JP3948632B2 - Coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body and method for producing the same - Google Patents

Coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body and method for producing the same Download PDF

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JP3948632B2
JP3948632B2 JP21927193A JP21927193A JP3948632B2 JP 3948632 B2 JP3948632 B2 JP 3948632B2 JP 21927193 A JP21927193 A JP 21927193A JP 21927193 A JP21927193 A JP 21927193A JP 3948632 B2 JP3948632 B2 JP 3948632B2
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particles
coating
boron nitride
core particle
dispersion
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JPH0753269A (en
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晴男 吉田
正市 粂
幸良 山田
正 冬木
聡 秋山
美明 濱田
英輔 黒田
忠克 鍋谷
幸雄 隅田
健一 木村
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Read Co Ltd
Nisshin Seifun Group Inc
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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Read Co Ltd
Nisshin Seifun Group Inc
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology AIST
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【0001】
【産業上の利用分野】
本発明は、高圧窒化硼素の微粒子からなる、芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に同微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を含有する均一で、緻密で且つ高硬度な高度に微組織が制御された高性能な被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体及びその製造法に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
高圧型窒化硼素は、立方晶窒化硼素及び/又はウルツ鉱型窒化硼素からなる。
立方晶窒化硼素(c−BN)は、強い共有結合性に基づき、多くの非常に優れた性質を有するが、反面、その共有結合性に起因して、自己拡散係数が非常に小さいために極めて難焼結性であり、しかも立方晶窒化硼素は熱力学的には超高圧力下でのみ安定で、高温下では圧力が不十分な場合には黒鉛型相の六方晶窒化硼素(h−BN)に相移転する。
そこで高圧型窒化硼素を含有する高圧型窒化硼素焼結体は、高圧型窒化硼素のグラファイト型相(h−BN)への相転移を防止し、且つこの高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を緻密に焼結するために、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定な2000MPaを越える超高圧力及び高温度下で製造していた。例えば、特開昭63−35456号公報に記載の立方晶窒化硼素は、4000MPa(40kb)、1200℃以上で焼結される。この焼結条件は、極限状態として大変厳しいもので、例えばガードル型或はベルト型等の超高圧力装置を使用しなければ発生し得なかった。
それが為、2000MPaを越える超高圧力を発生させる、ガードル型或はベルト型等の超高圧力装置を使用する制約により、高圧型窒化硼素を含有する高圧型窒化硼素焼結体は多量生産が困難で、製造コストが高く、また大型形状品を製造できなかった。
【0003】
しかし、例えば立方晶窒化硼素は、若槻らが超高圧力下での実験により、立方晶窒化硼素が熱力学的には安定な状態でなくとも、熱力学的に準安定である場合、相転移に要する時間が極めて長いために事実上安定に存在し、その事実上安定に存在する上限として図1の線▲2▼を示して報告している(若槻、市瀬、青木、前田、第14回高圧討論会講演要旨集(1972)P78)。従って、これによれば、図1の熱力学的平衡線▲1▼に対して安定ではない低圧力・高温度の条件でも、図1の線▲2▼を越えない温度、例えば1200℃以下ならば、立方晶窒化硼素が事実上安定に存在する。
この事実に基づき、この条件下で、少なくとも立方晶窒化硼素を含む高圧型窒化硼素を含有する高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造が可能であれば、2000MPa未満の比較的緩い超高圧力を発生可能の超高圧力装置、例えばピストン・シリンダー(PC)型超高圧力装置、又は公知の技術として1000MPaまで加圧が可能な超高圧HIP装置、或は超高圧HIP装置を除く熱間静水圧加圧(HIP:Hot Isostatic Press)装置、若しくはホットプレス(HP:Hot Press)装置を使用して製造することが可能となる。
これにより、前記ガードル型やベルト型等の、2000MPaを越える超高圧力を発生させる超高圧力装置の場合と異なり、多量生産が容易で、且つ大型形状の焼結体が製造可能となる。
【0004】
近年、このような2000MPa未満の比較的緩い超高圧力を作用可能の超高圧力装置、例えばピストン・シリンダー(PC)型超高圧力装置、又は1000MPaまで加圧が可能な超高圧HIP装置、或はこの超高圧HIP装置を除く熱間静水圧加圧(HIP:Hot Isostatic Press)装置、若しくはホットプレス(HP:Hot Press)装置を使用した、高圧型窒化硼素の微粒子からなり、これを比較的多く含有する緻密で高性能な高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の多量生産や大型形状品の製造が強く求められている。
しかし、このように制限された圧力下で高圧型窒化硼素を比較的多く含有する高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を効果的に緻密化させるのは容易ではない。
【0005】
すなわち高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を焼結するときに、結合材の原料粉体の形態で加えられる結合材が変形乃至移動して高圧型窒化硼素粒子間間隙を充填し、結合材及び高圧型窒化硼素粒子によって囲まれる空隙や気孔の排除及び消滅に対して効果的に圧力が作用して初めて可能となる。そのためには結合材、及び/又は高圧型窒化硼素と反応して結合材を生成する結合材の原料粉体が、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子に接してその周りに存在しなければならない。
特に、圧力が2000MPa未満で、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的には安定ではないが、準安定な圧力・温度の焼結条件においては、高圧型窒化硼素は直接の結合は殆ど期待できないので、得られる高圧型窒化硼素焼結体中の結合材の原料粉体の存在しない高圧型窒化硼素粒子部分は未焼結となる。この場合、高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の性能は著しく低下する。これにより、前記多量生産が容易で、且つ大型形状の焼結体が製造可能となる等の利点は意味がなくなるのでやはり高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子の周りに結合材及び/又は窒化硼素と反応して結合材となる物質が存在しなければならない。
【0006】
つまり、結合材、及び/又は高圧型窒化硼素と反応して結合材となる物質が微粒子からなる高圧型窒化硼素の周りに接して存在することにより、2000MPa未満の比較的緩い超高圧力を作用可能の超高圧力装置、例えばピストン・シリンダー(PC)型超高圧力装置、又は1000MPaまで加圧が可能な超高圧HIP装置、或は超高圧HIP装置を除く熱間静水圧加圧(HIP:Hot Isostatic Press)装置、若しくはホットプレス(HP:Hot Press)装置を使用した、微粒子からなり高圧型窒化硼素を比較的多く含有する緻密で高性能な高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の多量生産や大型形状品の製造が初めて可能となる。
そのためには、微粒子からなる高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子に被覆形成物質の被覆を施した被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が不可欠であり、この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を作製する被覆法が重要な技術となる。
【0007】
この高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子への被覆形成物質の被覆法としては気相法、湿式メッキ法など種々の方法があるが、中でも気相法は、原理的に、(1)雰囲気の制御が容易である、(2)基本的に結合材及び/又は焼結助剤としての物質の選択に制限がなく、活性金属を始めとする金属単体物質、窒化物、炭化物、硼化物、酸化物など、いろいろな種類の物質を被覆出来る、(3)結合材及び/又は焼結助剤として目的物質を高純度に被覆できる、(4)結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質の被覆量を任意に制御できるなど、他の被覆法では成し得ない大きな利点がある。
しかし気相法による結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質の、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子への被覆は、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子が微粒子である場合又は主に微粒子からなる粒子である場合に個々の高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子への被覆は、以下の理由により不可能であった。
【0008】
即ち、被覆されるべき高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子が、微粒子である場合の、この被覆されるべき芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子は、粉体粒子同士の付着力が強いため凝集性が高く、殆どの単一粒子が凝集体を形成している。そしてこの凝集体は、その凝集力を上回る特別な作用を加えない限り崩し壊すことができないために凝集体をそのままで被覆しても、一個一個の粒子表面への結合材及び/又は焼結助剤による被覆は不可能で、結局この凝集体の表面が結合材及び/又は焼結助剤で被覆された被覆凝集体が生成することになる。
これにより凝集体を形成する個々の高圧型窒化硼素粒子は、凝集体表面に位置する粒子ではその粒子表面は被覆量は多いものの被覆むらが生じたり、凝集体内部に位置する粒子では全く被覆されないという問題があった。
【0009】
上記の問題を解決しようとして、被覆されるべき高圧型窒化硼素芯粒子粉体粒子が微粒子である場合のこの被覆されるべき芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の個々の粒子を被覆する目的でこの粒子を分散させて被覆する試みは既にあった。
例えば、特開昭58−31076号公報に開示されている装置・方法によれば、PVD装置内に設置された容器の中に芯粒子粉体の粒子を入れ、容器を電磁気的な方法により振動させ、前記容器内の芯粒子を転動させながらPVD法により被覆する。又、特開昭61−30663号公報に開示されている装置によれば、PVD装置内に設置された容器の中に芯粒子粉体の粒子を入れ、容器を機械的な方法により振動させ、前記容器内の芯粒子を転動させながらPVD法により被覆するとされている。しかし、これらの容器の振動により芯粒子粉体の粒子を転動させながら被覆する装置或いは方法では、実際には、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子の凝集体を崩すのに要する凝集力を上回る作用を加えることができないため、この凝集体を崩すことができずむしろ造粒作用が働き、容器内に導入する前以上に、より多く、或いはより大きな凝集体を形成するだけであった。
【0010】
特開平3−153864号公報に開示されている装置及び方法は、内面に障壁及び/又は凹凸を備えた回転容器内に粒子を入れ、この回転容器を回転させながら蒸着法により芯粒子表面に被覆を行うことを目的とするものであるが、このような装置或いは方法においては、微粒子の芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子の凝集体を崩すのに要する凝集力を上回る作用を加えることができないため、この凝集体を壊すことができないばかりか、より多く、或いはより大きな凝集体を形成するだけであった。
特開昭58−141375号公報には、反応ガス雰囲気中に置かれた粉体を反応ガスの流れと重力の作用とによって浮遊させて、反応ガスの化学反応により生成される析出物質によって粉体の表面を被覆する装置が開示されている。又、特開平2−43377号公報には、微粒子を減圧下において流動化させながら、熱化学反応処理を行い被覆を行う方法が開示されている。これらの気流による流動層を利用する装置或いは方法では、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子の一個一個を流動化させることが事実上不可能で、この高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子の凝集体を崩せなかった。
【0011】
特開昭54−153789号公報には、金属の蒸気を発生させた真空容器内を粉末材料を落下させ金属を被覆する装置が開示されている。又、特開昭60−47004号公報には真空槽中の高周波プラズマ領域にモノマーガスと粉体粒子を導入し、プラズマ重合により有機物の被覆膜を形成させる方法が開示されている。これらの装置或いは方法の如く、単に導入するだけでは微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子の凝集体を壊せなかった。
特開昭64−80437号公報には、低・高周波合成音波により芯粒子粉体の凝集体を崩して流動化させ被覆する方法が開示されている。しかし、流動層に振動を与えるこの方法では、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子の凝集体を崩せなかった。
【0012】
特開昭62−250172号公報には、前処理として、ジェットミル処理した粉体を、減圧加熱処理室に滞留させ、ここで加熱処理を施した後、粉体フィーダーでスパッタリング室に自然落下で導入し、ターゲットを垂直に設けた円筒状のスパッタリング室に自然落下させて被覆する装置及び方法が開示されている。又特開平2−153068号公報には、前処理としてジェットミル処理した粉体を、減圧加熱処理室で滞留させ、ここで加熱処理を施した後、粉体フィーダーでスパッタリング室のスパッタリング源を納めた回転容器に粉体状で導入し、容器を回転さた状態でスパッタリングする装置及び方法が開示されている。これらの装置では、ジェットミル処理によりその時だけ粉体は一時的に分散されるが、被覆前の加熱工程で、この粉体を滞留させる構造であり、そのような方法のため、仮にジェットミル処理で一時的に一次粒子状態に分散してもこの加熱工程でのこの粉体の滞留のため再凝集し、結局、被覆工程に導入される時には凝集したままである。
【0013】
以上のように、これまでのものでは、いずれも微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子に被覆する装置或いは方法としての問題解決はなされておらず、そのため、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子一個一個に結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆形成物質として気相被覆法により均一に被覆を施した被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子が作製できなかった。そのために、前記微粒子からなり、高圧型窒化硼素を比較的多く含有する緻密で高性能な高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の多量生産や大型形状品の製造ができなかった。
【0014】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
従って、現実に、被覆されるべき高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子であって、例えば10μm以下の平均粒子径の粒子である、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を単一粒子単位で、結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆形成物質として被覆を施した被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子による高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的には安定ではないが準安定な圧力、温度における焼結による微粒子からなる高圧型窒化硼素粒子を比較的多く含有する高性能な高圧型窒化硼素焼結体及びその製造方法の実現が強く求められている。
本発明は、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体粒子である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子へ単一粒子単位に、結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆形成物質として被覆を施した被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子又は同粒子を含む混合物を2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない温度において焼結することからなる、均一で、緻密で、且つ強固に焼結された、微組織が高度に制御された高性能な微粒子からなる高圧型窒化硼素粒子を比較的多く含有する高圧型窒化硼素焼結体及びその製造法を提供することを目的とする。
【0015】
【課題を解決するための手段】
圧力が2000MPa未満で、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的には安定ではないが、準安定な圧力・温度の焼結条件においては、高圧型窒化硼素同士は直接の結合が困難であるので、得られる焼結体の結合材の存在しない部分は未焼結となる。本発明は、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子の周りには高圧型窒化硼素と反応しない結合材及び/又は高圧型窒化硼素と反応して結合材となる物質が存在しなければならず、そのためには、高圧型窒化硼素粒子に、被覆形成物質を被覆した、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を適用することが最も適していることを見い出した。また同時に、本発明は、高性能な結合材と、少なくとも立方晶窒化硼素を含む高圧型窒化硼素による、高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を焼結するときに、少なくとも、高圧型窒化硼素粒子に被覆された被覆形成物質がその儘、及び/又はこの被覆形成物質と高圧型窒化硼素との反応生成物が結合材として、これらが、変形乃至移動して高圧型窒化硼素粒子間間隙を充填し、結合材と高圧型窒化硼素が結合し、結合材及び高圧型窒化硼素によって囲まれる空隙や気孔の排除、消滅にのみ効果のある圧力を作用すれば、高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の緻密化が可能となり、高度に微組織を制御した被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造が可能であることを見い出した。
【0016】
このためには、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子への被覆の一様さ、均一性等の被覆の質が当該被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造の成否の鍵であることを見い出した。
すなわち、本発明者らは、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体である高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子へ単一粒子単位に結合材となる物質及び/又は焼結助剤となる物質を被覆形成物質として被覆するためには、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中のこの芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上である高い分散状態の被覆空間の被覆開始領域で、被覆を開始しなければならないことを見い出した。
【0017】
より詳しくは、(I)高圧型窒化硼素粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の状態に分散させたこの芯粒子粉体の粒子は、滞留させなくとも、時間の経過と共にブラウン凝集、乱流凝集、音波凝集等により再凝集する傾向にあり、一旦再凝集すると、特別に高い分散性能を有する分散処理手段により分散させなければ、再凝集の状態を崩して再分散させることが困難であり、このため、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の当該芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上である高い分散状態で被覆空間の被覆開始領域に導く必要があること、またそのためには、(II)この芯粒子粉体の粒子からなる凝集体を崩し、且つ主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子を高い分散状態に分散させる、一以上からなる特別に高い分散性能を有する分散処理手段群が必要であることを見い出したのである。
【0018】
そしてこのようにして得られた被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子を、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定である2000MPa未満の圧力および1850℃を越えない温度において焼結することにより、均一で、緻密で、且つ強固に焼結された、微組織が高度に制御された高性能な高圧型窒化硼素焼結体が得られたのである。
すなわち、本発明によれば2000MPa未満の比較的緩い超高圧力を発生可能なPC型超高圧力装置、又は1000MPaまで加圧が可能な超高圧HIP装置、或は上記の超高圧HIP装置以外のHIP装置、若しくはHP装置を使用して、各々の焼結環境下において、高圧型窒化硼素をグラファイト型相に相転移させることなく被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を均一で緻密で、且つ強固に焼結された焼結体となしうるのである。
更にまた、この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、恰も前記被覆物質そのものの粒子の如き焼結挙動を示すことを見い出し、これにより、被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の強化が可能な、短径が500μm以下で、この短径に対する長径との比が2以上の形状の金属又は化合物の一種類以上からなる繊維状物質を添加して焼結可能であることも見い出し、本発明に至った。
【0019】
即ち、本発明は、高圧型窒化硼素の微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子、又は主に同微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であって、その表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたものを焼結して高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造するに当り、この被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子は、芯粒子粉体を被覆空間に投入し、気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体を、芯粒子粉体の粒子に接触及び/又は衝突させて、芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたものであって、
(A) 微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段が、
(a) この芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させる分散手段、および
(b) 芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物において低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段とこの高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段により選択分離された低分散芯粒子粉体部分を微粒子高分散処理手段群中の分散手段の内の最終分散手段及び/又は最終分散手段以前の処理手段に搬送するフィードバック手段とを備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段、
から選ばれる微粒子高分散処理手段群により、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、(B) この分散工程で分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程、
からなる被覆手段によって調製されたものを使用し、
この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが、準安定な圧力及び温度の焼結条件において焼結することを特徴とする被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法を提供するものである。
【0020】
更に本発明は、上記した高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、
被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子の被覆形成物質を介して接触状態で集合塊を形成した被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子の集合塊を、解砕及び/又は破砕する被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子集合塊の解砕・破砕工程、及び/又は
この被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子集合塊と一次粒子単位の被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子とを選択分離する選択分離工程
を更に経て調製されたものであり、そしてこの被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定な2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0021】
更に本発明は、上記した高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造する方法において、その表面を被覆形成物質で被覆するべき高圧型窒化硼素の微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に同粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子が、溶融塩浴を用いる浸漬法により、浸漬法に由来する被覆物質で一層以上被覆された微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であり、これを被覆形成物質で被覆して得られた被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定な2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0022】
更にまた本発明は、上記した高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする分散性能を有する微粒子高分散処理手段群による分散工程を設け、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を被覆工程に直接放出するか、又は分散工程と被覆工程の間に、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する放出部から、搬送に不可避の、中空部材、中空を形成せしめる部材からなる中間部材、及びパイプから選択される一種類またはそれ以上の部材を介して搬送するか、及び/又は前記分散性能で気中に分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の粒子の気中分散状態を維持する気中分散維持手段、前記分散性能で気中に分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の粒子の気中分散状態を高める気中分散促進手段、芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物の内の、低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の一種またはそれ以上を介して搬送して調製されたものであり、そして、この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定な2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0023】
更にまた本発明は、上記した高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする分散性能を有する微粒子高分散処理手段群による分散工程の一部以上と前記被覆工程の一部以上とを、空間を一部以上共有して行うことにより調製されたものであり、そして、この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定な2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0024】
更にまた本発明は、上記した高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする空間領域の内の、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子のすべての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめるか、又は体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする空間領域の内の、回収手段の回収部に回収する全ての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめることにより調製されたものであり、そしてこの被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定な2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0025】
更にまた本発明は、上記した高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造する方法において、被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、粒度分布が、平均粒子径をDMとしたとき、体積基準頻度分布で(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)である芯粒子粉体に被覆形成物質を被覆して調製されたものであり、そして、この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子、又は同粒子を含む混合物を、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定な2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない温度において焼結する上記焼結体の製造法にも関する。
【0026】
そして本発明は、上記した製造法によって製造される被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体にも関するものである。
而して、本発明によれば、高圧型窒化硼素の微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に同微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であって、その表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたものを、2000MPa未満の圧力及び1850℃を越えない温度において焼結して高圧型窒化硼素粒子の焼結体を製造するに際して、上記した表面が被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧窒化硼素粒子として、気相法により気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体と、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段により気中に分散させた平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子からなる高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とを、被覆空間の被覆開始領域で、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度がβ≧70%である分散状態で合流させ、接触及び/又は衝突させて高圧型窒化硼素粒子の表面を被覆形成物質で被覆したものを用いることにより、これまでに得られなかった高圧型窒化硼素の粒子表面の未焼結部のない、均一で、緻密で、且つ強固に焼結された、高度に制御された微組織を有する高性能な高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を2000MPa未満の比較的緩い超高圧力を発生可能な圧力装置を用いて得ることができた。そして、上記した被覆芯粒子の調製に際して、被覆形成物質前駆体は、原子、分子、イオン、クラスター、原子クラスター、分子クラスター、クラスターイオン等からなる気相状態の、或いは気相を経て生成したばかりのもので、この高分散状態の高圧型窒化硼素粒子と接触及び/又は衝突を始めることにより、一次粒子状態の個々の芯粒子の表面に被覆形成物質は強固に結合し、その結果、芯粒子の表面を被覆形成物質により単一粒子単位で被覆を施した被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が製造できるのである。
【0027】
以下に本発明を詳細に説明する前に、本明細書中に使用する用語をはじめに定義することにし、そして必要によってその用語の具体的内容を説明し、次いで被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子の調製がどのような技術的手段によって行なわれるものであるのかの説明を行うことにする。
【0028】
被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子
被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子とは、被覆が施された下記する高圧型窒化硼素粒子をいう。例えば、具体的には、被覆形成物質が、超微粒子状、島状、連続質状、一様な膜状、突起物状等の内の一種以上の形態で芯粒子として高圧型窒化硼素粒子に被覆された粒子をいう。
【0029】
高圧型窒化硼素原料粉体粒子
本発明に係る、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子が微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子である高圧型窒化硼素芯粒子の表面に、被覆形成物質を被覆した被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子用の高圧型窒化硼素粒子の原料粉体粒子には、人工の高圧型窒化硼素粒子である静的及び/又は動的超高圧合成、及び/又は低圧気相法合成による立方晶型及び/又はウルツ鉱型窒化硼素粒子を用いることができる。
高圧型窒化硼素はグラファイト型相への相転移を抑制するため、合成時に触媒作用のある物質を使用した場合は、当該物質を可能な限り取り除いたものが好適である。最も好適な例として例えば物理蒸着法(PVD法)或いは化学蒸着法(CVD法)による気相を介して合成される超高純度な立方晶窒化硼素が選択可能である。薄膜状に合成される場合は、不純物による汚染に注意しながら粉砕して使用する。粒状或いは粉体状に合成される場合はそのまま使用可能である。これ以外の高純度な例としては、時間をかけて成長させた高純度な単結晶からなるものが選択可能である。或いは積極的に不純物を除去した立方晶及び/又はウルツ鉱型窒化硼素粒子も選択できる。
高性能な被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造するための高圧型窒化硼素原料粉体粒子としては、その平均粒子径が10μm以下の高圧型窒化硼素粒子が用いられる。具体的には、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子は、平均粒子径Dが10μm以下で体積頻度分布が(〔D/5,5D〕,≧90%)の高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子が一般に流通しているのでこれを適用できる。用途に応じて、比較的分布の幅の狭い平均粒子径Dが10μm以下で体積基準頻度分布が(〔D/3,3D〕,≧90%)の高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子、或いは分級等により高圧型窒化硼素粒子の粒子径が管理され更に分布の幅の狭い平均粒子径Dが10μm以下で体積基準頻度分布が(〔D/2,3D/2〕,≧90%)の高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子を選択できる。
このような分布の高圧型窒化硼素粒子を原料粉体粒子として適用すると、被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体中の高圧型窒化硼素の粒子表面の未焼結部分のない均一で、緻密で且つ強固に焼結された、高度に制御された微組織を有する高性能な被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体が製造できる。
【0030】
気相被覆法
気相被覆法とは、被覆形成物質の原料が、分子流、イオン流、プラズマ、ガス、蒸気、エアロゾルの一種以上からなる気相状態を少なくとも一度は経て被覆する方法、又は気相状態の被覆形成物質の原料により被覆する方法をいう。
【0031】
芯粒子
芯粒子とは、被覆を施す対象物となる粒子をいう。これはまた、母材粒子、種粒子或は被覆される粒子ともいう。
この芯粒子は、高圧型窒化硼素粒子、具体的には立方晶窒化硼素粒子及び/又はウルツ鉱型窒化硼素粒子からなる。
【0032】
芯粒子粉体
芯粒子粉体とは、芯粒子からなる粉体をいう。芯粒子粉体の粒子とは、芯粒子粉体を構成する粒子をいう。本発明で用いる被覆に供する微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子は、平均粒子径が体積基準頻度分布で10μm以下である。
【0033】
好ましくは、平均粒子径をDMとしたとき、DMが10μm以下で、粒度分布が体積基準頻度分布で(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)である。このような比較的分布の幅の狭い粉体では、平均粒子径で粉体の分散特性又は凝集特性が特徴付けられ、DMの値に適した条件で微粒子高分散処理手段群を作動させれば分散できる。
