JP3948634B2 - Coated diamond sintered body and manufacturing method thereof - Google Patents

Coated diamond sintered body and manufacturing method thereof Download PDF

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JP3948634B2
JP3948634B2 JP21927393A JP21927393A JP3948634B2 JP 3948634 B2 JP3948634 B2 JP 3948634B2 JP 21927393 A JP21927393 A JP 21927393A JP 21927393 A JP21927393 A JP 21927393A JP 3948634 B2 JP3948634 B2 JP 3948634B2
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particles
coating
core particle
dispersion
particle powder
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JPH0753261A (en
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晴男 吉田
正市 粂
幸良 山田
正 冬木
聡 秋山
美明 濱田
英輔 黒田
忠克 鍋谷
幸雄 隅田
健一 木村
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Read Co Ltd
Nisshin Seifun Group Inc
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Read Co Ltd
Nisshin Seifun Group Inc
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Priority to JP21927393A priority Critical patent/JP3948634B2/en
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【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、微粒子からなる均一で、緻密で且つ強固に焼結された微組織が高度に制御された高性能なダイヤモンド焼結体及びその製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
ダイヤモンドは強い共有結合性に基づき、多くの非常に優れた性質を有するが、反面、その共有結合性に起因して、自己拡散係数が非常に小さいために極めて難焼結性であり、しかもダイヤモンドは熱力学的には超高圧力下でのみ安定で、高温下では圧力が不十分な場合には黒鉛に相移転するという問題もあるため結合材や焼結助剤が無添加では、約2440Kという非常に高い温度と同時に、約8500 MPaの超高圧力を作用させなければ強固に焼結することが出来ない。しかし、このような焼結条件は極めて苛酷なもので、工業的に高密度なダイヤモンド焼結体を製造する目的には不適当である。従って、高密度なダイヤモンド焼結体を製造するためには、工業的に適用可能な条件で焼結する必要があり、そのためには結合材及び/又は焼結助剤の添加が不可欠である。
特に近年、高密度なダイヤモンド焼結体の高性能化が望まれており、そのためにダイヤモンド粉体粒子が、例えば10μm以下の微粒子からなるダイヤモンド粉体粒子を原料とし、これを焼結して高密度なダイヤモンド焼結体とすることが求められている。
【0003】
従来、主に結合材及び/又は焼結助剤を粉体状で添加する方法によりダイヤモンド焼結体が製造されてきた。この場合、結合材及び/又は焼結助剤が微細であっても理想的な均一な添加、即ち個々のダイヤモンド粉体粒子にむらなく行き渡る均一な分散は極めて困難である。仮にこの均一な分散が実現されたとしても、結合材及び/又は焼結助剤を粒子単位で添加するために、均一の意味にも限界がある。特に結合材や焼結助剤の添加量が少ない場合、焼結体中に結合材や焼結助剤が存在しない部分が必然的にできることになる。
現実には、多くの場合、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子や結合材及び/又は焼結助剤の粒子が凝集して焼結体中に塊状に存在したり、或は焼結体中で偏在する。このため、特にダイヤモンド粒子が凝集して存在する部分では、結合材や焼結助剤無添加と同じこととなり局部的に未焼結で残る。また、結合材及び/又は焼結助剤が凝集して存在する部分では微視的にダイヤモンド粒子が焼結体中に存在しない部分ができ、何れもでき上ったダイヤモンド焼結体の性能を著しく低下させる欠陥となる。
従って、上記欠陥のない、高性能なダイヤモンドの焼結体を製造するために、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子一個一個に確実に結合材及び/又は焼結助剤を分布させる必要があり、そのために、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子一個一個に結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆法により均一に被覆した被覆ダイヤモンド粉体粒子による高性能なダイヤモンド焼結体を製造することが強く望まれている。
【0004】
被覆法としては気相法、湿式メッキ法など種々の方法があるが、中でも気相法は、原理的に、(1)雰囲気の制御が容易である、(2)基本的に結合材及び/又は焼結助剤としての物質の選択に制限がなく、活性金属を始めとする金属単体物質、窒化物、炭化物、硼化物、酸化物など、いろいろな種類の物質を被覆できる、(3)結合材及び/又は焼結助剤として目的物質を高純度に被覆できる、(4)結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質の被覆量を任意に制御できるなど、他の被覆法では成し得ない大きな利点がある。
しかし気相法による結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質の、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子への被覆は、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子が微粒子である場合又は主に微粒子からなる粒子である場合に個々のダイヤモンド粉体粒子への被覆は、以下の理由により不可能であった。
【0005】
即ち、被覆されるべきダイヤモンド粉体粒子が、微粒子である場合の、この被覆されるべき芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子は、粉体粒子同士の付着力が強いため凝集性が高く、殆どの単一粒子が凝集体を形成している。そしてこの凝集体は、その凝集力を上回る特別な作用を加えない限り崩し壊すことができないために凝集体をそのままで被覆しても、一個一個の粒子表面への結合材及び/又は焼結助剤による被覆は不可能で、結局凝集体の表面が結合材及び/又は焼結助剤で被覆された被覆凝集体が生成することになる。
これにより凝集体を形成する個々のダイヤモンド粒子は、凝集体表面に位置する粒子では粒子表面は被覆量は多いものの被覆むらが生じたり、凝集体内部に位置する粒子では全く被覆されないという問題があった。
【0006】
上記の問題を解決しようとして、被覆されるべきダイヤモンド芯粒子粉体粒子が微粒子である場合のこの被覆されるべき芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の個々の粒子を被覆する目的で粒子を分散させて被覆する試みは既にあった。
例えば、特開昭58−31076号公報に開示されている装置・方法によれば、PVD装置内に設置された容器の中に芯粒子粉体の粒子を入れ、容器を電磁気的な方法により振動させ、前記容器内の芯粒子を転動させながらPVD法により被覆する。又、特開昭61−30663号公報に開示されている装置によれば、PVD装置内に設置された容器の中に芯粒子粉体の粒子を入れ、容器を機械的な方法により振動させ、前記容器内の芯粒子を転動させながらPVD法により被覆するとされている。しかし、これらの容器の振動により芯粒子粉体の粒子を転動させながら被覆する装置或いは方法では、実際には、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であるダイヤモンド粉体粒子の凝集体を崩すのに要する凝集力を上回る作用を加えることができないため、凝集体を崩すことができずむしろ造粒作用が働き、容器内に導入する前以上に、より多く、或いはより大きな凝集体を形成するだけであった。
【0007】
特開平3−153864号公報に開示されている装置及び方法は、内面に障壁及び/又は凹凸を備えた回転容器内に粒子を入れ、この回転容器を回転させながら蒸着法により芯粒子表面に被覆を行うことを目的とするものであるが、このような装置或いは方法においては、微粒子の芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であるダイヤモンド粉体粒子の凝集体を崩すのに要する凝集力を上回る作用を加えることができないため、凝集体を壊すことができないばかりか、より多く、或いはより大きな凝集体を形成するだけであった。
特開昭58−141375号公報には、反応ガス雰囲気中に置かれた粉体を反応ガスの流れと重力の作用とによって浮遊させて、反応ガスの化学反応により生成される析出物質によって粉体の表面を被覆する装置が開示されている。又、特開平2−43377号公報には、微粒子を減圧下において流動化させながら、熱化学反応処理を行い被覆を行う方法が開示されている。これらの気流による流動層を利用する装置或いは方法では、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であるダイヤモンド粉体粒子の一個一個を流動化させることが事実上不可能でダイヤモンド粉体粒子の凝集体を崩せなかった。
【0008】
特開昭54−153789号公報には、金属の蒸気を発生させた真空容器内を粉末材料を落下させ金属を被覆する装置が開示されている。又、特開昭60−47004号公報には真空槽中の高周波プラズマ領域にモノマーガスと粉体粒子を導入し、プラズマ重合により有機物の被覆膜を形成させる方法が開示されている。これらの装置或いは方法の如く、単に導入するだけでは微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であるダイヤモンド粉体粒子の凝集体を壊せなかった。
特開昭64−80437号公報には、低・高周波合成音波により芯粒子粉体の凝集体を崩して流動化させ被覆する方法が開示されている。しかし、流動層に振動を与えるこの方法では、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であるダイヤモンド粉体粒子の凝集体を崩せなかった。
特開昭62−250172号公報には、前処理として、ジェットミル処理した粉体を、減圧加熱処理室に滞留させ、ここで加熱処理を施した後、粉体フィーダーでスパッタリング室に自然落下で導入し、ターゲットを垂直に設けた円筒状のスパッタリング室に自然落下させて被覆する装置及び方法が開示されている。又特開平2−153068号公報には、前処理としてジェットミル処理した粉体を、減圧加熱処理室で滞留させ、ここで加熱処理を施した後、粉体フィーダーでスパッタリング室のスパッタリング源を納めた回転容器に粉体状で導入し、容器を回転さた状態でスパッタリングする装置及び方法が開示されている。これらの装置では、ジェットミル処理によりその時だけ粉体は一時的に分散されるが、被覆前の加熱工程で、この粉体を滞留させる構造であり、そのような方法のため、仮にジェットミル処理で一時的に一次粒子状態に分散しても加熱工程でのこの粉体の滞留のため再凝集し、結局、被覆工程に導入される時には凝集したままである。
【0009】
以上のように、これまでのものでは、いずれも微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であるダイヤモンド粉体粒子に被覆する装置或いは方法としての問題解決はなされておらず、そのため、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子一個一個に結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆形成物質として気相被覆法により均一に被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粉体粒子が作製できなかった。
【0010】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、現実に、被覆されるべきダイヤモンド粉体粒子であって、10μm以下の平均粒子径の粒子である、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を単一粒子単位で、結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆形成物質として被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粉体粒子による高性能なダイヤモンド焼結体及びその製造方法の解明が強く求められている。
本発明は、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体粒子であるダイヤモンド粉体粒子へ単一粒子単位に、結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子による、均一で、緻密で、且つ強固に焼結された、微組織が高度に制御された高性能なダイヤモンド焼結体及びその製造法を提供することを目的とする。
【0011】
【課題を解決するための手段】
前記課題を解決するために、本発明者が鋭意研究を重ねた結果、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体がダイヤモンド粉体の粒子であるダイヤモンド粉体粒子へ単一粒子単位に結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆形成物質として被覆するためには、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上である高い分散状態の被覆空間の被覆開始領域で、被覆を開始しなければならないことを見い出した。
【0012】
より詳しくは、(I)ダイヤモンド粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の状態に分散させたこの芯粒子粉体の粒子は、滞留させなくとも、時間の経過と共にブラウン凝集、乱流凝集、音波凝集等により再凝集する傾向にあり、一旦再凝集すると、特別に高い分散性能を有する分散処理手段により分散させなければ、再凝集の状態を崩して再分散させることが困難であり、このため、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上である高い分散状態で被覆空間の被覆開始領域に導く必要があること、またそのためには、(II)この芯粒子粉体の粒子からなる凝集体を崩し、且つ主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子を高い分散状態に分散させる、一以上からなる特別に高い分散性能を有する分散処理手段群が必要であることを見い出して本発明に至った。
そしてこのようにして得られた被覆されたダイヤモンド粉体粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を2000 MPa以上の超高圧・高温において焼結することにより、均一で、緻密で且つ強固に焼結された、微組織が高度に制御された高性能な被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体が得られたのである。
【0013】
即ち、本発明は、ダイヤモンドの微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子、又は主に同微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であって、その表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたものを焼結してダイヤモンド焼結体を製造するに当り、該被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子は、芯粒子粉体を被覆空間に投入し、気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体を、芯粒子粉体の粒子に接触及び/又は衝突させて、芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたものであって、
(A) 微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段が、
(a) この芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させる分散手段、および
(b) 芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物において低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段とこの高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段により選択分離された低分散芯粒子粉体部分を微粒子高分散処理手段群中の分散手段の内の最終分散手段及び/又は最終分散手段以前の処理手段に搬送するフィードバック手段とを備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段、
から選ばれる微粒子高分散処理手段群により、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程、
からなる被覆手段によって調製されたものを使用し、
この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を2000MPa以上の圧力、及び高温度において焼結することを特徴とする被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法を提供するものである。
【0014】
更に本発明は、上記したダイヤモンド焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子が、
被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子の被覆形成物質を介して接触状態で集合塊を形成した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子の集合塊を、解砕及び/又は破砕する被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子集合塊の解砕・破砕工程、及び/又は
この被覆ダイヤモンド粒子集合塊と一次粒子単位の被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子とを選択分離する選択分離工程
を更に経て調製されたものであり、そしてこの被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、2000MPa以上の圧力、及び高温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0015】
更に本発明は、上記したダイヤモンド焼結体を製造する方法において、その表面を被覆形成物質で被覆するべきダイヤモンドの微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に同粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子が、溶融塩浴を用いる浸漬法により、浸漬法に由来する被覆物質で一層以上被覆された微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であり、これを被覆形成物質で被覆して得られた被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、2000MPa以上の圧力、及び高温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造方法にも関する。
また本発明は、上記した被覆ダイヤモンドを(A)ダイヤモンドの熱力学的安定領域で、及び/又は(B)動的及び/又は静的な、2000 MPa以上の超高圧力・高温下で焼結することにより、焼結体を製造する方法にも関する。
【0016】
更にまた本発明は、上記したダイヤモンド焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子が、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする分散性能を有する微粒子高分散処理手段群による分散工程を設け、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を被覆工程に直接放出するか、又は分散工程と被覆工程の間に、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する放出部から、搬送に不可避の、中空部材、中空を形成せしめる部材からなる中間部材、及びパイプから選択される一種類またはそれ以上の部材を介して搬送するか、及び/又は、前記分散性能で気中に分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の粒子の気中分散状態を維持する気中分散維持手段、前記分散性能で気中に分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の粒子の気中分散状態を高める気中分散促進手段、芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物の内の、低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の一種またはそれ以上を介して搬送して調製されたものであり、そして、この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、2000 MPa以上の圧力、及び高温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0017】
更にまた本発明は、上記したダイヤモンド焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子が、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする分散性能を有する微粒子高分散処理手段群による分散工程の一部以上と前記被覆工程の一部以上とを、空間を一部以上共有して行うことにより調製されたものであり、そして、この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、2000 MPa以上の圧力、及び高温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0018】
更にまた本発明は、上記したダイヤモンド焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子が、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により、気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする空間領域の内の、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子のすべての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめるか、又は体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により、高分散させて芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする空間領域の内の、回収手段の回収部に回収する全ての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめることにより調製されたものであり、そしてこの被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、2000 MPa以上の圧力、及び高温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0019】
更にまた本発明は、上記したダイヤモンド焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子が、粒度分布が、平均粒子径をDMとしたとき、体積基準頻度分布で(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)である芯粒子粉体に被覆形成物質を被覆して調製されたものであり、そして、この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、2000MPa以上の圧力、及び高温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
そして本発明は、上記した製造法によって製造される被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体にも関するものである。
【0020】
而して、本発明によれば、ダイヤモンドの微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に同微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であって、その表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたものを、2000 MPa以上の圧力及び高温度において焼結してダイヤモンド粒子の焼結体を製造するに際して、上記した表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子として、気相法により気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体と、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段により気中に分散させた平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子からなる高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とを、被覆空間の被覆開始領域で、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度がβ≧70%である分散状態で合流させ、接触及び/又は衝突させてダイヤモンドの粒子の表面を被覆形成物質で被覆したものを用いることにより、これまでに得られなかったダイヤモンドの粒子表面の未焼結部分のない、均一で、緻密で且つ強固に焼結された、高度に制御された微組織を有する高性能なダイヤモンド焼結体を得ることができた。そして、上記した被覆芯粒子の調製に際して、被覆形成物質前駆体は、原子、分子、イオン、クラスター、原子クラスター、分子クラスター、クラスターイオン等からなる気相状態の、域は気相を経て生成したばかりのもので、この高分散状態の芯粒子と接触及び/又は衝突を始めることにより、一次粒子状態の個々の芯粒子の表面に被覆形成物質は強固に結合し、その結果、芯粒子の表面を被覆形成物質により単一粒子単位で被覆した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子が製造できるのである。
【0021】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する前に、本明細書中に使用する用語をはじめに定義することにし、そして必要によってその用語の具体的内容を説明し、次いで被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子の調製がどのような技術的手段によって行なわれるものであるのかの説明を行うことにする。
【0022】
被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子
被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子とは、被覆が施された下記するダイヤモンド粒子をいう。例えば具体的には、被覆形成物質が、超微粒子状、島状、連続質状、一様な膜状、突起物状等の内の一種以上の形態でダイヤモンド粒子に被覆した粒子をいう。
【0023】
ダイヤモンド原料粉体粒子
本発明に係る、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子が微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であるダイヤモンド粒子の表面に、被覆形成物質を被覆した被覆ダイヤモンド粒子用のダイヤモンド粒子の原料粒子には、天然及び/又は人工のダイヤモンド粉体粒子がある。
高性能な被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体を製造するためのダイヤモンド原料粉体としては、その粒子径が10μm以下のダイヤモンド粒子が用いられる。具体的には、ダイヤモンドは平均粒径DMが10μm以下で体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)のダイヤモンド粉体粒子が一般に流通しているのでこれを適用できる。用途に応じて、比較的分布の幅の狭い平均粒径DMが10μm以下で体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/3,3DM〕,≧90%)のダイヤモンド粉体粒子、或いは分級等によりダイヤモンド粒子の粒径が管理され更に分布の幅の狭い平均粒径DMが10μm以下で体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/2,3DM/2〕,≧90%)のダイヤモンド粉体粒子を選択できる。
このような分布のダイヤモンド粒子を原料粉体粒子として適用すると、被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体中のダイヤモンドの粒子表面の未焼結部分のない均一で、緻密で且つ強固に焼結された、高度に制御された微組織を有する高性能な被覆高密度ダイヤモンド焼結体が製造可能である。
本発明のダイヤモンド焼結体は、前記ダイヤモンド粉体粒子表面に、被覆形成物質の被覆を施した被覆ダイヤモンド粉体粒子を2000MPa以上の超高圧力・高温下で焼結することにより得られる、ダイヤモンドを含む被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体でなるものである。
【0024】
気相被覆法
気相被覆法とは、被覆形成物質の原料が、分子流、イオン流、プラズマ、ガス、蒸気、エアロゾルの一種以上からなる気相状態を少なくとも一度は経て被覆する方法、又は気相状態の被覆形成物質の原料により被覆する方法をいう。
【0025】
芯粒子
芯粒子とは、被覆を施す対象物となる粒子をいう。これはまた、母材粒子、種粒子或は被覆される粒子ともいう。
この芯粒子は、ダイヤモンド粒子からなる。
【0026】
芯粒子粉体
芯粒子粉体とは、芯粒子からなる粉体をいう。芯粒子粉体の粒子とは、芯粒子粉体を構成する粒子をいう。本発明で用いる被覆に供する微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子は、平均粒子径が体積基準頻度分布で10μm以下である。
好ましくは、平均粒子径をDMとしたとき、DMが10μm以下で、粒度分布が体積基準頻度分布で(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)である。このような比較的分布の幅の狭い粉体では、平均粒子径で粉体の分散特性又は凝集特性が特徴付けられ、DMの値に適した条件で微粒子高分散処理手段群を作動させれば分散できる。
平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体の粒子の粒度分布が、幅広い分布又は互いに離れた複数のピークを持つ分布の粉体では、好適には適当な選択分離処理、例えば分級処理を行ってそれぞれ分級された粉体ごとに、被覆処理を施す。これにより、それぞれ分級された粉体ごとに上記条件の下で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域で分散度βが70%以上の状態で被覆が開始され、芯粒子粉体の粒子一つ一つの粒子に被覆が可能となる。
【0027】
被覆形成物質
被覆形成物質とは、被覆を施す対象物に被覆を形成する物質をいう。例えば、具体的には、超微粒子状、島状、連続質状、一様な膜状、突起物状等の一種以上からなる形態で芯粒子粉体の粒子に被覆を形成する物質をいう。
特に、被覆形成物質の形態が超微粒子状の場合、この超微粒子の粒子径は、例えば0.005μm〜0.5μmの範囲のものをいう。
この被覆形成物質は、被覆形成物質自体がそのままで被覆を形成するか、又は被覆形成物質と芯粒子のダイヤモンドとが反応して及び/又はダイヤモンド粒子に固溶して及び/又は二種類以上の被覆形成物質同志が反応して及び/又は合金化して及び/又は固溶して被覆を形成するための目的とする無機化合物、合金、金属間化合物等の一種類又はそれ以上を生成し、被覆ダイヤモンド粒子の焼結を促進する焼結助剤及び/又は結合材となる単体物質及び/又は化合物及び/又はダイヤモンド粒子の表面改質剤となる単体物質及び/又は化合物から選択される。
【0028】
すなわちダイヤモンド粒子の粒界を制御する表面改質剤としても被覆形成物質が選択可能である。必要に応じて例えば、ダイヤモンド粒子と焼結助剤及び/又は結合材との化学結合性を高めたり、又は個々のダイヤモンド粒子を任意の物質から隔離させ、これによりダイヤモンドと任意の物質との反応を抑止したり、或いは焼結条件が、圧力が2000 MPa以上で且つダイヤモンドが熱力学的に準安定な領域の焼結条件を選択する必要がある場合にはグラファイトへの相転移を抑止することもできる。これにより、焼結助剤及び/又は結合材としての被覆形成物質の選択の幅が飛躍的に大きく広がり好適である。
【0029】
これらの被覆形成物質は、周期律表1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、6a、7a、1b、2b、3b、4b、5b、6b、7b、8族の金属、半導体、半金属、希土類金属、非金属及びその酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物、炭窒化物、酸炭窒化物、硼化物、珪化物の一種類又はそれ以上、例えばAl、B、Si、Fe、Ni、Co、Ti、Nb、V、Zr、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Cr、Cu、Mo、Y、La、TiAl、Ti3Al、TiAl3、TiNi、NiAl、Ni3Al、SiC、TiC、ZrC、B4C、WC、W2C、HfC、VC、TaC、Ta2C、NbC、Mo2C、Cr32、Si34、TiN、ZrN、Si22O、AlN、HfN、VxN(x=1〜3)、NbN、TaN、Ta2N、TiB、TiB2、ZrB2、VB、V32、VB2、NbB、NbB2、TaB、TaB2、MoB、MoB2、MoB4、Mo2B、WB、W2B、W25、LaB6、B132、MoSi2、BP、Al23、ZrO2、MgAl24(スピネル)、Al2SiO5(ムライト)の一種類又はそれ以上を含む物質であることができる。
この被覆ダイヤモンド粒子表面を被覆する被覆形成物質の被覆による添加量は、微量から多量までの任意の量を選択できる。
【0030】
被覆空間に投入の定義
被覆空間に投入とは、例えば、自由落下等の落下によって芯粒子粉体を被覆空間に導入することをいう。搬送ガスにより投入する場合には、芯粒子粉体を芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の流れの方向に乗せて導入したり、気体に乗せて流れの方向へ、或いは気体に乗り方向が変えられて導入することをいう。または、搬送ガスの作用を受けて導入することをもいう。例えば、搬送ガスの波動現象、具体的には非線系波動によって導入することをもいう。或いは、ガス中の音波、超音波、磁場、電子線等によって被覆空間に導入することをもいう。また、外場、例えば電場、磁場、電子線等により導入することをもいう。具体的には、電場、磁場、電子線等により粉体粒子を帯電させ、または帯磁させ引力又は斥力により被覆空間に導入することをもいう。また、ガスの背圧や減圧によって吸い込まれ、導入することも含む。
【0031】
被覆空間
被覆空間とは、被覆形成物質の原料から気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体と芯粒子粉体の粒子が接触及び/又は衝突する空間をいう。あるいは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面を被覆形成物質で被覆する空間領域をいう。
【0032】
被覆室
被覆室とは、被覆空間を一部以上有する室をいう。より具体的には、被覆室とは、被覆空間を含む仕切られた、又は略仕切られた(略閉じた、半閉じた)室であって、被覆空間を一部以上含む室である。
【0033】
気中
気中とは、真空又は気相状態の空間内をいう。ここで、本発明において、気相状態とは、分子流、イオン流、プラズマ、ガス、蒸気などの状態をいう。真空とは、技術的には、減圧状態をさす。どんな減圧下でも、厳密にはガス、分子、原子、イオン等が含まれる。
【0034】
被覆形成物質前駆体
被覆形成物質前駆体とは、被覆形成物質の前駆体である。より詳しくは、気相状態の被覆形成物質の原料がそのまま、又は被覆形成物質の原料から気相を経て形成及び/又は合成され、被覆を施す対象物となる粒子である芯粒子に被覆を形成する直前までの物質をいう。被覆形成物質前駆体は、被覆形成物質の原料から、気相を経て形成及び/又は合成する限り、状態の制限はない。被覆形成物質の原料が気相の場合、原料が被覆形成物質前駆体にもなりうる。被覆形成物質前駆体そのものが気相であってもよい。また、被覆形成物質前駆体が反応性物質の場合は、反応前でも良く、反応中でもよく、反応後でもよい。被覆形成物質前駆体の具体例としては、イオン、原子、分子、クラスター、原子クラスター、分子クラスター、クラスターイオン、超微粒子、ガス、蒸気、エアロゾル等が挙げられる。
【0035】
被覆形成物質の原料
被覆形成物質の原料とは、気相を経て被覆を形成する物質となる原料物質をいう。被覆形成物質の原料の形態の具体例として、塊状の固体、粉体粒子、気体液体等が挙げられる。
【0036】
分散度β
