EP0441240A1 - Kerze od.dgl. und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung - Google Patents

Kerze od.dgl. und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0441240A1
EP0441240A1 EP91101262A EP91101262A EP0441240A1 EP 0441240 A1 EP0441240 A1 EP 0441240A1 EP 91101262 A EP91101262 A EP 91101262A EP 91101262 A EP91101262 A EP 91101262A EP 0441240 A1 EP0441240 A1 EP 0441240A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wick
wax
candle
attachment
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91101262A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hans-Ludwig Schirneker
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SCHIRNECKER HANS LUDWIG
Original Assignee
SCHIRNECKER HANS LUDWIG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE9001271U external-priority patent/DE9001271U1/de
Priority claimed from DE19904017383 external-priority patent/DE4017383A1/de
Application filed by SCHIRNECKER HANS LUDWIG filed Critical SCHIRNECKER HANS LUDWIG
Publication of EP0441240A1 publication Critical patent/EP0441240A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F21LIGHTING
    • F21SNON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
    • F21S13/00Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a point-like light source; Non-electric lighting devices or systems employing a light source of unspecified shape
    • F21S13/12Devices intended to be free-standing, e.g. table lamp, floor lamp

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a candle or the like, which has a body consisting of a solid material at room temperature such as wax or paraffin and a fuel element such as a wick.
  • the invention also relates to a method for producing such candles.
  • candle When the term candle is used here, it generally means any lighting element which has a wick for a light-emitting flame, which is supplied by fuel which is liquid by the supply of heat but is solid at room temperature.
  • the candle can also be part of a lantern or other luminous element, the light of which is supplied by an open flame.
  • Known candles have a body made of wax or paraffin, into which a textile wick penetrating in the longitudinal direction is drawn or inserted and which has a hard wax layer on the outside in order to prevent the wax or paraffin liquefied by the flame from leaking out.
  • a textile wick penetrating in the longitudinal direction is drawn or inserted and which has a hard wax layer on the outside in order to prevent the wax or paraffin liquefied by the flame from leaking out.
  • Such candles do not burn completely, as already mentioned above. Rather, there is always an unburned remnant of the candle, often at least about Accounts for 10% of the original candle body and must be discarded.
  • the manufacture of such candles is relatively expensive because of the textile wick penetrating them and the hard wax coating.
  • the known candles burn irregularly with regard to the height of their flame. Setting or changing the flame height is practically not possible.
  • the object of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of known lanterns and, in particular, known candles and to create a candle according to the definition mentioned at the outset which can burn off without residue, uniformly and with a calm flame, with no restrictions on the burning time and being inexpensive Manufacturing is possible.
  • the invention provides a candle which can also be used as a lantern, whose body made of wax or paraffin does not necessarily require an outer coating of hard wax to prevent leakage and in which the wick does not have to penetrate this body completely, although this is not excluded is. It is essential that the body consisting of solid fuel such as wax or paraffin at room temperature is designed in such a way that it is possible to plug or plug together with other bodies of the same type, so that a body of the candle or the like consisting of solid fuel at room temperature is completely complete burn off and without interruption a similar body placed underneath in time that can deliver liquefied fuel or fuel. According to the invention, a uniform and practically residue-free erosion is achieved.
  • the fuel element of the candle according to the invention is preferably designed as a floatable wick holder, that is to say no textile wick is provided which penetrates the entire body consisting of wax or paraffin in the longitudinal direction, but rather a wick holder with a permanent fire wick which is applied to the upper end of the wax or Paraffin body is placed and floats on the liquefied fuel or fuel and is always supplied with fuel and sinks with the wax or paraffin body which shortens during the combustion.
  • the wick holder can have a short wick, a wick ball, a wick cone, a wick cylinder or a wick disk.
  • the attachment can consist of plastic, glass, porcelain, metal etc. and preferably contains a heat-conducting ring, preferably made of metal.