【0034】
平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体の粒子の粒度分布が、幅広い分布又は互いに離れた複数のピークを持つ分布の粉体では、好適には適当な選択分離処理、例えば分級処理を行ってそれぞれ分級された粉体ごとに、被覆処理を施す。これにより、それぞれ分級された粉体ごとに上記条件の下で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域で分散度βが70%以上の状態で被覆が開始され、芯粒子粉体の粒子一つ一つの粒子に被覆が可能となる。
【0035】
被覆形成物質
被覆形成物質とは、被覆を施す対象物に被覆を形成する物質をいう。例えば、具体的には、超微粒子状、島状、連続質状、一様な膜状、突起物状等の一種以上からなる形態で芯粒子粉体の粒子に被覆を形成する物質をいう。
【0036】
特に、被覆形成物質の形態が超微粒子状の場合、この超微粒子の粒子径は、例えば0.005μm〜0.5μmの範囲のものをいう。
【0037】
この被覆形成物質は、被覆形成物質自体がそのままで被覆を形成するか、又は被覆形成物質と芯粒子の高圧型窒化硼素とが反応して及び/又は高圧型窒化硼素粒子に固溶して及び/又は二種類以上の被覆形成物質同志が反応して及び/又は合金化して及び/又は固溶して被覆を形成するための目的とする無機化合物、合金、金属間化合物等の一種類又はそれ以上を生成し、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子の焼結を促進する焼結助剤及び/又は結合材となる単体物質及び/又は化合物及び/又は高圧型窒化硼素粒子の表面改質剤となる単体物質及び/又は化合物から選択される。
【0038】
直接高圧型窒化硼素粒子に被覆する被覆形成物質は、高圧型窒化硼素をグラファイト型相に相転移を促進しない被覆形成物質が選択される。この高圧型窒化硼素粒子の粒界を制御する表面改質剤としても被覆形成物質が選択可能である。必要に応じて、例えば、高圧型窒化硼素粒子と焼結助剤及び/又は結合材との化学結合性を高めたり、又は個々の高圧型窒化硼素粒子を任意の物質から隔離し、これにより、高圧型窒化硼素のグラファイト型相への相転移を抑止したり或いは高圧型窒化硼素と任意の物質との反応を抑止したりすることができる。これにより、焼結助剤及び/又は結合材としての被覆形成物質の選択の幅が飛躍的に大きく広がり好適である。
【0039】
これらの被覆形成物質は、周期律表1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、6a、7a、1b、2b、3b、4b、5b、6b、7b、8族の金属、半導体、半金属、希土類金属、非金属及びその酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物、炭窒化物、酸炭窒化物、硼化物、珪化物の一種類又はそれ以上、例えばAl、B、Si、Fe、Ni、Co、Ti、Nb、V、Zr、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Cr、Cu、Mo、Y、La、TiAl、Ti3Al、TiAl3、TiNi、NiAl、Ni3Al、SiC、TiC、ZrC、B4C、WC、W2C、HfC、VC、TaC、Ta2C、NbC、Mo2C、Cr32、Si34、TiN、ZrN、Si22O、AlN、HfN、VxN(x=1〜3)、NbN、TaN、Ta2N、TiB、TiB2、ZrB2、VB、V32、VB2、NbB、NbB2、TaB、TaB2、MoB、MoB2、MoB4、Mo2B、WB、W2B、W25、LaB6、B132、MoSi2、BP、Al23、ZrO2、MgAl24(スピネル)、Al2SiO5(ムライト)の一種類又はそれ以上を含む物質であることができる。
【0040】
この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子表面を被覆する被覆形成物質の被覆による添加量は、特に制限はないが、好適には被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を緻密化可能な程度の任意の量が選択される。
【0041】
被覆空間に投入の定義
被覆空間に投入とは、例えば、自由落下等の落下によって芯粒子粉体を被覆空間に導入することをいう。搬送ガスにより投入する場合には、芯粒子粉体を芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の流れの方向に乗せて導入したり、気体に乗せて流れの方向へ、或いは気体に乗り方向が変えられて導入することをいう。または、搬送ガスの作用を受けて導入することをもいう。例えば、搬送ガスの波動現象、具体的には非線系波動によって導入することをもいう。或いは、ガス中の音波、超音波、磁場、電子線等によって被覆空間に導入することをもいう。また、外場、例えば電場、磁場、電子線等により導入することをもいう。具体的には、電場、磁場、電子線等により粉体粒子を帯電させ、または帯磁させ引力又は斥力により被覆空間に導入することをもいう。また、ガスの背圧や減圧によって吸い込まれ、導入することも含む。
【0042】
被覆空間
被覆空間とは、被覆形成物質の原料から気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体と芯粒子粉体の粒子が接触及び/又は衝突する空間をいう。あるいは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面を被覆形成物質で被覆する空間領域をいう。
【0043】
被覆室
被覆室とは、被覆空間を一部以上有する室をいう。より具体的には、被覆室とは、被覆空間を含む仕切られた、又は略仕切られた(略閉じた、半閉じた)室であって、被覆空間を一部以上含む室である。
【0044】
気中
気中とは、真空又は気相状態の空間内をいう。ここで、本発明において、気相状態とは、分子流、イオン流、プラズマ、ガス、蒸気などの状態をいう。真空とは、技術的には、減圧状態をさす。どんな減圧下でも、厳密にはガス、分子、原子、イオン等が含まれる。
【0045】
被覆形成物質前駆体
被覆形成物質前駆体とは、被覆形成物質の前駆体である。より詳しくは、気相状態の被覆形成物質の原料がそのまま、又は被覆形成物質の原料から気相を経て形成及び/又は合成され、被覆を施す対象物となる粒子である芯粒子に被覆を形成する直前までの物質をいう。被覆形成物質前駆体は、被覆形成物質の原料から、気相を経て形成及び/又は合成する限り、状態の制限はない。被覆形成物質の原料が気相の場合、この原料が被覆形成物質前駆体にもなりうる。被覆形成物質前駆体そのものが気相であってもよい。また、被覆形成物質前駆体が反応性物質の場合は、反応前でも良く、反応中でもよく、反応後でもよい。被覆形成物質前駆体の具体例としては、イオン、原子、分子、クラスター、原子クラスター、分子クラスター、クラスターイオン、超微粒子、ガス、蒸気、エアロゾル等が挙げられる。
【0046】
被覆形成物質の原料
被覆形成物質の原料とは、気相を経て被覆を形成する物質となる原料物質をいう。被覆形成物質の原料の形態の具体例として、塊状の固体、粉体粒子、気体、液体等が挙げられる。
【0047】
分散度β
分散度βとは、粉体分散装置の分散性能を評価する指数として増田、後藤氏らが提案(化学工学、第22回、秋季大会研究発表講演要旨集、P349(1989)参照)したように、全粒子の重量に対する、見かけの一次粒子状態の粒子の重量の割合と定義する。ここで、見かけの一次粒子状態の粒子とは、任意の分散状態の粉体粒子の質量基準の頻度分布fm2と完全分散されている粉体粒子の質量基準の頻度分布fm1のオーバーラップしている部分の割合を示し、次の式のβで表される。
【0048】
【数1】

Figure 0003948632
上式において、粒子径の単位(μm)は規定されるものではない。
上式は質量基準で表した粒度分布を基準にして分散度を評価しているが、本来分散度は体積基準で表した粒度分布を基にして評価されるべきものである。しかし粉体粒子密度が同じである場合には質量基準で表した粒度分布と体積基準で表した粒度分布は同じになる。そこで実用上測定が容易な質量基準の粒度分布を測定し、それを体積基準の粒度分布として用いている。従って本来の分散度βは次の式及び図2(a)の斜線部分の面積で表される。
【0049】
【数2】
Figure 0003948632
上式において粒子径の単位(μm)は規定されるものではない。
そして芯粒子粉体の分布及び平均粒子径は、特に断らない限り基本的には体積基準を用いることとする。
【0050】
体積基準頻度分布
体積基準頻度分布とは、粒子径の分布をある粒子径に含まれる体積割合をもって表したものをいう。
【0051】
(〔D1,D2〕,≧90%)の定義
(〔D1,D2〕,≧90%)分布とは、D1、D2を粒子径、但しD1<D2とするとき、D1以上でD2以下の粒子が体積で90%以上含まれる分布を表し、図2(b)のように斜線の部分の割合が90%以上である粒子からなる粉体を表す。
【0052】
体積基準頻度分布(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)の定義
粒度分布が、体積基準頻度分布で(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)分布とは、DMを体積基準の平均粒子径とするとき、DMの1/5倍の粒子径以上、DMの5倍の粒子径以下の粒子を体積で90%以上含む分布を表す。例えば、平均粒子径DMが5μmで体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)とは、体積基準の平均粒子径が5μmで、1μm以上且つ25μm以下の粒子径の粒子が体積で90%以上含まれるような分布を表す。ここで、体積基準の平均粒子径DMは、
【数3】
Figure 0003948632
又は技術的には、ある粒子径間隔をDi±△Di/2(△Diは区分の幅)内にある粒子群の体積をViとすると、
M=Σ(vii)/Σvi
と表される。
【0053】
被覆開始領域
微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理後、初めて被覆が開始される領域を被覆開始領域という。従って、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理以前では、初めて被覆が開始される領域でも、ここでいう被覆開始領域ではない。
【0054】
被覆開始領域での分散度β
本発明では、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とした領域に被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめる被覆室を設ける。この被覆空間の被覆開始領域における分散度であれば、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、実質的に粒子一個一個の単位に気中に分散して被覆に供することができ、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を通過する全ての芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面の少なくとも一部と、被覆形成物質前駆体とは接触及び/又は衝突するため、必ず粒子一個一個の単位に被覆形成物質を付けることができる。
好適には、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終の分散処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを80%以上とする。この被覆空間の被覆開始領域での分散度であれば、芯粒子粉体の粒子が体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子に対して事実上芯粒子同士による閉ざされた部分がなく、一個一個の粒子の表面のいたるところに被覆形成物質前駆体を接触及び/又は衝突させることが可能であり、一個一個の粒子表面にほぼ一様に被覆できる。
【0055】
より好適には、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終の分散処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを90%以上とする。この被覆空間の被覆開始領域の分散度であれば、芯粒子粉体の粒子が体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子の芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であっても事実上凝集しておらず、一個一個の粒子の表面全てに事実上一様に被覆できる。
特に、処理能率が低くてもよいから、高品位な被覆を行いたいときは、分散度は、95%以上がより好ましい。この場合、微量の芯粒子粉体の粒子を処理して、完全分散の芯粒子粉体の粒子の気中個数濃度を低くすることにより可能となる。これにより、完全に一個一個の粒子の全表面に一様に被覆できる。
【0056】
微粒子高分散処理手段群
微粒子高分散処理手段群とは、
(A) 少なくとも分散手段を1以上有し、
(B) 最終の処理手段として、
(a) 芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させる分散手段、又は
(b) 芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物において低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段とこの高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段により分離された低分散芯粒子粉体部分をこの微粒子高分散処理手段群中の分散手段の内の最終分散手段及び/又は最終分散手段以前の処理手段に搬送するフィードバック手段とを備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段、
を有するものである。
好適には、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とし、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする分散性能を有するものである。
前記被覆開始領域における種々の分散度、例えばβ≧70%、80%、90%に対応してそれらと同等以上の分散性能の微粒子高分散処理手段群を設けることにより、被覆開始領域において、各分散度に応じた高品位な被覆を施すことができる。
【0057】
最終処理手段
微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終の処理手段が分散手段の場合、この分散処理手段を微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段という。又、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終の処理手段が、微粒子高分散処理手段の最終の分散手段へ、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択処理工程時に於いて低分散状態であったために選択分離された部分を搬送するフィードバック手段を備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段、又は最終の分散手段より前の処理手段に、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択処理工程時に於いて低分散状態であったために選択分離された部分を搬送するフィードバック手段を備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の場合、この高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段を微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段という。
【0058】
尚、この、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段であるフィードバック手段を備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段より前に設ける(例えば、このフィードバック手段を備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段と最終分散手段の間、或いは最終分散手段より前)高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段は、フィードバック手段の有無にかかわらず微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成要素である。
【0059】
分散手段
微粒子を分散するために用いる手段を分散手段という。この分散手段は少しでも或いは僅かでも分散効果を有するものは分散手段として使用可能であり、これを分散手段とする。例えば、一般に供給手段として用いる空気輸送用のロータリーフィーダーやインジェクションフィーダー(粉体工学会編:“粉体工学便覧”、日刊工業新聞社(1986)P568、P571)は、分散効果も有するので、分散目的の手段として使用する場合は分散手段である。後述の分散維持・促進手段も分散目的で(βを高める目的で)使用する場合は分散手段となる。そしてこの分散手段は単一の装置、機器である場合も、複合された装置、機器である場合もあり、これらを総称して微粒子高分散処理手段群と呼ぶ。
この微粒子高分散処理手段群は、芯粒子粉体の粒子の加速及び/又は速度勾配に置く気流による分散、芯粒子粉体の粒子の静止障害物及び/又は回転体でなる障害物への衝突による分散、芯粒子粉体の粒子の流動層及び/又は脈流及び/又は回転ドラム及び/又は振動及び/又は掻取りからなる機械的解砕による分散等の選択された一種類以上の分散の機構を備えたものをいう。
【0060】
具体的には、微粒子高分散処理手段群は、エジェクタ型分散機、ベンチュリ型分散機、細管、撹拌機、気流中の障害物を利用した分散機、ジェットの吹付けを利用した分散機、螺旋管、回転羽根を利用した分散機、回転するピンを利用した分散機(ケージミル)、流動層型分散機、脈流を利用した分散機、回転ドラムを利用した分散機、振動を利用した分散機、振動ふるい、スクレーパによる掻き取りを利用した分散機、SAEI、Gonell式分散機、中条式分散機、Roller式分散機、オリフィス型分散機、B.M式分散機、Timbrell式分散機、Wright式分散機等の選択された一種以上からなる分散手段を備えたものである(粉体工学会編:“粉体工学便覧”、日刊工業新聞社(1986)P430)。
【0061】
また、特開昭56−1336号に記載の撹拌羽根を利用した分散機、特開昭58−163454号に記載の高速気流と分散ノズルを利用した分散機、特開昭59−199027号に記載の回転羽根による分散作用とプラズマイオンによる分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭59−207319号に記載のプラズマイオンによる分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭59−216616号に記載のエジェクタとプラズマイオンによる分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭59−225728号に記載のエジェクタとイオン流の分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭59−183845号に記載のプラズマイオンの分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭63−166421号に記載の分散羽根と圧力気体による分散作用を利用した分散機、特開昭62−176527号に記載のライン状又はリング状スリット型噴出口を用いた分散機、特開昭63−221829号に記載の網状羽根を利用した分散機、特開昭63−1629号に記載の噴射ノズルからの高速気流による分散作用を利用した分散機、実開昭63−9218号に記載の多数の細孔を利用した分散機、実開昭62−156854号に記載のエジェクタ型分散機、実開昭63−6034号に記載の細孔とオリフィスを利用した分散機等の公報に記載のものも使用可能である。
微粒子高分散処理手段群に好適な分散手段として、特願昭63−311358号、特願平1−71071号、特願平2−218537号等に記載の装置が挙げられる。
【0062】
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段とは、芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物から、低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を分離し、主に単一粒子状態の粒子を含む高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する手段をいう。一次粒子の集合体である凝集粒子は、見かけの粒子径が一次粒子の粒子径に比べ大きくなることから、例えば乾式分級手段により分離が可能である。この高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の例としては、重力を利用した分級手段、慣性力を利用した分級手段、遠心力を利用した分級手段、静電気を利用した分級手段、流動層を利用した分級手段等から一種以上選択された乾式分級手段が挙げられる。
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の例としては、重力分級機、慣性分級機、遠心分級機、サイクロン、エアセパレータ、ミクロンセパレータ、ミクロプレックス、ムルチプレックス、ジグザグ分級機、アキュカット、コニカルセパレータ、ターボクラシファイア、スーパセパレータ、ディスパージョンセパレータ、エルボジェット、流動層分級機、バーチュアルインパクタ、O-Sepa、ふるい、バイブレーティングスクリーン、シフタ(粉体工学会編:“粉体工学便覧”日刊工業新聞社、P514(1986))等が挙げられる。
【0063】
芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物
芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とは、(a)芯粒子粉体の粒子が気中に一様に浮遊した均質流れ(一様な浮遊流れ)、(b)芯粒子粉体の粒子が気中のある領域で非一様な分布を示す不均質流れ(非均質浮遊流れ)、(c)芯粒子粉体の粒子の摺動層を伴う流れ(摺動流れ)、又は(d)芯粒子粉体の粒子の静止層を伴う流れをいう。
【0064】
低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物
低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とは、芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の内、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態以外の状態で気中に存在する芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物をいう。
【0065】
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物
高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とは、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物をいう。高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物は、極めて高分散であっても、実際には凝集粒子を含む。低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物は、実際には、凝集していない単粒子を含み、選択分離して低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物と高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物に分けられる。低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物は、凝集粒子の選択分離及び/又は再分散により、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物となる。
【0066】
回収手段
被覆空間で被覆した被覆粒子を取り出す手段を回収手段という。回収手段の内で回収処理の行われる部分を回収部という。被覆空間の被覆開始領域を通過して被覆した被覆粒子は、気中から直接取り出して回収するか、又は気中から取り出して一時的に蓄えてから回収するか、又は、気体と共に回収される。
回収手段の回収部としては、隔壁(障害物)を利用した回収手段の回収部、重力を利用した回収手段の回収部、慣性力を利用した回収手段の回収部、遠心力を利用した回収手段の回収部、帯電による引力を利用した回収手段の回収部、熱泳動力を利用した回収手段の回収部、ブラウン拡散を利用した回収手段の回収部、ガスの背圧や減圧等による吸引力を利用した回収手段の回収部等が利用可能である。
回収手段の回収部の好適な例として、重力集塵機、慣性集塵機、遠心力集塵機、濾過集塵機、電気集塵機、洗浄集塵機、粒子充填層、サイクロン、バグフィルター、セラミックスフィルター、スクラバー等が挙げられる。
【0067】
次に、本発明で用いる被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する場合に採用される微粒子高分散処理手段群を添付の図面に基づいて説明することにする。
【0068】
微粒子高分散処理手段群の図の説明
図3(a)は被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本的な構成の一例を表すブロック図である。芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散させる最終の分散手段A、最終の分散手段以前の分散処理手段群の構成要素dで構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。構成要素dとしては、分散手段、供給手段、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素dは、必ずしも設けなくとも良い。微粒子高分散処理手段群は、好適には最終の処理手段である分散手段Aの処理後、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体に対し、分散度が分散度βで70%以上を実現できる構成のものである。
【0069】
図3(b)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本的な構成の第2の例を表すブロック図である。芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散させる最終の分散手段A、最終の分散手段Aへ芯粒子粉体の粒子が、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηをフィードバックさせるフィードバック手段Cを備えた最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段B、最終の分散手段以前の分散処理手段群の構成要素d、最終分散手段と最終選択手段の間の微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成要素eで構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。構成要素dとしては、分散手段、供給手段、選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素eとしては、分散手段以外の処理手段、例えば供給手段、選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素d及びeは、必ずしも設けなくとも良い。微粒子高分散処理手段群は、好適には最終の処理手段である選択手段Bによる処理後、前記分布の芯粒子粉体に対し分散度が分散度βで70%以上を実現できる構成である。
【0070】
図3(c)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本的な構成の第3の一例を表すブロック図である。芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散させる最終の分散手段A、最終の分散手段Aより前の処理手段へ芯粒子粉体の粒子が、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηをフィードバックさせるフィードバック手段Cを備えた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段B、最終の分散手段以前の微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成要素d、最終の分散手段と最後の選択手段の間の微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成要素eで構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。構成要素dとしては、分散手段、供給手段、選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素dとしては、分散手段以外の処理手段、例えば供給手段、選択手段等任意の処理手段を単独又は組み合わせて使用できる。構成要素d及びeは、必ずしも設けなくとも良い。微粒子高分散処理手段群は、好適には最終の処理手段である選択手段Bによる処理後、前記分布の芯粒子粉体に対し分散度が分散度βで70%以上を実現できる構成である。
【0071】
なお、以上のような構成であるから、供給槽、芯粒子生成手段等の粉体の供給源も本微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成に含めてもよい。例えば図3(c)の場合、フィードバック手段Cのフィードバック先を供給槽とする構成も高分散処理手段群の構成として良いことは言うまでもない。又、微粒子高分散処理手段群の分散工程の前に、芯粒子粉体の粒子を解砕及び/又は粉砕する解砕工程を入れても良いことは言うまでもない。
【0072】
上記した微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本的な構成の具体的な代表例をより詳細にしたブロック図に基づいて更に詳しく説明することにする。
構成1
図4(a)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第1の構成を説明するブロック図であって図3(a)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段Aから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0073】
構成2
図4(b)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第2の構成を説明するブロック図であって図3(a)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる分散手段a、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段Aから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0074】
構成3
図4(c)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第3の構成を説明するブロック図であって図3(a)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる分散手段a、分散手段aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段aへフィードバックさせるフィードバック手段C、主に高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を最終の分散手段Aへ導入する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段b、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段A、から構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0075】
構成4
図4(d)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第4の構成を説明するブロック図であって図3(b)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段A、最終分散手段Aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段Aへフィードバックするフィードバック手段C、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段Bから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0076】
構成5
図4(e)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第5の構成を説明するブロック図であって図3(b)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる分散手段a、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段A、最終分散手段Aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段Aへフィードバックするフィードバック手段C、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段Bから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0077】
構成6
図4(f)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第6の構成を説明するブロック図であって図3(b)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を取り除き、主に高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を分散手段Aへ導入する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段b、選択分離された芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散させる最終分散手段A、最終分散手段Aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段Aへフィードバックさせるフィードバック手段C、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段Bから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0078】
構成7
図4(g)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製する際の微粒子高分散処理手段群の第7の構成を説明するブロック図であって図3(c)に対応するものである。本例は、被覆される芯粒子粉体を供給する供給槽100、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる分散手段a、被覆される芯粒子粉体を分散させる最終分散手段A、最終分散手段Aで分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物のうちから主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物、以外の低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物ηを分散手段aへフィードバックするフィードバック手段C、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を放出する最終の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段Bから構成されている。εは、芯粒子粉体の粒子の内、主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物である。
【0079】
このようにして達成された微粒子の高分散状態を維持するために、気中分散維持手段を微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室の間に付加することもできる。ここでいう気中分散維持手段とは、気中に分散担持された芯粒子粉体の粒子の再凝集を防止して分散度βを維持する手段をいう。又、このようにして達成された芯粒子の高分散状態を促進するために、気中分散促進手段を微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室の間に付加することもできる。ここでいう気中分散促進手段とは、気中に分散担持された芯粒子粉体の粒子のうち主に再凝集した粒子の再分散を促進し、分散状態の低下を鈍らせたり、一旦低下した分散状態を元の高分散の状態まで回復するように再分散を促す手段をいう。
この気中分散維持手段又は気中分散促進手段の好適な例としては、パイプ振動装置、パイプ加熱装置、プラズマ発生装置、荷電装置等が挙げられる。
【0080】
パイプ振動装置は、発振器を設置したパイプの振動により、気中に分散している粒子に分散機とは言えない振動を与えることで、再凝集を抑制し高分散状態を維持する手段又は再凝集した粒子の分散を促進する手段である。
パイプ加熱装置は、加熱したパイプにより搬送気体の外側から熱を加えて搬送気体を膨張させ、分散機とは言えないほどに流速を加速して再凝集を抑制し、再凝集した粒子の分散を促進する手段である。
【0081】
プラズマ発生装置は、芯粒子粉体を分散担持している気中にプラズマを発生させ、そのプラズマイオンと芯粒子との衝突により、再凝集を抑制し高分散状態を維持する手段又は再凝集した粒子の分散を促進する手段である。
荷電装置は、芯粒子粉体を分散担持している気中に、コロナ放電、電子ビーム、放射線等の方法で単極イオンを発生させ、単極イオン雰囲気中を通過させることで粒子を単極に帯電させ、静電気の斥力により再凝集を抑制し高分散状態を維持する手段又は再凝集した粒子の分散を促進する手段である。
【0082】
このようにして形成された微粒子の高分散状態の芯粒子粉体は粒子の表面を被覆形成物質で被覆するために被覆室に送られる。この被覆室には被覆開始領域を含む被覆空間が設けられている。
微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室とは直結することが望ましいが、搬送に不可避の中空部材及び/又はパイプを使って接続しても良い。この場合にも、被覆開始領域でのβ≧70%を実現することが不可欠である。
微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室を別々に置いてその間を連結する場合は、芯粒子粉体をその分散状態のまま被覆室へ導入してやれば良い。そのためには、この間に芯粒子粉体の分散状態を維持するための装置である気中分散維持手段及び/又は分散状態を高めるための装置である気中分散促進手段及び/又は芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物から、低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、主に単一粒子状態の粒子を含む高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段を設けることもできる。
【0083】
又、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を調製するに際して、微粒子高分散処理手段群が、(1)被覆室、又は(2)被覆空間、又は(3)被覆開始領域と一部以上空間を共有することもできる。
例えば、微粒子高分散手段群中の分散空間と被覆室とを、又は微粒子高分散手段群中の分散空間と被覆開始領域を有する被覆空間とを、又は微粒子高分散手段群中の分散空間と被覆開始領域とを、空間的に共有することもできる。
ここで被覆開始領域とは、β≧70%の分散状態で搬送された高分散状態の芯粒子粉体に気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体が接触及び/又は衝突し、被覆を開始する領域を指し、次の図5(a)〜(e)で示される態様が考慮される。
すなわち、図5(a)〜(e)において被覆開始領域は2で示される領域である。
【0084】
図5(a)において粉体に対してβ≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を微粒子高分散処理手段群又は微粒子高分散処理手段群の一部、好適には微粒子高分散処理手段群の放出部1を覆って設ける。
図5(b)において微粒子高分散処理手段群又は微粒子高分散処理手段群の放出部1から放出される芯粒子粉体の粒子4が全て通る前記β≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を設ける。
上記の構成により、全ての芯粒子粉体の粒子はβ≧70%の分散状態で被覆が始められる。