分散度βとは、粉体分散装置の分散性能を評価する指数として増田、後藤氏らが提案(化学工学、第22回、秋季大会研究発表講演要旨集、P349(1989)参照)したように、全粒子の重量に対する、見かけの一次粒子状態の粒子の重量の割合と定義する。ここで、見かけの一次粒子状態の粒子とは、任意の分散状態の粉体粒子の質量基準の頻度分布fm2と完全分散されている粉体粒子の質量基準の頻度分布fm1のオーバーラップしている部分の割合を示し、次の式のβで表される。
【0037】
【数1】

Figure 0003948634
上式において、粒子径の単位(μm)は規定されるものではない。
上式は質量基準で表した粒度分布を基にして分散度を評価しているが、本来分散度は体積基準で表した粒度分布を基にして評価されるべきものである。粉体粒子密度が同じである場合には質量基準で表した粒度分布と体積基準で表した粒度分布は同じになる。そこで実用上測定が容易な質量基準の粒度分布を測定し、それを体積基準の粒度分布として用いている。従って本来の分散度βは次の式及び図1(a)の斜線部分の面積で表される。
【0038】
【数2】
Figure 0003948634
上式において粒子径の単位(μm)は、規定されるものではない。
そして芯粒子粉体の分布及び平均粒子径は、特に断らない限り基本的には体積基準を用いることとする。
【0039】
体積基準頻度分布
体積基準頻度分布とは、粒子径の分布をある粒子径に含まれる体積割合をもって表したものをいう。
【0040】
(〔D1,D2〕,≧90%)の定義
(〔D1,D2〕,≧90%)分布とは、D1、D2を粒子径、但しD1<D2とするとき、D1以上でD2以下の粒子が体積で90%以上含まれる分布を表し、図1(b)のように斜線の部分の割合が90%以上である粒子からなる粉体を表す。
【0041】
体積基準頻度分布(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)の定義
粒度分布が、体積基準頻度分布で(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)分布とは、DMを体積基準の平均粒子径とするとき、DMの1/5倍の粒子径以上、DMの5倍の粒子径以下の粒子を体積で90%以上含む分布を表す。例えば、平均粒子径DMが5μmで体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)とは、体積基準の平均粒子径が5μmで、1μm以上且つ25μm以下の粒子径の粒子が体積で90%以上含まれるような分布を表す。ここで、体積基準の平均粒子径DMは、
【数3】
Figure 0003948634
又は技術的には、ある粒子径間隔をDi±△Di/2(△Diは区分の幅)内にある粒子群の体積をviとすると、
M=Σ(vii)/Σvi
と表される。
【0042】
被覆開始領域
微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理後、初めて被覆が開始される領域を被覆開始領域という。従って、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理以前では、初めて被覆が開始される領域でも、ここでいう被覆開始領域ではない。
【0043】
被覆開始領域での分散度β
本発明では、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とした領域に被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめる被覆室を設ける。前記、被覆空間の被覆開始領域における分散度であれば、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、実質的に粒子一個一個の単位に気中に分散して被覆に供することができ、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を通過する全ての芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面の少なくとも一部と、被覆形成物質前駆体とは接触及び/又は衝突するため、必ず粒子一個一個の単位に被覆形成物質を付けることができる。
【0044】
好適には、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終の分散処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを80%以上とする。この被覆空間の被覆開始領域での分散度であれば、芯粒子粉体の粒子が体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子に対して事実上芯粒子同士による閉ざされた部分がなく、一個一個の粒子の表面のいたるところに被覆形成物質前駆体を接触及び/又は衝突させることが可能であり、一個一個の粒子表面にほぼ一様に被覆できる。
【0045】
より好適には、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終の分散処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを90%以上とする。この被覆空間の被覆開始領域の分散度であれば、芯粒子粉体の粒子が体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子の芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であっても事実上凝集しておらず、一個一個の粒子の表面全てに事実上一様に被覆できる。
特に、処理能率が低くてもよいから、高品位な被覆を行いたいときは、分散度は、95%以上がより好ましい。この場合、微量の芯粒子粉体の粒子を処理して、完全分散の芯粒子粉体の粒子の気中個数濃度を低くすることにより可能となる。これにより、完全に一個一個の粒子の全表面に一様に被覆できる。
【0046】
微粒子高分散処理手段群
微粒子高分散処理手段群とは、
(A) 少なくとも分散手段を1以上有し、
(B) 最終の処理手段として、
(a) 芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させる分散手段、又は
(b) 芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物において低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段とこの高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段により分離された低分散芯粒子粉体部分をこの微粒子高分散処理手段群中の分散手段の内の最終分散手段及び/又は最終分散手段以前の処理手段に搬送するフィードバック手段とを備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段、
を有するものである。
好適には、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする分散性能を有するものである。
前記被覆開始領域における種々の分散度、例えばβ≧70%、80%、90%に対応してそれらと同等以上の分散性能の微粒子高分散処理手段群を設けることにより、被覆開始領域において、各分散度に応じた高品位な被覆を施すことができる。
【0047】
最終処理手段
微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終の処理手段が分散手段の場合、この分散処理手段を微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段という。又、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終の処理手段が、微粒子高分散処理手段の最終の分散手段へ、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択処理工程時に於いて低分散状態であったために選択分離された部分を搬送するフィードバック手段を備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段、又は最終の分散手段より前の処理手段に、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択処理工程時に於いて低分散状態であったために選択分離された部分を搬送するフィードバック手段を備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の場合、この高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段を微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段という。
尚、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段であるフィードバック手段を備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段より前に設ける(例えば、このフィードバック手段を備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段と最終分散手段の間、或いは最終分散手段より前)高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段は、フィードバック手段の有無にかかわらず微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成要素である。
【0048】
分散手段
微粒子を分散するために用いる手段を分散手段という。この分散手段は少しでも或いは僅かでも分散効果を有するものは分散手段として使用可能であり、これを分散手段とする。例えば、一般に供給手段として用いる空気輸送用のロータリーフィーダーやインジェクションフィーダー(粉体工学会編:“粉体工学便覧”、日刊工業新聞社(1986)P568、P571)は、分散効果も有するので、分散目的の手段として使用する場合は分散手段である。後述の分散維持・促進手段も分散目的で(βを高める目的で)使用する場合は分散手段となる。そしてこの分散手段は単一の装置、機器である場合も、複合された装置、機器である場合もあり、これらを総称して微粒子高分散処理手段群と呼ぶ。
この微粒子高分散処理手段群は、芯粒子粉体の粒子の加速及び/又は速度勾配に置く気流による分散、芯粒子粉体の粒子の静止障害物及び/又は回転体でなる障害物への衝突による分散、芯粒子粉体の粒子の流動層及び/又は脈流及び/又は回転ドラム及び/又は振動及び/又は掻取りからなる機械的解砕による分散等の選択された一種類以上の分散の機構を備えたものをいう。
【0049】
具体的には、微粒子高分散処理手段群は、エジェクタ型分散機、ベンチュリ型分散機、細管、撹拌機、気流中の障害物を利用した分散機、ジェットの吹付けを利用した分散機、螺旋管、回転羽根を利用した分散機、回転するピンを利用した分散機(ケージミル)、流動層型分散機、脈流を利用した分散機、回転ドラムを利用した分散機、振動を利用した分散機、振動ふるい、スクレーパによる掻き取りを利用した分散機、SAEI、Gonell式分散機、中条式分散機、Roller式分散機、オリフィス型分散機、B.M式分散機、Timbrell式分散機、Wright式分散機等の選択された一種以上からなる分散手段を備えたものである(粉体工学会編:“粉体工学便覧”、日刊工業新聞社(1986)P430)。
【0050】
また、特開昭56−1336号に記載の撹拌羽根を利用した分散機、特開昭58−163454号に記載の高速気流と分散ノズルを利用した分散機、特開昭59−199027号に記載の回転羽根による分散作用とプラズマイオンによる分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭59−207319号に記載のプラズマイオンによる分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭59−216616号に記載のエジェクタとプラズマイオンによる分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭59−225728号に記載のエジェクタとイオン流の分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭59−183845号に記載のプラズマイオンの分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭63−166421号に記載の分散羽根と圧力気体による分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭62−176527号に記載のライン状又はリング状スリット型噴出口を用いた分散機、特開昭63−221829号に記載の網状羽根を利用した分散機、特開昭63−1629号に記載の噴射ノズルからの高速気流による分散作用を利用した分散機、実開昭63−9218号に記載の多数の細孔を利用した分散機、実開昭62−156854号に記載のエジェクタ型分散機、実開昭63−6034号に記載の細孔とオリフィスを利用した分散機等の公報に記載のものも使用可能である。
微粒子高分散処理手段群に好適な分散手段として、特願昭63−311358号、特願平1−71071号、特願平2−218537号等に記載の装置が挙げられる。
【0051】
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段とは、芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物から、低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を分離し、主に単一粒子状態の粒子を含む高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する手段をいう。一次粒子の集合体である凝集粒子は、見かけの粒子径が一次粒子の粒子径に比べ大きくなることから、例えば乾式分級手段により分離が可能である。この高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の例としては、重力を利用した分級手段、慣性力を利用した分級手段、遠心力を利用した分級手段、静電気を利用した分級手段、流動層を利用した分級手段等から一種以上選択された乾式分級手段が挙げられる。
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の例としては、重力分級機、慣性分級機、遠心分級機、サイクロン、エアセパレータ、ミクロンセパレータ、ミクロプレックス、ムルチプレックス、ジグザグ分級機、アキュカット、コニカルセパレータ、ターボクラシファイア、スーパセパレータ、ディスパージョンセパレータ、エルボジェット、流動層分級機、バーチュアルインパクタ、O-Sepa、ふるい、バイブレーティングスクリーン、シフタ(粉体工学会編:“粉体工学便覧”日刊工業新聞社、P514(1986))等が挙げられる。
【0052】
芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物
芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とは、(a)芯粒子粉体の粒子が気中に一様に浮遊した均質流れ(一様な浮遊流れ)、(b)芯粒子粉体の粒子が気中のある領域で非一様な分布を示す不均質流れ(非均質浮遊流れ)、(c)芯粒子粉体の粒子の摺動層を伴う流れ(摺動流れ)、又は(d)芯粒子粉体の粒子の静止層を伴う流れをいう。
【0053】
低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物
低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とは芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の内、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態以外の状態で気中に存在する芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物をいう。
【0054】
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とは、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物をいう。高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物は、極めて高分散であっても、実際には凝集粒子を含む。低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物は、実際には、凝集していない単粒子を含み、選択分離して低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物と高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物に分けられる。低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物は、凝集粒子の選択分離及び/又は再分散により、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物となる。
【0055】
回収手段
被覆空間で被覆した被覆粒子を取り出す手段を回収手段という。回収手段の内で回収処理の行われる部分を回収部という。被覆空間の被覆開始領域を通過して被覆した被覆粒子は、気中から直接取り出して回収するか、又は気中から取り出して一時的に蓄えてから回収するか、又は、気体と共に回収される。
回収手段の回収部としては、隔壁(障害物)を利用した回収手段の回収部、重力を利用した回収手段の回収部、慣性力を利用した回収手段の回収部、遠心力を利用した回収手段の回収部、帯電による引力を利用した回収手段の回収部、熱泳動力を利用した回収手段の回収部、ブラウン拡散を利用した回収手段の回収部、ガスの背圧や減圧等による吸引力を利用した回収手段の回収部等が利用可能である。
回収手段の回収部の好適な例として、重力集塵機、慣性集塵機、遠心力集塵機、濾過集塵機、電気集塵機、洗浄集塵機、粒子充填層、サイクロン、バグフィルター、セラミックスフィルター、スクラバー等が挙げられる。
【0056】
次に、本発明で用いる被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する場合に採用される微粒子高分散処理手段群を添付の図面に基づいて説明することにする。
【0057】
微粒子高分散処理手段群の図の説明
図2(a)は被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本的な構成の一例を表すブロック図である。芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散させる最終の分散手段A、最終の分散手段以前の分散処理手段群の構成要素dで構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。構成要素dとしては、分散手段、供給手段、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素dは、必ずしも設けなくとも良い。微粒子高分散処理手段群は、好適には最終の処理手段である分散手段Aの処理後、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体に対し、分散度が分散度βで70%以上を実現できる構成のものである。
【0058】
図2(b)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本的な構成の第2の例を表すブロック図である。芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散させる最終の分散手段A、最終の分散手段Aへ芯粒子粉体の粒子が、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηをフィードバックさせるフィードバック手段Cを備えた最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段B、最終の分散手段以前の分散処理手段群の構成要素d、最終分散手段と最終選択手段の間の微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成要素eで構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。構成要素dとしては、分散手段、供給手段、選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素eとしては、分散手段以外の処理手段、例えば供給手段、選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素d及びeは、必ずしも設けなくとも良い。微粒子高分散処理手段群は、好適には最終の処理手段である選択手段Bによる処理後、前記分布の芯粒子粉体に対し分散度が分散度βで70%以上を実現できる構成である。
【0059】
図2(c)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本的な構成の第3の例を表すブロック図である。芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散させる最終の分散手段A、最終の分散手段Aより前の処理手段へ芯粒子粉体の粒子が、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηをフィードバックさせるフィードバック手段Cを備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段B、最終の分散手段以前の微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成要素d、最終の分散手段と最後の選択手段の間の微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成要素eで構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。構成要素dとしては、分散手段、供給手段、選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素dとしては、分散手段以外の処理手段、例えば供給手段、選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素d及びeは、必ずしも設けなくとも良い。微粒子高分散処理手段群は、好適には最終の処理手段である選択手段Bによる処理後、前記分布の芯粒子粉体に対し分散度が分散度βで70%以上を実現できる構成である。
【0060】
なお、以上のような構成であるから、供給槽、芯粒子生成手段等の粉体の供給源も本微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成に含めてもよい。例えば図2(c)の場合、フィードバック手段Cのフィードバック先を供給槽とする構成も高分散処理手段群の構成として良いことは言うまでもない。又、微粒子高分散処理手段群の分散工程の前に、芯粒子粉体の粒子を解砕及び/又は粉砕する解砕工程を入れても良いことは言うまでもない。
【0061】
上記した微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本的な構成の具体的な代表例をより詳細にしたブロック図に基づいて更に詳しく説明することにする。
構成1
図3(a)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第1の構成を説明するブロック図であって図2(a)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段Aから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0062】
構成2
図3(b)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第2の構成を説明するブロック図であって図2(a)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる分散手段a、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段Aから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0063】
構成3
図3(c)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第3の構成を説明するブロック図であって図2(a)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる分散手段a、分散手段aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段aへフィードバックさせるフィードバック手段C、主に高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を最終の分散手段Aへ導入する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段b、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段A、から構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0064】
構成4
図3(d)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第4の構成を説明するブロック図であって図2(b)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段A、最終分散手段Aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段Aへフィードバックするフィードバック手段C、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段Bから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0065】
構成5
図3(e)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第5の構成を説明するブロック図であって図2(b)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる分散手段a、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段A、最終分散手段Aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段Aへフィードバックするフィードバック手段C、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段Bから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0066】
構成6
図3(f)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第6の構成を説明するブロック図であって図2(b)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を取り除き、主に高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を分散手段Aへ導入する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段b、選択分離された芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散させる最終分散手段A、最終分散手段Aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段Aへフィードバックさせるフィードバック手段C、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段Bから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0067】
構成7
図3(g)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第7の構成を説明するブロック図であって図2(c)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる分散手段a、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段A、最終分散手段Aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段aへフィードバックするフィードバック手段C、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段Bから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0068】
このようにして達成された微粒子の高分散状態を維持するために、気中分散維持手段を微粒子高分散処理手段群に付加することもできる。ここでいう気中分散維持手段とは、気中に分散担持された芯粒子粉体の粒子の再凝集を防止して分散度βを維持する手段をいう。又、このようにして達成された芯粒子の高分散状態を促進するために、気中分散促進手段を微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室の間に付加することもできる。ここでいう気中分散促進手段とは、気中に分散担持された芯粒子粉体の粒子のうち主に再凝集した粒子の再分散を促進し、分散状態の低下を鈍らせたり、一旦低下した分散状態を元の高分散の状態まで回復するように再分散を促す手段をいう。
【0069】
気中分散維持手段又は気中分散促進手段の好適な例としては、パイプ振動装置、パイプ加熱装置、プラズマ発生装置、荷電装置等が挙げられる。
パイプ振動装置は、発振器を設置したパイプの振動により、気中に分散している粒子に分散機とは言えない振動を与えることで、再凝集を抑制し高分散状態を維持する手段又は再凝集した粒子の分散を促進する手段である。
パイプ加熱装置は、加熱したパイプにより搬送気体の外側から熱を加えて搬送気体を膨張させ、分散機とは言えないほどに流速を加速して再凝集を抑制し、再凝集した粒子の分散を促進する手段である。
プラズマ発生装置は、芯粒子粉体を分散担持している気中にプラズマを発生させ、そのプラズマイオンと芯粒子との衝突により、再凝集を抑制し高分散状態を維持する手段又は再凝集した粒子の分散を促進する手段である。
荷電装置は、芯粒子粉体を分散担持している気中に、コロナ放電、電子ビーム、放射線等の方法で単極イオンを発生させ、単極イオン雰囲気中を通過させることで粒子を単極に帯電させ、静電気の斥力により再凝集を抑制し高分散状態を維持する手段又は再凝集した粒子の分散を促進する手段である。
このようにして形成された微粒子の高分散状態の芯粒子粉体は粒子の表面を被覆形成物質で被覆するために被覆室に送られる。この被覆室には被覆開始領域を含む被覆空間が設けられている。
【0070】
微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室とは直結することが望ましいが、搬送に不可避の中空部材及び/又はパイプを使って接続しても良い。この場合にも、被覆開始領域でのβ≧70%を実現することが不可欠である。
微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室を別々に置いてその間を連結する場合は、芯粒子粉体をその分散状態のまま被覆室へ導入してやれば良い。そのためには、この間に芯粒子粉体の分散状態を維持するための装置である気中分散維持手段及び/又は分散状態を高めるための装置である気中分散促進手段及び/又は芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物から、低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、主に単一粒子状態の粒子を含む高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段を設けることもできる。
又、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を調製するに際して、微粒子高分散処理手段群が、(1)被覆室、又は(2)被覆空間、又は(3)被覆開始領域と一部以上空間を共有することもできる。
例えば、微粒子高分散手段群中の分散空間と被覆室とを、又は微粒子高分散手段群中の分散空間と被覆開始領域を有する被覆空間とを、又は微粒子高分散手段群中の分散空間と被覆開始領域とを、空間的に共有することもできる。
ここで被覆開始領域とは、β≧70%の分散状態で搬送された高分散状態の芯粒子粉体に気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体が接触及び/又は衝突し、被覆を開始する領域を指し、次の図4(a)〜(e)で示される態様が考慮される。
すなわち、図4(a)〜(e)において被覆開始領域は2で示される領域である。
【0071】
図4(a)において粉体に対してβ≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を微粒子高分散処理手段群又は微粒子高分散処理手段群の放出部1を覆って設ける。
図4(b)において微粒子高分散処理手段群又は微粒子高分散処理手段群の一部、好適には微粒子高分散処理手段群の放出部1から放出される芯粒子粉体の粒子4が全て通る前記β≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を設ける。
上記の構成により、全ての芯粒子粉体の粒子はβ≧70%の分散状態で被覆が始められる。
図4(c)において微粒子高分散処理手段群又は微粒子高分散処理手段群の放出部1から放出される芯粒子粉体の粒子4の内、回収部5に入る粒子が必ず通過する前記β≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を設ける。
【0072】
図4(d)において回収部5を囲む前記β≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を設ける。
図4(e)において高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の粒子のみが到達可能な位置に回収部5を設ける。従って、ここでの領域6は重力を利用した選択手段となる。回収部に入る高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の粒子が、必ず通過する前記β≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を図の斜線部のように設ける。
β≧70%の分散状態で被覆始めた芯粒子のみ回収でき、被覆開始領域を通っていない芯粒子と被覆開始領域を通過した被覆粒子とは混ざることはない。
上記したところから、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための装置は、微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室、又は微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室と回収手段から構成されるものであるが、これらの装置の構成要素は、種々の組み合わせ方をすることが可能で、これらの装置の構成例を図面にもとづいて説明するとつぎのとおりである。
【0073】
装置の構成1
図5(a)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための第一の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1に直結してある。
【0074】
装置の構成2
図5(b)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための第二の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、不可避の中空部材2−C2、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1に不可避の中空部材2−C2を介して接続してある。
【0075】
装置の構成3
図5(c)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための第三の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、気中分散維持手段2−C3、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1に気中分散維持手段2−C3を介して接続してある。
【0076】
装置の構成4
図5(d)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための第四の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1と空間を共有している。
【0077】
装置の構成5
図5(e)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための第五の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1中に設けている。
【0078】
装置の構成6
図5(f)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための第六の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1の分散空間中に、被覆室2−B1を設けている。
【0079】
装置の構成7
図5(g)は、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための第七の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−D、再被覆供給手段2−Eから構成されている。回収手段2−Dから被覆後の被覆粒子を高分散処理手段群2−C1に再被覆供給手段2−Eにより搬送して、繰り返して被覆処理が行える。
かかる構成の装置のいずれかにより、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子が製造されるものである。
【0080】
上記のようにしてダイヤモンド粒子である芯粒子粉体を被覆形成物質で被覆した被覆粒子について、再び被覆形成物質で被覆すること、またはこの再被覆を反復することもできる。この場合、被覆粒子は再被覆供給手段に送られる。ここで、再被覆供給手段とは、再被覆を行うために被覆後の被覆粒子を微粒子高分散処理手段群へ搬送する手段をいう。具体的には、(a)被覆粒子を回収する回収手段、及び(b)回収手段から微粒子高分散処理手段群に被覆粒子を搬送する被覆粒子搬送手段を備えた手段である。または、(a)被覆粒子を回収する回収手段、(b)回収手段から微粒子高分散処理手段群に被覆粒子を搬送する被覆粒子搬送手段、(c)及び被覆後の被覆粒子を分級する被覆粒子分級手段を備えた手段である。被覆量が多い場合、被覆前の芯粒子粉体の粒子の粒度分布と被覆後の被覆粒子の粒度分布は変わってしまう。そこで、被覆後の被覆粒子の粒度分布を被覆粒子分級手段により調整し、再被覆処理を行えば効果的である。