  • This heat-conducting ring can be conical on the inside and have a smaller diameter in the upper region than the body made of wax or paraffin, for example a 1 mm smaller inner diameter.
  • a holder for a long-term wick of any design, which preferably consists of inorganic material, can be arranged above this heat-conducting ring.
  • This wick holder can be supported, for example, on an inclined plane of the attachment, so that height adjustment is possible.
  • the inner diameter of the lower end of the attachment is adapted to the outer diameter of the body of the candle, which is made of wax or paraffin, with a certain margin.
  • a screen can be placed on or attached to the top so that the flame is protected against
  • the stand serving as a holder for the candle can be made of a wide variety of materials and can have a wide variety of shapes. In any case, it is expedient if it has an opening or receptacle suitable for the body of the candle consisting of wax or paraffin.
  • wax body is largely used up, another similar wax body can be inserted under the first one without the flame having to be extinguished.
  • the plug connection between two wax bodies does not interfere with the perfect burning.
  • the umbrella-like cover serving as wind protection should be kept light in weight.
  • it can consist of air-permeable glass wool fleece and aluminum sheet.
  • a wick suitable for permanent fire can consist of glass wool fleece with sheet metal or wire insert. After lighting, this insert quickly dissipates heat downwards, so that enough wax thaws and is sucked in to let the flame burn.
  • the insert also gives the wick greater stability.
  • wick balls, wick cylinders, wick cones or wick disks made of plaster, chalk, glass wool, slag wool and the like, i.e. made of porous material.
  • the uppermost or first used wax body can be designed at its upper end so that the wick holder is surrounded by wax with its wick and accordingly there is sufficient wax in the immediate vicinity of the wick which is available for the first thawing when it is started up.
  • the wick holder can also be embedded or cast into the wax body.
  • the wax or paraffin body to be burned off first has to have part of a plug connection at the lower end
  • the subsequent fuel material bodies each have part of a two-part plug connection both at the upper and at the lower end. In this way an endlessly burning candle can be formed from individual fuel bodies.
  • the fuel bodies can also each contain a continuous cotton wick.
  • the arrangement of the wicks in the fuel bodies is then selected such that the flame can pass seamlessly from the wick of one fuel body to the wick of the subsequent fuel body. This is achieved in that the wick ends of the assembled fuel body lie close together, so that the flame is temporarily fed by two wicks during the transition from one fuel body to the following, inserted fuel body.
  • the height of the flame can be regulated by means of an attachment or a tubular grommet or an attachment ring enclosing the upper end of the candle, as well as preventing leakage or leakage of liquefied fuel such as wax without the fuel body being coated with a hard wax for this purpose should be provided.
  • the wind light shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 consists of a base 17, two wax bodies 15, an attachment 1 and a windshield 10.
  • the attachment 1 consists of two parts which are connected to one another by a heat-conducting ring 2.
  • a wick holder 6 with a wick 7 is accommodated in the upper part of the attachment 1.
  • the wick holder 6 is supported with four wire ends on inclined surfaces located in the attachment 1.
  • One of the four wire ends of the wick holder 6 is bent upwards and serves as an adjusting lever 8.
  • the four wires of the wick holder 6 are held together in the center by a helical spring, so that paraffin to the wick 7, which is inserted in the center, is constantly between the individual gears of the spring , can flow.
  • the attachment 1 can be made of flame-retardant plastic, porcelain, glass, metal or the like. exist and is covered with an end ring 3, mainly as flame protection for the attachment 1.
  • an end ring 3 mainly as flame protection for the attachment 1.
  • openings 5 are provided, which are used for cooling and also for decoration.
  • an end ring 4 is provided which corresponds to the outside diameter of the wax body 15 with some play in the inside diameter.
  • the heat-conducting ring 2 is kept conical on the inside and is somewhat smaller in diameter in the upper part than the wax body 15.