図5(c)において微粒子高分散処理手段群又は微粒子高分散処理手段群の放出部1から放出される芯粒子粉体の粒子4の内、回収部5に入る粒子が必ず通過する前記β≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を設ける。
【0085】
図5(d)において回収部5を囲む前記β≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を設ける。
図5(e)において高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の粒子のみが到達可能な位置に回収部5を設ける。従って、ここでの領域6は重力を利用した選択手段となる。回収部に入る高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の粒子が、必ず通過する前記β≧70%の分散状態で被覆を始める被覆空間の被覆開始領域2を図の斜線部のように設ける。
β≧70%の分散状態で被覆始めた芯粒子のみ回収でき、被覆開始領域を通っていない芯粒子と被覆開始領域を通過した被覆粒子とは混ざることはない。
【0086】
上記したところから、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための装置は、微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室、又は微粒子高分散処理手段群と被覆室と回収手段から構成されるものであるが、これらの装置の構成要素は、種々の組み合わせ方をすることが可能で、これらの装置の構成例を図面にもとづいて説明するとつぎのとおりである。
【0087】
装置の構成1
図6(a)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための第一の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1に直結してある。
【0088】
装置の構成2
図6(b)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための第二の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、不可避の中空部材2−C2、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1に不可避の中空部材2−C2を介して接続してある。
【0089】
装置の構成3
図6(c)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための第三の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、気中分散維持手段2−C3、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1に気中分散維持手段2−C3を介して接続してある。
【0090】
装置の構成4
図6(d)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための第四の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1と空間を共有している。
【0091】
装置の構成5
図6(e)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための第五の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1は、被覆室2−B1中に設けている。
【0092】
装置の構成6
図6(f)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための第六の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−Dから構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1の分散空間中に、被覆室2−B1を設けている。
【0093】
装置の構成7
図6(g)は、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための第七の装置の構成を説明するブロック図である。本例のこの装置は、被覆装置の製造装置本体2−A、被覆室2−B1、被覆空間2−B2、被覆開始領域2−B3、微粒子高分散処理手段群2−C1、回収手段2−D、再被覆供給手段2−Eから構成されている。回収手段2−Dから被覆後の被覆粒子を高分散処理手段群2−C1に再被覆供給手段2−Eにより搬送して、繰り返して被覆処理が行える。
かかる構成の装置のいずれかにより、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子が製造されるものである。
【0094】
上記のようにして高圧型窒化硼素粒子である芯粒子粉体を被覆形成物質で被覆した被覆粒子について、再び被覆形成物質で被覆すること、またはこの再被覆を反復することもできる。この場合、被覆粒子は再被覆供給手段に送られる。ここで、再被覆供給手段とは、再被覆を行うために被覆後の被覆粒子を微粒子高分散処理手段群へ搬送する手段をいう。具体的には、(a)被覆粒子を回収する回収手段、及び(b)この回収手段から微粒子高分散処理手段群に被覆粒子を搬送する被覆粒子搬送手段を備えた手段である。または、(a)被覆粒子を回収する回収手段、(b)この回収手段から微粒子高分散処理手段群に被覆粒子を搬送する被覆粒子搬送手段、(c)及び被覆後の被覆粒子を分級する被覆粒子分級手段を備えた手段である。被覆量が多い場合、被覆前の芯粒子粉体の粒子の粒度分布と被覆後の被覆粒子の粒度分布は変わってしまう。そこで、被覆後の被覆粒子の粒度分布を被覆粒子分級手段により調整し、再被覆処理を行えば効果的である。
この再被覆処理は、必要によって繰り返すことができ、そして被覆形成物質の被覆量を所望のものに設定することができる。更に、この被覆形成物質の種類を変えてこの被覆処理を繰り返すことができ、このようにして複数成分の物質を被覆形成物質として多重被覆することもできる。
【0095】
本発明で用いる被覆粒子の製造装置は、被覆形成物質が、気相を経る気相法によって、芯粒子粉体の粒子表面に被覆される被覆粒子の製造装置であれば制限はない。例えば、化学蒸着(CVD)装置としては、熱CVD装置、プラズマCVD装置、電磁波を利用したCVD(可視光線CVD、レーザCVD、紫外線CVD、赤外線CVD、遠赤外線CVD)装置、MOCVD装置等、或いは、物理蒸着(PVD)装置としては、真空蒸着装置、イオンスパッタリング装置、イオンプレーティング装置等が適用可能である。より具体的には、例えば、特開平3−75302号公報の超微粒子で表面が被覆された粒子およびその製造方法に記載の被覆粒子製造装置が好適である。
【0096】
以上述べた通り、本発明では高圧型窒化硼素である微粒子芯粒子粉体、又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を被覆空間に投入し気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体をこの芯粒子粉体の粒子に接触及び/又は衝突させてこの芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面を被覆形成物質で被覆する被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子が製造されるが、本発明の基本的な工程を要約すると次の通りである。
【0097】

(A) 微粒子高分散処理手段群により、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程
を設けた被覆法。
【0098】
II
(A) 体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体・気体混合物とする分散混工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程
を設けた被覆法。
【0099】
III
(A) 体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体・気体混合物とする分散混工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、被覆工程に直接搬送する搬送工程、
(C) この搬送工程で搬送した高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程
を設けた被覆法。
【0100】
IV
(A) 体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体・気体混合物とする分散混工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、搬送に不可避の、中空部材、中空を形成する部材からなる中間部材、及びパイプから選択される1種類又はそれ以上の部材を介して搬送する搬送工程、
(C) この搬送工程で搬送した高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程
を設けた被覆法。
【0101】

(A) 体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体・気体混合物とする分散混工程、
(B) この分散工程で分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、この分散性能で気中に分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の気中分散状態を維持する気中分散維持手段、この高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の気中分散状態を高める気中分散促進手段、芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物において低分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段の1種類又はそれ以上を介して搬送する搬送工程、
(C) この搬送工程で搬送した高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆空間の被覆開始領域において被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させて被覆を開始する被覆工程
を設けた被覆法。
【0102】
以上、I〜Vの全てにおいて、好適には、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する空間領域の内の、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子の全ての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置させるか、又は、
体積基準被覆分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する空間領域の内の、回収手段の回収部に回収する全てに粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置させるか、
又は、前記I及びIIにおいて、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、微粒子高分散処理手段群により分散させた高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βが70%以上を実現する微粒子高分散処理手段群により気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程の一部以上と前記被覆工程の一部以上とを、空間を一部以上共有して行うものである。
上記、被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子は、被覆された粒子の被覆形成物質を介して、接触状態で集合塊を形成する場合がある。この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子からなる粉体は、単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子と、この単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子が数個から数十個接触した集合塊、更に多数個の単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子が接触した集合塊から構成され、その形状及び大きさが不均一で不規則になる。この単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子からなる集合塊は、解砕及び/又は破砕してから成形又は焼結処理に供するのが好ましい。この被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子の集合塊の解砕及び/又は破砕には、種々の解砕手段、例えば、ボールミル、振動ボールミル、乳鉢、ジェットミル等が利用可能である。また、単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子と、この単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子の集合塊とを選択分離して、単一粒子状態の被覆された粒子のみを成形又は焼結処理に供してもよい。
本発明によれば、上記のようにして得られた被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子又は同粒子を含む混合物は2000MPa未満の圧力及び1850℃を越えない高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定でないが準安定な圧力・温度の焼結条件において焼結されて高圧型窒化硼素の焼結体とされる。
【0103】
また靭性強化等の他の機能を発言する物質を加える場合についてはこの物質が粉体状、板状又は粒子状のもので、より具体的には、周期律表第1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、6a、7a、1b、2b、3b、4b、8族の金属、半導体、半金属、希土類金属、及びその酸化物、窒化物、炭化物、酸窒化物、酸炭化物、炭窒化物、酸炭窒化物、硼化物、珪化物の内の選択された一種類以上のもの、例えばAl、B、Si、Fe、Ni、Co、Ti、Nb、V、Zr、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Cr、Cu、Mo、TiAl、Ti3Al、TiAl3、TiNi、NiAl、Ni3Al、SiC、B4C、Cr32、TiC、ZrC、WC、W2C、HfC、TaC、Ta2C、NbC、VC、Mo2C、Si34、TiN、ZrN、Si22O、AlN、HfN、VxN(x=1〜3)、NbN、TaN、Ta2N、TiB、TiB2、ZrB2、VB、V32、VB2、NbB、NbB2、TaB、TaB2、MoB、MoB2、MoB4、Mo2B、WB、W2B、W25、LaB6、BP、B132、MoSi2、Al23、ZrO2(Y23、MgO又はCaO安定剤を添加した部分安定化ジルコニア:PSZ、又は正方晶ジルコニア多結晶体:TZP)、MgAl24(スピネル)、Al2SiO5(ムライト)の少なくとも一種類からなる粉体及び/又は粒子等から選択されうる。
【0104】
更にこの物質が繊維状物質であっても良い。この被覆高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子に混合せしめる、繊維状物質は短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上である形状の、金属又は化合物の少なくとも一種類からなる物質で、短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上である形状の棒状物質及び/又は融解紡糸して繊維形状にした連続繊維である長繊維及び/又は結晶自体が繊維形状をとる自形繊維である短繊維及び/又は一方向に結晶成長させて繊維形状にしたウィスカー(wisker)からなる。このウィスカー(ヒゲ結晶)には、その形成においては、相変化や体積全体に及ぼす化学反応という現象は起こらないものと定義されている真性のウィスカー及び/又は相変化とか体積全体に及ぶ化学変化によって生成する結晶の一つの結晶面のみを成長させることにより、長い針状晶となった単結晶を指す広義のウィスカー及び/又は断面積が8×10-5 in2以下で、長さが平均直径の10倍以上の単結晶であるウィスカーがある。
【0105】
繊維状物質として、周期律表第1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、6a、7a、1b、2b、3b、4b、5b、6b、7b、8族の金属、半導体、半金属、希土類金属、非金属の内の一種類以上を含む化合物の少なくとも一種類を含む。短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上である形状の繊維状物質が用いられる。具体的には、周期律表第1a、2a、3a、4a、5a、6a、7a、1b、2b、3b、4b、8族の金属、半導体、半金属、希土類金属、及びその炭化物、酸化物、窒化物、酸炭化物、酸窒化物、炭窒化物、酸炭窒化物、硼化物、珪化物の少なくとも一種類からなる、短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上である形状の繊維状物質が使用される。好適には、例えば、Al、B、Si、Fe、Ni、Co、Ti、Nb、V、Zr、Hf、Ta、W、Re、Cr、Cu、Mo、TiAl、Ti3Al、TiAl3、TiNi、NiAl、Ni3Al、SiC、B4C、Cr32、TiC、ZrC、WC、W2C、HfC、TaC、Ta2C、NbC、VC、Mo2C、Si34、TiN、ZrN、Si22O、AlN、HfN、VxN(x=1〜3)、NbN、TaN、Ta2N、TiB、TiB2、ZrB2、VB、V32、VB2、NbB、NbB2、TaB、TaB2、MoB、MoB2、MoB4、Mo2B、WB、W2B、W25、LaB6、BP、B132、MoSi2、Al23、ZrO2(Y23、MgO又はCaO安定剤を添加した部分安定化ジルコニア:PSZ、又は正方晶ジルコニア多結晶体:TZP)、MgAl24(スピネル)、Al2SiO5(ムライト)の少なくとも一種類からなる、短径が500μm以下で、短径に対する長径との比が2以上の形状の繊維状物質が選択されうる。
【0106】
本発明で用いる被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子は、上記したように気相法によりその表面を被覆するので基本的に被覆形成物質に制限はない。被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を、用途に応じて任意に材料設計する上で必要に応じて、被覆を施す前に、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子表面に事前に、同種及び/又は異種の被覆形成物質を同種及び/又は異種の被覆方法により被覆を施してもよい。
例えば、高圧型窒化硼素粒子表面に、目的とする金属の炭化物からなる被覆を形成する場合、事前に炭素を被覆した被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子を使用すればよい。事前に物質を被覆する方法は、特に制限するものではないが、例えば、特開平2−252660号公報に記載の溶融塩浸漬法、特開平1−207380号公報に記載の溶融塩不均化反応法を始め、電気メッキ法、無電解メッキ法、クラッド法、物理蒸着法(スパッタリング法、イオンプレーティング法等)や化学蒸着法等が好適である。目的とする金属化合物の金属の種類は、本発明の結合材及び/又は焼結助剤として適用可能の範囲であれば特に制限されない。
【0107】
上記溶融塩を用いる浸漬法により形成される被覆膜は、高硬度高融点物質である。この溶融塩を用いる浸漬法により被覆膜を設けた、高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子のみでは、緻密に焼結することが困難であり、緻密に焼結可能とするには、この溶融塩を用いる浸漬法により形成された高硬度高融点物質の被覆膜で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子に、更に一層以上の、本発明の気相法による被覆法により、十分緻密で高硬度に焼結可能な結合材として適用可能な物質を適量被覆する必要がある。
【0108】
本発明によれば高圧型窒化硼素粒子表面に、気相法により、被覆形成物質を被覆させた被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子を単独で、又は被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子と、残部が前記粉体、板状物質、粒子等及び/又は前記繊維状物質を混合した混合物を、粉体状で、若しくは成形後焼結する。
特に高純度の高圧型窒化硼素、例えばPVD法或はCVD法による気相を介して合成される超高純度の立方晶窒化硼素、或は長時間かけて超高圧合成した超高純度の立方晶窒化硼素を用いれば、圧力を伝達可能なカプセルに脱気封入して超高圧HIP焼結又はHIP焼結を行うか或は真空若しくは不活性ガス中でPCによる焼結又はHP焼結を行うことにより、熱力学的に安定な状態ではなくとも、前記若槻らの報告の1200℃よりも遥かに高い1850℃まで立方晶窒化硼素が現実上安定に存在する。しかし、1850℃を越えると短時間でグラファイト型相に相転移する。また、従来公知の立方晶窒化硼素で積極的に不純物を除去した高純度の立方晶窒化硼素を用いれば、同様の焼結方法により、1700℃まで立方晶窒化硼素が存在する。或は、従来公知の立方晶窒化硼素で微粒子を含まない、好適には3μm以上の立方晶窒化硼素を用いれば、同様の焼結方法により、1600℃まで立方晶窒化硼素が存在する。若しくは、従来公知の比較的高純度の立方晶窒化硼素の場合は、同様の焼結方法により、1500℃まで立方晶窒化硼素が存在する。しかし、従来公知の一般的な立方晶窒化硼素やウルツ鉱型窒化硼素を含む場合は、1400℃までが好適である。
従って、焼結温度の上限は1850℃である。尚、前記の通り、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定な状態でなくて事実上安定に存在する温度は、使用する高圧型窒化硼素の品質により異なるので、高圧型窒化硼素原料の品質に応じた焼結温度を設定する必要がある。前記高圧型窒化硼素の原料の品質に応じた温度に近い焼結温度を設定する必要がある場合は、綿密にその焼結温度を制御する必要がある。
【0109】
本発明は、前記のように、2000MPa未満の比較的緩い超高圧力を作用可能のPC型超高圧力装置、又は超高圧HIP装置、或はHIP装置、若しくはHP装置を使用した被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造に関して、焼結温度の上限が1850℃であることと、この焼結温度範囲で、前記結合材の適用条件を明らかにし、且つ、高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定な状態となるための圧力を作用させることを必要としていないということを明示するものである。
従って、PC型超高圧力装置を使用する場合は、圧力は2000MPa未満を適用しても差し支えないが、このPC型超高圧力装置の耐久性を考慮すると1500MPaを越えないことが好ましい。圧力発生に関する従来公知の技術としては、超高圧HIP装置の場合1000MPaまでHIP圧力を作用可能であり、この超高圧HIP装置を除くHIP装置及びHP装置の場合は、200MPaまでそれぞれ作動可能である。
【0110】
以上の方法により焼結させた被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体は、高度に微組織が制御された高性能な焼結体である。用途として最も一般的な機械部材用に、被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体でそのビッカース硬度が好適には600以上の高硬度で、その密度が85%以上の緻密な被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体が製造出来る。好適には、被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体でそのビッカース硬度が好適には800以上の高硬度で、及び/又はその密度が90%以上の緻密な被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体が製造出来る。より好ましくは、例えば、耐摩耗性の高い機械部材への適用を考慮すると、相対的に高圧型窒化硼素の含有量を増し、且つ緻密に焼結することにより、ビッカース硬度は1000以上の高硬度の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体が製造出来る。より一層耐摩耗性を要求される工具用等には、更に高圧型窒化硼素の含有量を増し、且つ緻密に焼結することにより、ビッカース硬度2000以上の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体が製造出来る。
【0111】
【実施例】
以下、本発明の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体及びその製造法を実施例により説明する。
実施例1
高圧型窒化硼素粉体粒子として、平均粒子径Dが1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔D/2,3D/2〕,≧90%)の立方晶窒化硼素粒子をアルミニウム金属の酸化物であるアルミナを被覆した。
使用した装置は、図7及びその部分拡大図である図8に示したものであり、図6(a)に示した構成の具体例である。
本例の装置は、プラズマトーチ3−A、プラズマ室3−a、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室の冷却槽3−B、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室3−b、狭義の被覆室冷却槽3−C、狭義の被覆室3−c、被覆粒子冷却室の冷却槽3−D、被覆粒子冷却室3−d、被覆形成物質の原料の供給側に、供給装置3−E1、芯粒子粉体の供給側に、撹拌式分散機3−F1とエジェクター式分散機3−H1、細管分散機107及び被覆粒子回収部3−Gより成る。供給装置3−E1は被覆形成物質の原料粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機112に、撹拌式分散機3−F1は芯粒子粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機111にそれぞれ結合される。本例における被覆室は、定義ではプラズマ室3−a、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室3−b、狭義の被覆室3−c、被覆粒子冷却室3−dから構成されており、ここではこれらを広義の被覆室と称する。この広義の被覆室の内、主に被覆処理の行われる室3−cを狭義の被覆室と称する。
【0112】
本例における微粒子高分散処理手段群αは、供給槽を備えた供給機111、撹拌式分散機3−F1とエジェクター式分散機3−H1及び内径4mmのステンレス製細管分散機107で構成されており、図3(a)に示したものであり、図4(b)に示した構成に属する微粒子高分散処理手段群の具体例である。微粒子高分散処理手段群は、D=1μmの(〔D/5,5D〕,≧90%)の高圧型窒化硼素粒子の芯粒子粉体に対して出力時β≧70%を実現できるように構成されている。微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理手段である細管107は被覆室3−cに直結してあり、被覆空間の3−L2の被覆開始領域3−L1においてβ≧70%を実現できるように構成されている。
【0113】
プラズマトーチ3−Aの上部に設けられたガス噴出口101に供給源102からアルゴンガスを20リットル/分の割合で供給する。このアルゴンガスは印加された高周波によってプラズマ化され、プラズマトーチ3−A内プラズマ室3−aでプラズマ焔を形成する。
被覆形成物質の原料の供給槽を備えた供給機112から供給した被覆形成物質の原料である平均粒子径2μmのアルミナ粉末は、5リットル/分のキャリアガス103に担持されて、プラズマトーチ3−Aの下部に設けられた被覆形成物質の原料の投入口104から、プラズマ焔中に1.5g/分の割合で導入され、プラズマ焔の熱により蒸発して気相を経て、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室3−bで被覆形成物質前駆体となる。
芯粒子粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機111から0.3g/分で供給される平均粒子径1μmの立方晶窒化硼素の芯粒子を、撹拌式分散機3−F1により分散させ、5リットル/分の割合で供給されるキャリアガス105により担持され、10リットル/分の流量の分散ガス106によるエジェクター式分散機3−H1及び細管分散機107により分散度β=82%の分散状態に分散させ、被覆室に導入する。
【0114】
高分散状態の立方晶窒化硼素粒子は、被覆空間の3−L2の被覆開始領域3−L1において被覆形成物質前駆体とβ=82%の分散状態で接触及び/又は衝突し始める。
このようにして生成した、被覆形成物質で表面に被覆が施された被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子は、気体と共に被覆粒子冷却室3−dを降下し、被覆粒子回収部3−Gに至る。この被覆粒子からなる製品は、フィルター110により気体と分離し、集められ取り出される。このようにして立方晶窒化硼素粒子に体積で70%のアルミナが被覆された被覆粒子が得られた。
得られた被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子である、アルミナで表面に被覆を施した立方晶窒化硼素微粒子を走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、図9に示す通り個々の粒子は、いずれも、一様に0.005μm程度のアルミナが超微粒子状に被覆したものであった。
この被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子を、直径16mm、厚さ5mmの円盤状に型押し成形し、この成形体を、h−BN粉体を充填したパイレックスガラス製のカプセルに配置し、10-6torr,400℃、12時間脱気後封入した。
このカプセルを、アルゴンガスを圧力媒体とするHIP装置に配置し、焼結温度1200℃、焼結圧力150MPaで3時間保持して焼結した。しかる後、炉冷し、圧力を開放して、焼結体を取り出した。
【0115】
粉末X線回折により実施例1の焼結体の結晶相を調べたところ、立方晶窒化硼素及びα型アルミナ以外の回折ピークは認められなかった。
焼結体は、下記の表1に示すように、密度が97.1%で大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、Hv(0.5/10)2960と大変高硬度であった。
比較例としてこの実施例1で用いたものと同種で未被覆の立方晶窒化硼素粒子と、体積で70%のアルミナ微粒子を混合し、この実施例1と同一の条件で焼結して得た焼結体は、密度が94%でビッカース微小硬度はHv(0.5/10)2300であった。
得られた焼結体の表面をダイヤモンドペーストで研磨し、研磨面に観察のための通常の金蒸着を施した研摩面の電子顕微鏡写真(×5000)を図10に示す。図中、暗部は立方晶窒化硼素であり、明部は結合材のアルミナである。
この図から未焼結部や気孔、欠陥等は全くなく、立方晶窒化硼素粒子の周りに結合材のアルミナが均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織からなることが分かる。
これを上記の比較例の立方晶窒化硼素焼結体の研磨面に、観察のための通常の金蒸着を施したその研摩面の電子顕微鏡写真(×5000)(図11)と比べると、その違いが明確に分かる。即ち、比較例の立方晶窒化硼素焼結体においては、結合材や焼結助剤の分布が不規則的で、その結合材や焼結助剤が塊状になっているところがあり、またその反面、焼結助剤や結合材の欠乏しているところも少なからず存在し、そこに未焼結な部分が見受けられる。
【0116】
実施例2
平均粒子径Dが1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔D/2,3D/2〕,≧90%)の立方晶窒化硼素粒子をアルミナで被覆した。
使用した装置は、図12及びその部分拡大図である13に示したものであり、図6(d)に示した構成の具体例である。本例の被覆形成物質前駆体を生成する装置の構成は実施例1と同一である。微粒子高分散処理手段群αは、供給槽を備えた供給機214、撹拌式分散機5−F1、細管分散機211及び衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2で構成されており、図3(a)に示したものであり、図4(b)に示した構成に属する微粒子高分散処理手段群の具体例である。細管分散機211は、内径4mmのステンレス製である。微粒子高分散処理手段群αの最終分散手段である衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2は、SiC製の衝突板213がステンレス製のホルダー212により設置された構成である。この衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2は狭義の被覆室5−cの中に設けられており、微粒子高分散処理手段群αと狭義の被覆室5−cは共有の空間を有している。また、被覆空間5−L1及び被覆空間の被覆開始領域5−L2は、狭義の被覆室5−c内に設けてある。本装置の微粒子高分散処理手段群は、平均粒子径Dが1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔D/5,5D〕,≧90%)の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、最終の分散処理である衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2の衝突板213を衝突直後、分散度β≧70%に分散できる。したがって、分散度β≧70%の状態で被覆が開始される。
【0117】
プラズマトーチ5−Aの上部に設けられたガス噴出口201に供給源202から20リットル/分のアルゴンガスを供給する。このアルゴンガスは印加された高周波によってプラズマ化され、プラズマトーチ5−A内プラズマ室5−aでプラズマ焔を形成する。
被覆形成物質の原料の供給槽を備えた供給機215から1.0g/分で供給した被覆形成物質の原料である平均粒子径2μmのアルミナの粉末は、5リットル/分のキャリアガス203に担持されて、プラズマトーチ5−Aの下部に設けられた被覆形成物質の原料の投入口204から、プラズマ焔中に導入され、プラズマ焔の熱により蒸発して気相を経て、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室5−bで被覆形成物質前駆体となる。
芯粒子粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機214から0.7g/分で供給される立方晶窒化硼素の芯粒子は、撹拌式分散機5−F1により分散せしめ、20リットル/分の割合で供給されるキャリアガス205により担持され、細管分散機211を経て、被覆室中に設けた衝突板を利用した分散機5−H2によって、分散度β=82%に気中に分散させる。
【0118】
高分散状態の立方晶窒化硼素の芯粒子は、被覆空間5−L2の被覆開始領域5−L1において被覆形成物質前駆体とβ=82%の分散状態で接触及び/又は衝突し始める。
このようにして生成した、被覆形成物質で表面に被覆が施された被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子は、気体と共に被覆粒子冷却室5−dを降下し、被覆粒子回収部5−Gに至る。この被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子からなる製品は、フィルター210により気体と分離し、集められ取り出される。このようにして立方晶窒化硼素粒子に体積で50%のアルミナが被覆された被覆粒子が得られた。
得られた被覆粒子である、アルミナで表面を被覆した立方晶窒化硼素微粒子を、走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、個々の粒子は、いずれも、一様に0.005μm程度のアルミナが超微粒子状に被覆したものであった。
このようにして得たアルミナを体積で50%被覆を施した被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子を直径8mm、厚さ5mmに型押し成形し、これを、実施例1と略同様のパイレックスガラス製のカプセルに配置し、加熱脱気後、封入した。
その後、超高圧HIP装置を使用して、焼結温度1200℃、焼結圧力1000MPaで3時間保持して焼結した。
粉末X線回折により実施例2の焼結体の結晶相を調べたところ、立方晶窒化硼素及びα型アルミナ以外の回折ピークは認められなかった。
焼結体は、表1に示すように、密度が95.8%で大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、Hv(0.5/10)3750と大変高硬度であった。
また、実施例1と同様、立方晶窒化硼素の周りをアルミナが均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織の焼結体が得られた。
【0119】
実施例3
平均粒子径が1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/2,3DM/2〕,≧90%)の立方晶窒化硼素粒子をアルミナで被覆した。
使用した装置は、図14及びその部分拡大図である図15に示したものであり、図6(b)に示した構成の具体例である。本例の被覆形成物質前駆体を生成する装置の構成は実施例1と同一である。微粒子高分散処理手段群αは、供給槽を備えた供給機313、分散手段である撹拌式分散機6−F1、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段であるサイクロン6−Iで構成されており、図3(b)に示したものであり、図4(d)に示した構成の具体例である。サイクロン6−Iの高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物の放出部は、搬送に不可避のパイプ307で狭義の被覆室6−cへ接続してあり、低分散芯粒子粉体部分の放出部は、ホッパー6−J、ロータリーバルブ6−Kを介して搬送管310で撹拌式分散機6−F1へ接続してある。本装置の微粒子高分散処理手段群によれば、体積基準の粒度分布として、平均粒子径DMが1μmで、体積基準頻度分布が(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)の芯粒子粉体の粒子を、最終の処理手段であるサイクロン6−Iの高分散芯粒子粉体流の放出部で、分散度β≧75%に分散できる。狭義の被覆室6−cに図14及び図15のごとく被覆空間6−L2及び被覆空間の被覆開始領域6−L1が設けてある。6−Cと6−Dを結合するフランジ部の制約による搬送に不可避のパイプ307による分散度βの低下は少なくとどめられる。したがって、被覆開始領域において、分散度β≧70%で被覆が開始される。
【0120】
プラズマトーチ6−Aの上部に設けられたガス噴出口301に供給源302からアルゴンガスを20リットル/分で供給する。このアルゴンガスは印加された高周波によってプラズマ化され、プラズマトーチ6−A内プラズマ室6−aでプラズマ焔を形成する。
被覆形成物質の原料の供給槽を備えた供給機314から2.1g/分で供給した被覆形成物質の原料であるアルミナ粉末は、5リットル/分のキャリアガス303に担持されて、プラズマトーチ6−Aの下部に設けられた被覆形成物質の原料の投入口304から、プラズマ焔中に導入され、プラズマ焔の熱により蒸発して気相を経て、被覆形成物質前駆体生成室6−bで被覆形成物質前駆体となる。
芯粒子粉体の供給槽を備えた供給機313から1.5g/分で供給される立方晶窒化硼素の芯粒子は、撹拌式分散機6−F1により分散させ、15リットル/分のキャリアガス305により担持されパイプ306を介してサイクロン6−Iに搬送される。サイクロン6−Iは、微粉側の最大粒子径が1.5μmとなるように調節されており、主に単一粒子からなるβ=85%の分散状態の高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を、搬送に不可避のパイプ307を介し放出口308から狭義の被覆室6−cに放出させる。一方、サイクロン6−Iにより選択分離した低分散芯粒子粉体部分は、ホッパー6−J、ロータリーバルブ6−Kを経て、10リットル/分のキャリアガス309によりパイプ310中を搬送され、撹拌式分散機6−F1へフィードバックする。
【0121】
高分散状態の立方晶窒化硼素の芯粒子は、被覆空間6−L2の被覆開始領域6−L1において被覆形成物質前駆体とβ=82%の分散状態で接触及び/又は衝突し始める。
このようにして生成した、被覆形成物質で表面に被覆を施された被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子は、気体と共に被覆粒子冷却室6−dを降下し、被覆粒子回収部6−Gに至る。この被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子からなる製品は、フィルター312により気体と分離し、集められ取り出される。このようにして立方晶窒化硼素粒子に体積で50%のアルミナで被覆を施された被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子が得られた。
