EP0384552B1 - Procédé de commande d'un disjoncteur de puissance - Google Patents

Procédé de commande d'un disjoncteur de puissance Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0384552B1
EP0384552B1 EP90250033A EP90250033A EP0384552B1 EP 0384552 B1 EP0384552 B1 EP 0384552B1 EP 90250033 A EP90250033 A EP 90250033A EP 90250033 A EP90250033 A EP 90250033A EP 0384552 B1 EP0384552 B1 EP 0384552B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
tripping
contact pieces
control device
power circuit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP90250033A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0384552A2 (fr
EP0384552A3 (fr
Inventor
Peter Dr. Huhse
Horst Dr. Kopplin
Joachim Dr. Niewisch
Josef Trott
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0384552A2 publication Critical patent/EP0384552A2/fr
Publication of EP0384552A3 publication Critical patent/EP0384552A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0384552B1 publication Critical patent/EP0384552B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/593—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point of the ac cycle
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/56—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H2009/566—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle with self learning, e.g. measured delay is used in later actuations
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H2033/6665—Details concerning the mounting or supporting of the individual vacuum bottles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H01H2033/6667—Details concerning lever type driving rod arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/16—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off"
    • H01H9/168—Indicators for switching condition, e.g. "on" or "off" making use of an electromagnetic wave communication

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a circuit breaker, in particular a vacuum switch, using a tripping control device which, regardless of the time of a command to switch off, causes the opening of the contact pieces at a time which is in a fixed relationship to the zero crossing of the current.
  • a method of this kind is known, for example, from US-A-3,555,354.
  • the purpose of this method is to limit the duration of the arc discharge between the circuit breakers of the circuit breaker as much as possible, and on the other hand to ensure a sufficient contact opening at the time the current passes through zero.
  • the trigger control device detects the flowing current via transducers and obtains periodic pulses therefrom at the zero crossing of the current and in the maximum or minimum of the current curve. Both pulses are fed via a timing element to an AND gate, which can additionally be acted upon by a signal which is derived from the absolute magnitude of the current.
  • the trigger signal emanating from the AND gate arrives in the usual way at a trigger magnet which actuates a valve or a latching arrangement to release the switching mechanism or the switch drive.
  • Vacuum switches in a manner similar to certain types of compressed gas switches, have the property that their switching paths achieve high dielectric strength in an extremely short time after a power interruption. They are therefore particularly prone to so-called multiple re-ignitions in strongly inductive circuits, which represent a rapid sequence of extinguishing and ignition processes between the open contacts. High overvoltages can be associated with this process. In three-phase networks, multiple re-ignitions in the first quenching pole of the circuit breaker can lead to a virtual current cut in the last quenching poles of the circuit breaker, which also creates overvoltages.
  • a circuit breaker is operated using a tripping control unit, it is in principle possible to carry out switching operations without overvoltages even in three-phase networks if the control is carried out in such a way that there is such a distance between the contact pieces in the zero crossing of all poles of the circuit breaker that the arc is influenced the recurring voltage cannot reignite.
  • Such a switching method proves to be extremely difficult to carry out because the so-called opening window, i.e. H. the period in which the switching pieces must be opened in a network with a frequency of 50 Hz has a width of only about 2 ms.
  • Conventional circuit breakers are unable to open with such precision.
  • the mechanical properties of circuit breakers can change over the course of their use to such an extent that they can no longer maintain the opening window after a long period of operation and changed environmental conditions, even if they are suitable for this purpose when new.
  • the invention is based on the object of designing the method for operating a circuit breaker in such a way that changes in properties which occur in the course of the service life of a circuit breaker are automatically taken into account and the opening window can thus be maintained even after a long operating time.
  • this object is achieved in that the tripping control unit receives a measured value of the tripping delay of the circuit breaker from the time the tripping signal is issued to Time of separation of the contact pieces is supplied as a correction variable in a previous switch-off.