この再被覆処理は、必要によって繰り返すことができ、そして被覆形成物質の被覆量を所望のものに設定することができる。更に、この被覆形成物質の種類を変えてこの被覆処理を繰り返すことができ、このようにして複数成分の物質を被覆形成物質として多重被覆することもできる。
【0081】
本発明で用いる被覆粒子の製造装置は、被覆形成物質が、気相を経る気相法によって、芯粒子粉体の粒子表面に被覆される被覆粒子の製造装置であれば制限はない。例えば、化学蒸着(CVD)装置としては、熱CVD装置、プラズマCVD装置、電磁波を利用したCVD(可視光線CVD、レーザCVD、紫外線CVD、赤外線CVD、遠赤外線CVD)装置、MOCVD装置等、或いは、物理蒸着(PVD)装置としては、真空蒸着装置、イオンスパッタリング装置、イオンプレーティング装置等が適用可能である。より具体的には、例えば、特開平3−75302号公報の超微粒子で表面が被覆された粒子およびその製造方法に記載の被覆粒子製造装置が好適である。
【0082】
以上述べた通り、本発明ではダイヤモンド粒子である微粒子芯粒子粉体、又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を被覆空間に投入し気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体をこの芯粒子粉体の粒子に接触及び/又は衝突させてこの芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面を被覆形成物質で被覆する被覆ダイヤモンド粒子が製造されるが、本発明の基本的な工程を要約すると次の通りである。
【0083】

(A) 微粒子高分散処理手段群により、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程、
を設けた被覆法。
【0084】
II
(A) 体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程、
を設けた被覆法。
【0085】
III
(A) 体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、被覆工程に直接搬送する搬送工程、
(C) この搬送工程で搬送した高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程、
を設けた被覆法。
【0086】
IV
(A) 体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、搬送に不可避の、中空部材、中空を形成する部材からなる中間部材、及びパイプから選択される1種類又はそれ以上の部材を介して搬送する搬送工程、
(C) この搬送工程で搬送した高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程、
を設けた被覆法。
【0087】

(A) 体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、この分散性能で気中に分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の気中分散状態を維持する気中分散維持手段、この高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の気中分散状態を高める気中分散促進手段、芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物において低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の1種類又はそれ以上を介して搬送する搬送工程、
(C) この搬送工程で搬送した高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程、
を設けた被覆法。
【0088】
以上、I〜Vの全てにおいて、好適には、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する空間領域の内の、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子の全ての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置させるか、又は、
体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する空間領域の内の、回収手段の回収部に回収する全てに粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置させるか、
又は、前記I及びIIにおいて、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程の一部以上と前記被覆工程の一部以上とを、空間を一部以上共有して行うものである。
【0089】
前記、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子は、被覆された粒子の被覆形成物質を介して、接触状態で集合塊を形成する場合がある。この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子からなる粉体は、単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子と、この単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子が数個から数十個接触した集合塊、更に多数個の単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子が接触した集合塊から構成され、その形状及び大きさが不均一で不規則になる。この単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子からなる集合塊は、解砕及び/又は破砕してから成形又は焼結処理に供するのが好ましい。この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子の集合塊の解砕及び/又は破砕には、種々の解砕手段、例えば、ボールミル、振動ボールミル、乳鉢、ジェットミル等が利用可能である。また、単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子と、この単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子の集合塊とを選択分離して、単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子のみを成形又は焼結処理に供してもよい。
【0090】
本発明によれば、上記のようにして得られた被覆されたダイヤモンド粉体粒子又は同粒子を含む混合物は2000MPa以上の超高圧力・高温下において焼結されてダイヤモンドの焼結体とされる。
この焼結操作に当って、本発明によれば被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子のみを用いて焼結することもできるが、これに未被覆のダイヤモンド粉体を混合して焼結したり、また他の機能を発現する物質を加えて焼結することもできる。
【0091】
未被覆のダイヤモンド粉体を混合する場合には、被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子一個一個の表面は、既に、被覆形成物質が均一に被覆されているので、この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を、未被覆のダイヤモンド粒子ー個一個の周りに接するように適量混合せしめれば、ダイヤモンド粒子一個一個に確実に、被覆形成物質を分布させることができるので良好な焼結が可能で、未被覆のダイヤモンド粒子は、前記被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子に対し、相対的に粉体粒子径が大きければ、比較的多量に添加してもこの未被覆のダイヤモンド粒子の周りをすべて被覆形成物質でとり巻くように被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を分布させることが可能である。
【0092】
また靭性強化等の他の機能を発現する物質を加える場合についてはこの物質が粉体状、板状又は粒子状のもので、より具体的には、周期律表第1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、6a、7a、1b、2b、3b、4b、8族の金属、半導体、半金属、希度類金属、及びその酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物、炭窒化物、酸炭窒化物、硼化物、珪化物の内の選択された一種類以上のもの、例えばAl、B、Si、Fe、Ni、Co、Ti、Nb、V、Zr、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Cr、Cu、Mo、TiAl、TiAl、TiAl、TiNi、NiAl、NiAl、SiC、BC、Cr、TiC、ZrC、WC、WC、HfC、TaC、TaC、NbC、VC、MoC、Si、TiN、ZrN、SiO、w−BN、c−BN、AlN、HfN、VN(x=1〜3)、NbN、TaN、TaN、TiB、TiB、ZrB、VB、V、VB、NbB、NbB、TaB、TaB、MoB、MoB、MoB、MoB、WB、WB、W、LaB、BP、B13、MoSi、Al、ZrO(Y、MgO又はCaO安定剤を添加した部分安定化ジルコニア:PSZ、又は正方晶ジルコニア多結晶体:TZP)、MgAl(スピネル)、AlSiO(ムライト)の少なくとも一種類からなる粉体及び/又は粒子等から選択されうる。
【0093】
更にこの物質が繊維状物質であっても良い。この被覆ダイヤモンド粉体粒子に混合せしめる、繊維状物質は短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上である形状の、金属又は化合物の少なくとも一種類からなる物質で、短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上である形状の棒状物質及び/又は融解紡糸して繊維形状にした連続繊維である長繊維及び/又は結晶自体が繊維形状をとる自形繊維である短繊維及び/又は一方向に結晶成長させて繊維形状にしたウィスカー(wisker)からなる。このウィスカー(ヒゲ結晶)には、その形成においては、相変化や体積全体に及ぼす化学反応という現象は起こらないものと定義されている真性のウィスカー及び/又は相変化とか体積全体に及ぶ化学変化によって生成する結晶の一つの結晶面のみを成長させることにより、長い針状晶となった単結晶を指す広義のウィスカー及び/又は断面積が8×10−5in以下で、長さが平均直径の10倍以上の単結晶であるウィスカーがある。
【0094】
繊維状物質として、周期律表第1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、6a、7a、1b、2b、3b、4b、5b、6b、7b、8族の金属、半導体、半金属、希土類金属、非金属の内の一種類以上を含む化合物の少なくとも一種類を含む。短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上である形状の繊維状物質が用いられる。具体的には、周期律表第1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、6a、7a、1b、2b、3b、4b、8族の金属、半導体、半金属、希士類金属、及びその炭化物、酸化物、窒化物、酸炭化物、酸窒化物、炭窒化物、酸炭窒化物、硼化物、珪化物の少なくとも一種類からなる、短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上である形状の繊維状物質が使用される。好適には、例えば、Al、B、Si、Fe、Ni、Co、Ti、Nb、V、Zr、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Cr、Cu、Mo、TiAl、TiAl、 TiAl、TiNi、NiAl、NiAl、SiC、BC、Cr、TiC、ZrC、WC、WC、HfC、TaC、TaC、NbC、VC、MoC、Si、TiN、ZrN、SiO、AlN、HfN、VN(x=1〜3)、NbN、TaN、TaN、TiB、TiB、ZrB、VB、V、VB、NbB、NbB、TaB、TaB、MoB、MoB、MoB、MoB、WB、WB、W、LaB、BP、B13、MoSi、Al、ZrO(Y、MgO又はCaO安定剤を添加した部分安定化ジルコニア:PSZ、又は正方晶ジルコニア多結晶体:TZP)、MgAl(スピネル)、AlSiO(ムライト)の少なくとも一種類からなる、短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上でなる形状の繊維状物質が選択されうる。
【0095】
本発明で用いる被覆ダイヤモンド粒子は、上記したように気相法によりその表面を被覆するので基本的に被覆形成物質に制限はない。被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体を、用途に応じて任意に材料設計する上で必要に応じて、被覆を施す前に、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子表面に事前に、同種及び/又は異種の被覆形成物質を同種及び/又は異種の被覆方法により被覆を施してもよい。
例えば、ダイヤモンド粒子表面に、目的とする金属の炭化物からなる被覆を形成する場合、事前に炭素を被覆した被覆ダイヤモンド粒子を使用すればよい。事前に物質を被覆する方法は、特に制限するものではないが、例えば、特開平2−252660号公報に記載の溶融塩浸漬法を始め、電気メッキ法、無電解メッキ法、クラッド法、物理蒸着法(スパッタリング法、イオンプレーティング法等)や化学蒸着法等が好適である。目的とする金属化合物の金属の種類は、本発明の結合材及び/又は焼結助剤として適用可能の範囲であれば特に制限されない。
【0096】
本発明によればダイヤモンド粒子表面に、気相法により、被覆形成物質を被覆させた被覆ダイヤモンド粒子を単独で、又は被覆ダイヤモンド粒子と、残部が前記粉体、板状物質、粒子等及び/又は前記繊維状物質を混合した混合物を、粉体状で、若しくは成形後、2000 MPa以上の超高圧力・高温下で適宜時間焼結する。圧力は2000 MPa以上であればいかなる圧力であっても良く、また温度はダイヤモンドが事実上に安定に存在し且つ焼結しようとする被覆ダイヤモンド粒子が焼結可能であるいかなる範囲の温度であってもよい。
静的な2000 MPa以上の超高圧力・高温を発生する超高圧力装置は、キュービック型、テトラ型、ガードル型、ベルト型等が適用可能で、特に制限はない。
動的な2000 MPa以上の超高圧力・高温を発生する装置・方法は、例えば爆薬レンズ(平面爆発発生装置)や円筒状爆発発生装置、飛翔体衝突方法、磁場爆縮方法、マッハ爆発方法、過大爆発方法、円錐状爆縮方法等や一段式衝撃銃、二段式軽ガス銃等の公知の装置・方法が適用可能で特に制限はない。これらの動的な超高圧力・高温を発生する装置・方法によれば、発生できる圧力は10 GPa(10,000 MPa)以上、好適には40 GPa以上であるので、特に高い圧力を短時間作用させる場合の好適な例として選択できる。
目的により、例えば再現性良く試料を加圧するための加圧装置及び圧力は、前記キュービック型超高圧力装置を始めとする各種静的に超高圧力を発生する超高圧力装置を使用し、2000MPa以上とする。焼結温度は、ダイヤモンドの熱力学的安定領域から若干外れた条件でも差し支えない。
しかし、より好適には、2000 MPa以上の超高圧力・高温下のダイヤモンドの熱力学的安定領域の条件で焼結せしめる。
【0097】
一例として、ダイヤモンド粉体を原料として用いた、キュービック型超高圧力装置による、ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造について説明すると、先ず、ダイヤモンド粉体粒子表面に被覆形成物質を被覆した被覆されたダイヤモンド粉体粒子を、ペレット状に型押し成形し、その外側に六方晶窒化硼素(h−BN)成形体で囲って、更にその外側に黒鉛管ヒータを配置する。このヒータの外側には、700℃で加熱処理することにより結晶水を除去したパイロフィライトを固体圧力媒体として配置する。このようにして構成した試料を、キュービック型超高圧力装置に配置し、所定の圧力まで昇圧し、その後、所定の温度まで昇温して、適宜時間焼結する。焼結後、降温し、そして降圧する。キュービック型超高圧力装置から圧力媒体を取り出し、この圧力媒体から試料を取り出す。このようにして、結合材及び/又は焼結助剤及び/又は表面改質剤の分布が制御された、均一で緻密で、高度に制御された微組織を有する特徴的な、ダイヤモンドから構成された高性能な被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体を得る。
【0098】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体及びその製造法を実施例によって更に詳細に説明する。
実施例1
平均粒子径DMが1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/2,3DM/2〕,≧90%)のダイヤモンド粒子をシリコン単体物質で被覆した。
【0099】
使用した装置は、図6及びその部分拡大図である図7に示したものであり、図5(a)に示した構成の具体例である。
本例の装置は、プラズマトーチ3−A、プラズマ室3−a、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室の冷却槽3−B、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室3−b、狭義の被覆室冷却槽3−C、狭義の被覆室3−c、被覆粒子冷却室の冷却槽3−D、被覆粒子冷却室3−d、被覆形成物質の原料の供給側に、供給装置3−E1、芯粒子粉体の供給側に、撹拌式分散機3−F1とエジェクター式分散機3−H1、細管分散機107及び被覆粒子回収部3−Gより成る。供給装置3−E1は被覆形成物質の原料粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機112に、撹拌式分散機3−F1は芯粒子粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機111にそれぞれ結合される。本例における被覆室は、定義ではプラズマ室3−a、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室3−b、狭義の被覆室3−c、被覆粒子冷却室3−dから構成されており、ここではこれらを広義の被覆室と称する。広義の被覆室の内、主に被覆処理の行われる室3−cを狭義の被覆室と称する。
【0100】
本例における微粒子高分散処理手段群αは、供給槽を備えた供給機111、撹拌式分散機3−F1とエジェクター式分散機3−H1及び内径4mmのステンレス製細管分散機107で構成されており、図2(a)に示したものであり、図3(b)に示した構成に属する微粒子高分散処理手段群の具体例である。微粒子高分散処理手段群は、D=1μmの(〔D/5,5D〕,≧90%)のダイヤモンドの芯粒子粉体の粒子に対して出力時β≧70%を実現できるように構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段である細管107は被覆室3−cに直結してあり、被覆空間の3−L2の被覆開始領域3−L1においてβ≧70%を実現できるように構成されている。
【0101】
プラズマトーチ3−Aの上部に設けられたガス噴出口101に供給源102からアルゴンガスを20リットル/分の割合で供給する。このアルゴンガスは印加された高周波によってプラズマ化され、プラズマトーチ3−A内プラズマ室3−aでプラズマ焔を形成する。
被覆形成物質の原料の供給槽を備えた供給機112から供給した被覆形成物質の原料である平均粒子径10μmのシリコン粉末は、5リットル/分のキャリアガス103に担持されて、プラズマトーチ3−Aの下部に設けられた被覆形成物質の原料の投入口104から、プラズマ焔中に0.2g/分の割合で導入され、プラズマ焔の熱により蒸発して気相を経て、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室3−bで被覆形成物質前駆体となる。
芯粒子粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機111から1.2g/分で供給される平均粒子径1μmのダイヤモンドの芯粒子を、撹拌式分散機3−F1により分散させ、5リットル/分の割合で供給されるキャリアガス105により担持され、10リットル/分の流量の分散ガス106によるエジェクター式分散機3−H1及び細管分散機107により分散度β=82%の分散状態に分散させ、被覆室に導入する。
高分散状態のダイヤモンド粒子は、被覆空間の3−L2の被覆開始領域3−L1において被覆形成物質前駆体とβ=82%の分散状態で接触及び/又は衝突し始める。
このようにして生成した、被覆形成物質で表面に被覆が施された被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子は、気体と共に被覆粒子冷却室3−dを降下し、被覆粒子回収部3−Gに至る。被覆粒子からなる製品は、フィルター110により気体と分離し、集められ取り出される。
【0102】
得られた被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子である、シリコンで表面を被覆したダイヤモンド微粒子を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、図8に示す通り、個々の粒子は、いずれも、一様に0.005μm程度のシリコンが超微粒子状に被覆したものであった。シリコンの被覆量は、体積で20%であった。
このシリコンを体積で20%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、その外側に六方晶窒化硼素(h−BN)成形体を配置した圧力媒体に埋め込み、200℃、10-3 torrで一昼夜真空乾燥して、低沸点不純物を除去した。これをキュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1450℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。
得られた焼結体をX線回折で調べたところ、シリコン単体物質とダイヤモンドが反応してシリコン単体は消失し、ダイヤモンドとSiCに変化した。この焼結体はX線定量分析によれば、ダイヤモンド及びSiCの体積割合は、それぞれ約78%及び22%であった。
得られた焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研磨し、ビッカース微小硬度(Hv)を測定した。実施例1のダイヤモンド焼結体のHv(0.5/10)は、約12000と大変高硬度であり、この値は、市販のダイヤモンド焼結体切削工具と同等以上であった。しかも、実施例1の焼結体の硬度は、焼結体の硬度測定面全般に渡って一定であり、ばらつきは殆どなかった。
【0103】
実施例1の焼結体の研磨面に、観察のための通常の金蒸着を施した研摩面の電子顕微鏡写真(×5000)を図9に示す。図9から明らかなように、焼結体は相対密度99%以上に焼結出来た。しかも、未焼結部分が全然なかった。被覆形成物質が薄くなってダイヤモンド粒子同志が接触しているところは、ダイヤモンド粒子同志が被覆を押し破り、焼結して直接結合している。これ以外では、SiCがダイヤモンド粒子を取り巻いて分布し、緻密で、均一な、微組織が高度に制御された結合材分布を有する特徴的な焼結体であることが分かる。しかも、ダイヤモンド粒子は、原料のダイヤモンド粉体と比べ、粒成長がなく、且つダイヤモンドと被覆形成物質であるシリコン単体物質が化学反応して被覆を形成するため、焼結体中のダイヤモンド粒子は、むしろ被覆前の原料時に比べ、微細になっているという特徴もある。このことは、焼結体の機械的特性に極めて好都合となっており、理想的である。これらの特徴を、図10に示した前記市販の代表的なダイヤモンド焼結体切削工具の研磨面に、観察のための通常の金蒸着を施した研摩面の電子顕微鏡写真(×5000)と比べると、その違いが明確に分かる。即ち、市販のダイヤモンド焼結体切削工具においては、結合材や焼結助剤の分布が不規則的で、その結合材や焼結助剤が塊状になっているところがあり、またその反面、焼結助剤や結合材の欠乏しているところも少なからず存在し、そこに未焼結な部分が見受けられる。更に、この切削工具のダイヤモンド粒子がいずれも粗いこと等が実施例1と大きく異なる点として挙げられる。
【0104】
以上のように、ダイヤモンドは、地球上に存在する物質中、最も難焼結性であるにもかかわらず、本発明の被覆ダイヤモンド粉体粒子は、工業レベルの超高圧力・高温下において、恰も比較的焼結し易い粒子のごとく振る舞い、緻密で強固、且つ高硬度な組織を形成した。
【0105】
実施例2
平均粒子径Dが1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔D/2,3D/2〕,≧90%)のダイヤモンド粒子をジルコニウム金属で被覆した。
使用した装置は、図11及びその部分拡大図である図12に示したものであり、図5(d)に示した構成の具体例である。本例の被覆形成物質前駆体を生成する装置の構成は実施例1と同ーである。微粒子高分散処理手段群αは、供給槽を備えた供給機214、撹拌式分散機5−F1、細管分散機211及び衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2で構成されており、図2(a)に示したものであり、図3(b)に示した構成に属する微粒子高分散処理手段群の具体例である。細管分散機211は、内径4mmのステンレス製である。微粒子高分散処理手段群αの最終分散手段である衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2は、SiC製の衝突板213がステンレス製のホルダー212により設置された構成である。衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2は狭義の被覆室5−cの中に設けられており、微粒子高分散処理手段群αと狭義の被覆室5−cは共有の空間を有している。また、被覆空間5−L1及び被覆空間の被覆開始領域5−L2は、狭義の被覆室5−c内に設けてある。本装置の微粒子高分散処理手段群は、平均粒子径Dが1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔D/5,5D〕,≧90%)の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、最終の分散処理である衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2の衝突板213を衝突直後、分散度β≧70%に分散できる。したがって、分散度β≧70%の状態で被覆が開始される。
【0106】
プラズマトーチ5−Aの上部に設けられたガス噴出口201に供給源202から20リットル/分のアルゴンガスを供給する。このアルゴンガスは印加された高周波によってプラズマ化され、プラズマトーチ5−A内プラズマ室5−aでプラズマ焔を形成する。
被覆形成物質の原料の供給槽を備えた供給機215から0.6g/分で供給した被覆形成物質の原料である平均粒子径12μmのジルコニウム金属の粉末は、5リットル/分のキャリアガス203に担持されて、プラズマトーチ5−Aの下部に設けられた被覆形成物質の原料の投入口204から、プラズマ焔中に導入され、プラズマ焔の熱により蒸発し気相を経て、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室5−bで被覆形成物質前駆体となる。
芯粒子粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機214から1.2g/分で供給されるダイヤモンドの芯粒子は、撹拌式分散機5−F1により分散させ、20リットル/分の割合で供給されるキャリアガス205により担持され、細管分散機211を経て、被覆室中に設けた衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2によって、分散度β=82%に気中に分散させる。
【0107】
高分散状態のダイヤモンドの芯粒子は、被覆空間5−L2の被覆開始領域5−L1において被覆形成物質前駆体とβ=82%の分散状態で接触及び/又は衝突し始める。
このようにして生成した、被覆形成物質で表面に被覆が施された被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子は、気体と共に被覆粒子冷却室5−dを降下し、被覆粒子回収部5−Gに至る。被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子からなる製品は、フィルター210により気体と分離し、集められ取り出される。
得られた被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子である、ジルコニウム金属で表面に被覆を施したダイヤモンド微粒子を、走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、個々の粒子は、いずれも、一様に0.005μm程度のジルコニウム金属が超微粒子状に被覆したものであった。ジルコニウム金属の被覆量は、体積で20%であった。
【0108】
このようにして得たジルコニウム金属を体積で20%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例1と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1450℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。得られた焼結体は気孔が全く存在せず、相対密度100%に緻密化でき、しかも未焼結部分が全然なかった。この焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約11000と非常に高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、実施例1と同様、ダイヤモンド及びZrCが認められたのみであった。焼結体は、X線定量分析によれば、ダイヤモンド及びZrCの体積割合は、それぞれ約78%及び22%であった。
また、実施例1と同様にこの実施例2においても焼結体は、緻密で、均一で且つほぼ結合材の均一な分布の、高度に制御された微組織が成立した。
【0109】
実施例3
平均粒子径が1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/2,3DM/2〕,≧90%)のダイヤモンド粒子をチタン金属で被覆した。
使用した装置は、図13及びその拡大図である図14に示したものであり、図5(b)に示した構成の具体例である。本例の被覆形成物質前駆体を生成する装置の構成は実施例1と同一である。微粒子高分散処理手段群αは、供給槽を備えた供給機313、分散手段である撹拌式分散機6−F1、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段であるサイクロン6−Iで構成されており、図2(b)に示したものであり、図3(d)に示した構成の具体例である。サイクロン6−Iの高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の放出部は、搬送に不可避のパイプ307で狭義の被覆室6−cへ接続してあり、低分散芯粒子粉体部分の放出部は、ホッパー6−J、ロータリーバルブ6−Kを介して搬送管310で撹拌式分散機6−F1へ接続してある。本装置の微粒子高分散処理手段群によれば、体積基準の粒度分布として、平均粒子径DMが1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、最終の処理手段であるサイクロン6−Iの高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の放出部で、分散度β≧75%に分散できる。狭義の被覆室6−cに図13及び図14のごとく被覆空間6−L2及び被覆空間の被覆開始領域6−L1が設けてある。6−Cと6−Dを結合するフランジ部の制約による搬送に不可避のパイプ307による分散度βの低下は少なくとどめられる。したがって、被覆開始領域において、分散度β≧70%で被覆が開始される。
【0110】
プラズマトーチ6−Aの上部に設けられたガス噴出口301に供給源302からアルゴンガスを20リットル/分で供給する。このアルゴンガスは印加された高周波によってプラズマ化され、プラズマトーチ6−A内プラズマ室6−aでプラズマ焔を形成する。
被覆形成物質の原料の供給槽を備えた供給機314から0.6g/分で供給した被覆形成物質の原料であるチタン金属の粉末は、5リットル/分のキャリアガス303に担持されて、プラズマトーチ6−Aの下部に設けられた被覆形成物質の原料の投入口304から、プラズマ焔中に導入され、プラズマ焔の熱により蒸発して気相を経て、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室6−bで被覆形成物質前駆体となる。
芯粒子粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機313から1.2g/分で供給されるダイヤモンドの芯粒子は、撹拌式分散機6−F1により分散させ、15リットル/分のキャリアガス305により担持されパイプ306を介してサイクロン6−Iに搬送される。サイクロン6−Iは、微粉側の最大粒子径が1.5μmとなるように調節されており、主に単一粒子からなるβ=85%の分散状態の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を、搬送に不可避のパイプ307を介し放出口308から狭義の被覆室6−cに放出させる。一方、サイクロン6−Iにより選択分離した低分散芯粒子粉体部分は、ホッパー6−J、ロータリーバルブ6−Kを経て、10リットル/分のキャリアガス309によりパイプ310中を搬送され、撹拌式分散機6−F1へフィードバックする。
【0111】
高分散状態のダイヤモンドの芯粒子は、被覆空間6−L2の被覆開始領域6−L1において被覆形成物質前駆体とβ=82%の分散状態で接触及び/又は衝突し始める。
このようにして生成した、被覆形成物質で表面に被覆が施された被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子は、気体と共に被覆粒子冷却室6−dを降下し、被覆粒子回収部6−Gに至る。被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子からなる製品は、フィルター312により気体と分離し、集められ取り出される。
得られた被覆粒子である、チタン金属で表面を被覆したダイヤモンド微粒子を、走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、個々の粒子は、いずれも、一様に0.005μm程度のチタン金属が超微粒子状に被覆したものであった。チタン金属の被覆量は、体積で20%であった。
【0112】
このように得たチタン金属を体積で20%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例1と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1450℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。得られた焼結体は気孔が全く存在せず、相対密度100%に緻密化でき、しかも未焼結部分が全然なかった。
この焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約11500と非常に高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、実施例1と同様ダイヤモンド、TiCが認められたのみであった。
この焼結体はX線定量分析によれば、ダイヤモンド及びTiCの体積割合はそれぞれ約76%及び約24%であった。また実施例1及び実施例2と同様に実施例3においても、焼結体は、緻密で、均一な結合材の分布の、高度に制御された微組織が成立した。
【0113】
実施例4
実施例1の装置により、実施例1と略同様の条件で被覆を行って、炭化チタンを体積で15%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を得た。この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例1と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1460℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。得られた焼結体は気孔が全く存在せず、相対密度100%に緻密化でき、しかも未焼結部分が全然なかった。この焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約12000と高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、ダイヤモンド、TiCが認められたのみであった。また、この実施例4においても焼結体は、緻密で、均一な結合材の分布の、高度に制御された微組織が成立した。
【0114】
実施例5
実施例1の装置により、実施例4と略同様の条件で被覆を行って、炭化チタンを体積で20%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を得た。この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例4と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1460℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。得られた焼結体は気孔が全く存在せず、相対密度100%に緻密化でき、しかも未焼結部分が全然なかった。この焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約11000と高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、ダイヤモンド及びTiCが認められたのみであった。また、この実施例5においても焼結体は、緻密で、均一な結合材の分布の、高度に制御された微組織が成立した。
【0115】
実施例6