得られた被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子である、アルミナで表面を被覆した立方晶窒化硼素微粒子を、走査型電子顕微鏡で観察したところ、個々の粒子は、いずれも、一様に0.005μm程度のアルミナが超微粒子状に被覆したものであった。
得られたアルミナを体積で50%被覆した被覆立方晶窒化硼素粉体粒子を直径10mm、厚さ8mmに型押し成形し、外側にh−BN成形体を配置したパイロフィライト圧力媒体に埋め込み、これをピストン・シリンダー(PC)型超高圧力装置にセットし、焼結温度1200℃、焼結圧力1500MPaで3時間保持し、焼結した。しかる後に、降温、降圧して焼結体を取り出した。
粉末X線回折により焼結体に、立方晶窒化硼素及びα型アルミナ以外の回折ピークは認められなかった。
焼結体は、表1に示すように、密度が98.3%で大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、Hv(0.5/10)3930と大変高硬度であった。
また、実施例1と同様、立方晶窒化硼素の周りをアルミナが均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織の焼結体が得られた。
【0122】
実施例4〜実施例5
実施例1の装置により、実施例1と略同様の条件で被覆を行って得た、アルミナを体積で50%〜40%の被覆を施した被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子を直径10mm、厚さ8mmに型押し成形し、外側にh−BN成形体を配置したパイロフィライト圧力媒体に埋め込み、これをピストン・シリンダー(PC)型超高圧力装置にセットし、焼結温度1200℃〜1300℃、焼結圧力1500MPaで3時間〜6時間保持し、焼結した。しかる後に、降温、降圧して焼結体を取り出した。
粉末X線回折によりいずれの焼結体も、立方晶窒化硼素及びα型アルミナ以外の回折ピークは認められなかった。
焼結体は、表1に示すように、いずれも密度が98.2%〜98.8%で大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、Hv(0.5/10)3970〜4700と大変高硬度であった。
また、実施例1と同様、立方晶窒化硼素粒子の周りをアルミナが均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織の焼結体が得られた。
【0123】
実施例6〜実施例7
KCl、BaCl2、及びNaFからなる無機塩類に、TiO2及びフェロアロイ(Fe−Ti)を添加して浸漬浴とする溶融塩を用いる浸漬法(不均化反応法)により、立方晶窒化硼素粒子(粒径0〜2μm)を、900℃、1時間浸漬被覆し、この立方晶窒化硼素粒子表面に、窒化チタン(TiN)・二硼化チタン(TiB2)を、内部添加による添加量が、体積で5%を被覆した。更にこの表面に、実施例1の装置により、実施例1と略同様の条件で被覆を行い、アルミナを体積で45%〜35%の被覆を施して被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子を得た。焼結条件を1500MPa、1300℃で3時間〜6時間とし、実施例3〜実施例5と同様に焼結した。
粉末X線回折により実施例6〜実施例7の焼結体の結晶相を調べたところ、立方晶窒化硼素、窒化チタン、二硼化チタン及びα型アルミナが認められ、それ以外の回折ピークは検出されなかった。尚、実施例6、実施例7の何れも硬度測定用の研磨面作製に当り研磨面が形成され難く、耐摩耗性が高かった。実施例6、実施例7の何れも浸漬被覆による窒化チタン・二硼化チタン被覆膜の形成により、耐摩耗性が高くなったものと考えられる。
焼結体は、表1に示すように、密度が98.5%〜99.0%で大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、Hv(0.5/10)4030〜4780と大変高硬度であった。
また、実施例1と同様、立方晶窒化硼素の周りを窒化チタン、二硼化チタン及びα型アルミナからなる結合材が均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織の焼結体が得られた。
【0124】
実施例8
実施例1の装置により、実施例1と略同様の条件で被覆を行い、PSZを体積で40%で被覆を施した被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子を得た。その後、実施例7と同様に焼結した。
粉末X線回折により、焼結体の結晶相を調べたところ、立方晶窒化硼素と、PSZを構成する単斜晶酸化ジルコニウム及び正方晶酸化ジルコニウムの回折ピークが認められたのみで、その外の回折ピークが認められなかった。
焼結体は、表1に示すように、密度が、99.8%で、大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、Hv(0.5/10)2300と大変高硬度であった。
また、実施例1と同様、立方晶窒化硼素粒子の周りを結合材のPSZが均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織の焼結体が得られた。
【0125】
実施例9
実施例6〜実施例7と同様に、溶融塩を用いる浸漬法により窒化チタン(TiN)・二硼化チタン(TiB)を内部添加による添加量が体積で5%を浸漬した被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粉体粒子(粒径0〜2μm)の表面に、実施例1の装置により、実施例8と略同様の条件で被覆を行い、PSZを体積で45%を被覆を施した被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子を得た。焼結条件を1500MPa、1300℃で3時間とし実施例8と同様に焼結した。
粉末X線回折により、焼結体の結晶相を調べたところ、立方晶窒化硼素、窒化チタン、二硼化チタン、PSZを構成する単斜晶酸化ジルコニウム及び正方晶酸化ジルコニウムの回折ピークが認められ、これ以外の回折ピークは認められなかった。
焼結体は、表1に示すように、密度が、99.8%で、大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、Hv(0.5/10)2100と大変高硬度であった。
また、実施例1と同様、立方晶窒化硼素の周りを窒化チタン、二硼化チタン及びPSZからなる結合材が均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織の焼結体が得られた。
【0126】
実施例10〜実施例11
実施例1及び実施例2と同様にアルミナを被覆して得られたアルミナの被覆量が体積で50%〜70%の被覆を施された立方晶窒化硼素粒子と、SiCウィスカーの混合比を体積で90:10とし、アルミナ製ボールミルを用い、アセトン中、湿式で2時間混合した。その後、10-6torr,200℃で当該混合物を真空乾燥した。
次いで、実施例1及び実施例2の製造法と同様にカプセルに封入し、その後、HIP装置及び超高圧HIP装置を使用して、焼結温度1200℃、焼結圧力150MPa〜1000MPaで3時間焼結した。
X線回折により実施例10〜実施例11の焼結体の結晶相を調べたところ、立方晶窒化硼素、α型アルミナ及び炭化珪素以外の回折ピークは認められなかった。
焼結体は、表1に示すように、密度が95.0%〜96.0%で大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、いずれもHv(0.5/10)2780〜3560と大変高硬度であった。
また、SiCウィスカーが被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子の周りを均一に分散し、更に結合材のアルミナが立方晶窒化硼素粒子の周りに均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織の焼結体が得られた。
【0127】
実施例12
実施例1の装置により実施例1と略同様の条件で被覆を行い、アルミナを体積で53%被覆を施した被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子を得た。また、SiCウィスカーの表面に、炭化チタン(TiC)をターゲットとして用い、スパッタリング法により、内部添加による添加量が体積で33%の量で被覆した。両者の混合比を体積で、85:15とし、実施例10〜実施例11と同様に混合し、乾燥した。次いで、実施例9と同様に焼結した。
粉末X線回折により、焼結体の結晶相を調べたところ、立方晶窒化硼素、α型アルミナ、炭化珪素及び炭化チタン以外の回折ピークは認められなかった。
焼結体は、表1に示すように、密度が、98.7%で、大変緻密であり、しかもビッカース微小硬度は、Hv(0.5/10)3400と大変高硬度であった。
焼結体は、TiCを被覆したSiCウィスカーが被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子の周りを均一に分散し、更に結合材のアルミナが立方晶窒化硼素粒子の周りに均一に分布した高度に制御された微組織の焼結体が得られた。
【0128】
【表1】
Figure 0003948632
【0129】
【発明の効果】
本発明によれば、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の高圧型窒化硼素の微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体を気中に分散させ、この分散した芯粒子粉体の粒子を分散度βが70%以上である分散状態で被覆形成物質前駆体と接触又は衝突させることによって、単一粒子状態でその表面を被覆形成物質で被覆を施した被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子又は同粒子を含む混合物を、2000MPa未満の超高圧力及び1850℃を越えない高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定な圧力、温度の焼結条件で焼結することにより、均一で、緻密で、且つ強固に焼結された、高度に制御された微組織を有する高性能な被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体が得られるので、2000MPa以上の超高圧力を発生するための超高圧発生装置を使用する制約上の欠点が解消される。特に、超高圧HIP装置或は超高圧HIP装置を除くHIP装置を使用する場合は、更に複雑形状の焼結体の製造も可能であるなど、工業生産上のメリットが頗る大きい。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図1】高圧型窒化硼素の安定な領域を示す圧力・温度線図である。
【図2】粉体粒子の分布図であり、(a)は分散度βを表わし、(b)は粒径D1〜D2の範囲の粒子が体積で90%を占める粉体の粒径対体積基準頻度を表わす。
【図3】 (a)〜(c)は微粒子高分散処理手段群の基本構成を示すブロック図。
【図4】 (a)〜(g)は微粒子高分散処理手段群の構成をより詳細に説明するブロック図。
【図5】 (a)〜(e)は芯粒子粉体に被覆が開始される態様を示す図。
【図6】 (a)〜(g)は被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子を製造するための装置の構成を説明するブロック図。
【図7】実施例1で用いる装置を示す図。
【図8】実施例1で用いる装置の部分を拡大図。
【図9】実施例1で得られた被覆された立方晶窒化硼素粒子の走査型電子顕微鏡写真。
【図10】実施例1の焼結体の研摩面の電子顕微鏡写真。
【図11】市販の立方晶窒化硼素焼結体工具の研摩面の電子顕微鏡写真。
【図12】実施例2で用いる装置を示す図。
【図13】実施例2で用いる装置の部分拡大図。
【図14】実施例3で用いる装置を示す図。
【図15】実施例3で用いる装置の部分拡大図。[0001]
[Industrial application fields]
The present invention is a uniform, dense and high-hardness highly controlled microstructure containing particles of core particle powder consisting of fine particles of high-pressure boron nitride or core particle powder consisting mainly of the same fine particles. The present invention relates to a high-performance coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body and a method for producing the same.
[0002]
[Prior art]
The high-pressure type boron nitride is composed of cubic boron nitride and / or wurtzite type boron nitride.
Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) is based on strong covalent bonding and has many very excellent properties. However, due to its covalent bonding, the self-diffusion coefficient is extremely small, which makes it extremely It is difficult to sinter, and cubic boron nitride is thermodynamically stable only at an ultrahigh pressure, and when the pressure is insufficient at a high temperature, hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) of a graphite type phase. ) Phase transfer.
Therefore, the high-pressure boron nitride sintered body containing high-pressure boron nitride prevents the phase transition of the high-pressure boron nitride to the graphite-type phase (h-BN), and the high-pressure boron nitride sintered body is made dense. In order to sinter, high-pressure boron nitride was produced at ultrahigh pressures and temperatures exceeding 2000 MPa, which is thermodynamically stable. For example, cubic boron nitride described in JP-A-63-35456 is sintered at 4000 MPa (40 kb) and 1200 ° C. or higher. This sintering condition is extremely severe as an extreme state, and could not be generated unless an ultrahigh pressure apparatus such as a girdle type or a belt type was used.
For this reason, high-pressure boron nitride sintered bodies containing high-pressure boron nitride are mass-produced due to restrictions on using girdle-type or belt-type ultra-high pressure devices that generate ultra-high pressure exceeding 2000 MPa. It was difficult, the manufacturing cost was high, and large-sized products could not be manufactured.
[0003]
However, for example, cubic boron nitride is a phase transition when Wakatsuki et al. Conducted an experiment under ultra-high pressure when the cubic boron nitride was not thermodynamically stable but thermodynamically metastable. The time required for this is extremely stable, and it has been reported with the line (2) in Fig. 1 as the upper limit for its existence (Wakatsuki, Ichise, Aoki, Maeda, 14th) Abstracts of High Pressure Discussion Meeting (1972) P78). Therefore, according to this, even under conditions of low pressure and high temperature that are not stable with respect to the thermodynamic equilibrium line (1) in FIG. 1, the temperature does not exceed the line (2) in FIG. For example, cubic boron nitride exists virtually stably.
Based on this fact, if a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body containing high-pressure boron nitride containing at least cubic boron nitride can be manufactured under these conditions, a relatively loose ultra-high pressure of less than 2000 MPa is generated. Possible ultra-high pressure devices, such as piston / cylinder (PC) type ultra-high pressure devices, or known high-pressure HIP devices capable of pressurizing up to 1000 MPa, or hot hydrostatic pressure excluding ultra-high pressure HIP devices It becomes possible to manufacture using a pressure (HIP: Hot Isostatic Press) apparatus or a hot press (HP: Hot Press) apparatus.
Thus, unlike the case of an ultrahigh pressure apparatus that generates an ultrahigh pressure exceeding 2000 MPa, such as the girdle type or the belt type, mass production is easy and a large-sized sintered body can be manufactured.
[0004]
In recent years, an ultra-high pressure device capable of acting on such a relatively loose ultra-high pressure of less than 2000 MPa, such as a piston / cylinder (PC) type ultra-high pressure device, or an ultra-high pressure HIP device capable of pressurizing up to 1000 MPa, or Is made up of fine particles of high pressure boron nitride using a hot isostatic press (HIP) device or a hot press (HP) device, excluding this ultra-high pressure HIP device. There is a strong demand for mass production of high-density, high-performance, high-pressure boron nitride sintered bodies containing a large amount and production of large-sized products.
However, it is not easy to effectively densify a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body containing a relatively large amount of high-pressure boron nitride under such a limited pressure.
[0005]
That is, when the high-pressure boron nitride sintered body is sintered, the binder added in the form of the raw material powder of the binder is deformed or moved to fill the gaps between the high-pressure boron nitride particles. Only after effective pressure is applied to the elimination and elimination of voids and pores surrounded by boron nitride particles. For this purpose, the binder and / or the raw material powder of the binder that reacts with the high-pressure boron nitride to form the binder must be in contact with and around the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles.
In particular, the pressure is less than 2000 MPa, and the high-pressure boron nitride is not thermodynamically stable. However, under the sintering conditions of metastable pressure and temperature, the high-pressure boron nitride can hardly expect direct bonding. The high-pressure boron nitride particle portion in which the raw material powder of the binder does not exist in the obtained high-pressure boron nitride sintered body becomes unsintered. In this case, the performance of the high-pressure boron nitride sintered body is significantly reduced. As a result, the advantage that the mass production is easy and a large-sized sintered body can be produced is meaningless, so that it reacts with the binder and / or boron nitride around the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles. Thus, there must be a substance that becomes a binder.
[0006]
In other words, the binding material and / or the substance that reacts with the high-pressure type boron nitride to be in contact with the surroundings of the high-pressure type boron nitride made of fine particles exists, so that a relatively loose ultrahigh pressure of less than 2000 MPa acts. Possible ultra-high pressure devices such as piston / cylinder (PC) type ultra-high pressure devices, or ultra-high pressure HIP devices capable of pressurization up to 1000 MPa, or hot isostatic pressing (HIP) Mass production and large-scale production of high-performance, high-pressure boron nitride sintered compacts that contain fine high-pressure boron nitride and contain relatively high amounts of high-pressure boron nitride using Hot Isostatic Press (HP) equipment Shaped products can be manufactured for the first time.
For this purpose, coated high-pressure boron nitride particles in which high-pressure boron nitride powder particles made of fine particles are coated with a coating-forming substance are indispensable, and a coating method for producing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles Is an important technology.
[0007]
There are various methods for coating the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles with a coating forming material, such as a vapor phase method and a wet plating method. Among them, the vapor phase method is, in principle, (1) controlled atmosphere. Easy, (2) Basically, there is no limitation on the selection of substances as binders and / or sintering aids, and simple metal substances such as active metals, nitrides, carbides, borides, oxides, etc. , Can coat various kinds of substances, (3) can coat the target substance with high purity as a binder and / or sintering aid, and (4) a substance that becomes a binder and / or a sintering aid. There are significant advantages that cannot be achieved by other coating methods, such as the amount of coating can be arbitrarily controlled.
However, the coating of the substance serving as a binder and / or the substance serving as a sintering aid on the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles by the vapor phase method is performed when the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles are fine particles or mainly fine particles. In the case of particles composed of the above, it was impossible to coat the individual high-pressure boron nitride powder particles for the following reason.
[0008]
That is, when the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles to be coated are fine particles, the core particle powder particles to be coated or the core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles are powder particles. Because of its strong adhesion, the cohesiveness is high, and most single particles form aggregates. Since this agglomerate cannot be broken and broken unless a special action exceeding its agglomeration force is applied, even if the agglomerate is coated as it is, a binding material and / or a sintering aid on the surface of each individual particle are used. Coating with an agent is impossible, and as a result, a coated aggregate is formed in which the surface of the aggregate is coated with a binder and / or a sintering aid.
As a result, the individual high-pressure boron nitride particles forming the aggregates are not covered with the particles located inside the aggregates, although the particles on the surface of the aggregates have a large coating amount, but the coating is uneven. There was a problem.
[0009]
In order to solve the above problem, when the high-pressure boron nitride core particle powder particles to be coated are fine particles, the core particle powder particles to be coated or the individual core particle powders mainly composed of the fine particles There have already been attempts to disperse and coat the particles for the purpose of coating the particles.
For example, according to the apparatus and method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 58-31076, core powder particles are placed in a container installed in a PVD apparatus, and the container is vibrated by an electromagnetic method. Then, the core particles in the container are coated by the PVD method while rolling. Further, according to the apparatus disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 61-30663, the core powder particles are put into a container installed in the PVD apparatus, and the container is vibrated by a mechanical method. The core particles in the container are covered by the PVD method while rolling. However, in the apparatus or method for coating while rolling the particles of the core particle powder by the vibration of these containers, the particles of the core particle powder or the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are actually used. Since it is not possible to apply an action that exceeds the agglomeration force required to break up an aggregate of certain high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, this agglomerate cannot be destroyed, and rather a granulation function is activated before it is introduced into the container. Only more or larger aggregates were formed.
[0010]
In the apparatus and method disclosed in JP-A-3-153864, particles are placed in a rotating container having a barrier and / or irregularities on the inner surface, and the core particle surface is coated by vapor deposition while rotating the rotating container. In such an apparatus or method, high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, which are fine core particle powder particles or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles, are used. Since the action exceeding the cohesive force required to break up the aggregates of the above can not be applied, the aggregates cannot be broken, but only more or larger aggregates are formed.
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-141375, a powder placed in a reaction gas atmosphere is suspended by the flow of reaction gas and the action of gravity, and the powder is formed by a precipitate generated by a chemical reaction of the reaction gas. An apparatus for coating the surface of the is disclosed. Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2-43377 discloses a method of performing coating by performing a thermochemical reaction process while fluidizing fine particles under reduced pressure. In the apparatus or method using the fluidized bed by these air currents, each of the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, which are the particles of the fine particle core particle powder or the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles, is fluidized. However, the agglomerates of the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles could not be broken.
[0011]
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 54-153789 discloses an apparatus for covering a metal by dropping a powder material in a vacuum vessel in which a metal vapor is generated. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 60-47004 discloses a method in which a monomer gas and powder particles are introduced into a high-frequency plasma region in a vacuum chamber and an organic coating film is formed by plasma polymerization. As in these apparatuses or methods, the aggregates of the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, which are the particles of the fine particle core particle powder or the core particle powder mainly composed of the fine particles, cannot be broken by simply introducing them.
Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 64-80437 discloses a method of breaking and fluidizing an agglomerate of core particle powder with a low-frequency and high-frequency synthesized sound wave. However, in this method of applying vibration to the fluidized bed, agglomerates of high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, which are fine particle core particle powder particles or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles, cannot be destroyed.
[0012]
In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Sho 62-250172, as a pretreatment, the powder that has been jet milled is retained in a reduced pressure heat treatment chamber, subjected to heat treatment, and then spontaneously dropped into a sputtering chamber by a powder feeder. An apparatus and a method for introducing and covering a target by allowing it to fall naturally into a cylindrical sputtering chamber provided vertically are disclosed. In JP-A-2-153068, a powder that has been jet milled as a pretreatment is retained in a reduced pressure heat treatment chamber. After the heat treatment is performed, a sputtering source in the sputtering chamber is stored in a powder feeder. An apparatus and method are disclosed in which powder is introduced into a rotating container and sputtering is performed while the container is rotated. In these apparatuses, the powder is temporarily dispersed only at that time by the jet mill treatment, but this powder is retained in the heating step before coating. Even if it is temporarily dispersed in the primary particle state, it re-aggregates due to the retention of the powder in the heating step, and eventually remains agglomerated when introduced into the coating step.
[0013]
As described above, in all of the above, there is a problem as an apparatus or a method for coating high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, which are fine particle core particle powder particles or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles. No solution has been made, and therefore, each high-pressure boron nitride powder particle is uniformly coated by a vapor phase coating method using a substance serving as a binder and / or a substance serving as a sintering aid as a coating-forming substance. The coated high-pressure boron nitride powder particles could not be produced. For this reason, it has been impossible to mass-produce high-performance high-pressure boron nitride sintered bodies that are made of the fine particles and contain a relatively large amount of high-pressure boron nitride and to manufacture large-sized products.
[0014]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
Therefore, in reality, the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles to be coated are particles of a fine particle core particle powder or a core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles, for example, particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less. High-pressure boron nitride is coated with high-pressure boron nitride powder particles coated with high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, each of which is made up of a single particle unit, a binder material and / or a sintering aid material. Realization of a high-performance high-pressure boron nitride sintered body containing a relatively large amount of high-pressure boron nitride particles consisting of fine particles obtained by sintering at a metastable pressure and temperature, and a method for producing the same, is strongly demanded. It has been.
The present invention relates to a substance and / or a sintering aid as a binder in a single particle unit to fine-particle core particle powder particles or high-pressure boron nitride powder particles which are core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles. Uniform, comprising sintering the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with the material to be a coating-forming material or a mixture containing the particles at a pressure of less than 2000 MPa and a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C., Provided is a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body containing a relatively high amount of high-pressure boron nitride particles composed of high-performance fine particles that are dense and strongly sintered and whose microstructure is highly controlled, and a method for producing the same. For the purpose.
[0015]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
Although the pressure is less than 2000 MPa and high-pressure boron nitride is not thermodynamically stable, it is difficult to directly bond high-pressure boron nitride to each other under metastable pressure / temperature sintering conditions. The portion of the sintered body where the binder is not present is unsintered. In the present invention, a binder that does not react with high-pressure boron nitride and / or a substance that reacts with high-pressure boron nitride and becomes a binder must exist around the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles. Found that it is most suitable to apply coated high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with a coating-forming material to high-pressure boron nitride particles. At the same time, when the high-pressure boron nitride sintered body is sintered with the high-performance binder and the high-pressure boron nitride containing at least cubic boron nitride, at least the high-pressure boron nitride particles are coated. The formed coating-forming material is a soot and / or a reaction product of this coating-forming material and high-pressure boron nitride serves as a binder, and these deform or move to fill the gaps between the high-pressure boron nitride particles, If the bonding material and high-pressure boron nitride are bonded and pressure is applied that is effective only to eliminate or eliminate voids and pores surrounded by the bonding material and high-pressure boron nitride, the high-pressure boron nitride sintered body can be densified. It was found that it was possible to manufacture a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body with a highly controlled microstructure.
[0016]
For this purpose, a coating of high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, which are particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less, or a core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles, is performed. It has been found that the quality of the coating, such as appearance and uniformity, is the key to the success of the production of the coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body.
That is, the present inventors have developed a substance and / or a sintering material which is a single particle unit to high-pressure boron nitride powder particles which are fine particle core particle powder particles or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles. In order to coat an auxiliary substance as a coating-forming substance, a highly dispersed core in which particles of a core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less in a volume-based frequency distribution are mainly present in the air in a single particle state. It is found that the coating of the core particle powder particles in the particle powder particle / gas mixture must be started in the coating start region of the coating space in a highly dispersed state where the dispersity β is 70% or more. It was.
[0017]
More specifically, (I) This core particle powder in which the particles of high-pressure boron nitride powder are dispersed in the state of a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture mainly in the single particle state in the air. Even if the particles are not retained, they tend to re-aggregate over time due to Brownian aggregation, turbulent aggregation, sonic aggregation, etc. Once re-agglomerated, they must be dispersed by a dispersion processing means having a particularly high dispersion performance. Therefore, it is difficult to re-disperse by breaking the re-aggregation state. For this reason, the particles of the core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less in the volume-based frequency distribution are mainly in a single particle state. The core particle powder particles in the high-dispersion core particle powder particles / gas mixture present need to be guided to the coating start region of the coating space in a highly dispersed state with a dispersity β of 70% or more, For this purpose, (II) the core particle powder One or more that breaks up the agglomerates of particles and disperses the particles of the core particle powder in the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture mainly in the air in a single particle state into a highly dispersed state It has been found that a dispersion processing means group having a particularly high dispersion performance is required.
[0018]
The coated high-pressure boron nitride powder particles thus obtained are sintered at a pressure of less than 2000 MPa and a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C. where the high-pressure boron nitride is not thermodynamically stable but metastable. As a result, a high-performance high-pressure boron nitride sintered body having a uniform, dense, and strongly sintered structure with a highly controlled microstructure was obtained.
That is, according to the present invention, a PC-type ultrahigh pressure apparatus capable of generating a relatively loose ultrahigh pressure of less than 2000 MPa, an ultrahigh pressure HIP apparatus capable of pressurizing up to 1000 MPa, or the above ultrahigh pressure HIP apparatus. Using each of the HIP apparatus and the HP apparatus, the high-pressure boron nitride particles coated without causing phase transition of the high-pressure boron nitride to the graphite-type phase can be uniformly, densely and firmly in each sintering environment. It can be a sintered body.
Furthermore, it has been found that the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles exhibit a sintering behavior similar to that of the particles of the coating material itself, which makes it possible to strengthen the coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body. It has also been found that it is possible to add and sinter a fibrous substance made of one or more kinds of metals or compounds having a diameter of 500 μm or less and a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 2 or more, which has led to the present invention. .
[0019]
That is, the present invention relates to core particle powder particles made of high-pressure boron nitride fine particles, or core particle powder particles mainly made of the same fine particles, the surface of which is coated with a coating-forming substance. When manufacturing a sintered body of high-pressure boron nitride by sintering, the high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with this coating-forming substance are coated by forming a core particle powder into the coating space and passing through the gas phase. The surface of the core particle powder particles is coated with the coating forming material by bringing the forming material precursor and / or the coating forming material precursor in the gas phase into contact with and / or colliding with the particles of the core particle powder. Because
(A) The final treatment means of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group is:
(A) a dispersing means for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder in the air; and
(B) In the mixture of the core particle powder particles and the gas in which the core particle powder particles are dispersed in the air, the low dispersion core particle powder portion is separated, and the core particle powder particles are mainly single. Highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means for selecting a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture existing in the air in the particle state, and this highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means High dispersion having a low dispersion core particle powder part selectively separated by the above-mentioned dispersion means in the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and a feedback means for conveying to the treatment means before the final dispersion means. Core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means,
By means of a group of finely dispersed fine particles selected from the above, particles of a fine particle core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in a volume-based frequency distribution or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed in the air. (B) Dispersing the core space powder particles dispersed in this dispersion step in a dispersed state with a dispersity β of 70% or more. A coating process in which the coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with the coating-forming material precursor in the starting region;
Using the one prepared by the coating means consisting of
The coated high-pressure boron nitride particles or a mixture containing the same is not thermodynamically stable at a pressure of less than 2000 MPa and high pressure boron nitride not exceeding 1850 ° C., but is sintered at a metastable pressure and temperature. The present invention provides a method for producing a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body characterized by sintering under sintering conditions.
[0020]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body as described above, wherein the high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with a coating-forming substance are:
Coated high-pressure boron nitride for crushing and / or crushing agglomerates of coated high-pressure boron nitride particles that have formed agglomerates in contact via a coating-forming substance of coated high-pressure boron nitride particles Crushing and crushing process of particle aggregates and / or
A selective separation step for selectively separating the high-pressure boron nitride particle agglomerates covered with the high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with primary particles.
And the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, or a mixture comprising the same, is subjected to a pressure of less than 2000 MPa where the high-pressure boron nitride is not thermodynamically stable but metastable, And a method for producing the sintered body, which is sintered at a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C.
[0021]
Further, according to the present invention, in the above-described method for producing a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body, the core particle powder particles composed mainly of high-pressure boron nitride fine particles whose surface is to be coated with a coating forming material, or mainly from the same particles. The core particle powder particles are coated with one or more coating materials derived from the immersion method by the immersion method using a molten salt bath, or the core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles. The coated high-pressure boron nitride particles obtained by coating this with a coating-forming substance, or a mixture containing the same, less than 2000 MPa, where the high-pressure boron nitride is not thermodynamically stable but metastable And a method for producing the sintered body which is sintered at a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C.
[0022]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body as described above, wherein the high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with the coating-forming substance have a volume particle frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less. Is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder, and the dispersion β of the core particle powder particles is set to 70% or more. A dispersion step is performed by the fine particle high dispersion treatment unit group having performance, and the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder dispersed by the fine particle high dispersion treatment unit group is directly discharged to the coating step, or the dispersion step and the coating step An intermediate member composed of a hollow member and a member that forms a hollow, which is inevitable for conveyance, from a discharge part that discharges a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder dispersed by the fine particle high dispersion processing means group during the process. , And Particles in a gas / air mixture of high-dispersion core particle powders conveyed through one or more members selected from pipes and / or pipes and / or dispersed in the air with the above-mentioned dispersion performance Air dispersion maintaining means for maintaining the dispersion state, air dispersion promoting means for enhancing the air dispersion state of the particles in the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder dispersed in the air with the above dispersion performance, and core particles In the mixture of powder particles and gas, the low-dispersion core particle powder part is separated, and the core particle powder particles are mainly in a single particle state in the air. A high-dispersion boron nitride particle that is prepared by being conveyed through one or more particles / gas mixture selection means of a highly dispersed core particle powder that selects a particle / gas mixture, and Alternatively, high-pressure boron nitride is thermodynamically stable in a mixture containing the same particles Although it not also relates to metastable pressure of less than 2000 MPa, and a manufacturing method of the sintered body is sintered at a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C..
[0023]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body as described above, wherein the high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with the coating-forming substance have a volume particle frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less. Is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder, and the dispersion β of the core particle powder particles is set to 70% or more. It is prepared by carrying out at least a part of the dispersion process by the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group having performance and a part or more of the coating process by sharing a part or more of the space. The high-pressure boron nitride particles or a mixture containing the same is sintered at a pressure of less than 2000 MPa at which high-pressure boron nitride is not thermodynamically stable but metastable and at a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C. Body manufacture It also relates to the law.
[0024]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body as described above, wherein the high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with the coating-forming substance have a volume particle frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less. The body is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder, and the dispersity β of the core particle powder particles is 70% or more. Position the coating start region of the coating space in the spatial region including the surface through which all the particles of the core particle powder in the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder pass, or A core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to obtain a highly dispersed core particle powder in a particle / gas mixture. The particle dispersity β of the particle powder is 70% or more Of the coating space is prepared by positioning the coating start region of the coating space in a spatial region including a surface through which all the particles collected in the collecting part of the collecting means pass. The sintered high pressure boron nitride particles or a mixture containing the same is sintered at a pressure of less than 2000 MPa at which the high pressure boron nitride is not thermodynamically stable but metastable and at a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C. It also relates to a method for manufacturing a knot.
[0025]
Furthermore, the present invention provides a method for producing a high-pressure boron nitride sintered body as described above, wherein the high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with the coating forming material have a particle size distribution and an average particle diameter of D.MIn the volume-based frequency distribution ([DM/ 5,5DM,> 90%), and is prepared by coating a core-forming powder with a coating-forming substance, and the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles or a mixture containing the particles is subjected to high-pressure nitriding. The present invention also relates to a method for producing the above sintered body in which boron is sintered at a temperature of less than 2000 MPa and a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C., which is not thermodynamically stable but metastable.
[0026]
The present invention also relates to a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body produced by the production method described above.
Thus, according to the present invention, the core particle powder particles made of high-pressure boron nitride fine particles or the core particle powder particles mainly made of the same fine particles, the surface of which is coated with a coating forming substance. When a sintered body of high-pressure type boron nitride particles is manufactured by sintering at a pressure of less than 2000 MPa and a temperature not exceeding 1850 ° C., the high-pressure boron nitride particles whose surface is coated with a coating-forming substance are used. The average particle size dispersed in the air by the final processing means of the coating forming material precursor and / or the coating forming material precursor in the gas phase state generated through the gas phase by the gas phase method and the fine particle high dispersion processing means group Dispersion of the core particle powder particles in the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture in the coating start area of the coating space with the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture consisting of fine particles of 10 μm or less The degree is β ≧ 70% The surface of the high-pressure boron nitride particles that have not been obtained so far can be obtained by using a material in which the surfaces of the high-pressure boron nitride particles are coated with a coating-forming material by being joined, contacted and / or collided in a dispersed state. A high-performance high-pressure boron nitride sintered body with a highly controlled microstructure that has no sintered part, is uniform, dense, and strongly sintered has a relatively loose ultrahigh pressure of less than 2000 MPa. It could be obtained using a pressure device that can be generated. In the preparation of the above-described coated core particles, the coating-forming substance precursor is just formed in a gas phase state or a gas phase composed of atoms, molecules, ions, clusters, atomic clusters, molecular clusters, cluster ions, etc. By starting contact and / or collision with the high-dispersion high-pressure boron nitride particles, the coating-forming substance is firmly bonded to the surfaces of the individual core particles in the primary particle state. As a result, the core particles Thus, coated high-pressure boron nitride particles having a surface coated with a coating-forming substance in units of single particles can be produced.
[0027]
Before describing the present invention in detail below, the terms used in this specification will be defined first, and the specific contents of the terms will be explained if necessary, and then the high-pressure type coated with a coating-forming material. An explanation will be given of what technical means the boron nitride particles are prepared by.
[0028]
Coated high-pressure boron nitride particles
The coated high-pressure boron nitride particles refer to the following high-pressure boron nitride particles that have been coated. For example, specifically, the coating-forming substance is formed into high-pressure boron nitride particles as core particles in one or more forms of ultrafine particles, islands, continuous materials, uniform films, protrusions, etc. Refers to coated particles.
[0029]
High-pressure boron nitride raw material powder particles
According to the present invention, the surface of the high-pressure boron nitride core particles, in which the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles are particles of a fine particle core particle powder or a core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles, is coated with a coating forming material. The raw powder particles of the high-pressure boron nitride particles for the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles include artificial high-pressure boron nitride particles that are static and / or dynamic ultrahigh-pressure synthesis and / or low-pressure gas phase methods. Cubic and / or wurtzite boron nitride particles by synthesis can be used.
Since high-pressure boron nitride suppresses a phase transition to a graphite-type phase, when a substance having a catalytic action is used during synthesis, it is preferable to remove the substance as much as possible. As the most preferable example, for example, ultra-high purity cubic boron nitride synthesized through a gas phase by a physical vapor deposition method (PVD method) or a chemical vapor deposition method (CVD method) can be selected. When it is synthesized in a thin film, it should be pulverized while paying attention to contamination by impurities. When synthesized in a granular or powder form, it can be used as it is. As other high-purity examples, a high-purity single crystal grown over time can be selected. Alternatively, cubic crystals and / or wurtzite boron nitride particles from which impurities are actively removed can also be selected.
As the high-pressure boron nitride raw material powder particles for producing a high-performance coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body, high-pressure boron nitride particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less are used. Specifically, the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles have an average particle diameter DMIs 10 μm or less and the volume frequency distribution is ([DM/ 5,5DM] ≧ 90%) high-pressure boron nitride powder particles are generally in circulation and can be applied. Depending on the application, the average particle diameter D with a relatively narrow distribution rangeMIs 10 μm or less and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 3,3DM,> 90%) high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, or the particle diameter of the high-pressure boron nitride particles is controlled by classification or the like, and the average particle diameter D having a narrower distribution rangeMIs 10 μm or less and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 2,3DM/ 2], ≧ 90%) high-pressure boron nitride powder particles can be selected.
When the high-pressure boron nitride particles having such a distribution are applied as raw material powder particles, the surface of the high-pressure boron nitride particles in the coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body is uniform, dense and strong without any unsintered portions. A high performance coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure can be produced.
[0030]
Gas phase coating method
The vapor phase coating method is a method in which the raw material of the coating forming material is coated at least once through a gas phase state consisting of one or more of molecular flow, ion flow, plasma, gas, vapor, and aerosol, or coating in a gas phase state A method of coating with the raw material of the forming substance.
[0031]
Core particles
A core particle means the particle | grain used as the target object which coat | covers. This is also referred to as matrix particles, seed particles or coated particles.
The core particles are made of high-pressure boron nitride particles, specifically cubic boron nitride particles and / or wurtzite boron nitride particles.
[0032]
Core particle powder
The core particle powder refers to a powder composed of core particles. The particles of the core particle powder are particles constituting the core particle powder. The particles of the fine particle core particle powder used for the coating used in the present invention or the core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles have an average particle size of 10 μm or less in a volume-based frequency distribution.
[0033]
Preferably, the average particle size is DMDMIs 10 μm or less and the particle size distribution is a volume-based frequency distribution ([DM/ 5,5DM] ≧ 90%). In such a powder having a relatively narrow distribution, the dispersion characteristics or aggregation characteristics of the powder are characterized by the average particle diameter, and DMDispersion can be achieved by operating the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group under conditions suitable for the above value.
[0034]
For powders with a core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less in a wide particle size distribution or a distribution having a plurality of peaks separated from each other, an appropriate selective separation process such as a classification process is preferably performed. A coating treatment is performed on each classified powder. As a result, for each of the classified powders, coating is started in the coating start region of the coating space with a dispersity β of 70% or more under the above conditions, and each particle of the core particle powder Can be coated.
[0035]
Coating material
A coating forming substance refers to a substance that forms a coating on an object to be coated. For example, it specifically refers to a substance that forms a coating on the particles of the core particle powder in the form of one or more of ultrafine particles, islands, continuous material, uniform film, protrusions, and the like.
[0036]
In particular, when the form of the coating forming substance is ultrafine particles, the ultrafine particles have a particle diameter in the range of, for example, 0.005 μm to 0.5 μm.
[0037]
The coating-forming material is formed by coating the coating-forming material itself as it is, or when the coating-forming material reacts with the high-pressure boron nitride of the core particles and / or dissolves in the high-pressure boron nitride particles. One or more of the desired inorganic compounds, alloys, intermetallic compounds, etc. for reacting and / or alloying and / or forming a solid solution with two or more kinds of coating forming substances A sintering aid and / or a single substance and / or a compound and / or a surface modifier for the high-pressure boron nitride particles, which generate the above, and promote the sintering of the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. Selected from simple substance and / or compound.
[0038]
As the coating forming material for directly coating the high pressure type boron nitride particles, a coating forming material which does not promote the phase transition of the high pressure type boron nitride into the graphite type phase is selected. A coating forming material can be selected as a surface modifier for controlling the grain boundaries of the high-pressure boron nitride particles. If necessary, for example, increasing the chemical bond between the high-pressure boron nitride particles and the sintering aid and / or the binder, or isolating the individual high-pressure boron nitride particles from any substance, thereby It is possible to suppress the phase transition of the high pressure type boron nitride to the graphite type phase, or it is possible to suppress the reaction between the high pressure type boron nitride and an arbitrary substance. Thereby, the range of selection of the coating forming material as the sintering aid and / or the binder is greatly widened, which is preferable.
[0039]
These coating-forming substances are periodic table 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, group 8 metal, semiconductor, semimetal, rare earth metal , One or more non-metals and oxides thereof, nitrides, carbides, oxynitrides, oxycarbides, carbonitrides, oxycarbonitrides, borides, silicides, such as Al, B, Si, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Nb, V, Zr, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Cr, Cu, Mo, Y, La, TiAl, TiThreeAl, TiAlThree, TiNi, NiAl, NiThreeAl, SiC, TiC, ZrC, BFourC, WC, W2C, HfC, VC, TaC, Ta2C, NbC, Mo2C, CrThreeC2, SiThreeNFour, TiN, ZrN, Si2N2O, AlN, HfN, VxN (x = 1 to 3), NbN, TaN, Ta2N, TiB, TiB2, ZrB2, VB, VThreeB2, VB2, NbB, NbB2, TaB, TaB2, MoB, MoB2, MoBFour, Mo2B, WB, W2B, W2BFive, LaB6, B13P2, MoSi2, BP, Al2OThree, ZrO2, MgAl2OFour(Spinel), Al2SiOFiveIt can be a substance containing one or more (mullite).
[0040]
The amount of the coating-forming substance that coats the surface of the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably an arbitrary amount that allows the coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body to be densified. Is selected.
[0041]
Definition of input to cladding space
The introduction into the coating space refers to introducing the core particle powder into the coating space by, for example, a free fall or the like. When the carrier gas is used, the core particle powder is introduced in the direction of the flow of the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder, or the gas is put on the gas in the direction of the flow or the direction of the gas is changed. It means to be introduced. Or it refers to introducing under the action of carrier gas. For example, it may be introduced by the wave phenomenon of the carrier gas, specifically, non-linear wave. Alternatively, it may be introduced into the coating space by a sound wave, an ultrasonic wave, a magnetic field, an electron beam or the like in a gas. It also means introducing by an external field such as an electric field, a magnetic field, or an electron beam. Specifically, it means charging the powder particles with an electric field, magnetic field, electron beam or the like, or magnetizing them and introducing them into the coating space by attractive force or repulsive force. In addition, it includes suction and introduction by back pressure or decompression of gas.
[0042]
Covered space
The coating space is a space in which the coating forming material precursor generated from the raw material of the coating forming material through the gas phase and / or the coating forming material precursor in the gas phase and the particles of the core particle powder contact and / or collide with each other. Say. Or the space area | region which coat | covers the surface of the particle | grains of core particle powder with a coating forming substance.
[0043]
Coating chamber
The coating chamber refers to a chamber having a part or more of the coating space. More specifically, the coating chamber is a partitioned or substantially partitioned (substantially closed or semi-closed) chamber including the coating space and including a part or more of the coating space.
[0044]
In the air
“Air” refers to a space in a vacuum or gas phase. Here, in the present invention, the gas phase state refers to a state of molecular flow, ion flow, plasma, gas, vapor or the like. Technically, vacuum means a reduced pressure state. Strictly speaking, gases, molecules, atoms, ions, etc. are included under any reduced pressure.
[0045]
Coating material precursor
A coating-forming material precursor is a precursor of a coating-forming material. More specifically, the coating material is formed on and / or synthesized from the raw material of the coating-forming material in the vapor phase as it is or through the vapor phase from the raw material of the coating-forming material, and the coating is formed on the core particles that are particles to be coated. The substance up to just before. The coating forming material precursor is not limited in state as long as it is formed and / or synthesized from the raw material of the coating forming material via the gas phase. When the raw material of the coating forming material is in the gas phase, this raw material can also be a coating forming material precursor. The coating-forming material precursor itself may be in the gas phase. Further, when the coating forming material precursor is a reactive material, it may be before the reaction, during the reaction, or after the reaction. Specific examples of the coating forming material precursor include ions, atoms, molecules, clusters, atomic clusters, molecular clusters, cluster ions, ultrafine particles, gas, vapor, and aerosol.
[0046]
Raw material for coating forming materials
The raw material of the coating forming substance refers to a raw material substance that becomes a substance that forms a coating through a gas phase. Specific examples of the form of the raw material for the coating-forming substance include massive solids, powder particles, gas, and liquid.
[0047]
Dispersion β
The dispersity β is an index for evaluating the dispersion performance of a powder dispersion apparatus as proposed by Masuda and Goto et al. (See Chemical Engineering, 22nd Autumn Meeting Presentation, P349 (1989)). , Defined as the ratio of the weight of the particles in the apparent primary particle state to the weight of the total particles. Here, the apparent primary particle state is a mass-based frequency distribution f of powder particles in an arbitrary dispersion state.m2And the mass-based frequency distribution of completely dispersed powder particles fm1The ratio of the overlapping parts of the following is expressed by β in the following formula.