  • the wax bodies 15 have a plug connection 16 at their ends and are inserted into one another.
  • the lower wax body 15 is inserted into the base 17 with a firm fit.
  • a hole is provided in which a wick cleaner 18 is housed.
  • a detachable windshield 10 is placed on the top 1 and is covered at the top and bottom with a cover 11, 12.
  • a plurality of air inlet openings 13 are provided in the lower cover 12 and a hot air outlet opening 14 in the upper cover 11.
  • the actual screen 10 or the like can be made of air-permeable glass wool fleece or the like. be made and the cover 11, 12 made of aluminum sheet. It is important that the entire screen is kept light.
  • FIG. 3 also consists of an attachment 19, wax bodies 27 and a base 29.
  • a heat-conducting ring 20 is arranged, which is provided with an undercut 26.
  • the wax of the upper wax body 27 becomes warm at the upper end and expands somewhat and thereby penetrates the backward rotation 26. If the wind light on the attachment 19 is now raised, the upper wax body 27 does not detach from the attachment 19, so that the liquid wax in the upper part of the attachment 19 cannot run out.
  • the wick holder consists of a perforated disc 23 on which a pipe socket 24 with a longitudinal slot is arranged.
  • An absorbent material such as glass wool is introduced into the pipe socket 24 of the wick holder.
  • a ball 25 consisting of glass wool, chalk, plaster or the like, is placed, which serves as a wick.
  • the holes and the slot in the disk 23 and the pipe socket 24 of the wick holder are necessary for the unimpeded inflow of the liquefied paraffin. If liquid paraffin is not up to the wick ball 25 placed on it, the glass wool insert ensures that enough wax is sucked in and passed on to the wick ball 25. In the event of an impact on the lantern, the ball 25 immediately falls down into the liquid wax, so that the flame extinguishes.
  • the top 19 is provided at the bottom with guide wires 22, which have the task of keeping the top 19 in a vertical position when it drops, but they also serve for decoration.
  • the upper and lower wax bodies 27 are connected to one another with a plug connection 28. A slightly deeper opening for the wax body 27 is made in the base 29, so that further balls 30 serving as a wick can be accommodated as a reserve.
  • the wick balls 25 do not need to be cleaned. If they have residues, they are simply replaced with a new wick ball 25.
  • FIG. 4 shows a wind light which has an attachment 31, a wax body 41 and a base 43.
  • a heat-conducting ring 32 and a height-adjustable wick holder 34 are attached in the attachment 31.
  • the wick holder is supported on inclined surfaces 45 and can be actuated by an adjusting lever 46.
  • a holding pin 37 is fastened, on which a slotted sleeve 38 with a glass wool insert 35 is attached.
  • a heat-conducting disc 39 is fastened on the sleeve 38.
  • a wick cylinder 36 which contains a central bore, is slipped onto the upper end of the holding pin 37.
  • the wick cylinder 36 is conical at the top to facilitate lighting and can be made of plaster, chalk, glass wool, slag wool or the like. consist.
  • the lower part of the attachment 31 is adapted to the wax body diameter at the bottom in the inner diameter with some leeway.
  • the wax bodies 41 are provided with plug connections 42 and inserted into the base 43 at the bottom. In the base 43, the plug opening is made a little deeper so that additional wick cylinders 44 can be accommodated as replacements.
  • the attachment 31 is provided at the bottom with a plurality of locking springs 40, which prevent the attachment of the attachment 31 from the wax body 41 when it is lifted.
  • the wick cylinder 36 is impregnated with wax and lit, heat is first passed downward through the wick holding pin 37 and the glass wool insert 35, which is also impregnated with wax, is heated and wax is liquid, so that enough wax for the combustion for the next few seconds Available.
  • the sleeve 38 is also heated with the heat-conducting disc 39, so that further wax is thawed, which can reach the glass wool insert 35 through the slot in the sleeve 38 and is sucked into the wick cylinder 36. With this device it is possible that the flame stays on for the first critical minutes after lighting.