実施例1の装置により、実施例5と略同様の条件で被覆を行って、炭化珪素を体積で20%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を得た。この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例1と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1450℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。得られた焼結体は気孔が全く存在せず、相対密度100%に緻密化でき、しかも未焼結部分が全然なかった。この焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約12000と高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、ダイヤモンド及びSiCが認められたのみであった。また、この実施例6においても焼結体は、緻密で、均一な結合材の分布の、高度に制御された微組織が成立した。
【0116】
実施例7
実施例2の装置により、実施例6と略同様の条件で被覆を行って、炭化珪素を体積で30%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を得た。この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例6と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1450℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。焼結体は相対密度100%に緻密に焼結できた。得られた焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約11000と高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、ダイヤモンド及びSiCが認められたのみであった。また、この実施例7においても焼結体は、緻密で、均一な結合材の分布の、高度に制御された微組織が成立した。
【0117】
実施例8
実施例1の装置により、実施例1と略同様の条件で被覆を行って、先ずアルミニウム金属を次いでニッケル金属をモル比で1:1でNiAl換算で体積で15%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を得た。この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例1と同様にキュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1450℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。焼結体は相対密度100%に緻密に焼結できた。焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約8900と高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、ダイヤモンド、NiAlが認められた。また、実施例8においても焼結体は、緻密で、均ーな結合材の分布の、高度に制御された微組織が成立した。
【0118】
実施例9
実施例1の装置により、実施例8と略同様の条件で被覆を行って、先ずアルミニウム金属を次いでニッケル金属をモル比で3:1でNiAl換算体積で20%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を得た。この被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例8と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPalまで昇圧し、その後1450℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。焼結体は相対密度100%に緻密に焼結できた。焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約6700と高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、実施例8と同様、ダイヤモンド、NiAlが認められた。また実施例9においても焼結体は、緻密で、均一な結合材の分布の、高度に制御された微組織が成立した。
【0119】
実施例10
実施例5で得た炭化チタンを体積で20%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を体積で90%、残部が炭化珪素ウィスカー(SiC;短径0.5μm、平均長さ30μm)を体積で10%を、アセトン中湿式で混合し、その後真空乾燥して混合物を得た。この混合物を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例5と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1460℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。焼結体は相対密度100%に緻密に焼結できた。焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約9800と高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、SiC以外は実施例5と同様、ダイヤモンド及びTiCが認められたのみであった。実施例10においても焼結体は、緻密で、均一で、SiCウィスカーが被覆ダイヤモンド粒子間に均一に分散した高度に制御された微組織の複合焼結体が得られた。
【0120】
実施例11
実施例1の装置により、実施例7と略同様の条件で被覆を行って、炭化珪素を体積で20%被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子粉体を体積で90%、残部が炭化珪素ウィスカー(SiC;短径0.5μm、平均長さ30μm)を体積で10%を、アセトン中湿式で混合し、その後真空乾燥して混合物を得た。この混合物を外径6mm、高さ2mmに型押し成形し、実施例7と同様に、キュービック型超高圧装置にセットし、先ず、室温で5.5GPaまで昇圧し、その後1450℃に昇温し、30分保持後に降温し、圧力を下げた。焼結体は相対密度100%に緻密に焼結できた。焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研摩し、ビッカース微小硬度を測定したところHv(0.5/10)が約9400と高硬度であった。この焼結体の結晶相を粉末X線回折により調べたところ、実施例7と同様、ダイヤモンド及びSiCが認められたのみであった。実施例11においても焼結体は、緻密で、均一で、炭化珪素結合材及びSiCウィスカーが被覆ダイヤモンド粒子間に均一に分散した高度に制御された微組織の複合焼結体が得られた。
【0121】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下のダイヤモンドの微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体を気中に分散させ、この分散した芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散度βが70%以上である分散状態で被覆形成物質前駆体と接触又は衝突させることによって、単一粒子状態でその表面を被覆形成物質で被覆を施した被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子又は同粒子を含む混合物を、2000 MPa以上の超高圧力及び高温度で焼結することにより、均一で、緻密で、且つ強固に焼結された、高度に制御された微組織を有する高性能な被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体が得られた。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】粉体粒子の分布図であり、(a)は分散度βを表わし、(b)は粒径D1〜D2の範囲の粒子が体積で90%を占める粉体の粒径対体積基準頻度を表わす。
【図2】 (a)〜(c)は微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本構成を示すブロック図。
【図3】 (a)〜(g)は微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成をより詳細に説明するブロック図。
【図4】 (a)〜(e)は芯粒子粉体に被覆が開始される態様を示す図。
【図5】 (a)〜(g)は被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子を製造するための装置の構成を説明するブロック図。
【図6】実施例1で用いる装置を示す図。
【図7】実施例1で用いる装置の部分拡大図。
【図8】実施例1で得られた被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子の走査型電子顕微鏡写真。
【図9】実施例1の焼結体の研摩面の電子顕微鏡写真。
【図10】市販のダイヤモンド焼結体工具の研摩面の電子顕微鏡写真。
【図11】実施例2で用いる装置を示す図。
【図12】実施例2で用いる装置の部分拡大図。
【図13】実施例3で用いる装置を示す図。
【図14】実施例3で用いる装置の部分拡大図。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention relates to a high-performance diamond sintered body in which a uniform, dense, and strongly sintered microstructure composed of fine particles is highly controlled, and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Diamond is based on strong covalent bonding and has many very good properties. However, due to its covalent bonding, the self-diffusion coefficient is so small that it is extremely difficult to sinter. Is thermodynamically stable only under ultra-high pressure, and there is a problem of phase transfer to graphite when the pressure is insufficient at high temperatures. Therefore, in the absence of a binder or sintering aid, about 2440K is added. If the ultrahigh pressure of about 8500 MPa is not applied at the same time as the extremely high temperature, strong sintering cannot be performed. However, such sintering conditions are extremely severe and are not suitable for the purpose of producing an industrially high-density diamond sintered body. Therefore, in order to produce a high-density diamond sintered body, it is necessary to sinter under industrially applicable conditions, and for this purpose, addition of a binder and / or a sintering aid is indispensable.
In particular, in recent years, there has been a demand for higher performance of a high-density diamond sintered body. For this reason, diamond powder particles are made of, for example, diamond powder particles composed of fine particles of 10 μm or less, and sintered to increase the performance. There is a demand for a high-density diamond sintered body.
[0003]
Conventionally, a diamond sintered body has been produced mainly by a method of adding a binder and / or a sintering aid in powder form. In this case, even if the binder and / or the sintering aid are fine, an ideal uniform addition, that is, a uniform dispersion that evenly spreads over the individual diamond powder particles is extremely difficult. Even if this uniform dispersion is realized, there is a limit to the meaning of uniformity because the binder and / or sintering aid is added in units of particles. In particular, when the amount of the binder and the sintering aid is small, a portion where the binder and the sintering aid are not present in the sintered body is inevitably formed.
In reality, in many cases, the diamond powder particles, the binder and / or the sintering aid particles are aggregated and exist in a lump in the sintered body, or are unevenly distributed in the sintered body. For this reason, especially in the part where diamond particles are aggregated and present, it becomes the same as the addition of no binder or sintering aid, and remains unsintered locally. In addition, in the portion where the binder and / or the sintering aid are aggregated and present, a portion where the diamond particles are not present in the sintered body can be formed microscopically. It becomes a defect which reduces remarkably.
Therefore, in order to produce a high-performance diamond sintered body free from the above defects, it is necessary to reliably distribute the binder and / or sintering aid to each diamond powder particle. It is strongly desired to produce a high-performance diamond sintered body with coated diamond powder particles in which a powder material is uniformly coated by a coating method with a material as a binder and / or a material as a sintering aid on each powder particle. ing.
[0004]
There are various coating methods such as a vapor phase method and a wet plating method. Among them, the vapor phase method is, in principle, (1) easy to control the atmosphere, (2) basically binding material and / or Or, there are no restrictions on the selection of materials as sintering aids, and various types of materials such as active metals and other simple metal materials, nitrides, carbides, borides and oxides can be coated. (3) Bonding Other coating methods, such as the ability to coat the target substance with high purity as a material and / or sintering aid, and (4) the amount of coating of the substance that becomes the binder and / or the substance that becomes the sintering aid can be arbitrarily controlled There are significant advantages that cannot be achieved.
However, when the diamond powder particles are coated with a substance serving as a binder and / or a material serving as a sintering aid by a gas phase method, the diamond powder particles are fine particles or mainly composed of fine particles. In addition, it was impossible to coat individual diamond powder particles for the following reason.
[0005]
That is, when the diamond powder particles to be coated are fine particles, the core particle powder particles to be coated or the core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles have an adhesion force between the powder particles. , The cohesiveness is high, and most single particles form aggregates. Since this agglomerate cannot be broken and broken unless a special action exceeding its agglomeration force is applied, even if the agglomerate is coated as it is, a binding material and / or a sintering aid on the surface of each individual particle are used. Coating with an agent is impossible, and as a result, a coated aggregate in which the surface of the aggregate is coated with a binder and / or a sintering aid is formed.
As a result, the individual diamond particles forming the agglomerate have a problem that the particles on the surface of the agglomerate have a large coating amount but the coating is uneven, or the particles located inside the agglomerate are not covered at all. It was.
[0006]
In order to solve the above problems, when the diamond core particle powder particles to be coated are fine particles, the core particle powder particles to be coated or individual particles of the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles There have already been attempts to disperse and coat the particles for the purpose of coating.
For example, according to the apparatus and method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-31076, core powder particles are placed in a container installed in a PVD apparatus, and the container is vibrated by an electromagnetic method. Then, the core particles in the container are coated by the PVD method while rolling. Further, according to the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-30663, the core powder particles are put into a container installed in the PVD apparatus, and the container is vibrated by a mechanical method. The core particles in the container are covered by the PVD method while rolling. However, in the apparatus or method for coating while rolling the particles of the core particle powder by the vibration of these containers, the particles of the core particle powder or the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are actually used. Since it is not possible to add an action that exceeds the cohesive force required to break up an aggregate of a certain diamond powder particle, the aggregate cannot be broken, rather, the granulation function works and more than before it is introduced into the container. It only formed more or larger aggregates.
[0007]
In the apparatus and method disclosed in JP-A-3-153864, particles are placed in a rotating container having a barrier and / or irregularities on the inner surface, and the core particle surface is coated by vapor deposition while rotating the rotating container. In such an apparatus or method, an aggregate of diamond powder particles that are fine core particle powder particles or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles are used. Since the action exceeding the cohesive force required to break the surface cannot be applied, the aggregate cannot be broken, but more or larger aggregates are only formed.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-141375, a powder placed in a reaction gas atmosphere is suspended by the flow of reaction gas and the action of gravity, and the powder is formed by a precipitate generated by a chemical reaction of the reaction gas. An apparatus for coating the surface of the is disclosed. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-43377 discloses a method of performing coating by performing a thermochemical reaction process while fluidizing fine particles under reduced pressure. In the apparatus or method using the fluidized bed by these air currents, it is practical to fluidize each of the diamond powder particles which are the particles of the fine particle core particle powder or the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles. It was impossible to break up the aggregate of diamond powder particles.
[0008]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-153789 discloses an apparatus for covering a metal by dropping a powder material in a vacuum vessel in which a metal vapor is generated. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-47004 discloses a method in which a monomer gas and powder particles are introduced into a high-frequency plasma region in a vacuum chamber and an organic coating film is formed by plasma polymerization. As in these apparatuses or methods, it was not possible to break the agglomerates of diamond powder particles, which are particles of fine particle core particle powder or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles, simply by introduction.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-80437 discloses a method of breaking and fluidizing an agglomerate of core particle powder with a low-frequency and high-frequency synthesized sound wave. However, in this method of applying vibration to the fluidized bed, the aggregate of the diamond powder particles, which are the particles of the fine particle core particle powder or the core particle powder mainly composed of the fine particles, cannot be broken.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 62-250172, as a pretreatment, the powder that has been jet milled is retained in a reduced pressure heat treatment chamber, subjected to heat treatment, and then spontaneously dropped into a sputtering chamber by a powder feeder. An apparatus and a method for introducing and covering a target by allowing it to fall naturally into a cylindrical sputtering chamber provided vertically are disclosed. In JP-A-2-153068, a powder that has been jet milled as a pretreatment is retained in a reduced pressure heat treatment chamber. After the heat treatment is performed, a sputtering source in the sputtering chamber is stored in a powder feeder. An apparatus and method are disclosed in which powder is introduced into a rotating container and sputtering is performed while the container is rotated. In these apparatuses, the powder is temporarily dispersed only at that time by the jet mill treatment, but this powder is retained in the heating step before coating. Even if it is temporarily dispersed in the primary particle state, it re-aggregates due to the retention of this powder in the heating process, and eventually remains agglomerated when introduced into the coating process.
[0009]
As described above, in all of the above, problems as an apparatus or method for coating diamond powder particles, which are particles of fine particle core particle powder or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles, have been solved. Therefore, the coated diamond powder is uniformly coated by a gas phase coating method using a substance serving as a binder and / or a substance serving as a sintering aid for each diamond powder particle as a coating forming substance. Particles could not be made.
[0010]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in reality, the diamond powder particles to be coated are particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less, and the particles of the fine particle core particle powder or the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are single. Elucidation of high-performance diamond sintered body and its manufacturing method with coated diamond powder particles that are coated on a particle basis with a substance that serves as a binder and / or a substance that serves as a sintering aid as a coating-forming substance. There is a strong demand.
The present invention relates to a substance serving as a binder and / or a substance serving as a sintering aid in a single particle unit to particles of fine particle core particle powder or diamond powder particles that are core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles. An object of the present invention is to provide a high-performance diamond sintered body that is uniformly, densely and strongly sintered, and has a highly controlled microstructure, and a method for producing the same, by using coated diamond particles coated with To do.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors have conducted intensive research, and as a result, the particles of the fine particle core particle powder or the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are simply converted into diamond powder particles that are diamond powder particles. In order to coat a substance serving as a binder and / or a substance serving as a sintering aid as a coating-forming substance on a particle basis, particles of core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less are mainly used. Starting coating of a highly dispersed core particle powder in a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture in a single particle state in a highly dispersed coating space with a dispersity β of 70% or more In the area, it was found that the coating had to be started.