[0048]
[Expression 1]
Figure 0003948632
In the above formula, the unit of particle diameter (μm) is not specified.
The above formula evaluates the degree of dispersion based on the particle size distribution expressed on a mass basis, but the degree of dispersion should originally be evaluated based on the particle size distribution expressed on a volume basis. However, when the powder particle density is the same, the particle size distribution expressed by mass and the particle size distribution expressed by volume are the same. Therefore, a mass-based particle size distribution that is practically easy to measure is measured and used as a volume-based particle size distribution. Accordingly, the original degree of dispersion β is expressed by the following equation and the area of the shaded portion in FIG.
[0049]
[Expression 2]
Figure 0003948632
In the above formula, the unit of particle diameter (μm) is not specified.
The distribution of the core particle powder and the average particle diameter are basically based on volume unless otherwise specified.
[0050]
Volume-based frequency distribution
Volume-based frequency distribution refers to a distribution of particle diameters expressed as a volume ratio included in a certain particle diameter.
[0051]
([D1, D2], ≧ 90%)
([D1, D2], ≧ 90%) distribution is D1, D2Is the particle diameter, D1<D2D1D2The following particles represent a distribution containing 90% or more by volume, and a powder composed of particles having a hatched portion of 90% or more as shown in FIG. 2 (b).
[0052]
Volume-based frequency distribution ([DM/ 5,5DM], ≧ 90%)
The particle size distribution is a volume-based frequency distribution (([DM/ 5,5DM], ≧ 90%) distribution is DMIs the volume-based average particle size, DMMore than 1/5 times the particle diameter, DMRepresents a distribution containing 90% or more by volume of particles having a particle size of 5 times or less. For example, average particle diameter DMIs 5 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 5,5DM], ≧ 90%) represents a distribution in which the volume-based average particle diameter is 5 μm, and particles having a particle diameter of 1 μm or more and 25 μm or less are contained by 90% or more by volume. Here, the volume-based average particle diameter DMIs
[Equation 3]
Figure 0003948632
Or technically, a certain particle size interval is Di± △ Di/ 2 (△ DiIs the volume of the particles in the section width)iThen,
DM= Σ (viDi) / Σvi
It is expressed.
[0053]
Covering start area
A region where coating is started for the first time after the final processing of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group is referred to as a coating start region. Therefore, even before the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, even the region where the coating is started for the first time is not the coating start region here.
[0054]
Dispersion β in the coating start region
In the present invention, a core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder. A coating chamber is provided in which the coating start region of the coating space is positioned in a region where the dispersion degree β of the core particle powder is 70% or more. If the degree of dispersion in the coating start region of this coating space, the particles of the core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in the volume-based frequency distribution or the particles of the core particle powder mainly composed of the particles are substantially At least a portion of the surface of all core particle powder particles that pass through the coating initiation region of the coating space, and can be dispersed in the air into units of particles one by one; Since they contact and / or collide, it is always possible to attach a coating-forming substance to each particle unit.
Preferably, in the coating start area of the coating space, the core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less with a volume-based frequency distribution is dispersed in the air by the final dispersion treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to achieve high dispersion. A particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder is used, and the degree of dispersion β of the core particle powder is 80% or more. If the degree of dispersion in the coating start region of this coating space, the core particle powder is a core particle powder consisting mainly of fine particles or particles of a fine particle core particle having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle size of 10 μm or less. The core particles are virtually closed by the core particles, and the coating-forming material precursor can be contacted and / or collided everywhere on the surface of each particle. The particle surface can be coated almost uniformly.
[0055]
More preferably, in the coating start region of the coating space, the core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less with a volume-based frequency distribution is dispersed in the air by the final dispersion treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to increase the particle size. A dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture is used, and the dispersion degree β of the core particle powder particles is 90% or more. If the degree of dispersion of the coating start area of this coating space is the core particle powder, the core particle powder is composed mainly of fine particles having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle size of 10 μm or less. Even body particles are virtually non-agglomerated and can be coated virtually uniformly on the surface of each individual particle.
In particular, since the processing efficiency may be low, the degree of dispersion is more preferably 95% or more when high-quality coating is desired. In this case, it is possible to process a small amount of the core particle powder particles to reduce the number concentration in the air of the completely dispersed core particle powder particles. As a result, the entire surface of each particle can be uniformly coated.
[0056]
Fine particle high dispersion treatment means
Fine particle high dispersion treatment means group
(A) having at least one dispersing means,
(B) As the final processing means,
(A) a dispersing means for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder in the air, or
(B) In the mixture of the core particle powder particles and the gas in which the core particle powder particles are dispersed in the air, the low dispersion core particle powder portion is separated, and the core particle powder particles are mainly single. Highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means for selecting a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture existing in the air in the particle state, and this highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means High dispersion having a low dispersion core particle powder portion separated by the above-mentioned dispersion means in the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and a feedback means for conveying to the treatment means before the final dispersion means. Core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means,
It is what has.
Preferably, a core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group to obtain a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder, The core particle powder has a dispersion performance such that the particle dispersity β is 70% or more.
Corresponding to various dispersion degrees in the coating start region, for example, β ≧ 70%, 80%, 90%, by providing the fine particle high dispersion processing means group having the same or better dispersion performance, in the coating start region, High quality coating according to the degree of dispersion can be applied.
[0057]
Final processing means
When the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group is a dispersion means, this dispersion processing means is called the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group. Also, because the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group was in the low dispersion state during the particle / gas mixture selection processing step of the highly dispersed core particle powder to the final dispersion means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means. The particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder or the processing means before the final dispersing means is provided with a feedback means for conveying the selectively separated part to the particle / gas mixture. In the case of a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means equipped with a feedback means for conveying a portion selectively separated because it was in a low dispersion state during the mixture selection processing step, this highly dispersed core particle powder This particle / gas mixture selection means is called the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group.
[0058]
It should be noted that this is provided before the particle / gas mixture selection means of the highly dispersed core particle powder provided with the feedback means which is the final processing means of the fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group (for example, the high dispersion core provided with this feedback means). The particle / gas mixture selection means of the highly dispersed core particle powder is the high-dispersion process of fine particles regardless of the presence or absence of feedback means. It is a component of a means group.
[0059]
Dispersion means
A means used for dispersing the fine particles is referred to as a dispersing means. Any dispersing means that has a slight or slight dispersion effect can be used as the dispersing means, and this is used as the dispersing means. For example, a rotary feeder or injection feeder for pneumatic transportation generally used as a supply means (powder engineering society edition: “Powder Engineering Handbook”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (1986) P568, P571) also has a dispersion effect. When used as an intended means, it is a dispersion means. The dispersion maintaining / promoting means described later is also a dispersion means when used for the purpose of dispersion (for the purpose of increasing β). The dispersing means may be a single device or device, or may be a combined device or device, and these are collectively referred to as a fine particle high dispersion processing means group.
This fine particle high-dispersion processing means group is used to accelerate and / or disperse the particles of the core particle powder by an air flow placed on a velocity gradient, and collide the core particle powder particles with a stationary obstacle and / or an obstacle made of a rotating body. Of one or more selected dispersions, such as dispersion by pulverization and / or pulsating and / or rotating drum and / or mechanical disintegration consisting of vibration and / or scraping. The one with the mechanism.
[0060]
Specifically, the fine particle high dispersion processing means group includes an ejector-type disperser, a venturi-type disperser, a thin tube, a stirrer, a disperser using obstacles in an air stream, a disperser using jet blowing, a spiral Disperser using tubes, rotating blades, disperser using rotating pins (cage mill), fluidized bed type disperser, disperser using pulsating flow, disperser using rotating drum, disperser using vibration Disperser that uses scraping with a vibration sieve, scraper, SAEI, Gonell disperser, medium strip disperser, Roller disperser, orifice disperser, BM disperser, Timbrell disperser, Wright disperser Dispersing means consisting of one or more selected machines, etc. (Powder Engineering Society: “Powder Engineering Handbook”, Nikkan Kogyo Shimbun (1986) P430).
[0061]
Further, a disperser using a stirring blade described in JP-A No. 56-1336, a disperser using a high-speed air flow and a dispersion nozzle described in JP-A No. 58-163454, and described in JP-A No. 59-199027. Disperser utilizing the dispersing action by the rotating blades and the dispersing action by the plasma ions, the dispersing machine utilizing the dispersing action by the plasma ions described in JP-A-59-207319, and the ejector described in JP-A-59-216616 Disperser using the dispersion action of the plasma ion and the ejector described in JP-A-59-225728, Disperser using the dispersion action of the ion flow, Dispersion action of the plasma ion described in JP-A-59-183845 , A dispersing machine using a dispersing blade and a dispersing action by pressure gas as described in JP-A 63-166421, JP-A 62-1 A disperser using a line or ring-shaped slit-type jet nozzle described in No. 6527, a disperser using mesh blades described in JP-A 63-221829, and an injection nozzle described in JP-A 63-1629 Disperser using a dispersion action by a high-speed air flow from, a disperser using a large number of pores described in Japanese Utility Model Sho 63-9218, an ejector type disperser described in Japanese Utility Model Sho 62-156854, The thing described in the gazettes, such as a disperser using the pore and orifice described in Sho 63-6034, can also be used.
Examples of suitable dispersing means for the fine particle high-dispersion processing means group include apparatuses described in Japanese Patent Application No. 63-131358, Japanese Patent Application No. 1-71071, Japanese Patent Application No. 2-218537.
[0062]
Particle / gas mixture selection means for highly dispersed core particle powder
The particle / gas mixture selection means of the highly dispersed core particle powder is a particle in which the particle / gas mixture of the low dispersion core particle powder is separated from the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder, and the particles are mainly in a single particle state. Means for selecting a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder containing. Aggregated particles, which are aggregates of primary particles, can be separated by, for example, dry classification means because the apparent particle size is larger than the particle size of the primary particles. Examples of particle / gas mixture selection means for this highly dispersed core particle powder include classification means using gravity, classification means using inertial force, classification means using centrifugal force, classification means using static electricity, flow One or more dry classification means selected from classification means using a layer, etc. may be mentioned.
Examples of particle / gas mixture selection means for highly dispersed core particle powder include gravity classifier, inertia classifier, centrifugal classifier, cyclone, air separator, micron separator, microplex, multiplex, zigzag classifier, Accucut , Conical separator, Turbo classifier, Super separator, Dispersion separator, Elbow jet, Fluidized bed classifier, Virtual impactor, O-Sepa, Sieve, Vibrating screen, Shifter (Powder Engineering Handbook: “Powder Engineering Handbook” Kogyo Shimbun, P514 (1986)).
[0063]
Core particle powder particle / gas mixture
The core particle powder particle / gas mixture is: (a) a homogeneous flow in which the core particle powder particles are uniformly suspended in the air (uniform floating flow); (b) the core particle powder particles are Inhomogeneous flow (non-homogeneous floating flow) showing non-uniform distribution in a certain region in the air, (c) flow with sliding layer of core particle powder particles (sliding flow), or (d) core A flow with a stationary layer of particles of particulate powder.
[0064]
Low dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture
The low-dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture is a core particle in which the core particle powder particles are mainly in a state other than a single particle state in the core particle powder particle / gas mixture. A powder particle / gas mixture.
[0065]
Particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder
The particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder refers to a particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder in which the particles of the core particle powder mainly exist in the air in a single particle state. The particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder actually contains agglomerated particles even though it is extremely highly dispersed. The particle / gas mixture of the low-dispersion core particle powder actually contains single particles that are not agglomerated, and selectively separates the particles / gas mixture of the low-dispersion core particle powder and the particles of the high-dispersion core particle powder. -Divided into gas mixtures. The particle / gas mixture of the low dispersion core particle powder becomes a particle / gas mixture of the high dispersion core particle powder by selective separation and / or redispersion of the aggregated particles.
[0066]
Collection means
A means for taking out the coated particles coated in the coating space is called a collecting means. The part of the collection means where the collection process is performed is called a collection unit. The coated particles coated through the coating start area of the coating space are directly taken out from the air and collected, or taken out from the air and temporarily stored and then collected, or collected together with the gas.
As a collection unit of the collection unit, a collection unit of the collection unit using a partition wall (obstacle), a collection unit of the collection unit using gravity, a collection unit of the collection unit using inertial force, a collection unit using centrifugal force Recovery unit, recovery unit recovery unit using attractive force due to electrification, recovery unit recovery unit using thermophoretic force, recovery unit recovery unit using Brownian diffusion, suction force due to gas back pressure or decompression, etc. A collection unit or the like of the used collection means can be used.
Preferable examples of the collecting unit of the collecting means include a gravity dust collector, an inertia dust collector, a centrifugal dust collector, a filtration dust collector, an electric dust collector, a cleaning dust collector, a particle packed bed, a cyclone, a bag filter, a ceramic filter, and a scrubber.
[0067]
Next, a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means employed when preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles used in the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0068]
Explanation of diagram of fine particle high dispersion treatment means
FIG. 3A is a block diagram showing an example of a basic configuration of a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. The final dispersion means A for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder, and the component d of the dispersion processing means group before the final dispersion means. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder. As the component d, any treatment means such as a dispersion means, a supply means, a particle / gas mixture selection means of highly dispersed core particle powder can be used alone or in combination. The component d is not necessarily provided. The fine particle highly-dispersed processing means group preferably has a dispersity β of the dispersity β with respect to the core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less after the processing of the dispersing means A as the final processing means. It is the structure which can implement | achieve 70% or more.
[0069]
FIG. 3B is a block diagram showing a second example of the basic configuration of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. The final dispersion means A for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder, the particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder in which the particles of the core particle powder are mainly present in the air in the final dispersion means A The final high dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B provided with the feedback means C for feeding back the gas / gas mixture η of the low dispersion core particle powder other than the gas mixture, the dispersion before the final dispersion means It comprises a component d of the processing means group and a component e of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group between the final dispersion means and the final selection means. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder. As the component d, any processing means such as a dispersion means, a supply means, a selection means or the like can be used alone or in combination. As the component e, any processing means other than the dispersion means, for example, any processing means such as a supply means and a selection means can be used alone or in combination. The components d and e are not necessarily provided. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group is preferably configured such that after the treatment by the selection means B which is the final treatment means, the degree of dispersion of the distribution of the core particle powder can be 70% or more.
[0070]
FIG. 3C is a block diagram showing a third example of the basic configuration of the fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group in preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. Highly dispersed core particles in which the particles of the core particle powder are mainly present in the air in the form of a single particle to the final dispersion means A for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder and the processing means before the final dispersion means A Highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B provided with feedback means C for feeding back particles / gas mixture η of low dispersion core particle powder other than powder particles / gas mixture, final dispersion means It consists of a component d of the previous fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and a component e of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group between the final dispersion means and the last selection means. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder. As the component d, any processing means such as a dispersion means, a supply means, a selection means or the like can be used alone or in combination. As the component d, processing means other than the dispersion means, for example, arbitrary processing means such as supply means and selection means can be used alone or in combination. The components d and e are not necessarily provided. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group is preferably configured such that after the treatment by the selection means B which is the final treatment means, the degree of dispersion of the distribution of the core particle powder can be 70% or more.
[0071]
In addition, since it is the above structures, you may also include in the structure of this fine particle highly dispersed process means group powder supply sources, such as a supply tank and a core particle production | generation means. For example, in the case of FIG. 3C, it goes without saying that the configuration in which the feedback destination of the feedback means C is the supply tank may also be the configuration of the highly dispersed processing means group. Needless to say, a crushing step of crushing and / or crushing the particles of the core particle powder may be inserted before the dispersion step of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group.
[0072]
A more detailed description will be given based on a more detailed block diagram of a concrete representative example of the basic configuration of the above-described fine particle high dispersion processing means group.
Configuration 1
FIG. 4A is a block diagram for explaining a first configuration of a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, and corresponds to FIG. 3A. . This example includes a supply tank 100 for supplying core particle powder to be coated, and a final dispersion means A for dispersing the core particle powder to be coated. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0073]
Configuration 2
FIG. 4B is a block diagram for explaining a second configuration of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, and corresponds to FIG. . This example includes a supply tank 100 for supplying the core particle powder to be coated, a dispersion means a for dispersing the core particle powder to be coated, and a final dispersion means A for dispersing the core particle powder to be coated. Yes. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0074]
Configuration 3
FIG. 4 (c) is a block diagram for explaining a third configuration of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, and corresponds to FIG. 3 (a). . In this example, the supply tank 100 for supplying the core particle powder to be coated, the dispersion means a for dispersing the core particle powder to be coated, and the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed by the dispersion means a A feedback means C for feeding back the particles / gas mixture η of the low dispersion core particle powder other than the particles / gas mixture of the high dispersion core particle powder mainly existing in the air in a single particle state to the dispersion means a, Highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means b for mainly introducing a highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture into the final dispersion means A, and final dispersion means for dispersing the coated core particle powder. A. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0075]
Configuration 4
FIG. 4 (d) is a block diagram for explaining a fourth configuration of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, and corresponds to FIG. 3 (b). . This example shows a supply tank 100 for supplying coated core particle powder, a final dispersion means A for dispersing the coated core particle powder, and a particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed by the final dispersion means A. The feedback means for feeding back to the dispersion means A the particles / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder mainly existing in the air in a single particle state, and the particles / gas mixture η of the low dispersion core particle powder other than C, the final high-dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B for releasing the high-dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0076]
Configuration 5
FIG. 4 (e) is a block diagram for explaining a fifth configuration of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, and corresponds to FIG. 3 (b). . In this example, a supply tank 100 for supplying coated core particle powder, a dispersing means a for dispersing the coated core particle powder, a final dispersing means A for dispersing the coated core particle powder, and a final dispersing means Of the particles / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed in A, the particles / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder mainly existing in the air in a single particle state, The feedback means C feeds back the particle / gas mixture η to the dispersion means A, and the final highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B that releases the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder. Yes. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0077]
Configuration 6
FIG. 4 (f) is a block diagram for explaining a sixth configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, and corresponds to FIG. 3 (b). . This example mainly removes the particles / gas mixture of the low-dispersion core particle powder from the supply tank 100 for supplying the core particle powder to be coated, and the particle / gas mixture of the core particle powder, and mainly high dispersion. A highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selecting means b for introducing the core particle powder particle / gas mixture into the dispersing means A, a final dispersing means A for dispersing the selectively separated core particle powder particles, and a final Low-dispersion core particle powder other than the particles / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state from the particles / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed by the dispersing means A A feedback means C for feeding back the body particle / gas mixture η to the dispersion means A, and a final high dispersion core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means B for releasing the highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture. Has been. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0078]
Configuration 7
FIG. 4G is a block diagram for explaining the seventh configuration of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group in preparing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, and corresponds to FIG. . In this example, a supply tank 100 for supplying coated core particle powder, a dispersing means a for dispersing the coated core particle powder, a final dispersing means A for dispersing the coated core particle powder, and a final dispersing means Of the particles / gas mixture of the core particle powder dispersed in A, the particles / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder mainly existing in the air in a single particle state, A feedback means C for feeding back the particle / gas mixture η to the dispersion means a, and a final high dispersion core particle powder / gas mixture selection means B for releasing the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder. Yes. ε is a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder that exists in the air mainly in a single particle state among the particles of the core particle powder.
[0079]
In order to maintain the highly dispersed state of the fine particles thus achieved, an air dispersion maintaining means can be added between the fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group and the coating chamber. The air dispersion maintaining means here means means for preventing the re-aggregation of the particles of the core particle powder dispersed and supported in the air and maintaining the dispersity β. In order to promote the highly dispersed state of the core particles thus achieved, an air dispersion promoting means can be added between the fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group and the coating chamber. Air dispersion promoting means here means mainly promoting the re-dispersion of the re-aggregated particles among the core particle powder particles dispersed and supported in the air, slowing down the dispersion state, or once decreasing Means for promoting re-dispersion so that the dispersed state is restored to the original highly dispersed state.
Preferable examples of the air dispersion maintaining means or the air dispersion promoting means include a pipe vibration device, a pipe heating device, a plasma generator, a charging device, and the like.
[0080]
The pipe vibration device is a means for suppressing reagglomeration and maintaining high dispersion by giving vibrations that cannot be called a disperser to particles dispersed in the air by vibration of the pipe where the oscillator is installed. It is a means for promoting the dispersion of the particles.
The pipe heating device expands the carrier gas by applying heat from the outside of the carrier gas using a heated pipe, accelerates the flow velocity to the extent that it cannot be called a disperser, suppresses reaggregation, and disperses the reaggregated particles. It is a means to promote.
[0081]
The plasma generator generates plasma in the air in which the core particle powder is dispersedly supported, and by means of collision between the plasma ions and the core particles, means for suppressing reaggregation and maintaining a highly dispersed state or reaggregation It is a means for promoting particle dispersion.
The charging device generates monopolar ions in the air carrying the core particle powder in a dispersed manner by means of corona discharge, electron beam, radiation, etc., and passes the particles through a monopolar ion atmosphere so that the particles are monopolar. Or a means for suppressing reaggregation by electrostatic repulsion and maintaining a highly dispersed state, or a means for promoting dispersion of reaggregated particles.
[0082]
The core particle powder in a highly dispersed state of the fine particles thus formed is sent to a coating chamber in order to coat the surface of the particles with a coating forming substance. This coating chamber is provided with a coating space including a coating start region.
It is desirable that the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and the coating chamber be directly connected, but they may be connected using a hollow member and / or a pipe that are inevitable for conveyance. Also in this case, it is essential to realize β ≧ 70% in the coating start region.
When the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and the coating chamber are placed separately and connected between them, the core particle powder may be introduced into the coating chamber in its dispersed state. For this purpose, an air dispersion maintaining means and / or an air dispersion promoting means and / or a core particle powder which is an apparatus for maintaining the dispersed state of the core particle powder during this period. Highly dispersed core particle powder particles that separate the low-dispersed core particle powder portion from the particle / gas mixture and select the highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture mainly containing particles in a single particle state -A gas mixture selection means can also be provided.
[0083]
Also, when preparing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, the fine particle high dispersion processing means group shares a part or more with (1) the coating chamber, or (2) the coating space, or (3) the coating start region. You can also
For example, a dispersion space and a coating chamber in the fine particle high dispersion means group, a dispersion space in the fine particle dispersion means group and a coating space having a coating start area, or a dispersion space and coating in the fine particle dispersion means group. The starting area can also be shared spatially.
Here, the coating start region is a coating forming material precursor and / or a coating forming material precursor in a gas phase state that is produced through a gas phase on a highly dispersed core particle powder conveyed in a dispersion state of β ≧ 70%. The area where the body contacts and / or collides and starts covering is considered, and the embodiment shown in the following FIGS. 5 (a) to 5 (e) is considered.
That is, in FIGS. 5A to 5E, the coating start region is a region indicated by 2.
[0084]
In FIG. 5 (a), the coating start area 2 of the coating space where coating is started in a dispersion state of β ≧ 70% with respect to the powder is a part of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group or a part of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, preferably It is provided so as to cover the discharge part 1 of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group.
In FIG. 5B, the coating starts in the dispersion state of β ≧ 70% through which all the particles 4 of the core particle powder discharged from the discharge part 1 of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group or the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group pass. A space covering start area 2 is provided.
With the above configuration, coating of all the core particle powder particles is started in a dispersion state of β ≧ 70%.
In FIG. 5C, among the particles 4 of the core particle powder discharged from the discharge part 1 of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group or the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, the particles that enter the collection part 5 always pass through β ≧ A coating start area 2 is provided in the coating space where coating is started in a dispersion state of 70%.
[0085]
In FIG. 5 (d), a coating start region 2 of the coating space that starts coating in the dispersion state of β ≧ 70% surrounding the collection unit 5 is provided.
In FIG. 5 (e), the recovery unit 5 is provided at a position where only particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture can reach. Accordingly, the region 6 here is a selection means using gravity. The coating start area 2 of the coating space where the coating of the highly dispersed core particle powder particles / gas mixture entering the recovery section starts coating in the dispersion state of β ≧ 70% is provided as shown by the hatched portion in the figure. .
Only core particles that start coating in a dispersion state of β ≧ 70% can be recovered, and core particles that have not passed through the coating start region and coating particles that have passed through the coating start region are not mixed.
[0086]
From the above, an apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles is composed of a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and a coating chamber, or a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, a coating chamber, and a recovery means. However, the constituent elements of these devices can be combined in various ways, and a configuration example of these devices will be described with reference to the drawings as follows.
[0087]
Device configuration 1
FIG. 6A is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a first apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1 is directly connected to the coating chamber 2-B1.
[0088]
Device configuration 2
FIG. 6B is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a second apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1, and an inevitable hollow member. 2-C2 and recovery means 2-D. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1 is connected to the coating chamber 2-B1 through an inevitable hollow member 2-C2.
[0089]
Device configuration 3
FIG. 6C is a block diagram for explaining the configuration of a third apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1, and an air dispersion maintenance. It comprises means 2-C3 and recovery means 2-D. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1 is connected to the coating chamber 2-B1 via the air dispersion maintaining means 2-C3.