  • the delay in triggering is the result of a whole series of mechanical influencing variables, which are difficult to detect individually.
  • the delay in triggering can be determined in different ways with sufficient accuracy with relatively little effort. This creates the possibility of carrying out the switching free of overvoltages, in particular of motor circuits and choke coils with vacuum switches with economically justifiable effort.
  • a circuit breaker is suitable for carrying out the new method, to which a measuring device is assigned to determine the tripping delay, which is set in motion by the receipt of a tripping signal and stopped when the contact pieces are separated, and in that a storage device is provided which Saves the measured value of the tripping delay at least until the next switch-off process.
  • a delay in tripping that is based on a switch-off that has already taken place some time ago may be used as a correction variable for the control of the circuit breaker, it has nevertheless been shown that this procedure is suitable for relatively narrow opening windows to apply when the switch is opened.
  • Both electrical and electromechanical or electronic-mechanical evaluation devices are suitable for measuring the delay in tripping.
  • the occurrence of an arc voltage between the contact pieces can be used as a criterion for the contact separation.
  • the evaluation device for detecting the contact opening can contain a circuit arrangement for measuring the capacitance between the contact pieces. This measuring method too works without contact and therefore does not require any changes to the contact system itself.
  • a drive element which is directly connected to a movable contact piece can be provided with a reflector and an optical waveguide can be fixedly attached opposite it at a short distance, which cooperates at its end facing away from the reflector with a light source and a receiving circuit for reflected light.
  • the trip control unit may supply the temperature of the drive device of the circuit breaker as a further correction variable. This can be done in a relatively simple manner by means of a temperature sensor fitted in the drive housing. If a series of tests is used to determine what influence the temperature has on the delay in tripping, the expected positive or negative deviation from the standard value can be determined by assigning the respective temperature to a standard value of the tripping delay.
  • Another criterion for the mechanical sequence of the switching process is the time that has elapsed since the last switching operation.
  • a regularly used circuit breaker is more likely to hold the value of the delayed tripping once determined in the case of a circuit breaker operated only rarely and possibly only at intervals of months or years. This influence can be taken into account by using a suitable correction variable.
  • the time that has elapsed since the last switching operation can be measured, and here, too, tests are to be carried out to determine how the tripping delay changes based on a standard value depending on the downtime.
  • the switching mechanism of circuit breakers is generally released by an electromagnet, which is fed from an auxiliary network. Since the voltage of this auxiliary network can fluctuate and the response speed of the tripping magnet depends on it, the value of the supply voltage of the tripping magnet also has a direct influence on the tripping delay. According to a development of the invention, this influence can also be taken into account in that the supply voltage of the release magnet is fed to the release control device in order to obtain a further correction variable. Likewise, the temperature of the winding of the release magnet can be detected, since the resistance and thus the current through the winding depend on the given voltage.
  • a real-time microprocessor which provides a trigger signal for the circuit breaker by comparison with measured values or standard values taken from a memory.
  • threshold value elements can be provided which, if the current falls below a lower limit or if an upper current exceeds an upper limit, trigger immediately.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the basic arrangement of the components of a circuit breaker.
  • FIG. 2 shows a simplified arrangement for measuring the tripping delay, in which the change in the capacitance of switching elements is evaluated when they are separated.
  • FIG. 3 shows the principle of detecting the point in time at which switching pieces are separated by means of the arc voltage.
  • Figure 4 shows the arrangement of an opto-electronic measuring device for detecting the separation of the contact pieces.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows a drive box of a vacuum circuit breaker with a tripping control device, to which one or more correction variables can optionally be supplied.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of the program sequence when a circuit breaker is tripped using a real-time microprocessor.
  • FIG. 1 shows a three-phase motor 1 which can be switched on and off by means of a three-pole vacuum circuit breaker 2.
  • the symbol for a switching lock denotes a latching device 3, which is responsible for releasing the switching contacts of the circuit breaker 2 for opening.