[0012]
More specifically, (I) The particles of the core particle powder dispersed in the state of a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture in which the particles of the diamond powder are mainly present in the air in a single particle state are: Even if it does not stay, it tends to reaggregate over time due to Brownian aggregation, turbulent flow aggregation, acoustic wave aggregation, etc. Once reaggregated, it must be redispersed unless it is dispersed by a dispersion processing means having particularly high dispersion performance. It is difficult to re-disperse by breaking the state of aggregation. For this reason, the core particle powder particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in the volume-based frequency distribution are mainly present in the air in a single particle state. It is necessary to guide the core particle powder particles in the dispersed core particle powder particles / gas mixture to the coating start region of the coating space in a highly dispersed state where the dispersity β is 70% or more. (II) Particles of this core particle powder From one or more, which breaks up the aggregates and disperses the particles of the core particle powder in the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture mainly present in the air in a single particle state in a highly dispersed state. The present inventors have found that there is a need for a dispersion processing means group having a particularly high dispersion performance.
The coated diamond powder particles obtained as described above or a mixture containing the particles were sintered at an ultra-high pressure and high temperature of 2000 MPa or more, thereby being sintered uniformly, densely and firmly. As a result, a high performance coated diamond sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure was obtained.
[0013]
That is, the present invention sinters core particle powder particles made of diamond fine particles or core particle powder particles mainly made of the same fine particles, the surface of which is coated with a coating forming substance. In manufacturing the diamond sintered body, the diamond particles coated with the coating forming material are prepared by introducing the core particle powder into the coating space and generating the coating forming material precursor through the gas phase and / or the gas phase. The surface of the core forming powder precursor is brought into contact with and / or colliding with the core particle powder particles, and the surface of the core particle powder particles is coated with the coating forming substance,
(A) The final treatment means of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group is:
(A) a dispersing means for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder in the air; and
(B) In the mixture of the core particle powder particles and the gas in which the core particle powder particles are dispersed in the air, the low dispersion core particle powder portion is separated, and the core particle powder particles are mainly single. Highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means for selecting a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture existing in the air in the particle state, and this highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means High dispersion having a low dispersion core particle powder part selectively separated by the above-mentioned dispersion means in the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and a feedback means for conveying to the treatment means before the final dispersion means. Core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means,
By means of a group of finely dispersed fine particles selected from the above, particles of a fine particle core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in a volume-based frequency distribution or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed in the air. A dispersion process for making a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture,
(B) The particles of the core particle powder dispersed in this dispersion step are brought into contact with and / or collided with the coating forming material precursor in the coating start region of the coating space in a dispersed state with a dispersion degree β of 70% or more. Coating process to start coating,
Using the one prepared by the coating means consisting of
The present invention provides a method for producing a coated diamond sintered body characterized by sintering the coated diamond particles or a mixture containing the particles at a pressure of 2000 MPa or more and at a high temperature.
[0014]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a diamond sintered body as described above, wherein the diamond particles coated with the coating forming material are:
Step of crushing and / or crushing coated diamond particle agglomerates for crushing and / or crushing the agglomerates of coated diamond particles that have formed agglomerates in contact via a coating-forming substance of coated diamond particles And / or
A selective separation process for selectively separating the aggregated diamond particle aggregate and the diamond particles coated with primary particles.
Further, the present invention also relates to a method for producing the above sintered body in which the coated diamond particles or a mixture containing the particles is sintered at a pressure of 2000 MPa or more and at a high temperature.
[0015]
Further, the present invention provides a method for producing a diamond sintered body as described above, wherein the surface of the core particle powder composed of diamond fine particles, or the core particle powder composed mainly of the same particles, whose surface is to be coated with a coating forming substance. The particles are particles of a fine particle core particle powder coated with a coating material derived from the immersion method by a dipping method using a molten salt bath, or a core particle powder particle mainly composed of fine particles. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the above sintered body, in which coated diamond particles obtained by coating with a forming substance or a mixture containing the particles are sintered at a pressure of 2000 MPa or more and at a high temperature.
In the present invention, the above-mentioned coated diamond is sintered at (A) a thermodynamically stable region of diamond and / or (B) dynamic and / or static under an ultrahigh pressure / high temperature of 2000 MPa or more. This also relates to a method for producing a sintered body.
[0016]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a diamond sintered body as described above, wherein the diamond particles coated with the coating-forming material are core particles having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle size of 10 μm or less, and fine particles are highly dispersed. Highly dispersed fine particles having a dispersion performance in which the dispersion of the particles of the core particle powder is made 70% or more by dispersing in the air by the final treatment of the treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder. A dispersion step is provided by the treatment means group, and the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder dispersed by the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group is directly discharged to the coating step, or the fine particles are dispersed between the dispersion step and the coating step. A hollow member, an intermediate member composed of a member that forms a hollow, inevitable for conveyance from a discharge part that discharges the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder dispersed by the high dispersion treatment means group, and In the air of particles in a gas / air mixture of high-dispersion core particle powders that are conveyed through one or more members selected from the type and / or dispersed in the air with the above-mentioned dispersion performance Air dispersion maintaining means for maintaining the dispersion state, air dispersion promoting means for enhancing the air dispersion state of the particles in the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder dispersed in the air with the above dispersion performance, and core particles In the mixture of powder particles and gas, the low-dispersion core particle powder part is separated, and the core particle powder particles are mainly in a single particle state in the air. It is prepared by conveying through one or more particles / gas mixture selection means of highly dispersed core particle powder for selecting particles / gas mixture, and this coated diamond particle, or the same particle A mixture containing a pressure of 2000 MPa or more and a high temperature The present invention also relates to a method for producing the sintered body that is sintered at a predetermined temperature.
[0017]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a diamond sintered body as described above, wherein the diamond particles coated with the coating-forming material are core particles having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle size of 10 μm or less, and fine particles are highly dispersed. Highly dispersed fine particles having a dispersion performance in which the dispersion of the particles of the core particle powder is made 70% or more by dispersing in the air by the final treatment of the treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder. It is prepared by carrying out part or more of the dispersion step by the treatment means group and part or more of the coating step by sharing a part or more of the space, and the coated diamond particles, or the same The present invention also relates to a method for producing the above sintered body, in which a mixture containing particles is sintered at a pressure of 2000 MPa or more and at a high temperature.
[0018]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a diamond sintered body as described above, wherein the diamond particles coated with the coating-forming material are core particles having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle size of 10 μm or less, and fine particles are highly dispersed. By the final treatment of the treatment means group, it is dispersed in the air to obtain a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder, and the dispersion degree β of the core particle powder particles is 70% or more in the space region, Position the coating start area of the coating space in the space area including the surface through which all of the particles of the core particle powder in the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core powder pass, or use a volume-based frequency distribution. The core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less is highly dispersed in the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, and the degree of dispersion of the particles of the core particle powder Sky with β over 70% The coated diamond is prepared by locating a coating start region of the coating space in a spatial region including a surface through which all particles to be collected in the collecting part of the collecting means pass. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the sintered body, in which particles or a mixture containing the particles is sintered at a pressure of 2000 MPa or more and at a high temperature.
[0019]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a diamond sintered body as described above, wherein the diamond particles coated with the coating forming material have a particle size distribution and an average particle diameter of D.MIn the volume-based frequency distribution ([DM/ 5,5DM), ≧ 90%), and prepared by coating a core-forming powder with a coating-forming substance, and the coated diamond particles, or a mixture containing the same, is subjected to a pressure of 2000 MPa or more, and The present invention also relates to a method for producing the sintered body sintered at a high temperature.
The present invention also relates to a coated diamond sintered body produced by the production method described above.
[0020]
Thus, according to the present invention, a core particle powder particle composed of diamond fine particles or a core particle powder particle composed mainly of the same fine particles, the surface of which is coated with a coating forming substance. When producing a sintered body of diamond particles by sintering at a pressure of 2000 MPa or higher and at a high temperature, the above-mentioned surface is produced as a diamond particle coated with a coating forming material through a gas phase by a gas phase method. Highly dispersed core particles comprising a coating forming material precursor and / or a gas phase coating forming material precursor and fine particles having an average particle size of 10 μm or less dispersed in the air by the final treatment means of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group In a dispersion state in which the degree of dispersion of the core particle powder in the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder is β ≧ 70% in the coating start region of the coating space. Confluence By using a material in which the surface of the diamond particle is coated with a coating-forming material by contacting and / or colliding, the surface of the diamond particle that has not been obtained so far is uniform, dense, and In addition, a high-performance diamond sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure that is strongly sintered can be obtained. When preparing the above-described coated core particles, the coating-forming material precursor was in a gas phase state composed of atoms, molecules, ions, clusters, atomic clusters, molecular clusters, cluster ions, etc., and the region was generated through the gas phase. However, by starting contact and / or collision with the highly dispersed core particles, the coating-forming substance is firmly bonded to the surface of the individual core particles in the primary particle state. Coated diamond particles coated with a coating-forming substance on a single particle basis.
[0021]
Before describing the present invention in detail below, the terms used in this specification will be defined first, and the specific contents of the terms will be explained if necessary, and then diamond particles coated with a coating-forming material. An explanation will be given of what technical means the preparation of is performed.
[0022]
Coated diamond particles
The coated diamond particles refer to the following diamond particles that have been coated. For example, specifically, a particle in which a coating forming substance is coated with diamond particles in one or more forms of ultrafine particles, islands, continuous materials, uniform films, protrusions, and the like.
[0023]
Diamond raw material powder particles
Diamond particles for coated diamond particles according to the present invention, wherein the diamond powder particles are particles of a fine particle core particle powder or a core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles, and the surface of the diamond particle is coated with a coating forming substance. The raw material particles include natural and / or artificial diamond powder particles.
As a diamond raw material powder for producing a high-performance coated diamond sintered body, diamond particles having a particle diameter of 10 μm or less are used. Specifically, diamond has an average particle size DMIs 10 μm or less and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 5,5DM] ≧ 90%) diamond powder particles are generally in circulation and can be applied. Average particle size D with a relatively narrow distribution depending on the applicationMIs 10 μm or less and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 3,3DM,> 90%) diamond powder particles, or the average particle diameter D of which the particle diameter of the diamond particles is controlled by classification or the like and whose distribution is narrowerMIs 10 μm or less and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 2,3DM/ 2], ≧ 90%) diamond powder particles can be selected.
When diamond particles with such a distribution are applied as raw powder particles, they are uniformly, densely and firmly sintered without any unsintered portion of the diamond particle surface in the coated diamond sintered body, and are highly controlled. A high-performance coated high-density diamond sintered body having a formed microstructure can be produced.
The diamond sintered body of the present invention is a diamond obtained by sintering coated diamond powder particles coated with a coating forming material on the surface of the diamond powder particles at an ultrahigh pressure and high temperature of 2000 MPa or more. It is made of a coated diamond sintered body containing
[0024]
Gas phase coating method
The vapor phase coating method is a method in which the raw material of the coating forming material is coated at least once through a gas phase state consisting of one or more of molecular flow, ion flow, plasma, gas, vapor, and aerosol, or coating in a gas phase state A method of coating with the raw material of the forming substance.
[0025]
Core particles
A core particle means the particle | grain used as the target object which coat | covers. This is also referred to as matrix particles, seed particles or coated particles.
This core particle consists of diamond particles.
[0026]
Core particle powder
The core particle powder refers to a powder composed of core particles. The particles of the core particle powder are particles constituting the core particle powder. The particles of the fine particle core particle powder used for the coating used in the present invention or the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles have an average particle size of 10 μm or less in a volume-based frequency distribution.
Preferably, the average particle size is DMDMIs 10 μm or less and the particle size distribution is a volume-based frequency distribution ([DM/ 5,5DM] ≧ 90%). In such a powder having a relatively narrow distribution, the dispersion characteristics or aggregation characteristics of the powder are characterized by the average particle diameter, and DMDispersion can be achieved by operating the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group under conditions suitable for the above value.
For powders with a core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less in a wide particle size distribution or a distribution having a plurality of peaks separated from each other, an appropriate selective separation process such as a classification process is preferably performed. A coating treatment is performed on each classified powder. As a result, for each of the classified powders, coating is started in the coating start region of the coating space with a dispersity β of 70% or more under the above conditions, and each particle of the core particle powder Can be coated.
[0027]
Coating material
A coating forming substance refers to a substance that forms a coating on an object to be coated. For example, it specifically refers to a substance that forms a coating on the particles of the core particle powder in the form of one or more of ultrafine particles, islands, continuous material, uniform film, protrusions, and the like.
In particular, when the form of the coating forming substance is ultrafine particles, the ultrafine particles have a particle diameter in the range of, for example, 0.005 μm to 0.5 μm.
The coating material is formed as it is by the coating material itself, or the coating material reacts with the diamond of the core particle and / or dissolves in the diamond particle and / or two or more types. The coating forming substances react and / or alloy and / or form a solid solution to form one or more of the desired inorganic compounds, alloys, intermetallic compounds, etc. It is selected from a single substance and / or compound serving as a sintering aid and / or a binder for promoting the sintering of diamond particles and / or a single substance and / or compound serving as a surface modifier for diamond particles.
[0028]
That is, a coating-forming substance can be selected as a surface modifier that controls the grain boundaries of diamond particles. If necessary, for example, the chemical bond between the diamond particles and the sintering aid and / or the binder is increased, or the individual diamond particles are isolated from any material, thereby reacting the diamond with any material. Or suppress the phase transition to graphite when the sintering conditions are pressures of 2000 MPa or more and it is necessary to select sintering conditions in which the diamond is thermodynamically metastable. You can also. Thereby, the range of selection of the coating forming material as the sintering aid and / or the binder is greatly widened, which is preferable.
[0029]
These coating-forming substances are periodic table 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, group 8 metal, semiconductor, semimetal, rare earth metal , One or more non-metals and oxides thereof, nitrides, carbides, oxynitrides, oxycarbides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, borides, silicides, such as Al, B, Si, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Nb, V, Zr, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Cr, Cu, Mo, Y, La, TiAl, TiThreeAl, TiAlThree, TiNi, NiAl, NiThreeAl, SiC, TiC, ZrC, BFourC, WC, W2C, HfC, VC, TaC, Ta2C, NbC, Mo2C, CrThreeC2, SiThreeNFour, TiN, ZrN, Si2N2O, AlN, HfN, VxN (x = 1 to 3), NbN, TaN, Ta2N, TiB, TiB2, ZrB2, VB, VThreeB2, VB2, NbB, NbB2, TaB, TaB2, MoB, MoB2, MoBFour, Mo2B, WB, W2B, W2BFive, LaB6, B13P2, MoSi2, BP, Al2OThree, ZrO2, MgAl2OFour(Spinel), Al2SiOFiveIt can be a material containing one or more of (mullite).
The addition amount of the coating-forming substance that coats the surface of the coated diamond particles can be selected from a very small amount to a large amount.
[0030]
Definition of input to cladding space
The introduction into the coating space refers to introducing the core particle powder into the coating space by, for example, a free fall or the like. When the carrier gas is used, the core particle powder is introduced in the direction of the flow of the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder, or the gas is put on the gas in the direction of the flow or the direction of the gas is changed. It means to be introduced. Or it refers to introducing under the action of carrier gas. For example, it may be introduced by the wave phenomenon of the carrier gas, specifically, non-linear wave. Alternatively, it may be introduced into the coating space by a sound wave, an ultrasonic wave, a magnetic field, an electron beam or the like in a gas. It also means introducing by an external field such as an electric field, a magnetic field, or an electron beam. Specifically, it means charging the powder particles with an electric field, magnetic field, electron beam or the like, or magnetizing them and introducing them into the coating space by attractive force or repulsive force. In addition, it includes suction and introduction by back pressure or decompression of gas.
[0031]
Covered space
The coating space is a space in which the coating forming material precursor generated from the raw material of the coating forming material through the gas phase and / or the coating forming material precursor in the gas phase and the particles of the core particle powder contact and / or collide with each other. Say. Or the space area | region which coat | covers the surface of the particle | grains of core particle powder with a coating forming substance.
[0032]
Coating chamber
The coating chamber refers to a chamber having a part or more of the coating space. More specifically, the coating chamber is a partitioned or substantially partitioned (substantially closed or semi-closed) chamber including the coating space and including a part or more of the coating space.
[0033]
In the air
“Air” refers to a space in a vacuum or gas phase. Here, in the present invention, the gas phase state refers to a state of molecular flow, ion flow, plasma, gas, vapor or the like. Technically, vacuum means a reduced pressure state. Strictly speaking, gases, molecules, atoms, ions, etc. are included under any reduced pressure.
[0034]
Coating material precursor
A coating-forming material precursor is a precursor of a coating-forming material. More specifically, the coating material is formed on and / or synthesized from the raw material of the coating-forming material in the vapor phase as it is or through the vapor phase from the raw material of the coating-forming material, and the coating is formed on the core particles that are particles to be coated. The substance up to just before. The coating forming material precursor is not limited in state as long as it is formed and / or synthesized from the raw material of the coating forming material via the gas phase. When the raw material of the coating forming material is a gas phase, the raw material can also be a coating forming material precursor. The coating-forming material precursor itself may be in the gas phase. Further, when the coating forming material precursor is a reactive material, it may be before the reaction, during the reaction, or after the reaction. Specific examples of the coating forming material precursor include ions, atoms, molecules, clusters, atomic clusters, molecular clusters, cluster ions, ultrafine particles, gas, vapor, and aerosol.
[0035]
Raw material for coating forming materials
The raw material of the coating forming substance refers to a raw material substance that becomes a substance that forms a coating through a gas phase. Specific examples of the form of the raw material for the coating-forming substance include massive solids, powder particles, and gas liquids.
[0036]
Dispersion β
The dispersity β is an index for evaluating the dispersion performance of a powder dispersion apparatus as proposed by Masuda and Goto et al. (See Chemical Engineering, 22nd Autumn Meeting Presentation, P349 (1989)). , Defined as the ratio of the weight of the particles in the apparent primary particle state to the weight of the total particles. Here, the apparent primary particle state is a mass-based frequency distribution f of powder particles in an arbitrary dispersion state.m2And the mass-based frequency distribution of completely dispersed powder particles fm1The ratio of the overlapping parts of the following is expressed by β in the following formula.
[0037]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003948634
In the above formula, the unit of particle diameter (μm) is not specified.
The above formula evaluates the degree of dispersion based on the particle size distribution expressed on a mass basis. Originally, the degree of dispersion should be evaluated based on the particle size distribution expressed on a volume basis. When the powder particle density is the same, the particle size distribution expressed by mass and the particle size distribution expressed by volume are the same. Therefore, a mass-based particle size distribution that is practically easy to measure is measured and used as a volume-based particle size distribution. Therefore, the original degree of dispersion β is expressed by the following equation and the area of the shaded portion in FIG.
[0038]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003948634
In the above formula, the unit of particle diameter (μm) is not specified.
The distribution of the core particle powder and the average particle diameter are basically based on volume unless otherwise specified.
[0039]
Volume-based frequency distribution
Volume-based frequency distribution refers to a distribution of particle diameters expressed as a volume ratio included in a certain particle diameter.
[0040]
([D1, D2], ≧ 90%)
([D1, D2], ≧ 90%) distribution is D1, D2Is the particle diameter, D1<D2D1D2The following particles represent a distribution containing 90% or more by volume, and a powder composed of particles having a hatched portion of 90% or more as shown in FIG. 1 (b).
[0041]
Volume-based frequency distribution ([DM/ 5,5DM], ≧ 90%)
The particle size distribution is a volume-based frequency distribution (([DM/ 5,5DM], ≧ 90%) distribution is DMIs the volume-based average particle size, DMMore than 1/5 times the particle diameter, DMRepresents a distribution containing 90% or more by volume of particles having a particle size of 5 times or less. For example, average particle diameter DMIs 5 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 5,5DM], ≧ 90%) represents a distribution in which the volume-based average particle diameter is 5 μm, and particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 25 μm or less are contained by 90% or more by volume. Here, the volume-based average particle diameter DMIs
[Equation 3]
Figure 0003948634
Or technically, a certain particle size interval is Di± △ Di/ 2 (△ DiIs the volume of the particles within the section width)iThen,
DM= Σ (viDi) / Σvi
It is expressed.
[0042]
Covering start area
A region where coating is started for the first time after the final processing of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group is referred to as a coating start region. Therefore, even before the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, even the region where the coating is started for the first time is not the coating start region here.
[0043]
Dispersion β in the coating start region
In the present invention, a core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder. A coating chamber is provided in which the coating start region of the coating space is positioned in a region where the dispersion degree β of the core particle powder is 70% or more. If the dispersity is in the coating start region of the coating space, particles of the core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in a volume-based frequency distribution or core particle powder particles mainly composed of particles are substantially At least a part of the surface of all the core particle powder particles passing through the coating start area of the coating space, and the coating forming material precursor. Since it contacts and / or collides with each other, it is always possible to attach a coating forming substance to each unit of particles.
[0044]
Preferably, in the coating start area of the coating space, the core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less with a volume-based frequency distribution is dispersed in the air by the final dispersion treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to achieve high dispersion. A particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder is used, and the degree of dispersion β of the core particle powder is 80% or more. If the degree of dispersion in the coating start region of this coating space, the core particle powder is a core particle powder consisting mainly of fine particles or particles of a fine particle core particle having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle size of 10 μm or less. The core particles are virtually closed by the core particles, and the coating-forming material precursor can be contacted and / or collided everywhere on the surface of each particle. The particle surface can be coated almost uniformly.
[0045]
More preferably, in the coating start region of the coating space, the core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less with a volume-based frequency distribution is dispersed in the air by the final dispersion treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to increase the particle size. A dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture is used, and the dispersion degree β of the core particle powder particles is 90% or more. If the degree of dispersion of the coating start area of this coating space is the core particle powder, the core particle powder is composed mainly of fine particles having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle size of 10 μm or less. Even body particles are virtually non-agglomerated and can be coated virtually uniformly on the surface of each individual particle.
In particular, since the processing efficiency may be low, the degree of dispersion is more preferably 95% or more when high-quality coating is desired. In this case, it is possible to process a small amount of the core particle powder particles to reduce the number concentration in the air of the completely dispersed core particle powder particles. As a result, the entire surface of each particle can be uniformly coated.