[0090]
Device configuration 4
FIG. 6D is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a fourth apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1 shares a space with the coating chamber 2-B1.
[0091]
Device configuration 5
FIG. 6E is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a fifth apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1 is provided in the coating chamber 2-B1.
[0092]
Device configuration 6
FIG. 6F is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a sixth apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D. A coating chamber 2-B1 is provided in the dispersion space of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group 2-C1.
[0093]
Device configuration 7
FIG. 6G is a block diagram illustrating the configuration of a seventh apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. This apparatus of this example includes a coating apparatus manufacturing apparatus main body 2-A, a coating chamber 2-B1, a coating space 2-B2, a coating start area 2-B3, a fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group 2-C1, and a recovery means 2- D, re-coating supply means 2-E. The coated particles after coating from the collecting means 2-D are conveyed to the high dispersion processing means group 2-C1 by the re-coating supply means 2-E, and the coating treatment can be repeated.
The coated high-pressure boron nitride particles are produced by any of the apparatuses having such a configuration.
[0094]
As described above, the coated particles obtained by coating the core particle powder, which is high-pressure boron nitride particles, with the coating forming material may be coated again with the coating forming material, or this recoating may be repeated. In this case, the coated particles are sent to the recoating supply means. Here, the re-coating supply means refers to a means for conveying the coated particles after coating to the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group for re-coating. Specifically, (a) a recovery means for recovering the coated particles, and (b) a means provided with the coated particle transport means for transporting the coated particles from the recovery means to the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group. Or (a) a collecting means for collecting the coated particles, (b) a coated particle conveying means for conveying the coated particles from the collecting means to the fine particle high dispersion processing means group, and (c) a coating for classifying the coated particles after coating. Means provided with particle classification means. When the coating amount is large, the particle size distribution of the core particle powder before coating and the particle size distribution of the coated particles after coating are changed. Therefore, it is effective to adjust the particle size distribution of the coated particles after coating by the coated particle classification means and perform the recoating treatment.
This re-coating process can be repeated as necessary, and the coating amount of the coating-forming material can be set as desired. Further, the coating process can be repeated by changing the kind of the coating forming material, and thus, a plurality of materials can be multiply coated as the coating forming material.
[0095]
The coated particle manufacturing apparatus used in the present invention is not limited as long as the coating forming material is a coated particle manufacturing apparatus in which the particle surface of the core particle powder is coated by a gas phase method through a gas phase. For example, as a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) apparatus, a thermal CVD apparatus, a plasma CVD apparatus, a CVD (visible light CVD, laser CVD, ultraviolet CVD, infrared CVD, far infrared CVD) apparatus using electromagnetic waves, an MOCVD apparatus, or the like, or As a physical vapor deposition (PVD) apparatus, a vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, an ion sputtering apparatus, an ion plating apparatus, etc. are applicable. More specifically, for example, a coated particle production apparatus described in JP-A-3-75302, particles whose surface is coated with ultrafine particles and a method for producing the same are suitable.
[0096]
As described above, in the present invention, a coating-forming substance precursor that is produced through a gas phase by introducing fine particle core particle powder, which is high-pressure boron nitride, or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles into the coating space, and Coated high-pressure boron nitride particles that contact and / or collide with the core particle powder particles by coating the surface of the core particle powder particles with the coating material. The basic process of the present invention is summarized as follows.
[0097]
I
(A) The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group disperses the fine particle core particle powder particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in the volume reference frequency distribution or the core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles in the air. A dispersion process for making a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture,
(B) The core particle powder particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture dispersed in this dispersion step are coated in a dispersion state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space. A coating process in which coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with the precursor of the forming material
Coating method.
[0098]
II
(A) Highly dispersed core particles in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Dispersion in the air by means of a fine particle high-dispersion treatment means that achieves a particle dispersity β of 70% or more in the core particle powder of the powder particle / gas mixture to obtain a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture Mixed process,
(B) The core particle powder particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture dispersed in this dispersion step are coated in a dispersion state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space. A coating process in which coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with the precursor of the forming material
Coating method.
[0099]
III
(A) Highly dispersed core particles in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Dispersion in the air by means of a fine particle high-dispersion treatment means that achieves a particle dispersity β of 70% or more in the core particle powder of the powder particle / gas mixture to obtain a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture Mixed process,
(B) a conveying step of directly conveying the particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder dispersed in this dispersing step to the coating step;
(C) Coating of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder transported in this transporting process in a dispersed state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space A coating process in which coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with a material precursor.
Coating method.
[0100]
IV
(A) Highly dispersed core particles in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Dispersion in the air by means of a fine particle high-dispersion treatment means that achieves a particle dispersity β of 70% or more in the core particle powder of the powder particle / gas mixture to obtain a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture Mixed process,
(B) A hollow member, an intermediate member made of a member forming a hollow, and a pipe, which are unavoidable for transporting the core particle powder particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture dispersed in the dispersion step A transporting process for transporting through one or more members selected from
(C) Coating of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder transported in this transporting process in a dispersed state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space A coating process in which coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with a material precursor.
Coating method.
[0101]
V
(A) Highly dispersed core particles in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Dispersion in the air by means of a fine particle high-dispersion treatment means that achieves a particle dispersity β of 70% or more in the core particle powder of the powder particle / gas mixture to obtain a highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture Mixed process,
(B) Highly dispersed core particle powder particles / gas obtained by dispersing the particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture in the dispersion step in the air with the dispersion performance. Air dispersion maintaining means for maintaining the air dispersion state of the particles of the core particle powder of the mixture, the air for enhancing the air dispersion state of the particles of the core particle powder of the highly dispersed core particle powder particles Dispersion facilitating means, separating the particle / gas mixture of the low-dispersion core particle powder in the mixture of the core particle powder particles and gas, and the core particle powder particles are mainly present in the air in a single particle state A conveying step of conveying via one or more of the particle / gas mixture selection means of the highly dispersed core particle powder for selecting the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder;
(C) Coating of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder transported in this transporting process in a dispersed state with a dispersity β of 70% or more in the coating start region of the coating space A coating process in which coating is initiated by contacting and / or colliding with a material precursor.
Coating method.
[0102]
As described above, in all of I to V, preferably, a fine particle core particle powder particle having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or a core particle powder particle mainly composed of fine particles is subjected to a fine particle high dispersion treatment. Particles of highly dispersed core particle powder in a spatial region in which the dispersity β of the particles of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture core particle powder dispersed by the means group is 70% or more. A coating start region of the coating space is located in a spatial region including a surface through which all of the particles of the core particle powder in the gas mixture pass, or
A high-dispersion core particle powder in which particles of a fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based coating distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. Covers the spatial region including the surface through which all particles collected by the collecting means of the collecting means pass out of the spatial region in which the particle dispersity β of the core particle powder of the particle / gas mixture is 70% or more. Position the coverage start area of the space, or
Alternatively, in the above I and II, particles of fine particle core particle powder having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed by a group of fine particle high dispersion treatment means. The high-dispersion core particle powder is dispersed in the air by a group of fine-particle high-dispersion treatment means that realizes a dispersion degree β of the core particle powder of the highly dispersed core particle powder / gas mixture of 70% or more. Part or more of the dispersion step for forming the particle / gas mixture and part or more of the coating step are performed while sharing a part or more of the space.
The coated high-pressure boron nitride particles may form aggregates in contact with each other via the coating-forming substance of the coated particles. The powder composed of the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles includes coated particles in a single particle state, aggregates in which several to several tens of coated particles in a single particle state are in contact, and many more It consists of an agglomerate in which coated particles in a single particle state are in contact, and its shape and size are uneven and irregular. The aggregate composed of the coated particles in a single particle state is preferably crushed and / or crushed before being subjected to molding or sintering. Various crushing means such as a ball mill, a vibrating ball mill, a mortar, a jet mill, etc. can be used for crushing and / or crushing the aggregate of the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles. Further, the coated particles in the single particle state and the aggregate of the coated particles in the single particle state are selectively separated to form or sinter only the coated particles in the single particle state. May be provided.
According to the present invention, the coated high-pressure boron nitride powder particles obtained as described above or the mixture containing the particles are thermodynamically loaded with a pressure of less than 2000 MPa and a high-pressure boron nitride not exceeding 1850 ° C. The sintered body is sintered under high pressure type boron nitride under non-stable but metastable pressure / temperature sintering conditions.
[0103]
In addition, in the case of adding a substance that speaks to other functions such as toughness enhancement, this substance is in the form of powder, plate or particles, more specifically, the periodic table 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a. 5a, 6a, 7a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, Group 8 metals, semiconductors, semi-metals, rare earth metals and their oxides, nitrides, carbides, oxynitrides, oxycarbides, carbonitrides, acids One or more selected from carbonitrides, borides, silicides, such as Al, B, Si, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Nb, V, Zr, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Cr, Cu, Mo, TiAl, TiThreeAl, TiAlThree, TiNi, NiAl, NiThreeAl, SiC, BFourC, CrThreeC2, TiC, ZrC, WC, W2C, HfC, TaC, Ta2C, NbC, VC, Mo2C, SiThreeNFour, TiN, ZrN, Si2N2O, AlN, HfN, VxN (x = 1 to 3), NbN, TaN, Ta2N, TiB, TiB2, ZrB2, VB, VThreeB2, VB2, NbB, NbB2, TaB, TaB2, MoB, MoB2, MoBFour, Mo2B, WB, W2B, W2BFive, LaB6, BP, B13P2, MoSi2, Al2OThree, ZrO2(Y2OThree, Partially stabilized zirconia with added MgO or CaO stabilizer: PSZ, or tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: TZP), MgAl2OFour(Spinel), Al2SiOFiveIt may be selected from at least one kind of (mullite) powder and / or particles.
[0104]
Furthermore, this substance may be a fibrous substance. The fibrous substance mixed with the coated high-pressure boron nitride powder particles is a substance composed of at least one of a metal and a compound having a shape with a minor axis of 500 μm or less and a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 2 or more. , A rod-like substance having a minor axis of 500 μm or less and a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 2 or more and / or long fibers which are continuous fibers and / or melt-spun into a fiber shape and / or crystals themselves have a fiber shape. It consists of short fibers that are self-shaped fibers and / or whiskers that are crystal-grown in one direction into a fiber shape. In this whisker (whisker crystal), the formation of an intrinsic whisker and / or phase change or chemical change over the whole volume is defined as a phenomenon that does not cause a phase change or a chemical reaction affecting the whole volume. By growing only one crystal face of the crystal to be generated, a broad sense whisker and / or a cross-sectional area indicating a single crystal that has become a long needle crystal is 8 × 10 8.-Five in2Below, there is a whisker that is a single crystal whose length is 10 times or more of the average diameter.
[0105]
As the fibrous material, periodic table 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, 5b, 6b, 7b, group 8 metal, semiconductor, semimetal, rare earth metal, It includes at least one compound containing one or more of non-metals. A fibrous material having a minor axis of 500 μm or less and a ratio of the minor axis to the major axis of 2 or more is used. Specifically, periodic table 1a, 2a, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a, 7a, 1b, 2b, 3b, 4b, group 8 metal, semiconductor, semimetal, rare earth metal, and carbides and oxides thereof , Nitride, oxycarbide, oxynitride, carbonitride, oxycarbonitride, boride, and silicide, the minor axis is 500 μm or less, and the ratio of the major axis to the minor axis is 2 or more. Some form of fibrous material is used. Preferably, for example, Al, B, Si, Fe, Ni, Co, Ti, Nb, V, Zr, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Cr, Cu, Mo, TiAl, TiThreeAl, TiAlThree, TiNi, NiAl, NiThreeAl, SiC, BFourC, CrThreeC2, TiC, ZrC, WC, W2C, HfC, TaC, Ta2C, NbC, VC, Mo2C, SiThreeNFour, TiN, ZrN, Si2N2O, AlN, HfN, VxN (x = 1 to 3), NbN, TaN, Ta2N, TiB, TiB2, ZrB2, VB, VThreeB2, VB2, NbB, NbB2, TaB, TaB2, MoB, MoB2, MoBFour, Mo2B, WB, W2B, W2BFive, LaB6, BP, B13P2, MoSi2, Al2OThree, ZrO2(Y2OThree, Partially stabilized zirconia with added MgO or CaO stabilizer: PSZ, or tetragonal zirconia polycrystal: TZP), MgAl2OFour(Spinel), Al2SiOFiveA fibrous substance composed of at least one kind of (mullite) having a minor axis of 500 μm or less and a ratio of the major axis to the minor axis of 2 or more can be selected.
[0106]
Since the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles used in the present invention are coated on the surface by the vapor phase method as described above, the coating forming substance is basically not limited. In order to arbitrarily design the coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body according to the application, the surface of the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles is preliminarily applied to the surface of the high-pressure boron nitride powder particles before applying the coating. The coating-forming substance may be coated by the same and / or different coating methods.
For example, when a coating made of a carbide of the target metal is formed on the surface of high-pressure boron nitride particles, coated high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with carbon in advance may be used. The method for coating the substance in advance is not particularly limited, but for example, a molten salt immersion method described in JP-A-2-252660, a molten salt disproportionation reaction described in JP-A-1-207380 The electroplating method, electroless plating method, cladding method, physical vapor deposition method (sputtering method, ion plating method, etc.), chemical vapor deposition method and the like are suitable. The metal type of the target metal compound is not particularly limited as long as it can be applied as the binder and / or sintering aid of the present invention.
[0107]
The coating film formed by the dipping method using the molten salt is a high hardness and high melting point material. It is difficult to densely sinter with only high-pressure boron nitride powder particles provided with a coating film by an immersion method using this molten salt. High-density boron nitride powder particles coated with a coating film of a high-hardness, high-melting-point material formed by the immersion method used are sufficiently dense and have high hardness by the coating method by the vapor phase method of the present invention. It is necessary to coat an appropriate amount of a material applicable as a sinterable binder.
[0108]
According to the present invention, the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles obtained by coating the surface of the high-pressure boron nitride particles with a coating-forming material by a vapor phase method alone or the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles and the balance being the powder, A mixture obtained by mixing a plate-like substance, particles, and / or the fibrous substance is sintered in powder form or after molding.
Particularly high-purity high-pressure boron nitride, for example, ultra-high-purity cubic boron nitride synthesized through the vapor phase by PVD or CVD, or ultra-high-purity cubic crystals synthesized by ultra-high pressure over a long period of time If boron nitride is used, degassing and encapsulating in a capsule capable of transmitting pressure, and performing ultra-high pressure HIP sintering or HIP sintering, or sintering by PC or HP sintering in a vacuum or inert gas Therefore, even if it is not in a thermodynamically stable state, cubic boron nitride exists in a stable manner up to 1850 ° C., which is much higher than 1200 ° C. reported by Wakatsuki et al. However, when the temperature exceeds 1850 ° C., it transitions to a graphite type phase in a short time. Further, if high-purity cubic boron nitride from which impurities are positively removed with a conventionally known cubic boron nitride is used, cubic boron nitride exists up to 1700 ° C. by the same sintering method. Alternatively, when cubic boron nitride which is a conventionally known cubic boron nitride and does not contain fine particles, preferably 3 μm or more, is used, cubic boron nitride exists up to 1600 ° C. by the same sintering method. Alternatively, in the case of conventionally known relatively high purity cubic boron nitride, cubic boron nitride exists up to 1500 ° C. by the same sintering method. However, when a conventionally known general cubic boron nitride or wurtzite boron nitride is included, the temperature is preferably up to 1400 ° C.
Therefore, the upper limit of the sintering temperature is 1850 ° C. As described above, the temperature at which the high-pressure type boron nitride is not in a thermodynamically stable state and is virtually stable depends on the quality of the high-pressure type boron nitride used. It is necessary to set a suitable sintering temperature. When it is necessary to set a sintering temperature close to the temperature according to the quality of the high-pressure boron nitride material, it is necessary to control the sintering temperature closely.
[0109]
The present invention, as described above, is a coated high-pressure nitriding using a PC-type ultra-high pressure device, an ultra-high pressure HIP device, an HIP device, or an HP device capable of operating a relatively gentle ultra-high pressure of less than 2000 MPa. Regarding the production of boron sintered bodies, the upper limit of the sintering temperature is 1850 ° C., the application conditions of the binder are clarified within this sintering temperature range, and the high-pressure boron nitride is thermodynamically stable. It is clearly stated that it is not necessary to apply a pressure to achieve a proper state.
Therefore, when using a PC type ultra high pressure device, the pressure may be less than 2000 MPa, but considering the durability of the PC type ultra high pressure device, it is preferable not to exceed 1500 MPa. As a conventionally known technique relating to pressure generation, an HIP pressure can be applied up to 1000 MPa in the case of an ultra-high pressure HIP device, and an HIP device and an HP device other than the ultra-high pressure HIP device can be operated up to 200 MPa, respectively.
[0110]
The coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body sintered by the above method is a high-performance sintered body with a highly controlled microstructure. For the most general machine parts, the coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body has a high Vickers hardness of preferably 600 or higher and a dense coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered having a density of 85% or higher. The body can be manufactured. Preferably, a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body having a high Vickers hardness of preferably 800 or higher and / or a dense coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body having a density of 90% or higher can be produced. . More preferably, for example, considering application to a mechanical member having high wear resistance, the Vickers hardness is a high hardness of 1000 or more by relatively increasing the content of high-pressure boron nitride and performing dense sintering. The coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body can be manufactured. For tools that require even higher wear resistance, the coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body with a Vickers hardness of 2000 or more can be produced by increasing the content of high-pressure boron nitride and sintering it densely. I can do it.
[0111]
【Example】
Hereinafter, the coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body of the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof will be described with reference to examples.
Example 1
As high-pressure boron nitride powder particles, average particle diameter DMIs 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 2,3DM/ 2], ≧ 90%) cubic boron nitride particles were coated with alumina which is an oxide of aluminum metal.
The apparatus used is shown in FIG. 7 and FIG. 8 which is a partially enlarged view thereof, and is a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG.
The apparatus of this example includes a plasma torch 3-A, a plasma chamber 3-a, a coating forming material precursor generating chamber cooling bath 3-B, a coating forming material precursor generating chamber 3-b, and a coating chamber cooling bath 3 in a narrow sense. -C, coating chamber 3-c in a narrow sense, coating particle cooling chamber cooling tank 3-D, coating particle cooling chamber 3-d, supply device 3-E1, core particle powder on the material supply side of the coating forming substance Are provided with a stirring type dispersing device 3-F1, an ejector type dispersing device 3-H1, a thin tube dispersing device 107, and a coated particle collecting unit 3-G. The supply device 3-E1 is connected to a supply device 112 provided with a raw material powder supply tank of the coating forming substance, and the stirring type dispersing device 3-F1 is connected to a supply device 111 provided with a core particle powder supply tank. . The coating chamber in this example is composed of a plasma chamber 3-a, a coating forming material precursor generation chamber 3-b, a narrowly defined coating chamber 3-c, and a coated particle cooling chamber 3-d. Is referred to as a covering chamber in a broad sense. Of these broadly defined coating chambers, the chamber 3-c in which the coating process is mainly performed is referred to as a narrowly defined coating chamber.
[0112]
The fine particle high dispersion processing means group α in this example is composed of a feeder 111 equipped with a feeding tank, an agitating type dispersing device 3-F1, an ejector type dispersing device 3-H1, and a stainless steel thin tube dispersing device 107 having an inner diameter of 4 mm. FIG. 3A shows a specific example of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group belonging to the configuration shown in FIG. 4B. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group is DM= 1 μm ([DM/ 5,5DM] ≧ 90%) is configured so that β ≧ 70% at the time of output can be realized with respect to the core particle powder of high-pressure type boron nitride particles. The narrow tube 107 as the final processing means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group is directly connected to the coating chamber 3-c, and is configured so that β ≧ 70% can be realized in the coating start area 3-L1 of the coating space 3-L2. Has been.
[0113]
Argon gas is supplied at a rate of 20 liters / minute from a supply source 102 to a gas outlet 101 provided on the top of the plasma torch 3-A. This argon gas is turned into plasma by the applied high frequency and forms a plasma soot in the plasma chamber 3-a in the plasma torch 3-A.
Alumina powder having an average particle diameter of 2 μm, which is a raw material of the coating forming material supplied from a feeder 112 equipped with a raw material supply tank of the coating forming material, is carried on a carrier gas 103 of 5 liters / minute, A coating forming material precursor 104 provided at the lower part of A is introduced into the plasma soot at a rate of 1.5 g / min. It becomes a coating-forming substance precursor in the body generation chamber 3-b.
Cubic boron nitride core particles having an average particle diameter of 1 μm supplied at 0.3 g / min from a feeder 111 equipped with a core particle powder supply tank are dispersed by a stirring disperser 3-F1 and 5 liters. Is dispersed by a carrier gas 105 supplied at a rate of / min. And dispersed in a dispersion state with a dispersity β = 82% by an ejector-type disperser 3-H1 and a thin tube disperser 107 with a dispersion gas 106 having a flow rate of 10 liters / min. And introduced into the coating chamber.
[0114]
Highly dispersed cubic boron nitride particles begin to contact and / or collide with the coating-forming material precursor in a dispersed state of β = 82% in the 3-L2 coating initiation region 3-L1 of the coating space.
The coated cubic boron nitride particles whose surface is coated with the coating-forming substance thus generated descends in the coated particle cooling chamber 3-d together with the gas, and reaches the coated particle recovery unit 3-G. . The product composed of the coated particles is separated from the gas by the filter 110 and collected and taken out. Thus, coated particles in which cubic boron nitride particles were coated with 70% alumina by volume were obtained.
The obtained cubic boron nitride particles, which are cubic boron nitride fine particles whose surface is coated with alumina, were observed with a scanning electron microscope. As shown in FIG. Alumina of about 0.005 μm was uniformly coated in ultrafine particles.
The coated cubic boron nitride particles were stamped into a disk shape having a diameter of 16 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, and this molded body was placed in a Pyrex glass capsule filled with h-BN powder.-6It was sealed after degassing at torr, 400 ° C. for 12 hours.
The capsule was placed in a HIP apparatus using argon gas as a pressure medium, and sintered by holding at a sintering temperature of 1200 ° C. and a sintering pressure of 150 MPa for 3 hours. Thereafter, the furnace was cooled, the pressure was released, and the sintered body was taken out.
[0115]
When the crystal phase of the sintered body of Example 1 was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, no diffraction peaks other than cubic boron nitride and α-type alumina were observed.
As shown in Table 1 below, the sintered body was very dense with a density of 97.1%, and the Vickers microhardness was Hv (0.5 / 10) 2960, which was very high.
As a comparative example, the same kind of uncoated cubic boron nitride particles as used in Example 1 and 70% by volume alumina fine particles were mixed and sintered under the same conditions as in Example 1. The sintered body had a density of 94% and a Vickers microhardness of Hv (0.5 / 10) 2300.
FIG. 10 shows an electron micrograph (× 5000) of a polished surface obtained by polishing the surface of the obtained sintered body with diamond paste and subjecting the polished surface to normal gold vapor deposition for observation. In the figure, the dark portion is cubic boron nitride and the bright portion is alumina as a binder.
From this figure, it can be seen that there are no unsintered parts, pores, defects, etc., and it consists of a highly controlled microstructure in which alumina as a binder is uniformly distributed around cubic boron nitride particles.
When this is compared with an electron micrograph (× 5000) (FIG. 11) of the polished surface obtained by subjecting the polished surface of the cubic boron nitride sintered body of the above comparative example to normal gold vapor deposition for observation, The difference is clear. That is, in the cubic boron nitride sintered body of the comparative example, the distribution of the binder and the sintering aid is irregular, and there are places where the binder and the sintering aid are agglomerated. There are many places where sintering aids and binders are deficient, and unsintered parts can be seen there.
[0116]
Example 2
Average particle diameter DMIs 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 2,3DM/ 2], ≧ 90%) cubic boron nitride particles were coated with alumina.
The apparatus used is shown in FIG. 12 and 13 which is a partially enlarged view thereof, and is a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG. The configuration of the apparatus for producing the coating forming material precursor of this example is the same as that of Example 1. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group α is composed of a supply device 214 provided with a supply tank, a stirring disperser 5-F1, a thin tube disperser 211, and a disperser 5-H2 using a collision plate. This is a specific example of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group shown in a) and belonging to the configuration shown in FIG. The thin tube disperser 211 is made of stainless steel having an inner diameter of 4 mm. The disperser 5-H2 using the collision plate which is the final dispersion means of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group α has a configuration in which a collision plate 213 made of SiC is installed by a stainless steel holder 212. The disperser 5-H2 using the collision plate is provided in the narrowly defined coating chamber 5-c, and the fine particle high dispersion processing means group α and the narrowly defined coating chamber 5-c have a common space. Yes. Further, the coating space 5-L1 and the coating start area 5-L2 of the coating space are provided in a narrowly defined coating chamber 5-c. The fine particle highly dispersed treatment means group of this apparatus has an average particle diameter DMIs 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 5,5DM, ≧ 90%) of the core particle powder can be dispersed to a dispersion degree β ≧ 70% immediately after the collision of the collision plate 213 of the disperser 5-H2 using the collision plate as the final dispersion treatment. Therefore, coating is started in a state where the degree of dispersion β ≧ 70%.