  • the latching device 3 can only be actuated by a trigger control device 4, which in turn is to be acted upon by a trigger 5 or manually operated command transmitter 6.
  • the trigger control device 4 are supplied with current-dependent signals which are obtained at current transformers 7.
  • the tripping control device 4 contains a storage unit 10 which is used to store at least one measured value for the tripping delay of the circuit breaker 2 during the previous opening is provided.
  • the memory unit 10 can be designed in such a way that it can accommodate both further measured values of the delay in triggering from previous switching operations and additional variables which are essential for the mechanical sequence of the switching operation.
  • FIG. 2 An example of the measurement of the time of opening of the switching elements of the circuit breaker 2 is shown in FIG. 2.
  • a high-frequency measuring voltage from a voltage source 13 is applied to the switching path of the circuit breaker 2 via protective resistors 14 and post insulators 11 and 12, the capacitance of which is shown in dashed lines with the symbol for a capacitor.
  • a voltage with a frequency of 5 MHz is suitable.
  • a high-frequency voltage is taken off at terminals 15 for evaluation. In the course of this high-frequency voltage, a characteristic jump occurs as a result of the change in the capacitance of the measuring circuit as a result of the opening of the switching elements of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the switching elements of a vacuum switch have flat contact surfaces which can be either circular or circular . While there is no capacitance in the closed state of the switching elements, one arises through the formation of a plate capacitor as soon as the switching elements separate from one another. The activation of this capacitance in the measuring circuit is evaluated in an evaluation device 16 provided with a protective device 17 by comparison with the time at which the latching device 3 is released and results in the tripping delay of the circuit breaker 2.
  • FIG. 2 Another example of the measurement of the tripping delay of the circuit breaker 2 is shown schematically in FIG.
  • the voltage across the switching path of the circuit breaker 2 is fed to a measuring device 22.
  • This therefore receives the voltage signal "0" when the switching elements of the circuit breaker 2 are closed and a voltage signal corresponding to the arc voltage when the switching elements of the circuit breaker 2 are opened when current is flowing.
  • the delay in tripping of the circuit breaker 2 results from a comparison of the times at which this arcing voltage occurs and the time at which the switch lock 3 is released.
  • the dashed line connection between the switch lock 3 and the measuring device 22 indicates the comparison of the times mentioned.
  • FIG. 1 shows, partly in section, a vacuum circuit breaker of a known type (cf. DE-B-27 17 958), the switching tubes 25 of which can be actuated by an insulating drive rod 26 each. These drive rods engage via an angle lever 27 on a linearly displaceable support bolt 30 of the movable contact piece 31.
  • this support pin is provided with a reflective marking and a sensor is placed opposite it, a movement of the support pin and thus of the switching element 31 can be determined.
  • FIG. 4 indicates that the light is supplied and the reflection is returned through an optical waveguide 32 which is connected to an evaluation unit 33 consisting of transmitter and receiver.
  • the evaluation unit 33 determines the delay in tripping by comparing the time of a movement of the support bolt 30 with the time of the release of the latching in the drive box of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the evaluation unit 33 can be integrated in the tripping control unit 4 (FIG. 1).
  • FIG. 5 shows a vacuum circuit breaker 2, similar to FIG. 4, partially in section, which has a tripping control unit 4 and sensors for influencing variables which can influence the tripping delay.
  • the trip control unit 4 is housed in the drive box 35 of the circuit breaker 2.
  • the switching tube 25 is held by a ratchet lever 36 which engages at one end of a two-armed lever 40 seated on a switching shaft 37.
  • the movable contact piece 31 is actuated by a drive rod 26 and an angle lever.
  • the control shaft 37 is locked against rotation in the sense of switching off by means of the two-armed lever 40 and the ratchet lever 36.