  • the wax also melts within the heat-conducting ring 32 on the contact surface. Since the heat-conducting ring 32 now becomes slightly warmer in the upper region, the wax is thinner here, whereas it remains pasty in the lower region of the ring, so that the melting wax can only escape upwards and not run downwards.
  • FIG. 5 shows a wind light in which a glass cylinder is provided as attachment 62, into which a heat-conducting ring 63 with a sealing ring 64 and with inclined surfaces 69 is inserted.
  • a rotatable sleeve holder 66 with adjusting lever 68 and wick guide sleeve 67 is placed on the inclined surfaces 69.
  • the wick 71 of the upper wax body 70 is inserted through the sleeve 67 and is thereby held in a vertical position.
  • an end ring 65 which is used for guidance, is attached.
  • the two wax bodies 70 are connected to one another with a conically held plug connection 72.
  • the lower plug connection 72 is inserted into a base 74.
  • conical wick openings 72 are provided, into the wall of which the wicks 71 are each pressed in, so that when a new wax body 70 is placed below, the freely protruding end 75 of the wick finds space and thus lies next to the pressed-in wick end of the wax body above it. If this connection point or plug connection now comes into the firing zone, the wick 71 of the upper burning wax body 70 ignites the wick 71 of the wax body inserted underneath.
  • the wax body 70 with wick 71 described above can also be plugged together and burned off without attachment 62, but in this case the wax body 70 should be provided with a hard wax layer on the outside.
  • the wick only protrudes from the wax by a specified length and therefore a too large flame that tends to soot cannot arise.
  • An overflow and dripping of liquid wax is impossible.
  • the flame can be adjusted in height. A complete burning of the wax is achieved. There is little risk of fire due to a slight drop in the ball of the wick and thereby extinguishing the flame.
  • no wick pocket is released into the room during combustion. If a wax body becomes smaller and therefore visually less attractive due to the burnup, a new wax body can be placed underneath.
  • FIG. 6 A wind light is shown in FIG. 6, in which the attachment 76 consists of only one piece. It can be made of glass, porcelain, melamine or the like. be made and is provided at the top with a constriction, which is about 1 mm smaller in diameter in the narrowest part than the wax body 79, so that a support cone 77 is formed. At the bottom of the attachment 76 there is a constriction 78 which is slightly larger in diameter than the wax body 79.
  • the wax bodies 79 are provided with a wick 80, plug connection 81, wick opening 82 and the above wick end 83 and inserted into a stand 84.
  • the firing zone is deeper in this version, so that the wax body 79 burns hollow at the level of the support cone 77 and the attachment 76 only sinks when the wax on the contact surface of the support cone 77 has become thin enough and dodges inwards. The wax does not melt from the support cone 77, but is pushed inwards.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable for candles or wax bodies 79 with a small diameter. A commercially available candle can also be used with this attachment, but the diameter must be adjusted and the base should have a base cylinder. If the attachment is made of plastic, it is appropriate to attach an upper end ring 3, 21, 33, 56, which lines the entire interior of the attachment 76 at the level of the firing zone in order to reduce the risk of fire.
  • the wind light 123 shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 has a base 124 designed as a base onto which a cylindrical screen 125 made of fire-resistant and air-permeable nonwoven material is attached.
  • a candle 126 which has a smaller outside diameter than the inside diameter of the screen 125, stands on the base 124 within the screen 125.
  • a hexagonal spacer ring 127 On the upper end of the candle 126 is a hexagonal spacer ring 127 in plan, which ensures that the upper end of the candle is centered on the screen 125 and the flame 122 does not come into contact with the wall of the screen 125.
  • the spacer ring 127 Since the spacer ring 127 is hexagonal on the outside, it is supported only at six points against the inside of the cylindrical screen 125, so that air can flow within the screen over the outside of the spacer ring 127.