[0117]
Argon gas of 20 liters / min is supplied from a supply source 202 to a gas outlet 201 provided on the upper part of the plasma torch 5-A. This argon gas is turned into plasma by the applied high frequency and forms a plasma soot in the plasma chamber 5-a in the plasma torch 5-A.
Alumina powder having an average particle diameter of 2 μm, which is a raw material of the coating forming material supplied at 1.0 g / min from a feeder 215 equipped with a raw material supply tank for the coating forming material, is supported on a carrier gas 203 of 5 liter / min. Then, the coating forming material precursor 204 is introduced into the plasma soot from the coating material feed port 204 provided at the lower part of the plasma torch 5-A, evaporates by the heat of the plasma soot, passes through the gas phase, It becomes a coating-forming substance precursor in the generation chamber 5-b.
Cubic boron nitride core particles supplied at 0.7 g / min from a feeder 214 equipped with a core particle powder supply tank are dispersed by a stirring disperser 5-F1 at a rate of 20 liters / min. It is carried by the supplied carrier gas 205, passes through the thin tube disperser 211, and is dispersed in the air at a dispersity β = 82% by a disperser 5-H2 using a collision plate provided in the coating chamber.
[0118]
Highly dispersed cubic boron nitride core particles begin to contact and / or collide with the coating-forming material precursor in a dispersed state of β = 82% in the coating initiation region 5-L1 of the coating space 5-L2.
The coated cubic boron nitride particles whose surface is coated with the coating forming material thus generated descends with the gas in the coated particle cooling chamber 5-d and reaches the coated particle recovery unit 5-G. . The product composed of the coated cubic boron nitride particles is separated from the gas by the filter 210 and collected and taken out. Thus, coated particles in which cubic boron nitride particles were coated with 50% alumina by volume were obtained.
The obtained coated particles, cubic boron nitride fine particles whose surface was coated with alumina, were observed with a scanning electron microscope. As a result, each of the particles was uniformly composed of ultrafine particles of about 0.005 μm alumina. It was what was coated in the shape.
Cubic boron nitride particles coated with 50% by volume of the alumina thus obtained were embossed to a diameter of 8 mm and a thickness of 5 mm, and this was made of Pyrex glass substantially the same as in Example 1. It was placed in a capsule and sealed after heating and degassing.
Thereafter, using an ultra-high pressure HIP apparatus, sintering was performed at a sintering temperature of 1200 ° C. and a sintering pressure of 1000 MPa for 3 hours.
When the crystal phase of the sintered body of Example 2 was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, no diffraction peaks other than cubic boron nitride and α-type alumina were observed.
As shown in Table 1, the sintered body was very dense with a density of 95.8%, and the Vickers microhardness was very high as Hv (0.5 / 10) 3750.
Further, similarly to Example 1, a sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure in which alumina was uniformly distributed around cubic boron nitride was obtained.
[0119]
Example 3
The average particle size is 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 2,3DM/ 2], ≧ 90%) cubic boron nitride particles were coated with alumina.
The apparatus used is shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15, which is a partially enlarged view thereof, and is a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG. 6 (b). The configuration of the apparatus for producing the coating forming material precursor of this example is the same as that of Example 1. The fine particle high dispersion treatment means group α includes a supply device 313 provided with a supply tank, a stirring disperser 6-F1 which is a dispersion means, and a cyclone 6-I which is a particle / gas mixture selection means for highly dispersed core particle powder. This is a configuration example shown in FIG. 3B and a specific example of the configuration shown in FIG. The discharge part of the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder of the cyclone 6-I is connected to the coating chamber 6-c in a narrow sense by a pipe 307 unavoidable for conveyance, and the discharge part of the low dispersion core particle powder part is discharged. The section is connected to the agitating disperser 6-F1 by a transport pipe 310 through a hopper 6-J and a rotary valve 6-K. According to the fine particle high dispersion processing means group of the present apparatus, the average particle diameter D as a volume-based particle size distribution.MIs 1 μm and the volume-based frequency distribution is ([DM/ 5,5DM, ≧ 90%) of the core particle powder can be dispersed at a dispersion degree β ≧ 75% at the discharge part of the highly dispersed core particle powder flow of cyclone 6-I as the final processing means. As shown in FIGS. 14 and 15, a coating space 6-c in a narrow sense is provided with a coating space 6-L2 and a coating start area 6-L1 of the coating space. The decrease in the dispersity β due to the pipe 307 unavoidable for conveyance due to the restriction of the flange portion connecting 6-C and 6-D can be kept small. Therefore, in the coating start region, coating is started with a dispersion degree β ≧ 70%.
[0120]
Argon gas is supplied from a supply source 302 at a rate of 20 liters / minute to a gas outlet 301 provided on the top of the plasma torch 6-A. The argon gas is turned into plasma by the applied high frequency and forms a plasma soot in the plasma chamber 6-a in the plasma torch 6-A.
The alumina powder, which is the raw material of the coating forming material supplied at 2.1 g / min from the supply machine 314 equipped with the raw material supply tank of the coating forming material, is supported on the carrier gas 303 at 5 liter / min, and the plasma torch 6 -The material is introduced into the plasma soot from the coating material feed port 304 provided in the lower part of A, evaporates by the heat of the plasma soot, passes through the gas phase, and enters the coating-forming material precursor generation chamber 6-b. It becomes a coating-forming substance precursor.
Cubic boron nitride core particles supplied at 1.5 g / min from a supply machine 313 equipped with a core particle powder supply tank are dispersed by a stirring disperser 6-F1 and a carrier gas of 15 liters / min. It is carried by 305 and conveyed to the cyclone 6 -I through the pipe 306. Cyclone 6-I is adjusted so that the maximum particle size on the fine powder side is 1.5 μm, and particles / gas of highly dispersed core particle powder in a dispersed state of β = 85% mainly composed of single particles. The mixture is discharged from the discharge port 308 through the pipe 307 that is inevitable for conveyance into the narrowly defined coating chamber 6-c. On the other hand, the low dispersion core particle powder portion selectively separated by the cyclone 6-I is conveyed through the pipe 310 by the carrier gas 309 through the hopper 6-J and the rotary valve 6-K, and is stirred. Feedback to the disperser 6-F1.
[0121]
The highly dispersed cubic boron nitride core particles begin to contact and / or collide with the coating forming material precursor in a dispersion state of β = 82% in the coating start region 6-L1 of the coating space 6-L2.
The coated cubic boron nitride particles coated on the surface with the coating forming material thus generated descend in the coated particle cooling chamber 6-d together with the gas and reach the coated particle recovery unit 6-G. . The product composed of the coated cubic boron nitride particles is separated from the gas by the filter 312 and collected and taken out. In this way, coated cubic boron nitride particles obtained by coating cubic boron nitride particles with 50% alumina by volume were obtained.
The obtained cubic boron nitride particles, which were cubic boron nitride fine particles whose surface was coated with alumina, were observed with a scanning electron microscope. As a result, all the particles were uniformly 0.005 μm. A certain amount of alumina was coated in ultrafine particles.
The obtained cubic boron nitride powder particles coated with 50% by volume of alumina were embossed into a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 8 mm, and embedded in a pyrophyllite pressure medium having an h-BN molded body arranged on the outside. This was set in a piston / cylinder (PC) type ultra-high pressure apparatus, held at a sintering temperature of 1200 ° C. and a sintering pressure of 1500 MPa for 3 hours, and sintered. Thereafter, the temperature was lowered and the pressure was reduced, and the sintered body was taken out.
Diffraction peaks other than cubic boron nitride and α-type alumina were not observed in the sintered body by powder X-ray diffraction.
As shown in Table 1, the sintered body was very dense with a density of 98.3%, and the Vickers microhardness was very high as Hv (0.5 / 10) 3930.
Further, similarly to Example 1, a sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure in which alumina was uniformly distributed around cubic boron nitride was obtained.
[0122]
Example 4 to Example 5
The coated cubic boron nitride particles obtained by coating with the apparatus of Example 1 under substantially the same conditions as in Example 1 and coated with 50% to 40% by volume of alumina were 10 mm in diameter and thick. 8 mm in length, embedded in a pyrophyllite pressure medium with h-BN molded body on the outside, set in a piston / cylinder (PC) type ultra-high pressure device, sintering temperature 1200 ° C. to 1300 C. and a sintering pressure of 1500 MPa for 3 hours to 6 hours for sintering. Thereafter, the temperature was lowered and the pressure was reduced, and the sintered body was taken out.
Diffraction peaks other than cubic boron nitride and α-type alumina were not observed in any of the sintered bodies by powder X-ray diffraction.
As shown in Table 1, all of the sintered bodies are very dense with a density of 98.2% to 98.8%, and the Vickers micro hardness is as high as Hv (0.5 / 10) 3970 to 4700. High hardness.
Further, similarly to Example 1, a sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure in which alumina was uniformly distributed around cubic boron nitride particles was obtained.
[0123]
Example 6 to Example 7
KCl, BaCl2And TiO and NaF2Then, cubic boron nitride particles (particle size: 0 to 2 μm) are immersed at 900 ° C. for 1 hour by an immersion method (disproportionation reaction method) using a molten salt to which an immersion bath is added by adding ferroalloy (Fe—Ti). The surface of the cubic boron nitride particles is coated with titanium nitride (TiN) / titanium diboride (TiB).2) Was added 5% by volume by internal addition. Further, this surface was coated with the apparatus of Example 1 under substantially the same conditions as in Example 1, and cubic boron nitride particles coated with 45% to 35% by volume of alumina were obtained. . Sintering was performed at 1500 MPa and 1300 ° C. for 3 to 6 hours, and sintering was performed in the same manner as in Examples 3 to 5.
When the crystal phases of the sintered bodies of Examples 6 to 7 were examined by powder X-ray diffraction, cubic boron nitride, titanium nitride, titanium diboride and α-type alumina were observed, and the other diffraction peaks were as follows. Not detected. In both Examples 6 and 7, it was difficult to form a polished surface when preparing a polished surface for hardness measurement, and the wear resistance was high. In both Examples 6 and 7, it is considered that the wear resistance is increased by forming the titanium nitride / titanium diboride coating film by dip coating.
As shown in Table 1, the sintered body is very dense with a density of 98.5% to 99.0%, and the Vickers microhardness is Hv (0.5 / 10) 4030 to 4780, which is very high hardness. Met.
Further, similarly to Example 1, a sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure in which binders composed of titanium nitride, titanium diboride and α-type alumina were uniformly distributed around cubic boron nitride was obtained. .
[0124]
Example 8
Using the apparatus of Example 1, coating was performed under substantially the same conditions as in Example 1 to obtain coated cubic boron nitride particles coated with PSZ at 40% by volume. Thereafter, sintering was performed in the same manner as in Example 7.
When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, only diffraction peaks of cubic boron nitride and monoclinic zirconium oxide and tetragonal zirconium oxide constituting PSZ were observed. A diffraction peak was not observed.
As shown in Table 1, the sintered body had a density of 99.8% and was very dense, and the Vickers microhardness was Hv (0.5 / 10) 2300, which was very high.
Further, similarly to Example 1, a sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure in which PSZ of the binder was uniformly distributed around the cubic boron nitride particles was obtained.
[0125]
Example 9
In the same manner as in Examples 6 to 7, titanium nitride (TiN) / titanium diboride (TiB) was obtained by an immersion method using molten salt.2) On the surface of the coated cubic boron nitride powder particles (particle size: 0 to 2 μm) soaked 5% in volume by internal addition, using the apparatus of Example 1, substantially the same as in Example 8. Coating was performed under the same conditions to obtain coated cubic boron nitride particles coated with 45% PSZ by volume. Sintering was performed in the same manner as in Example 8 at 1500 MPa and 1300 ° C. for 3 hours.
When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, diffraction peaks of monoclinic zirconium oxide and tetragonal zirconium oxide constituting cubic boron nitride, titanium nitride, titanium diboride, and PSZ were observed. No other diffraction peak was observed.
As shown in Table 1, the sintered body had a density of 99.8% and was very dense, and the Vickers micro hardness was Hv (0.5 / 10) 2100, which was very high.
Further, as in Example 1, a sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure in which binders made of titanium nitride, titanium diboride and PSZ were uniformly distributed around cubic boron nitride was obtained.
[0126]
Examples 10 to 11
In the same manner as in Example 1 and Example 2, the mixing ratio of the cubic boron nitride particles coated with 50% to 70% by volume of alumina obtained by coating alumina and the SiC whisker is determined by volume. 90:10, and mixed in acetone for 2 hours using a ball mill made of alumina. Then 10-6The mixture was vacuum dried at torr, 200 ° C.
Subsequently, the capsules are encapsulated in the same manner as in the production methods of Example 1 and Example 2, and then sintered for 3 hours at a sintering temperature of 1200 ° C. and a sintering pressure of 150 MPa to 1000 MPa using an HIP apparatus and an ultrahigh pressure HIP apparatus. I concluded.
When the crystal phases of the sintered bodies of Examples 10 to 11 were examined by X-ray diffraction, no diffraction peaks other than cubic boron nitride, α-type alumina, and silicon carbide were observed.
As shown in Table 1, the sintered body has a density of 95.0% to 96.0% and is very dense, and the Vickers microhardness is very high as Hv (0.5 / 10) 2780 to 3560. High hardness.
Further, a sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure in which the surroundings of the cubic boron nitride particles coated with SiC whiskers are uniformly dispersed, and further, the binder alumina is uniformly distributed around the cubic boron nitride particles. was gotten.
[0127]
Example 12
Coating was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1 using the apparatus of Example 1 to obtain coated cubic boron nitride particles coated with 53% alumina by volume. Further, the surface of the SiC whisker was coated with titanium carbide (TiC) as a target, and the amount added by internal addition was 33% by a sputtering method. The mixing ratio of both was 85:15, and the mixture was mixed in the same manner as in Examples 10 to 11 and dried. Next, sintering was performed in the same manner as in Example 9.
When the crystal phase of the sintered body was examined by powder X-ray diffraction, no diffraction peaks other than cubic boron nitride, α-type alumina, silicon carbide and titanium carbide were observed.
As shown in Table 1, the sintered body had a density of 98.7% and was very dense, and the Vickers microhardness was Hv (0.5 / 10) 3400, which was very high.
The sintered body is uniformly controlled around the cubic boron nitride particles coated with SiC whiskers coated with TiC, and the binder alumina is uniformly distributed around the cubic boron nitride particles. A sintered body having a fine structure was obtained.
[0128]
[Table 1]
Figure 0003948632
[0129]
【The invention's effect】
According to the present invention, a core particle powder composed of fine particles of high-pressure boron nitride having a volume-based frequency distribution and an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air, and the particles of the dispersed core particle powder are dispersed with a dispersity β. The coated high-pressure boron nitride particles or particles coated with the coating-forming material on the surface in a single-particle state by contacting or colliding with the coating-forming material precursor in a dispersed state in which is 70% or more. Sintering the mixture containing ultra-high pressure of less than 2000 MPa and high-pressure boron nitride not exceeding 1850 ° C. under sintering conditions that are not thermodynamically stable but metastable at pressure and temperature. In addition, a high-performance coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body having a highly controlled microstructure that is strongly sintered is obtained, so that an ultra-high pressure generator for generating an ultra-high pressure of 2000 MPa or more is obtained. Use system The above disadvantages are eliminated. In particular, when an HIP apparatus other than an ultrahigh pressure HIP apparatus or an ultrahigh pressure HIP apparatus is used, there is a great merit in industrial production, such as the production of a sintered body having a more complicated shape.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a pressure / temperature diagram showing a stable region of high-pressure boron nitride.
FIG. 2 is a distribution diagram of powder particles, where (a) represents the dispersity β, and (b) represents the particle size D.1~ D2The particle size of the powder in which the range of particles occupies 90% by volume versus the volume-based frequency is expressed.
FIGS. 3A to 3C are block diagrams showing the basic configuration of a fine particle high dispersion processing means group.
FIGS. 4A to 4G are block diagrams for explaining the configuration of the fine particle high dispersion processing means group in more detail.
FIGS. 5A to 5E are views showing an aspect in which coating of core particle powder is started.
6A to 6G are block diagrams illustrating the configuration of an apparatus for producing coated high-pressure boron nitride particles.
7 is a diagram showing an apparatus used in Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of a portion of the apparatus used in the first embodiment.
9 is a scanning electron micrograph of the coated cubic boron nitride particles obtained in Example 1. FIG.
10 is an electron micrograph of the polished surface of the sintered body of Example 1. FIG.
FIG. 11 is an electron micrograph of a polished surface of a commercially available cubic boron nitride sintered body tool.
12 shows an apparatus used in Example 2. FIG.
13 is a partially enlarged view of the apparatus used in Example 2. FIG.
14 shows an apparatus used in Example 3. FIG.
15 is a partially enlarged view of the apparatus used in Example 3. FIG.

Claims (8)

高圧型窒化硼素の微粒子からなる、芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に同微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であってその表面が被覆形成物質で被覆されたものを焼結して高圧型窒化硼素焼結体を製造する方法において、
この被覆形成物質で被覆された高圧型窒化硼素粒子は、芯粒子粉体を被覆空間に投入し、気相を経て生成する被覆形成物質前駆体及び/又は気相状態の被覆形成物質前駆体を、この芯粒子粉体の粒子に接触及び/又は衝突させて、芯粒子粉体の粒子の表面が被覆形成物質で被覆され、
(A)分散手段として、この芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させる、撹拌式分散機、エジェクター式分散機、細管分散機よりなる分散手段を有する微粒子高分散処理手段群により、体積基準頻度分布で平均粒子径が10μm以下の微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子を、気中に分散させて高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物とする分散工程、
(B)この分散工程で分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子を、被覆空間の被覆開始領域に、全粒子の重量に対する見かけの一次粒子状態の粒子の重量の割合である分散度βが70%以上の分散状態で、被覆工程に直接放出し、被覆形成物質前駆体と接触及び/又は衝突させる被覆工程、並びに
(C)この被覆工程によって得た被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子を含む混合物を2000MPa未満の圧力、及び1850℃を越えない高圧型窒化硼素が熱力学的に安定ではないが準安定な圧力、温度の焼結条件において焼結する焼結工程と
を備えることを特徴とする被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法。
High-pressure nitriding by sintering core particle powder particles made of high-pressure boron nitride fine particles or core particle powder particles mainly made of the same fine particles, the surface of which is coated with a coating-forming substance In the method for producing a boron sintered body,
The high-pressure boron nitride particles coated with this coating forming material are prepared by introducing a core forming powder into a coating space and forming a coating forming material precursor and / or a coating forming material precursor in a gas phase state through a gas phase. The surface of the core particle powder particles is coated with a coating-forming substance by contacting and / or colliding with the core particle powder particles,
(A) As a dispersion means, a volume-based high-dispersion treatment means group having a dispersion means comprising a stirring-type disperser, an ejector-type disperser, and a thin tube disperser for dispersing the particles of the core particle powder in the air Fine particle core particle powder particles having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less in a frequency distribution or core particle powder particles mainly composed of fine particles are dispersed in the air to obtain a particle / gas mixture of highly dispersed core particle powder. Dispersion process,
(B) The degree of dispersity β, which is the ratio of the apparent primary particle weight of the particles of the core particle powder dispersed in this dispersion step to the coating start region of the coating space, is 70%. In the above dispersion state, the coating step is directly discharged into the coating step to contact and / or collide with the coating forming material precursor, and (C) a mixture containing the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles obtained by this coating step is less than 2000 MPa. And a sintering process in which high-pressure boron nitride not exceeding 1850 ° C. is sintered thermodynamically but under metastable pressure and temperature sintering conditions. A method of manufacturing a boron nitride sintered body.
前記被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、
被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子の集合塊を解砕及び/又は破砕する工程及び/又は
この被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子集合塊と一次粒子単位の被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子とを選択分離する選択分離工程
を更に経て調製されたものであることを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法。
The coated high-pressure boron nitride particles are
A step of pulverizing and / or crushing the aggregate of coated high-pressure boron nitride particles and / or a selective separation step of selectively separating the coated high-pressure boron nitride particle aggregate from the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles in units of primary particles. The method for producing a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body according to claim 1, wherein the method is further prepared.
前記芯粒子粉体の粒子が、溶融塩浴を用いる浸漬法により、浸漬法に由来する被覆物質で一層以上被覆された、微粒子芯粒子粉体の粒子又は主に微粒子からなる芯粒子粉体の粒子であることを特徴とする、請求項1、又は請求項2に記載の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法。  The core particle powder particles are coated with one or more coating materials derived from the immersion method by an immersion method using a molten salt bath, or a core particle powder mainly composed of fine particles. The method for producing a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the method is a particle. 被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする分散性能を有する微粒子高分散処理手段群による分散工程の一部以上と前記被覆工程の一部以上とを、空間を一部以上共有して行うことにより調製することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法。  In the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, the core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, and the dispersion degree β of the particles of the core particle powder is determined. It is characterized in that it is prepared by carrying out at least a part of the dispersion process by the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group having a dispersion performance of 70% or more and a part or more of the coating process by sharing a part of the space. The method for producing a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body according to claim 1. 被覆高圧型窒化硼素粒子が、平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により気中に分散させて、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする空間領域の内の、高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物中の芯粒子粉体の粒子の全ての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめるか、又は平均粒子径が10μm以下の芯粒子粉体を、微粒子高分散処理手段群の最終処理により、気中に分散させて、その芯粒子粉体の粒子の分散度βを70%以上とする空間領域の内の、回収手段の回収部に回収する全ての粒子が通過する面を含む空間領域に、被覆空間の被覆開始領域を位置せしめることにより調製されることを特徴とする、請求項1又は請求項4に記載の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法。  In the coated high-pressure boron nitride particles, the core particle powder having an average particle size of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, and the dispersion degree β of the particles of the core particle powder is determined. A coating start region of the coating space in a spatial region including a surface through which all of the particles of the core particle powder in the particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder in the space region of 70% or more pass. Or a core particle powder having an average particle diameter of 10 μm or less is dispersed in the air by the final treatment of the fine particle high dispersion treatment means group, and the dispersity β of the particles of the core particle powder is 70. % Of the space area that is equal to or greater than%, and is prepared by positioning the coating start area of the coating space in a space area that includes a surface through which all the particles collected in the collection unit of the collection means pass. The coated high-pressure type nitrogen according to claim 1 or claim 4. Process for the preparation of boron sintered body. 使用する、芯粒子粉体の粒子の粒度分布が、平均粒子径をDMとしたとき、体積基準頻度分布で(〔DM/5,5DM〕,≧90%)であることを特徴とする、請求項1、請求項4、又は請求項5に記載の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法。Using the particle size distribution of the particles in the powder of core particles is, when the average particle diameter is D M, and characterized by a volume standard frequency distribution ([D M / 5,5D M], ≧ 90%) A method for producing a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body according to claim 1, claim 4, or claim 5. 分散手段が、さらに、芯粒子粉体の粒子を気中に分散させた芯粒子粉体の粒子と気体との混合物において低分散芯粒子粉体部分を分離し、芯粒子粉体の粒子が主に単一粒子状態で気中に存在する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物を選択する高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段と、この高分散芯粒子粉体の粒子・気体混合物選択手段により選択分離された低分散芯粒子粉体部分を準微粒子高分散処理手段群中の分散手段の内の最終分散手段及び/又は最終分散手段以前の処理手段に搬送するフィードバック手段を有することを特徴とする、請求項1ないし請求項6に記載の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法。  The dispersing means further separates the low-dispersion core particle powder part in the mixture of the core particle powder particles and the gas in which the core particle powder particles are dispersed in the air, and the core particle powder particles are mainly used. A highly dispersed core particle powder particle / gas mixture selection means for selecting a particle / gas mixture of the highly dispersed core particle powder existing in the air in a single particle state, A feedback means for conveying the low dispersion core particle powder portion selectively separated by the gas mixture selection means to the final dispersion means in the dispersion means in the quasi-fine particle high dispersion treatment means group and / or the processing means before the final dispersion means; The method for producing a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising: 請求項1ないし請求項7に記載の被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体の製造法により製造した被覆高圧型窒化硼素焼結体。  A coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body produced by the method for producing a coated high-pressure boron nitride sintered body according to claim 1.
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JP7013062B1 (en) * 2021-10-14 2022-01-31 株式会社クリエイティブコーティングス Powder film formation method and equipment
WO2024048375A1 (en) * 2022-08-30 2024-03-07 デンカ株式会社 Boron nitride powder and resin composition
WO2024048376A1 (en) * 2022-08-30 2024-03-07 デンカ株式会社 Boron nitride particle, boron nitride particle production method, and resin composition

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