[0046]
Fine particle high dispersion treatment means
Fine particle high dispersion treatment means group
(A) having at least one dispersing means,
(B) As the final processing means,
(A) a dispersing means for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder in the air, or
(B) In the mixture of the core particle powder particles and the gas in which the core particle powder particles are dispersed in the air, the low dispersion core particle powder portion is separated, and the core particle powder particles are mainly single. Highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means for selecting a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture existing in the air in the particle state, and this highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means High dispersion having a low dispersion core particle powder portion separated by the above-mentioned dispersion means in the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and a feedback means for conveying to the treatment means before the final dispersion means. Core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means,
It is what has.
Preferably, a core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder, The core particle powder has a dispersion performance such that the particle dispersity β is 70% or more.
Corresponding to various dispersion degrees in the coating start region, for example, β ≧ 70%, 80%, 90%, by providing the fine particle high dispersion processing means group having the same or better dispersion performance, in the coating start region, High quality coating according to the degree of dispersion can be applied.
[0047]
Final processing means
When the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group is a dispersion means, this dispersion processing means is called the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group. Also, because the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group was in the low dispersion state during the particle / gas mixture selection processing step of the highly dispersed core particle powder to the final dispersion means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means. The particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder or the processing means before the final dispersing means is provided with a feedback means for conveying the selectively separated part to the particle / gas mixture. In the case of a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means equipped with a feedback means for conveying a portion selectively separated because it was in a low dispersion state during the mixture selection processing step, this highly dispersed core particle powder This particle / gas mixture selection means is called the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group.
In addition, it is provided before the particle / gas mixture selection means of the highly dispersed core particle powder provided with the feedback means which is the final processing means of the fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group (for example, the highly dispersed core particle powder provided with this feedback means. The particle / gas mixture selection means of the highly dispersed core particle powder is a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means regardless of the presence or absence of the feedback means, between the body particle / gas mixture selection means and the final dispersion means or before the final dispersion means. Is a component of
[0048]
Dispersion means
A means used for dispersing the fine particles is referred to as a dispersing means. Any dispersing means that has a slight or slight dispersion effect can be used as the dispersing means, and this is used as the dispersing means. For example, a rotary feeder or injection feeder for pneumatic transportation generally used as a supply means (powder engineering society edition: “Powder Engineering Handbook”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (1986) P568, P571) also has a dispersion effect. When used as an intended means, it is a dispersion means. The dispersion maintaining / promoting means described later is also a dispersion means when used for the purpose of dispersion (for the purpose of increasing β). The dispersing means may be a single device or device, or may be a combined device or device, and these are collectively referred to as a fine particle high dispersion processing means group.
This fine particle high-dispersion processing means group is an acceleration of the particles of the core particle powder and / or dispersion by an air flow placed in a velocity gradient, collision of the particles of the core particle powder with a stationary obstacle and / or an obstacle made of a rotating body. Of one or more selected dispersions, such as dispersion by pulverization and / or pulsating and / or rotating drum and / or mechanical disintegration consisting of vibration and / or scraping. The one with the mechanism.
[0049]
Specifically, the fine particle high dispersion processing means group includes an ejector-type disperser, a venturi-type disperser, a thin tube, a stirrer, a disperser using obstacles in an air stream, a disperser using jet blowing, a spiral Disperser using tubes, rotating blades, disperser using rotating pins (cage mill), fluidized bed type disperser, disperser using pulsating flow, disperser using rotating drum, disperser using vibration Disperser that uses scraping with a vibration sieve, scraper, SAEI, Gonell disperser, medium strip disperser, Roller disperser, orifice disperser, BM disperser, Timbrell disperser, Wright disperser Dispersing means consisting of one or more selected machines, etc. (Powder Engineering Society: “Powder Engineering Handbook”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (1986) P430).
[0050]
Further, a disperser using a stirring blade described in JP-A No. 56-1336, a disperser using a high-speed air flow and a dispersion nozzle described in JP-A No. 58-163454, and described in JP-A No. 59-199027. Disperser utilizing the dispersing action by the rotating blades and the dispersing action by the plasma ions, the dispersing machine utilizing the dispersing action by the plasma ions described in JP-A-59-207319, and the ejector described in JP-A-59-216616 Disperser using the dispersion action of the plasma ion and the ejector described in JP-A-59-225728, Disperser using the dispersion action of the ion flow, Dispersion action of the plasma ion described in JP-A-59-183845 , A dispersing machine using a dispersing blade and a dispersing action by pressure gas as described in JP-A 63-166421, JP-A 62-1 A disperser using a line or ring-shaped slit-type jet nozzle described in No. 6527, a disperser using mesh blades described in JP-A 63-221829, and an injection nozzle described in JP-A 63-1629 Disperser using a dispersion action by a high-speed air flow from, a disperser using a large number of pores described in Japanese Utility Model Sho 63-9218, an ejector type disperser described in Japanese Utility Model Sho 62-156854, The thing described in the gazettes, such as a disperser using the pore and orifice described in Sho 63-6034, can also be used.
Examples of suitable dispersing means for the fine particle high-dispersion processing means group include apparatuses described in Japanese Patent Application No. 63-131358, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-71071, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-218537.
[0051]
Particle / gas mixture selection means for highly dispersed core particle powder
The particle / gas mixture selection means of the highly dispersed core particle powder is a particle in which the particle / gas mixture of the low dispersion core particle powder is separated from the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder, and the particles are mainly in a single particle state. Means for selecting a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder containing. Aggregated particles, which are aggregates of primary particles, can be separated by, for example, dry classification means because the apparent particle size is larger than the particle size of the primary particles. Examples of particle / gas mixture selection means for this highly dispersed core particle powder include classification means using gravity, classification means using inertial force, classification means using centrifugal force, classification means using static electricity, flow One or more dry classification means selected from classification means using a layer, etc. may be mentioned.
Examples of particle / gas mixture selection means for highly dispersed core particle powder include gravity classifier, inertia classifier, centrifugal classifier, cyclone, air separator, micron separator, microplex, multiplex, zigzag classifier, Accucut , Conical separator, Turbo classifier, Super separator, Dispersion separator, Elbow jet, Fluidized bed classifier, Virtual impactor, O-Sepa, Sieve, Vibrating screen, Shifter (Powder Engineering Handbook: “Powder Engineering Handbook” Kogyo Shimbun, P514 (1986)).
[0052]
Core particle powder particle / gas mixture
The core particle powder particle / gas mixture is: (a) a homogeneous flow in which the core particle powder particles are uniformly suspended in the air (uniform floating flow); (b) the core particle powder particles are Inhomogeneous flow (non-homogeneous floating flow) showing non-uniform distribution in a certain region in the air, (c) flow with sliding layer of core particle powder particles (sliding flow), or (d) core A flow with a stationary layer of particles of particulate powder.
[0053]
Low dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture
What is a low-dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture? Core particle powder in which the core particle powder particles are mainly in a state other than a single particle state in the core particle powder particles / gas mixture The body particle / gas mixture.
[0054]
Particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder
The particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder refers to a particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder in which the particles of the core particle powder mainly exist in the air in a single particle state. The particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder actually contains agglomerated particles even though it is extremely highly dispersed. The particle / gas mixture of the low-dispersion core particle powder actually contains single particles that are not agglomerated, and selectively separates the particles / gas mixture of the low-dispersion core particle powder and the particles of the high-dispersion core particle powder. -Divided into gas mixtures. The particle / gas mixture of the low dispersion core particle powder becomes a particle / gas mixture of the high dispersion core particle powder by selective separation and / or redispersion of the aggregated particles.
[0055]
Collection means
A means for taking out the coated particles coated in the coating space is called a collecting means. The part of the collection means where the collection process is performed is called a collection unit. The coated particles coated through the coating start area of the coating space are directly taken out from the air and collected, or taken out from the air and temporarily stored and then collected, or collected together with the gas.
As a collection unit of the collection unit, a collection unit of the collection unit using a partition wall (obstacle), a collection unit of the collection unit using gravity, a collection unit of the collection unit using inertial force, a collection unit using centrifugal force Recovery unit, recovery unit recovery unit using attractive force due to electrification, recovery unit recovery unit using thermophoretic force, recovery unit recovery unit using Brownian diffusion, suction force due to gas back pressure or decompression, etc. A collection unit or the like of the used collection means can be used.
Preferable examples of the collecting unit of the collecting means include a gravity dust collector, an inertia dust collector, a centrifugal dust collector, a filtration dust collector, an electric dust collector, a cleaning dust collector, a particle packed bed, a cyclone, a bag filter, a ceramic filter, and a scrubber.
[0056]
Next, a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means employed when preparing coated diamond particles used in the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0057]
Explanation of diagram of fine particle high dispersion treatment means
FIG. 2A is a block diagram showing an example of a basic configuration of a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing coated diamond particles. The final dispersion means A for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder, and the component d of the dispersion processing means group before the final dispersion means. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder. As the component d, any treatment means such as a dispersion means, a supply means, a particle / gas mixture selection means of highly dispersed core particle powder can be used alone or in combination. The component d is not necessarily provided. The fine particle highly-dispersed processing means group preferably has a dispersity β of the dispersity β with respect to the core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less after the processing of the dispersing means A as the final processing means. It is the structure which can implement | achieve 70% or more.
[0058]
FIG. 2B is a block diagram showing a second example of the basic configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in preparing coated diamond particles. The final dispersion means A for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder, the particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder in which the particles of the core particle powder are mainly present in the air in the final dispersion means A The final high dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B provided with the feedback means C for feeding back the gas / gas mixture η of the low dispersion core particle powder other than the gas mixture, the dispersion before the final dispersion means It comprises a component d of the processing means group and a component e of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group between the final dispersion means and the final selection means. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder. As the component d, any processing means such as a dispersion means, a supply means, a selection means or the like can be used alone or in combination. As the component e, any processing means other than the dispersion means, for example, any processing means such as a supply means and a selection means can be used alone or in combination. The components d and e are not necessarily provided. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group is preferably configured such that after the treatment by the selection means B which is the final treatment means, the degree of dispersion of the distribution of the core particle powder can be 70% or more.
[0059]
FIG. 2 (c) is a block diagram showing a third example of the basic configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in preparing coated diamond particles. Highly dispersed core particles in which the particles of the core particle powder are mainly present in the air in the form of a single particle to the final dispersion means A for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder and the processing means before the final dispersion means A Highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B provided with feedback means C for feeding back particles / gas mixture η of low dispersion core particle powder other than powder particles / gas mixture, final dispersion means It consists of a component d of the previous fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and a component e of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group between the final dispersion means and the last selection means. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder. As the component d, any processing means such as a dispersion means, a supply means, a selection means or the like can be used alone or in combination. As the component d, processing means other than the dispersion means, for example, arbitrary processing means such as supply means and selection means can be used alone or in combination. The components d and e are not necessarily provided. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group is preferably configured such that after the treatment by the selection means B which is the final treatment means, the degree of dispersion of the distribution of the core particle powder can be 70% or more.
[0060]
In addition, since it is the above structures, you may also include in the structure of this fine particle highly dispersed process means group powder supply sources, such as a supply tank and a core particle production | generation means. For example, in the case of FIG. 2 (c), it goes without saying that the configuration in which the feedback destination of the feedback means C is the supply tank may be the configuration of the highly dispersed processing means group. Needless to say, a crushing step of crushing and / or crushing the particles of the core particle powder may be inserted before the dispersion step of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group.
[0061]
A more detailed description will be given based on a more detailed block diagram of a concrete representative example of the basic configuration of the above-described fine particle high dispersion processing means group.
Configuration 1
FIG. 3A is a block diagram for explaining a first configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in preparing coated diamond particles, and corresponds to FIG. This example includes a supply tank 100 for supplying core particle powder to be coated, and a final dispersion means A for dispersing the core particle powder to be coated. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0062]
Configuration 2
FIG. 3 (b) is a block diagram for explaining a second configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in preparing the coated diamond particles, and corresponds to FIG. 2 (a). This example includes a supply tank 100 for supplying the core particle powder to be coated, a dispersion means a for dispersing the core particle powder to be coated, and a final dispersion means A for dispersing the core particle powder to be coated. Yes. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0063]
Configuration 3
FIG. 3 (c) is a block diagram for explaining a third configuration of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing coated diamond particles, and corresponds to FIG. 2 (a). In this example, the supply tank 100 for supplying the core particle powder to be coated, the dispersion means a for dispersing the core particle powder to be coated, and the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed by the dispersion means a A feedback means C for feeding back the particles / gas mixture η of the low dispersion core particle powder other than the particles / gas mixture of the high dispersion core particle powder mainly existing in the air in a single particle state to the dispersion means a, Highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means b for mainly introducing a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture into the final dispersion means A, and final dispersion means for dispersing the coated core particle powder. A. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0064]
Configuration 4
FIG. 3 (d) is a block diagram for explaining a fourth configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in preparing the coated diamond particles, and corresponds to FIG. 2 (b). This example shows a supply tank 100 for supplying coated core particle powder, a final dispersion means A for dispersing the coated core particle powder, and a particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed by the final dispersion means A. The feedback means for feeding back to the dispersion means A the particles / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder mainly existing in the air in a single particle state, and the particles / gas mixture η of the low dispersion core particle powder other than C, the final high-dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B for releasing the high-dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0065]
Configuration 5
FIG. 3 (e) is a block diagram for explaining the fifth configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in preparing the coated diamond particles, and corresponds to FIG. 2 (b). In this example, a supply tank 100 for supplying coated core particle powder, a dispersing means a for dispersing the coated core particle powder, a final dispersing means A for dispersing the coated core particle powder, and a final dispersing means Of the particles / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed in A, the particles / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder mainly existing in the air in a single particle state, The feedback means C feeds back the particle / gas mixture η to the dispersion means A, and the final highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B that releases the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder. Yes. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0066]
Configuration 6
FIG. 3 (f) is a block diagram for explaining a sixth configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in preparing coated diamond particles, and corresponds to FIG. 2 (b). This example mainly removes the particles / gas mixture of the low-dispersion core particle powder from the supply tank 100 for supplying the core particle powder to be coated, and the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder, and mainly high dispersion. A highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means b for introducing the core particle powder particle / gas mixture into the dispersing means A, a final dispersing means A for dispersing the selectively separated core particle powder particles, and a final Low-dispersion core particle powder other than the particles / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state from the particles / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed by the dispersing means A A feedback means C for feeding back the body particle / gas mixture η to the dispersion means A, and a final high dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B for releasing the highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture. Has been. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0067]
Configuration 7
FIG. 3G is a block diagram for explaining a seventh configuration of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing coated diamond particles, and corresponds to FIG. In this example, a supply tank 100 for supplying coated core particle powder, a dispersing means a for dispersing the coated core particle powder, a final dispersing means A for dispersing the coated core particle powder, and a final dispersing means Of the particles / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed in A, the particles / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder mainly existing in the air in a single particle state, A feedback means C for feeding back the particle / gas mixture η to the dispersion means a, and a final high dispersion core particle powder / gas mixture selection means B for releasing the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder. Yes. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0068]
In order to maintain the highly dispersed state of the fine particles thus achieved, an air dispersion maintaining means can be added to the fine particle highly dispersed processing means group. The air dispersion maintaining means here means means for preventing the re-aggregation of the particles of the core particle powder dispersed and supported in the air and maintaining the dispersity β. In order to promote the highly dispersed state of the core particles thus achieved, an air dispersion promoting means can be added between the fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group and the coating chamber. Air dispersion promoting means here means mainly promoting the re-dispersion of the re-aggregated particles among the core particle powder particles dispersed and supported in the air, slowing down the dispersion state, or once decreasing Means for promoting re-dispersion so that the dispersed state is restored to the original highly dispersed state.
[0069]
Preferable examples of the air dispersion maintaining means or the air dispersion promoting means include a pipe vibration device, a pipe heating device, a plasma generator, and a charging device.
The pipe vibration device is a means for suppressing reagglomeration and maintaining high dispersion by giving vibrations that cannot be called a disperser to particles dispersed in the air by vibration of the pipe where the oscillator is installed. It is a means for promoting the dispersion of the particles.
The pipe heating device expands the carrier gas by applying heat from the outside of the carrier gas using a heated pipe, accelerates the flow velocity to the extent that it cannot be called a disperser, suppresses reaggregation, and disperses the reaggregated particles. It is a means to promote.
The plasma generator generates plasma in the air in which the core particle powder is dispersedly supported, and by means of collision between the plasma ions and the core particles, means for suppressing reaggregation and maintaining a highly dispersed state or reaggregation It is a means for promoting particle dispersion.
The charging device generates monopolar ions in the air carrying the core particle powder in a dispersed manner by means of corona discharge, electron beam, radiation, etc., and passes the particles through a monopolar ion atmosphere so that the particles are monopolar. Or a means for suppressing reaggregation by electrostatic repulsion and maintaining a highly dispersed state, or a means for promoting dispersion of reaggregated particles.
The core particle powder in a highly dispersed state of the fine particles thus formed is sent to a coating chamber in order to coat the surface of the particles with a coating forming substance. This coating chamber is provided with a coating space including a coating start region.
[0070]
It is desirable that the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and the coating chamber be directly connected, but they may be connected using a hollow member and / or a pipe that are inevitable for conveyance. Also in this case, it is essential to realize β ≧ 70% in the coating start region.
When the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and the coating chamber are placed separately and connected between them, the core particle powder may be introduced into the coating chamber in its dispersed state. For this purpose, an air dispersion maintaining means and / or an air dispersion promoting means and / or a core particle powder which is an apparatus for maintaining the dispersed state of the core particle powder during this period. Highly dispersed core particle powder particles that separate the low-dispersed core particle powder portion from the particle / gas mixture and select the highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture mainly containing particles in a single particle state -A gas mixture selection means can also be provided.
In preparing the coated diamond particles, the fine particle high dispersion processing means group may share a part or more of the space with (1) the coating chamber, or (2) the coating space, or (3) the coating start region. it can.
For example, a dispersion space and a coating chamber in the fine particle high dispersion means group, a dispersion space in the fine particle dispersion means group and a coating space having a coating start area, or a dispersion space and coating in the fine particle dispersion means group. The starting area can also be shared spatially.
Here, the coating start region is a coating forming material precursor and / or a coating forming material precursor in a gas phase state that is produced through a gas phase on a highly dispersed core particle powder conveyed in a dispersion state of β ≧ 70%. It refers to the region where the body contacts and / or collides and starts covering, and the following modes shown in FIGS. 4 (a) to 4 (e) are considered.
That is, in FIGS. 4A to 4E, the coating start region is a region indicated by 2.
[0071]
In FIG. 4 (a), the coating start region 2 of the coating space where coating is started in a dispersion state of β ≧ 70% with respect to the powder covers the discharge part 1 of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group or the fine particle high dispersion processing means group. Provide.
In FIG. 4B, all of the particles 4 of the core particle powder discharged from the discharge part 1 of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group or a part of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, preferably the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group pass. A coating start region 2 of a coating space where coating is started in the dispersion state of β ≧ 70% is provided.
With the above configuration, coating of all the core particle powder particles is started in a dispersion state of β ≧ 70%.
In FIG. 4C, among the particles 4 of the core particle powder discharged from the discharge part 1 of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group or the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, the particles β entering the collection part 5 always pass through. A coating start area 2 is provided in the coating space where coating is started in a dispersion state of 70%.
[0072]
In FIG. 4D, a coating start region 2 of a coating space that starts coating in the dispersion state of β ≧ 70% surrounding the collection unit 5 is provided.
In FIG. 4E, the recovery unit 5 is provided at a position where only particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture can reach. Accordingly, the region 6 here is a selection means using gravity. The coating start area 2 of the coating space where the coating of the highly dispersed core particle powder particles / gas mixture entering the recovery section starts coating in the dispersion state of β ≧ 70% is provided as shown by the hatched portion in the figure. .
Only core particles that start coating in a dispersion state of β ≧ 70% can be recovered, and core particles that have not passed through the coating start region and coating particles that have passed through the coating start region are not mixed.
From the above, the apparatus for producing coated diamond particles is composed of a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and a coating chamber, or a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, a coating chamber, and a recovery means. The components of these devices can be combined in various ways, and the configuration examples of these devices will be described with reference to the drawings as follows.
[0073]
Device configuration 1
FIG. 5A is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a first apparatus for producing coated diamond particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1 is directly connected to the coating chamber 2-B1.
[0074]
Device configuration 2
FIG. 5B is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a second apparatus for producing coated diamond particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1, and an inevitable hollow member. 2-C2 and recovery means 2-D. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1 is connected to the coating chamber 2-B1 through an inevitable hollow member 2-C2.
[0075]
Device configuration 3
FIG.5 (c) is a block diagram explaining the structure of the 3rd apparatus for manufacturing the coated diamond particle. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1, and an air dispersion maintenance. It comprises means 2-C3 and recovery means 2-D. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1 is connected to the coating chamber 2-B1 via the air dispersion maintaining means 2-C3.
[0076]
Device configuration 4
FIG.5 (d) is a block diagram explaining the structure of the 4th apparatus for manufacturing the coated diamond particle. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1 shares a space with the coating chamber 2-B1.
[0077]
Device configuration 5
FIG. 5 (e) is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a fifth apparatus for producing coated diamond particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1 is provided in the coating chamber 2-B1.
[0078]
Device configuration 6
FIG. 5 (f) is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a sixth apparatus for producing coated diamond particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D. A coating chamber 2-B1 is provided in the dispersion space of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1.
[0079]
Device configuration 7
FIG. 5G is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a seventh apparatus for producing coated diamond particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D, re-coating supply means 2-E. The coated particles after coating from the collecting means 2-D are conveyed to the high dispersion processing means group 2-C1 by the re-coating supply means 2-E, and the coating treatment can be repeated.
Coated diamond particles are produced by any of the devices having such a configuration.