  • the inner opening 128 of the spacer ring 127 is stepped and consists of three sections 129, 130 and 131, as can be seen in FIG. While the upper and lower sections 129 and 131 are cylindrical, the central section 130 forms an approximately conical transition.
  • the upper section 129 has a smaller inner diameter than the outer diameter of the candle 126, while the lower section 131 has an inner diameter that corresponds to the outer diameter of the candle 126.
  • the spacer ring 127 can be firmly attached to the upper end of the candle 126 in such a way that it protrudes slightly above the upper end of the candle 126 and includes molten wax which accumulates there, so that it cannot leak even if the wind light is slightly oblique when it is moved should be kept.
  • the candle 126 When the candle 126 burns up, it heats up, for example made of metal or possibly. also made of plastic spacer ring 127 and moves down with the flame of the shorter candle. It is passed through its lower section 131 on the candle and with the tips of the outer hexagon on the inside of the screen 125, so that it cannot tilt.
  • the spacer ring 127 can be extended at its upper end by a transparent annular projection, not shown here, so that spilling over of liquid wax is additionally made more difficult without the view of the flame being reduced thereby.
  • the candle 200 shown in FIG. 9 has a cylindrical body 201 made of wax or paraffin, which is inserted into a corresponding conical opening 203 of a holder 204 with a conical projection 202 provided at the lower end.
  • This holder is provided with a base plate 205 and a shell 206 arranged thereon, which are screwed onto the holder 204 by means of a screw 207.
  • a tapered cap 208 is removably disposed between the holder 204 and the body 201 of the candle, which can be used to extinguish the flame of the candle 201, so that there is no annoying emission of smoke and soot when extinguished.
  • This conical cap is kept in the position shown in FIG. 9 so that it is always readily available.
  • a pin 209 is fastened centrally in the holder 204, which protrudes into a central bore 210 of the body 201 and serves to hold the flame up and to prevent the wick holder from sinking further before another candle body 201 has been inserted.
  • annular or cuff-shaped attachment 211 is fitted thereon, which has downward-pointing finger-like extensions 212, which serve as guides and lie against the outer surface of the cylindrical body 201 with a sliding fit.
  • the ring-shaped or cuff-like attachment 211 also contains an inward-pointing heat-conducting ring 218, which is also intended to prevent molten paraffin or wax from leaking out.
  • the candle 219 shown in FIG. 10 is put together from two bodies 220, each of which consists of fuel, such as wax or paraffin, which is solid at normal room temperature.
  • Each of these bodies 220 has an inwardly curved annular recess 221 with a central pin 222 at the lower end, while each body 220 has a corresponding upstanding annular projection 223 with a central recess 224 at the upper end, so that the bodies 220 can be positively inserted into one another 10 shows.
  • Each body 220 has a lower flat footprint 225, so that no holder or special foot is required to set up the candle 219.
  • the bodies 220 each contain a continuous central bore 226 into which a centering pin 227 is inserted, on which the wick holder 217 is inserted, which fits into the recess 224 at the upper end of each body 220.
  • the centering pin 227 not only serves to hold the wick holder 217 in the center, but also prevents a body 220 from burning too far. If the centering pin 227 reaches the lower end of a body 220 standing on a base, it finally prevents the wick holder 217 from further sinking, which is thus lifted out of the liquefied fuel and ultimately does not receive enough fuel to continue burning. Rather, the flame will go out in this case if one does not insert a new body 220 beforehand.
  • the wick holder 217 shown in detail in FIGS. 11 and 12 has a floating body 228 with a central bore 229, which is accommodated in a housing 230 made of sheet metal.
  • wick cone 232 made of chalk or other porous material is located on the top of the float 228 .
  • the wick cone includes a central bore 233 to facilitate the upward transport of liquid fuel to the top of the wick cone.
