターンが線対称となるように、前記制御回路は前記スイッチング素子を制御することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記インバータ回路から前記モータに供給される電流を検出する電流センサがさらに設けられており、
前記制御回路は、前記トルク指令および前記電流センサにより検出された電流値に基づいて前記制御信号を発生することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路は、前記交流電圧の電気角に対応付けられた前記スイッチング素子の導通情報が記憶されたメモリを有し、
前記制御回路は、前記メモリから前記スイッチング素子の導通情報を読み出し、読み出された導通情報に基づいて前記制御信号を発生することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路は、前記トルク指令の値が増加した場合、前記線間電圧の前記電圧パルスのパルス幅を増加させる制御信号を発生することを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1乃至9のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置であって、
平滑コンデンサモジュールをさらに備え、
前記インバータ回路および前記平滑用コンデンサモジュールは、筐体に内蔵されることを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項10に記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路および前記駆動回路は、前記筐体に内蔵されることを特徴とする電力変換装置。 - 請求項1乃至11のいずれかに記載の電力変換装置であって、
前記制御回路は、前記インバータ回路のU相、V相およびW相の全ての前記上アーム、または全ての前記下アームを導通させる第1の期間と、前記U相、V相およびW相のうち1相の前記上アームまたは下アームを導通させ、前記1相とは異なる他の2相であって、前記1相で導通させるアームとは異なる他のアームを導通させる第2の期間とが交互に存在するように、前記スイッチング素子の動作を制御することを特徴とする電力変換装置。
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