[0080]
The coated particles obtained by coating the core particle powder, which is diamond particles, with the coating forming material as described above can be coated again with the coating forming material, or this re-coating can be repeated. In this case, the coated particles are sent to the recoating supply means. Here, the re-coating supply means refers to a means for conveying the coated particles after coating to the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group for re-coating. Specifically, it is a means provided with (a) a collecting means for collecting the coated particles, and (b) a coated particle conveying means for conveying the coated particles from the collecting means to the fine particle high dispersion processing means group. Or (a) recovery means for recovering the coated particles, (b) coated particle transport means for transporting the coated particles from the recovery means to the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, and (c) and the coated particles for classifying the coated particles after coating. Means provided with classification means. When the coating amount is large, the particle size distribution of the core particle powder before coating and the particle size distribution of the coated particles after coating are changed. Therefore, it is effective to adjust the particle size distribution of the coated particles after coating by the coated particle classification means and perform the recoating treatment.
This re-coating process can be repeated as necessary, and the coating amount of the coating-forming material can be set as desired. Further, the coating process can be repeated by changing the kind of the coating forming material, and thus, a plurality of materials can be multiply coated as the coating forming material.
[0081]
The coated particle manufacturing apparatus used in the present invention is not limited as long as the coating forming material is a coated particle manufacturing apparatus in which the particle surface of the core particle powder is coated by a gas phase method through a gas phase. For example, as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus, a thermal CVD apparatus, a plasma CVD apparatus, a CVD (visible light CVD, laser CVD, ultraviolet CVD, infrared CVD, far infrared CVD) apparatus using electromagnetic waves, an MOCVD apparatus, or the like, or As a physical vapor deposition (PVD) apparatus, a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, an ion sputtering apparatus, an ion plating apparatus, etc. are applicable. More specifically, for example, a coated particle production apparatus described in JP-A-3-75302, particles whose surface is coated with ultrafine particles and a method for producing the same are suitable.
[0082]
As described above, in the present invention, a fine particle core particle powder that is diamond particles or a core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles is introduced into a coating space and produced through a gas phase and / or A coated diamond particle is produced in which a coating forming material precursor in a gas phase is brought into contact with and / or collided with the core particle powder particles to coat the surface of the core particle powder particles with the coating forming material. The basic steps of the present invention are summarized as follows.
[0083]
I
(A) The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group disperses the fine particle core particle powder particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in the volume reference frequency distribution or the core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles in the air. A dispersion process for making a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture,
(B) The core particle powder particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture dispersed in this dispersion step are coated in a dispersion state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space. A coating process in which coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with a forming material precursor;
Coating method.
[0084]
II
(A) Highly dispersed core particles in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Powder particles / gas mixture core particle powder particles dispersed in the air by means of a fine particle high dispersion treatment means realizing a particle dispersity β of 70% or more A dispersion process,
(B) The core particle powder particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture dispersed in this dispersion step are coated in a dispersion state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space. A coating process in which coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with a forming material precursor;
Coating method.
[0085]
III
(A) Highly dispersed core particles in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Powder particles / gas mixture core particle powder particles dispersed in the air by means of a fine particle high dispersion treatment means realizing a particle dispersity β of 70% or more A dispersion process,
(B) a conveying step of directly conveying the particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder dispersed in this dispersing step to the coating step;
(C) Coating of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder transported in this transporting process in a dispersed state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space A coating process in which the coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with a material precursor;
Coating method.
[0086]
IV
(A) Highly dispersed core particles in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Powder particles / gas mixture core particle powder particles dispersed in the air by a group of fine particle high dispersion means realizing a particle dispersity β of 70% or more to obtain a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture Dispersion process,
(B) A hollow member, an intermediate member made of a member forming a hollow, and a pipe, which are unavoidable for transporting the core particle powder particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture dispersed in the dispersion step A transporting process for transporting through one or more members selected from
(C) Coating of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder transported in this transporting process in a dispersed state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space A coating process in which the coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with a material precursor;
Coating method.
[0087]
V
(A) Highly dispersed core particles in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Powder particles / gas mixture core particle powder particles dispersed in the air by means of a fine particle high dispersion treatment means realizing a particle dispersity β of 70% or more A dispersion process,
(B) Highly dispersed core particle powder particles / gas obtained by dispersing the particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture in the dispersion step in the air with the dispersion performance. Air dispersion maintaining means for maintaining the air dispersion state of the particles of the core particle powder of the mixture, the air for enhancing the air dispersion state of the particles of the core particle powder of the highly dispersed core particle powder particles Dispersion facilitating means, separating the particle / gas mixture of the low-dispersion core particle powder in the mixture of the core particle powder particles and gas, and the core particle powder particles are mainly present in the air in a single particle state A conveying step of conveying via one or more of the particle / gas mixture selection means of the highly dispersed core particle powder for selecting the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder;
(C) Coating of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder transported in this transporting process in a dispersed state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space A coating process in which the coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with a material precursor;
Coating method.
[0088]
As described above, in all of I to V, preferably, a fine particle core particle powder particle having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or a core particle powder particle mainly composed of fine particles is subjected to a fine particle high dispersion treatment. Particles of highly dispersed core particle powder in a spatial region in which the dispersity β of the particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder dispersed by the means group is 70% or more. A coating start region of the coating space is located in a spatial region including a surface through which all of the particles of the core particle powder in the gas mixture pass, or
A high-dispersion core particle powder in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or a core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Covers the spatial region including the surface through which all particles collected by the collecting means of the collecting means pass out of the spatial region in which the particle dispersity β of the core particle powder of the particle / gas mixture is 70% or more. Position the coverage start area of the space, or
Alternatively, in the above I and II, particles of fine particle core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in a volume-based frequency distribution or particles of core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. The high-dispersion core particle powder is dispersed in the air by a group of fine-particle high-dispersion treatment means that realizes a dispersion degree β of the core particle powder of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture of 70% or more. Part or more of the dispersion step for forming the particle / gas mixture and part or more of the coating step are performed while sharing a part or more of the space.
[0089]
The coated diamond particles may form agglomerates in contact with each other through the coating forming material of the coated particles. The powder composed of coated diamond particles is composed of coated particles in a single particle state, aggregates in which the coated particles in a single particle state are in contact with several to several tens, and a large number of single particles. It consists of agglomerates in which coated particles in a single particle state are in contact, and the shape and size thereof are uneven and irregular. The aggregate composed of the coated particles in a single particle state is preferably crushed and / or crushed before being subjected to molding or sintering. Various crushing means, for example, a ball mill, a vibrating ball mill, a mortar, a jet mill, and the like can be used for crushing and / or crushing the aggregate of the coated diamond particles. Further, the coated particles in the single particle state and the aggregate of the coated particles in the single particle state are selectively separated to form or sinter only the coated particles in the single particle state. May be provided.
[0090]
According to the present invention, the coated diamond powder particles obtained as described above or a mixture containing the particles are sintered under an ultrahigh pressure and high temperature of 2000 MPa or more to obtain a sintered body of diamond. .
In this sintering operation, according to the present invention, it is possible to sinter using only the coated diamond particles. It is also possible to sinter by adding a substance exhibiting a function.
[0091]
When mixing uncoated diamond powder, the surface of each coated diamond particle is already uniformly coated with a coating-forming material. If an appropriate amount is mixed so as to be in contact with each other around each particle, the coating forming material can be surely distributed to each diamond particle, so that good sintering can be achieved. If the powder particle size is relatively large with respect to the coated diamond particles, the diamond particles coated so as to surround all of the uncoated diamond particles with a coating-forming substance even if added in a relatively large amount. Can be distributed.
[0092]
In addition, in the case of adding a substance that exhibits other functions such as toughness enhancement, this substance is in the form of powder, plate, or particles, and more specifically, the periodic table 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a. 5a, 6a, 7a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, Group 8 metals, semiconductors, metalloids, rare earth metals, and oxides, nitrides, carbides, oxynitrides, oxycarbides, carbonitrides thereof , One or more selected from among oxycarbonitrides, borides, silicides, such as Al, B, Si, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Nb, V, Zr, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Cr, Cu, Mo, TiAl, Ti3Al, TiAl3, TiNi, NiAl, Ni3Al, SiC, B4C, Cr3C2, TiC, ZrC, WC, W2C, HfC, TaC, Ta2C, NbC, VC, Mo2C, Si3N4, TiN, ZrN, Si2N2O, w-BN, c-BN, AlN, HfN, VxN (x = 1 to 3), NbN, TaN, Ta2N, TiB, TiB2, ZrB2, VB, V3B2, VB2, NbB, NbB2, TaB, TaB2, MoB, MoB2, MoB4, Mo2B, WB, W2B, W2B5, LaB6, BP, B13P2, MoSi2, Al2O3, ZrO2(Y2O3, Partially stabilized zirconia with added MgO or CaO stabilizer: PSZ, or tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: TZP), MgAl2O4(Spinel), Al2SiO5It can be selected from powder and / or particles comprising at least one kind of (mullite).
[0093]
Furthermore, this substance may be a fibrous substance. The fibrous substance to be mixed with the coated diamond powder particles is a substance composed of at least one kind of metal or compound having a minor axis of 500 μm or less and a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 2 or more. Is a rod-shaped material having a ratio of not less than 500 μm and a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 2 or more, and / or long fibers and / or crystals that are melt-spun into continuous fibers and / or crystals themselves have a fiber shape. It consists of short fibers, which are fibers, and / or whiskers that are crystal-grown in one direction into a fiber shape. In this whisker (whisker crystal), the formation of an intrinsic whisker and / or phase change or chemical change over the whole volume is defined as a phenomenon that does not cause a phase change or a chemical reaction affecting the whole volume. By growing only one crystal face of the crystal to be generated, a broad sense whisker and / or a cross-sectional area indicating a single crystal that has become a long needle crystal is 8 × 10 8.-5in2Below, there is a whisker that is a single crystal whose length is 10 times or more of the average diameter.
[0094]
As the fibrous material, periodic table 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, group 8 metal, semiconductor, semimetal, rare earth metal, It includes at least one compound containing one or more of non-metals. A fibrous material having a minor axis of 500 μm or less and a ratio of the minor axis to the major axis of 2 or more is used. Specifically, periodic table 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, group 8 metal, semiconductor, semimetal, rare metal, and carbide thereof, The minor axis is 500 μm or less, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 2 made of at least one of oxide, nitride, oxycarbide, oxynitride, carbonitride, oxycarbonitride, boride, and silicide. A fibrous substance having the above shape is used. Preferably, for example, Al, B, Si, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Nb, V, Zr, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Cr, Cu, Mo, TiAl, Ti3Al, TiAl3, TiNi, NiAl, Ni3Al, SiC, B4C, Cr3C2, TiC, ZrC, WC, W2C, HfC, TaC, Ta2C, NbC, VC, Mo2C, Si3N4, TiN, ZrN, Si2N2O, AlN, HfN, VxN (x = 1 to 3), NbN, TaN, Ta2N, TiB, TiB2, ZrB2, VB, V3B2, VB2, NbB, NbB2, TaB, TaB2, MoB, MoB2, MoB4, Mo2B, WB, W2B, W2B5, LaB6, BP, B13P2, MoSi2, Al2O3, ZrO2(Y2O3, Partially stabilized zirconia with added MgO or CaO stabilizer: PSZ, or tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: TZP), MgAl2O4(Spinel), Al2SiO5A fibrous substance having a minor axis of 500 μm or less and a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 2 or more, comprising at least one kind of (mullite), can be selected.
[0095]
Since the surface of the coated diamond particles used in the present invention is coated by the vapor phase method as described above, there is basically no limitation on the coating forming substance. In order to design the material of the coated diamond sintered body arbitrarily depending on the application, the same kind and / or different kinds of coating forming substances may be used in advance on the surface of the diamond powder particles before coating. The coating may be performed by different coating methods.
For example, when forming a coating made of a target metal carbide on the surface of diamond particles, coated diamond particles coated with carbon in advance may be used. The method for coating the material in advance is not particularly limited. For example, the molten salt immersion method described in JP-A-2-252660, the electroplating method, the electroless plating method, the cladding method, and the physical vapor deposition method are used. A method (sputtering method, ion plating method, etc.) or chemical vapor deposition method is suitable. The metal type of the target metal compound is not particularly limited as long as it can be applied as the binder and / or sintering aid of the present invention.
[0096]
According to the present invention, the diamond particle surface is coated with a coating-forming substance by a vapor phase method alone, or the coated diamond particle and the balance are the powder, plate-like substance, particle, etc. and / or The mixture in which the fibrous substance is mixed is sintered in a powder form or after molding at an ultrahigh pressure / high temperature of 2000 MPa or more for an appropriate time. The pressure may be any pressure as long as it is 2000 MPa or more, and the temperature may be any temperature within which the diamond is practically stable and the coated diamond particles to be sintered can be sintered. Also good.
Cubic type, tetra type, girdle type, belt type and the like can be applied to the static ultra high pressure device that generates static ultra high pressure and high temperature of 2000 MPa or more, and there is no particular limitation.
Dynamic devices and methods for generating ultra-high pressure and high temperature of 2000 MPa or higher include, for example, explosive lenses (planar explosion generating devices), cylindrical explosion generating devices, flying object collision methods, magnetic field implosion methods, Mach explosion methods, Known devices and methods such as an overexplosion method, a conical implosion method, a one-stage impact gun, and a two-stage light gas gun can be applied, and there is no particular limitation. According to the apparatus and method for generating these dynamic ultra-high pressures and high temperatures, the pressure that can be generated is 10 GPa (10,000 MPa) or more, preferably 40 GPa or more. It can be selected as a suitable example in the case of acting.
Depending on the purpose, for example, a pressurizing device and a pressure for pressurizing a sample with good reproducibility may be selected from various types of static ultrahigh pressure devices such as the above cubic ultrahigh pressure device, That's it. The sintering temperature may be slightly deviated from the thermodynamic stability region of diamond.
However, more preferably, sintering is performed under the conditions of a thermodynamic stability region of diamond under an ultrahigh pressure and high temperature of 2000 MPa or more.
[0097]
As an example, the production of a diamond sintered body using a cubic ultrahigh pressure apparatus using diamond powder as a raw material will be described. The particles are embossed into pellets, surrounded by a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) compact, and a graphite tube heater is disposed on the outside. Outside the heater, pyrophyllite from which water of crystallization has been removed by heat treatment at 700 ° C. is disposed as a solid pressure medium. The sample thus configured is placed in a cubic ultra-high pressure device, pressurized to a predetermined pressure, then heated to a predetermined temperature, and appropriately sintered for a time. After sintering, the temperature is lowered and the pressure is lowered. A pressure medium is taken out from the cubic type ultra-high pressure device, and a sample is taken out from the pressure medium. In this way, it is composed of a characteristic diamond with a uniform, dense and highly controlled microstructure with a controlled distribution of binder and / or sintering aid and / or surface modifier. A high performance coated diamond sintered body is obtained.
[0098]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the coated diamond sintered body of the present invention and the production method thereof will be described in more detail with reference to examples.
Example 1
Average particle diameter DMIs 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 2,3DM/ 2], ≧ 90%) diamond particles were coated with a silicon simple substance.
[0099]
The apparatus used is shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 which is a partially enlarged view thereof, and is a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG.
The apparatus of this example includes a plasma torch 3-A, a plasma chamber 3-a, a coating forming material precursor generating chamber cooling bath 3-B, a coating forming material precursor generating chamber 3-b, and a coating chamber cooling bath 3 in a narrow sense. -C, coating chamber 3-c in a narrow sense, coating particle cooling chamber cooling tank 3-D, coating particle cooling chamber 3-d, supply device 3-E1, core particle powder on the material supply side of the coating forming substance Are provided with a stirring type dispersing device 3-F1, an ejector type dispersing device 3-H1, a thin tube dispersing device 107, and a coated particle collecting unit 3-G. The supply device 3-E1 is connected to a supply device 112 provided with a raw material powder supply tank of the coating forming substance, and the stirring type dispersing device 3-F1 is connected to a supply device 111 provided with a core particle powder supply tank. . The coating chamber in this example is composed of a plasma chamber 3-a, a coating forming material precursor generation chamber 3-b, a narrowly defined coating chamber 3-c, and a coated particle cooling chamber 3-d. Is referred to as a covering chamber in a broad sense. Of the covering chamber in a broad sense, the chamber 3-c in which coating processing is mainly performed is referred to as a narrowly covering chamber.
[0100]
The fine particle high dispersion processing means group α in this example is composed of a feeder 111 equipped with a feeding tank, an agitating type dispersing device 3-F1, an ejector type dispersing device 3-H1, and a stainless steel thin tube dispersing device 107 having an inner diameter of 4 mm. FIG. 2A shows a specific example of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group belonging to the configuration shown in FIG. 3B. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group is DM= 1 μm ([DM/ 5,5DM] ≧ 90%), it is configured such that β ≧ 70% at the time of output can be realized with respect to the particles of the diamond core particle powder. The narrow tube 107 as the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group is directly connected to the coating chamber 3-c, and is configured so that β ≧ 70% can be realized in the coating start area 3-L1 of the coating space 3-L2. Has been.
[0101]
Argon gas is supplied at a rate of 20 liters / minute from a supply source 102 to a gas outlet 101 provided on the top of the plasma torch 3-A. This argon gas is turned into plasma by the applied high frequency and forms a plasma soot in the plasma chamber 3-a in the plasma torch 3-A.
A silicon powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm, which is a raw material of the coating forming material supplied from a feeder 112 equipped with a raw material supply tank of the coating forming material, is carried on a carrier gas 103 of 5 liters / minute, A coating forming material precursor 104 provided at the bottom of A is introduced into the plasma soot at a rate of 0.2 g / min, evaporated by the heat of the plasma soot and passed through the gas phase to form a coating forming material precursor. It becomes a coating-forming substance precursor in the body generation chamber 3-b.
A core particle of diamond having an average particle diameter of 1 μm supplied at 1.2 g / min from a feeder 111 equipped with a core particle powder supply tank is dispersed by a stirring disperser 3-F1 and 5 liters / min. The carrier gas 105 supplied at a rate is dispersed in a dispersion state with a dispersity β = 82% by an ejector-type disperser 3-H1 and a thin tube disperser 107 with a dispersion gas 106 having a flow rate of 10 liters / min. Introduce into the room.
Highly dispersed diamond particles begin to contact and / or collide with the coating-forming material precursor in a dispersed state of β = 82% in the 3-L2 coating initiation region 3-L1 of the coating space.
The coated diamond particles coated on the surface with the coating-forming substance thus produced descend in the coated particle cooling chamber 3-d together with the gas, and reach the coated particle recovery unit 3-G. The product composed of the coated particles is separated from the gas by the filter 110 and collected and taken out.
[0102]
The obtained coated diamond particles, diamond fine particles coated with silicon, were observed with a scanning electron microscope. As shown in FIG. 8, each particle was uniformly about 0.005 μm. The silicon was coated in ultrafine particles. The coating amount of silicon was 20% by volume.
The pressure of this diamond particle powder coated with 20% by volume of silicon is embossed to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and a hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) compact is placed on the outside. Embedded in medium, 200 ° C, 10-3 Low boiling impurities were removed by vacuum drying with torr all day and night. This was set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus, first the pressure was increased to 5.5 GPa at room temperature, the temperature was raised to 1450 ° C., the temperature was lowered after holding for 30 minutes, and the pressure was lowered.
When the obtained sintered body was examined by X-ray diffraction, the silicon simple substance and the diamond reacted, and the silicon simple substance disappeared and changed to diamond and SiC. According to the X-ray quantitative analysis, this sintered body had a volume ratio of diamond and SiC of about 78% and 22%, respectively.
The surface of the obtained sintered body was polished with diamond paste, and the Vickers microhardness (Hv) was measured. The diamond sintered body of Example 1 had a very high Hv (0.5 / 10) of about 12000, which was equal to or higher than that of a commercially available diamond sintered body cutting tool. Moreover, the hardness of the sintered body of Example 1 was constant over the entire hardness measurement surface of the sintered body, and there was almost no variation.
[0103]
FIG. 9 shows an electron micrograph (× 5000) of the polished surface obtained by subjecting the polished surface of the sintered body of Example 1 to normal gold vapor deposition for observation. As is apparent from FIG. 9, the sintered body could be sintered to a relative density of 99% or more. Moreover, there were no unsintered parts. Where the coating-forming material is thin and the diamond particles are in contact, the diamond particles break through the coating and sinter and bond directly. Other than this, it can be seen that SiC is a characteristic sintered body in which the diamond particles are distributed around the diamond particles and have a dense, uniform, highly controlled binder distribution. Moreover, the diamond particles have no grain growth compared to the raw diamond powder, and the diamond particles in the sintered body form a coating by a chemical reaction between the diamond and the silicon simple substance that is the coating forming material. Rather, it is also characterized by being finer than the raw material before coating. This is very favorable for the mechanical properties of the sintered body and is ideal. These characteristics are compared with an electron micrograph (× 5000) of a polished surface obtained by subjecting the polished surface of a typical commercially available diamond sintered body cutting tool shown in FIG. 10 to normal gold deposition for observation. And the difference is clear. That is, in the commercially available diamond sintered body cutting tool, the distribution of the binder and the sintering aid is irregular, and the binder and the sintering aid are sometimes agglomerated. There are quite a few deficiencies of binders and binders, and there are unsintered parts. Further, the fact that the diamond particles of this cutting tool are all coarse is a major difference from Example 1.
[0104]
As described above, despite the fact that diamond is the most difficult to sinter among the substances existing on the earth, the coated diamond powder particles of the present invention can be used at ultra-high pressures and temperatures at an industrial level. It behaved like particles that were relatively easy to sinter, and formed a dense, strong, and high hardness structure.
[0105]
Example 2
Average particle diameter DMIs 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 2,3DM/ 2],> 90%) diamond particles were coated with zirconium metal.
The apparatus used is shown in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12, which is a partially enlarged view thereof, and is a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG. 5 (d). The configuration of the apparatus for producing the coating forming material precursor of this example is the same as that of Example 1. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group α is composed of a feeder 214 equipped with a feeding tank, a stirring type dispersing machine 5-F1, a thin tube dispersing machine 211, and a dispersing machine 5-H2 using a collision plate. It is shown in a) and is a specific example of a group of fine particle high dispersion processing means belonging to the configuration shown in FIG. The thin tube disperser 211 is made of stainless steel having an inner diameter of 4 mm. The disperser 5-H2 using the collision plate which is the final dispersion means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group α has a configuration in which a collision plate 213 made of SiC is installed by a stainless steel holder 212. The disperser 5-H2 using the collision plate is provided in the narrowly defined coating chamber 5-c, and the fine particle high dispersion processing means group α and the narrowly defined coating chamber 5-c have a common space. . Further, the coating space 5-L1 and the coating start area 5-L2 of the coating space are provided in a narrowly defined coating chamber 5-c. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group of this apparatus has an average particle diameter DMIs 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 5,5DM, ≧ 90%) of the core particle powder can be dispersed to a dispersion degree β ≧ 70% immediately after the collision of the collision plate 213 of the disperser 5-H2 using the collision plate as the final dispersion treatment. Therefore, coating is started in a state where the degree of dispersion β ≧ 70%.