  • the housing 230 is attached to a thin, foil-like disc 234 made of mica, which is practically hexagonal in plan, by means of upstanding and outwardly bent tongues 235 which are inserted through openings 236 in the disc 234 and lie on the top of the disc 234, 11 in particular.
  • the disk 234 also contains a central opening 237 through which the wick cone 232 fits and which also serves to prevent the wick cone 232 which is loosely and replaceably placed on the disk 231 of the float 228 from slipping sideways.
  • the mica disc 234 is designed such that it projects close to the insert ring 214 of the attachment 211 (see FIG. 9) and lies between its flanges 215 and 216. These flanges thus form stops for the wick holder 217, which accordingly cannot pass over the upper edge of the attachment 211 or sink too deeply in the attachment 211.
  • the wick holder 217 contains a free space 238 between the disk 234 made of incombustible material such as mica and the disk 231 made of porous glass fiber fleece resting on the floating body 228, into which molten or liquid fuel such as wax or paraffin can flow to supply fuel or fuel directly to the cylindrical base 239 of the wick cone 232.
  • the fuel can be melted from the body 201 by the flame of the wick cone 232.
  • wax or paraffin in the form of pieces or rings around the wick cone 232 can be placed on the disc 234 for the first supply of the fuel with fuel, which is caused by the flame thawed directly and thus becomes molten.
  • the wick cone 232 Since the wick cone 232 is not in contact with good heat conductors such as metal, the heat emitted by the flame cannot be dissipated quickly either. Rather, the heat of the flame remains in the wick cone 232, which is important for good and residue-free combustion.
  • the end 240 of the wick cone 232 projecting beyond the mica disk 234 is conical, as shown in FIG. 11, which facilitates lighting and also supports residue-free combustion.
  • a reflective metal foil can be placed on the mica disc 234, which covers the disc 234 upwards and serves to reflect the light radiating downward from the flame upwards . If it is dirty, this film can be replaced, just like the wick cone 232 itself can be replaced.
  • a full disk can be arranged between the wick holder 217 and the heat-conducting ring 218, the outside diameter of which is smaller than the inside diameter of the attachment but larger than is the inner diameter of the thermal ring 218.
  • This disc can rest on the heat-conducting ring 218 when the attachment 211 is lifted off and thereby closes the attachment downward, so that nothing can leak.
  • This disc preferably consists of incombustible material and expediently of a material which causes poor heat conduction.
  • this pin can also serve as a centering element in connection with the bore 210 receiving it. in this case a plug connection between a conical extension 201 and a conical opening or recess 203, as shown in FIG. 9, is not required.
  • the finger-like extensions 212 of the attachment 211 not only provide guidance, but also center the largely burnt-off body 201 with respect to a fresh body 201 inserted underneath, provided the length of the pin 209 and the length of the finger-like extensions 212 are correspondingly coordinated with one another .
  • the attachment 211 with the burning candle or the burning fuel bodies 201 can sink uniformly and also perform a centering function with respect to further bodies 201 inserted, it is necessary that the individual bodies 201 made of fuel have a uniform outer diameter. This cannot be achieved by the known manufacture of candles or candle bodies by dipping, because the tolerances in the outer diameter of dipped candles are too great for this.
  • the wick holder 217 has a wick cone 232, a plurality of wicks such as wick cones can also be arranged on it, if the diameter of the candle so requires.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Cosmetics (AREA)
EP91101262A 1990-02-05 1991-01-31 Kerze od.dgl. und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung Withdrawn EP0441240A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9001271U 1990-02-05
DE9001271U DE9001271U1 (de) 1990-02-05 1990-02-05 Windlicht od.dgl.