[0106]
Argon gas of 20 liters / min is supplied from a supply source 202 to a gas outlet 201 provided on the upper part of the plasma torch 5-A. This argon gas is turned into plasma by the applied high frequency and forms a plasma soot in the plasma chamber 5-a in the plasma torch 5-A.
Zirconium metal powder having an average particle diameter of 12 μm, which is a raw material of the coating forming material supplied from a feeder 215 equipped with a raw material supply tank of the coating forming material at a rate of 0.6 g / min, is transferred to a carrier gas 203 of 5 liters / min. The coating forming material precursor is introduced into the plasma soot from the coating material feed port 204 provided under the plasma torch 5-A, evaporates by the heat of the plasma soot, and passes through the gas phase. It becomes a coating-forming substance precursor in the generation chamber 5-b.
The diamond core particles supplied at a rate of 1.2 g / min from a feeder 214 equipped with a core particle powder supply tank are dispersed by a stirring disperser 5-F1 and supplied at a rate of 20 liters / min. It is carried by the carrier gas 205, passes through the thin tube disperser 211, and is dispersed in the air at a dispersity β = 82% by a disperser 5-H2 using a collision plate provided in the coating chamber.
[0107]
The highly dispersed diamond core particles begin to contact and / or collide with the coating-forming material precursor in a dispersion state of β = 82% in the coating start region 5-L1 of the coating space 5-L2.
The coated diamond particles coated on the surface with the coating-forming substance thus generated descend in the coated particle cooling chamber 5-d together with the gas, and reach the coated particle recovery unit 5-G. The product made of coated diamond particles is separated from the gas by the filter 210 and collected and taken out.
The obtained coated diamond particles, diamond fine particles coated on the surface with zirconium metal, were observed with a scanning electron microscope. As a result, each particle was uniformly about 0.005 μm of zirconium. The metal was coated in ultrafine particles. The coating amount of zirconium metal was 20% by volume.
[0108]
The thus obtained zirconium metal powder coated with 20% by volume of zirconium metal was embossed to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm. First, the pressure was increased to 5.5 GPa at room temperature, then the temperature was raised to 1450 ° C., the temperature was lowered after holding for 30 minutes, and the pressure was lowered. The obtained sintered body had no pores, could be densified to a relative density of 100%, and had no unsintered portion. The surface of this sintered body was polished with diamond paste, and the Vickers microhardness was measured. As a result, Hv (0.5 / 10) was about 11000, which was very high. When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, as in Example 1, only diamond and ZrC were observed. According to the X-ray quantitative analysis, the sintered body had a volume ratio of diamond and ZrC of about 78% and 22%, respectively.
As in Example 1, also in Example 2, the sintered body had a dense, uniform and almost uniform distribution of the binder and a highly controlled microstructure.
[0109]
Example 3
The average particle size is 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 2,3DM/ 2],> 90%) diamond particles were coated with titanium metal.
The apparatus used is shown in FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 which is an enlarged view thereof, and is a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG. The configuration of the apparatus for producing the coating forming material precursor of this example is the same as that of Example 1. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group α includes a supply device 313 provided with a supply tank, a stirring disperser 6-F1 which is a dispersion means, and a cyclone 6-I which is a particle / gas mixture selection means for highly dispersed core particle powder. This is a configuration example shown in FIG. 2B and a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG. The discharge part of the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder of the cyclone 6-I is connected to the coating chamber 6-c in a narrow sense by a pipe 307 unavoidable for conveyance, and the discharge part of the low dispersion core particle powder part is discharged. The section is connected to the agitating disperser 6-F1 by a transport pipe 310 through a hopper 6-J and a rotary valve 6-K. According to the fine particle high dispersion processing means group of the present apparatus, the average particle diameter D as a volume-based particle size distribution.MIs 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 5,5DM], ≧ 90%) of the core particle powder is dispersed at a dispersion degree β ≧ 75% at the discharge part of the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder of cyclone 6-I as the final processing means. it can. As shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, a narrowly defined coating chamber 6-c is provided with a coating space 6-L 2 and a coating start area 6-L 1 of the coating space. The decrease in the dispersity β due to the pipe 307 unavoidable for conveyance due to the restriction of the flange portion connecting 6-C and 6-D can be kept small. Therefore, in the coating start region, coating is started with a dispersion degree β ≧ 70%.
[0110]
Argon gas is supplied from a supply source 302 at a rate of 20 liters / minute to a gas outlet 301 provided on the top of the plasma torch 6-A. The argon gas is turned into plasma by the applied high frequency and forms a plasma soot in the plasma chamber 6-a in the plasma torch 6-A.
The titanium metal powder, which is the raw material of the coating forming material supplied at 0.6 g / min from the supply device 314 equipped with the raw material supply tank of the coating forming material, is carried on the carrier gas 303 at 5 liter / min, and plasma The coating forming material precursor introduction chamber 6 is introduced into the plasma soot from the coating inlet 304 of the coating forming material provided in the lower part of the torch 6-A, evaporates by the heat of the plasma soot and passes through the gas phase. b becomes a coating-forming material precursor.
The diamond core particles supplied at 1.2 g / min from a supply machine 313 equipped with a core particle powder supply tank are dispersed by a stirring disperser 6-F1 and supported by a carrier gas 305 at 15 liters / min. Then, it is conveyed to the cyclone 6-I through the pipe 306. Cyclone 6-I is adjusted so that the maximum particle size on the fine powder side is 1.5 μm, and particles / gas of highly dispersed core particle powder in a dispersed state of β = 85% mainly composed of single particles. The mixture is discharged from the discharge port 308 through the pipe 307 that is inevitable for conveyance into the narrowly defined coating chamber 6-c. On the other hand, the low dispersion core particle powder portion selectively separated by the cyclone 6-I is conveyed through the pipe 310 by the carrier gas 309 through the hopper 6-J and the rotary valve 6-K, and is stirred. Feedback to the disperser 6-F1.
[0111]
The highly dispersed diamond core particles begin to contact and / or collide with the coating-forming material precursor in a dispersion state of β = 82% in the coating start region 6-L1 of the coating space 6-L2.
The coated diamond particles whose surface is coated with the coating forming material thus generated descends with the gas in the coated particle cooling chamber 6-d and reaches the coated particle recovery unit 6-G. The product made of coated diamond particles is separated from gas by the filter 312 and collected and taken out.
The obtained coated particles, which were diamond fine particles whose surfaces were coated with titanium metal, were observed with a scanning electron microscope. As a result, each of the particles was uniformly formed of ultra-fine particles of about 0.005 μm titanium metal. Was coated. The coating amount of titanium metal was 20% by volume.
[0112]
The titanium powder thus obtained was coated with 20% by volume of the coated diamond powder, and was stamped into an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus as in Example 1. First, the pressure was increased to 5.5 GPa at room temperature, then the temperature was raised to 1450 ° C., the temperature was lowered after holding for 30 minutes, and the pressure was lowered. The obtained sintered body had no pores, could be densified to a relative density of 100%, and had no unsintered portion.
The surface of this sintered body was polished with diamond paste and measured for Vickers microhardness. As a result, Hv (0.5 / 10) was about 11500, which was very high. When the crystal phase of this sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, only diamond and TiC were observed as in Example 1.
According to the X-ray quantitative analysis, this sintered body had a volume ratio of diamond and TiC of about 76% and about 24%, respectively. Further, in Example 3 as well as Example 1 and Example 2, the sintered body had a dense, uniform distribution of binder and a highly controlled microstructure.
[0113]
Example 4
Coating was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 using the apparatus of Example 1 to obtain a coated diamond particle powder coated with 15% by volume of titanium carbide. The coated diamond particle powder was stamped and molded to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus, as in Example 1. First, the pressure was increased to 5.5 GPa at room temperature, and then The temperature was raised to 1460 ° C., the temperature was lowered after holding for 30 minutes, and the pressure was lowered. The obtained sintered body had no pores, could be densified to a relative density of 100%, and had no unsintered portion. The surface of this sintered body was polished with diamond paste and measured for Vickers microhardness. As a result, Hv (0.5 / 10) was as high as about 12000. When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, only diamond and TiC were observed. In Example 4 as well, the sintered body had a highly controlled microstructure with a dense and uniform binder distribution.
[0114]
Example 5
Coating was performed under the same conditions as in Example 4 using the apparatus of Example 1 to obtain a coated diamond particle powder coated with 20% by volume of titanium carbide. This coated diamond particle powder was stamped and molded to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus, as in Example 4, and first pressurized to 5.5 GPa at room temperature. The temperature was raised to 1460 ° C., the temperature was lowered after holding for 30 minutes, and the pressure was lowered. The obtained sintered body had no pores, could be densified to a relative density of 100%, and had no unsintered portion. The surface of this sintered body was polished with diamond paste, and the Vickers microhardness was measured. As a result, Hv (0.5 / 10) was about 11000 and high hardness. When the crystal phase of this sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, only diamond and TiC were observed. In Example 5 as well, the sintered body had a highly controlled microstructure with a dense and uniform binder distribution.
[0115]
Example 6
Using the apparatus of Example 1, coating was performed under substantially the same conditions as in Example 5 to obtain a coated diamond particle powder coated with 20% by volume of silicon carbide. This coated diamond particle powder was stamped and molded to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus, as in Example 1, and first pressured up to 5.5 GPa at room temperature. The temperature was raised to 1450 ° C., the temperature was lowered after holding for 30 minutes, and the pressure was lowered. The obtained sintered body had no pores, could be densified to a relative density of 100%, and had no unsintered portion. The surface of this sintered body was polished with diamond paste and measured for Vickers microhardness. As a result, Hv (0.5 / 10) was as high as about 12000. When the crystal phase of this sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, only diamond and SiC were found. In Example 6 as well, the sintered body had a dense and uniform binder distribution with a highly controlled microstructure.
[0116]
Example 7
Coating was performed using the apparatus of Example 2 under substantially the same conditions as in Example 6 to obtain a coated diamond particle powder coated with 30% by volume of silicon carbide. This coated diamond particle powder was stamped and molded to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus, as in Example 6. First, the pressure was increased to 5.5 GPa at room temperature, and then The temperature was raised to 1450 ° C., the temperature was lowered after holding for 30 minutes, and the pressure was lowered. The sintered body could be densely sintered to a relative density of 100%. The surface of the obtained sintered body was polished with a diamond paste and measured for Vickers microhardness. As a result, Hv (0.5 / 10) was as high as about 11000. When the crystal phase of this sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, only diamond and SiC were found. In Example 7 as well, the sintered body had a highly controlled microstructure with a dense and uniform binder distribution.
[0117]
Example 8
Using the apparatus of Example 1, coating was performed under substantially the same conditions as in Example 1. First, aluminum metal was coated, and then nickel metal was coated at a molar ratio of 1: 1 at a molar ratio of 15% in terms of NiAl. Diamond particle powder was obtained. This coated diamond particle powder was stamped and molded to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus as in Example 1. First, the pressure was increased to 5.5 GPa at room temperature, and then 1450 The temperature was raised to 0 ° C., held for 30 minutes, then lowered, and the pressure was lowered. The sintered body could be densely sintered to a relative density of 100%. When the surface of the sintered body was polished with diamond paste and measured for Vickers microhardness, Hv (0.5 / 10) was as high as about 8900. When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, diamond and NiAl were found. In Example 8 as well, the sintered body had a highly controlled microstructure with a dense and uniform binder distribution.
[0118]
Example 9
Using the apparatus of Example 1, coating was performed under substantially the same conditions as in Example 8. First, aluminum metal and then nickel metal at a molar ratio of 3: 13A coated diamond particle powder coated with 20% in Al equivalent volume was obtained. This coated diamond particle powder was stamped and molded to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus as in Example 8. First, the pressure was increased to 5.5 GPal at room temperature, and then The temperature was raised to 1450 ° C., the temperature was lowered after holding for 30 minutes, and the pressure was lowered. The sintered body could be densely sintered to a relative density of 100%. The surface of the sintered body was polished with diamond paste and the Vickers microhardness was measured. As a result, Hv (0.5 / 10) was as high as about 6700. When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, as in Example 8, diamond, Ni3Al was observed. In Example 9 as well, the sintered body had a highly controlled microstructure with a dense and uniform binder distribution.
[0119]
Example 10
90% by volume of the coated diamond particle powder obtained by applying 20% by volume of the titanium carbide obtained in Example 5 and the balance being silicon carbide whiskers (SiC; minor axis 0.5 μm, average length 30 μm). 10% by volume was mixed by wet in acetone and then vacuum dried to obtain a mixture. This mixture was stamped and molded to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus as in Example 5. First, the pressure was raised to 5.5 GPa at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 1460 ° C. After holding for 30 minutes, the temperature was lowered and the pressure was lowered. The sintered body could be densely sintered to a relative density of 100%. When the surface of the sintered body was polished with diamond paste and the Vickers microhardness was measured, Hv (0.5 / 10) was as high as about 9800. When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, only diamond and TiC were observed as in Example 5 except for SiC. Also in Example 10, the sintered body was dense, uniform, and a highly controlled microstructured sintered body in which SiC whiskers were uniformly dispersed among the coated diamond particles was obtained.
[0120]
Example 11
Using the apparatus of Example 1, coating was performed under substantially the same conditions as in Example 7. The coated diamond particle powder coated with 20% by volume of silicon carbide was 90% by volume, and the balance was silicon carbide whisker. 10% by volume of (SiC; minor axis 0.5 μm, average length 30 μm) was mixed by wet in acetone, and then vacuum dried to obtain a mixture. This mixture was stamped and molded to an outer diameter of 6 mm and a height of 2 mm, and set in a cubic type ultrahigh pressure apparatus as in Example 7. First, the pressure was raised to 5.5 GPa at room temperature, and then the temperature was raised to 1450 ° C. After holding for 30 minutes, the temperature was lowered and the pressure was lowered. The sintered body could be densely sintered to a relative density of 100%. When the surface of the sintered body was polished with diamond paste and the Vickers microhardness was measured, Hv (0.5 / 10) was as high as about 9400. When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, as in Example 7, only diamond and SiC were observed. Also in Example 11, the sintered body was dense and uniform, and a composite sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure in which the silicon carbide binder and SiC whiskers were uniformly dispersed between the coated diamond particles was obtained.
[0121]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a core particle powder composed of diamond fine particles having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air. By contacting or colliding with the coating-forming material precursor in a dispersed state as described above, a coated diamond particle coated with the coating-forming material on its surface in a single particle state or a mixture containing the same is applied to 2000 MPa By sintering at the above ultra-high pressure and high temperature, a high-performance coated diamond sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure that was uniformly, densely and firmly sintered was obtained. .
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a distribution diagram of powder particles, where (a) represents the dispersity β, and (b) represents the particle size D.1~ D2The particle size of the powder in which the range of particles occupies 90% by volume versus the volume-based frequency is expressed.
FIGS. 2A to 2C are block diagrams showing the basic configuration of a fine particle high dispersion processing means group.
FIGS. 3A to 3G are block diagrams for explaining the configuration of a fine particle high dispersion processing means group in more detail.
FIGS. 4A to 4E are views showing a state in which coating of core particle powder is started.
FIGS. 5A to 5G are block diagrams illustrating the configuration of an apparatus for producing coated diamond particles.
6 is a diagram showing an apparatus used in Example 1. FIG.
7 is a partially enlarged view of the apparatus used in Example 1. FIG.
8 is a scanning electron micrograph of the coated diamond particles obtained in Example 1. FIG.
9 is an electron micrograph of the polished surface of the sintered body of Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 10 is an electron micrograph of a polished surface of a commercially available sintered diamond tool.
11 shows an apparatus used in Example 2. FIG.
12 is a partially enlarged view of the apparatus used in Example 2. FIG.
13 shows an apparatus used in Example 3. FIG.
14 is a partially enlarged view of an apparatus used in Example 3. FIG.

Claims (9)

ダイヤモンドの微粒子からなる、芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に同微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であってその表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたものを焼結して、ダイヤモンド焼結体を製造する方法において、
この被覆形成物質で被覆されたダイヤモンド粒子は、芯粒子粉体を被覆空間に投入し、気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体を、この芯粒子粉体の粒子に接触及び/又は衝突させて、芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面が被覆形成物質で被覆され、
(A)分散手段として、この芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させる、撹拌式分散機、エジェクター式分散機、細管分散機よりなる分散手段を有する微粒子高分散処理手段群により、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B)この分散工程で分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子を、被覆空間の被覆開始領域に、全粒子の重量に対する見かけの一次粒子状態の粒子の重量の割合である分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆工程に直接放出し、被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させる被覆工程、並びに
(C)この被覆工程によって得た被覆ダイヤモンド粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を2000MPa以上の圧力、及び高温度において焼結する工程
を備えることを特徴とする被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法。
Sintering the core particle powder particles consisting of diamond fine particles or the core particle powder particles mainly consisting of the same fine particles, the surface of which is coated with a coating-forming substance, In the manufacturing method,
The diamond particles coated with the coating forming material are prepared by introducing the core particle powder into the coating space and forming the coating forming material precursor and / or the coating forming material precursor in the gas phase state through the gas phase. The surface of the particle of the core particle powder is coated with a coating-forming substance by contacting and / or colliding with the particles of the particle powder,
(A) As a dispersion means, a volume-based high-dispersion treatment means group having a dispersion means comprising a stirring-type disperser, an ejector-type disperser, and a thin tube disperser for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder in the air Fine particle core particle powder particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in a frequency distribution or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed in the air to obtain a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder. Dispersion process,
(B) The degree of dispersity β, which is the ratio of the apparent primary particle weight of the particles of the core particle powder dispersed in this dispersion step to the coating start region of the coating space, is 70%. In the above dispersion state, the coating step of directly releasing into the coating step and contacting and / or colliding with the coating forming material precursor, and (C) the coated diamond particles obtained by this coating step, or a mixture containing the particles is 2000 MPa. A method for producing a coated diamond sintered body comprising a step of sintering at the above pressure and high temperature.
前記被覆ダイヤモンド粒子が、被覆ダイヤモンド粒子の集合塊を解砕及び/又は破砕する工程及び/又はこの被覆ダイヤモンド粒子集合塊と一次粒子単位の被覆ダイヤモンド粒子とを選択分離する選択分離工程を更に経て調製されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法。  The coated diamond particles are prepared by further pulverizing and / or crushing the aggregate of coated diamond particles and / or a selective separation step of selectively separating the coated diamond particle aggregate and the coated diamond particles in units of primary particles. The method for producing a coated diamond sintered body according to claim 1, wherein: 前記芯粒子粉体の粒子が、溶融塩浴を用いる浸漬法により、浸漬法に由来する被覆物質で一層以上被覆された、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1又は2のいずれかに記載の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法。  The core particle powder particles are coated with one or more coating materials derived from the immersion method by an immersion method using a molten salt bath, or a core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles. The method for producing a coated diamond sintered body according to claim 1, wherein the method is a particle. 前記焼結工程は、(A)ダイヤモンドの熱力学的安定領域で、及び/又は(B)動的及び/又は静的な2000MPa以上の超高圧力・高温下で行われることを
特徴とする、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法。
The sintering step is performed at (A) a thermodynamically stable region of diamond and / or (B) a dynamic and / or static ultrahigh pressure / high temperature of 2000 MPa or more. The manufacturing method of the covering diamond sintered compact in any one of Claims 1-3.
被覆ダイヤモンド粒子が、平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする分散性能を有する微粒子高分散処理手段群による分散工程の一部以上と前記被覆工程の一部以上とを、空間を一部以上共有して行うことにより調製されることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法。  In the coated diamond particles, a core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, and the degree of dispersion β of the core particle powder is 70% or more. It is characterized in that it is prepared by performing a part of the dispersion step and a part of the coating step by the fine particle high dispersion processing means group having the dispersion performance as described above by sharing a part of the space, A method for producing a coated diamond sintered body according to claim 1. 被覆ダイヤモンド粒子が、平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする空間領域の内の、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子の全ての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめるか、又は平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする空間領域の内の、回収手段の回収部に回収する全ての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめることにより調製されることを特徴とする、請求項1又は5のいずれかに記載の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法。  In the coated diamond particles, a core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, and the degree of dispersion β of the core particle powder is 70% or more. The covering start region of the covering space is located in the space region including the surface through which all the particles of the core particle powder in the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture pass. Alternatively, a core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, and the dispersion degree β of the particles of the core particle powder is set to 70% or more. The space is prepared by locating a coating start region of the coating space in a spatial region including a surface through which all particles collected by the collecting unit of the collecting means pass. Or the covered diamond according to any one of 5 The process of de sintered body. 使用する芯粒子粉体の粒子の粒度分布が、平均粒子径をDMとしたとき、体積基準頻度分布で(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)であることを特徴とする、請求項1、若しくは5〜6のいずれかに記載の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法。The particle size distribution of the core particle powder to be used is a volume-based frequency distribution ([D M / 5, 5 D M ], ≧ 90%) where the average particle diameter is D M. A method for producing a coated diamond sintered body according to any one of claims 1 to 5 or 6. 分散手段が、さらに、芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物において低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段と、この高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段により選択分離された低分散芯粒子粉体部分を準微粒子高分散処理手段群中の分散手段の内の最終分散手段及び/又は最終分散手段以前の処理手段に搬送するフィードバック手段を有することを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項7に記載の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法。  The dispersing means further separates the low-dispersion core particle powder part in the mixture of the core particle powder particles and the gas in which the core particle powder particles are dispersed in the air, and the core particle powder particles are mainly used. A highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means for selecting a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder existing in the air in a single particle state, A feedback means for conveying the low dispersion core particle powder portion selectively separated by the gas mixture selection means to the final dispersion means in the dispersion means in the quasi-fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and / or the processing means before the final dispersion means; The method for producing a coated diamond sintered body according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising: 請求項1ないし請求項8に記載の被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体の製造法により製造した被覆ダイヤモンド焼結体。  A coated diamond sintered body produced by the method for producing a coated diamond sintered body according to claim 1.
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