DE19904017383 DE4017383A1 (de) 1990-05-30 1990-05-30 Windlicht oder dergleichen
DE4017383 1990-05-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0441240A1 true EP0441240A1 (de) 1991-08-14

Family

ID=25893668

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91101262A Withdrawn EP0441240A1 (de) 1990-02-05 1991-01-31 Kerze od.dgl. und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5193994A (fi)
EP (1) EP0441240A1 (fi)
CA (1) CA2035642A1 (fi)
FI (1) FI910522A (fi)
NO (1) NO910388L (fi)

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DE102006004663B4 (de) * 2006-01-31 2008-10-02 Reifenhäuser GmbH & Co. KG Maschinenfabrik Verfahren zum Herstellen von Kerzen
DE102012010860A1 (de) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Maha Alusi Kerze

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US5425633A (en) * 1994-09-29 1995-06-20 Cole; Michael C. Floating combustion apparatus
US5762487A (en) * 1996-09-27 1998-06-09 Coventry Creations, Inc. Decorative candles
US5842850A (en) * 1997-04-09 1998-12-01 Lumi-Lite Candle Company, Inc. Anti-flash wick sustainer and pedestal
US6062847A (en) * 1997-04-09 2000-05-16 Lumi-Lite Candle Company, Inc. Anti-flash wick support
US5927964A (en) * 1997-08-05 1999-07-27 Transmet Corporation Candle with embedded metal particulates
US6264345B1 (en) 1998-06-11 2001-07-24 The Candle Machine Co Drip preventing candle holder with decorative follower providing auxiliary illumination
WO2000037848A1 (en) * 1998-12-21 2000-06-29 The Candle Machine Co. Candle holders and followers for drip prevention, fragrance dispensing and auxiliary illumination
US6261088B1 (en) 1999-02-03 2001-07-17 Chace Candles, Inc. Flame cover
US6220718B1 (en) 1999-08-02 2001-04-24 Gary D. Burgess Floating candles
US7442036B2 (en) 2004-09-10 2008-10-28 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Candle assembly and wick holder with improved capillary well for ensuring sustainable relight
US7413435B2 (en) 2004-09-10 2008-08-19 S. C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Fuel delivery method for melting plate candle
US7497685B2 (en) * 2005-07-20 2009-03-03 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Wick-holder assembly
US20060084021A1 (en) * 2004-09-10 2006-04-20 Kubicek Chris A Wick holder
US7922482B2 (en) * 2000-12-22 2011-04-12 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Candle and wick holder therefor
US20030211436A1 (en) * 2002-05-07 2003-11-13 Gregory Desmond Candlestick
US6863525B2 (en) * 2002-09-09 2005-03-08 Ralph Dwayne Byrd Safety candle and method of forming same
US7467944B2 (en) 2004-02-17 2008-12-23 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Candle assembly including a fuel element and a wick holder
US7654822B2 (en) 2005-07-15 2010-02-02 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Candle assembly including a fuel element with a locating recess and a melting plate with a locating protrusion
US7607915B2 (en) * 2004-09-10 2009-10-27 S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Heat exchange method for melting plate candle
US20060204915A1 (en) * 2005-03-11 2006-09-14 Metzler Hal W Candle accessory
CN101715530B (zh) * 2008-04-04 2015-05-13 萨尔·奈特 蜡烛燃烧装置
US8668492B2 (en) * 2009-04-16 2014-03-11 Jacqueline Elaine Carroll Removable wick
US8297807B1 (en) * 2011-03-23 2012-10-30 Ching-Chao Chen Elevation adjustable window candle
US10119702B2 (en) * 2015-08-27 2018-11-06 CM Almy & Son, Inc. Candle lamp
TWI659097B (zh) * 2017-07-04 2019-05-11 林國元 懸浮式燭芯載具

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DE102012010860A1 (de) * 2012-05-29 2013-12-05 Maha Alusi Kerze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO910388L (no) 1991-08-06
CA2035642A1 (en) 1991-08-06
NO910388D0 (no) 1991-02-01
FI910522A0 (fi) 1991-02-04
FI910522A (fi) 1991-08-06
US5193994A (en) 1993-03-16

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