  • the pawl lever 36 can be moved by a switch-off magnet 41 into the switch-off position shown in broken lines, in which the switching shaft 37 is released for switching off. Switch-off springs 37 are then rotated counterclockwise by switch-off springs (not shown) and the drive rod 26 is carried along. As indicated by an arrow 42, the switch-off magnet 41 can be actuated by the trigger control device 4. This happens when triggering 5 has been requested by trigger 5 or by a manually entered command (arrow 42) and trigger control unit 4 has determined the appropriate time for this. For this purpose, the trigger control device 4 first determines the times of the following current zero crossings on the basis of the measured values transmitted by the current transformers 7.
  • the relaying of the trigger command to the trigger magnet 41 now takes place taking into account the value of the trigger delay stored in the trigger control device 4 during the previous switch-off as well as further variables provided by sensors.
  • the voltage available to feed the tripping magnet 41 is also detected by a further sensor.
  • a timer 47 as a component of the trigger control unit 4 provides the time that has elapsed since the last switch-off action for correcting the delay in triggering.
  • the trigger delay is determined again by means of a sensor 50 and the trigger control unit is entered for comparison with the value of the trigger delay located in the memory 10 of the trigger control unit 4.
  • Either the previous stored value can be replaced by the new measured value or the new measured value can also be saved in order to determine the change in the tripping delay in the course of several circuits and to extrapolate the stored measured values to calculate the tripping delay to be expected with the greatest possible probability.
  • the release magnet 41 can be both a shunt release and an undervoltage release. Since undervoltage releases operate on the principle of the holding magnet, a higher response speed can generally be achieved than with a shunt release. However, it depends on the given interaction between the release magnet and the switching mechanism whether one or the other type of magnet is more suitable.
  • FIG. 6 shows a block diagram of the program sequence as it is carried out using a real-time microprocessor.
  • the functional sequence is immediately apparent from the inscription on the blocks.
  • a threshold value element Iu is first used to determine whether a very small current is present or whether it is below a certain low limit.
  • the functional sequence for this case is labeled "A" in the block diagram.
  • the triggering takes place without delay in accordance with the functional sequence designated by B.
  • the time at which the tripping command is passed on to the tripping magnet is calculated in the manner already described.
  • the so-called opening window for surge-free shutdowns in three-phase networks is very narrow.
  • the opening window can be widened to approximately 8.5 msec. Accordingly, the requirements for the accuracy of the mechanical control and the electronic detection of changes in the release delay are alleviated.
  • the method of offset switching is known per se (DE-C-28 54 092).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Procédé pour faire fonctionner un disjoncteur, notamment un interrupteur sous vide (2), moyennant l'utilisation d'un appareil de commande de déclenchement (4), qui, indépendamment de l'instant de la délivrance d'une instruction d'ouverture, déclenche l'ouverture des pièces de commutation (31) à un instant qui se situe dans une relation fixe par rapport au passage par zéro du courant, caractérisé par le fait qu'une valeur de mesure du retard de déclenchement du disjoncteur, qui s'étend de l'instant de délivrance du signal de déclenchement jusqu'à l'instant de la séparation des pièces de contact lors d'une coupure précédente, est envoyée en tant que grandeur de correction à l'appareil de commande de déclenchement (4).
  2. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'au disjoncteur (2) est associé, pour la détermination du retard de déclenchement, un dispositif d'évaluation (16;22;33), qui peut être mis en marche sous l'effet de la réception d'un signal de déclenchement et peut être arrêté lors de la séparation des pièces de contact (31), et qu'un dispositif de mémoire (10) est prévu pour la mémorisation de la valeur de mesure du retard de déclenchement au moins jusqu'à l'opération immédiatement suivante de coupure.
  3. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif d'évaluation (22) comporte un montage pour détecter l'apparition d'une tension d'arc électrique entre les pièces de contact (31).
  4. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que le dispositif d'évaluation (16) comporte, pour la détection de l'ouverture des contacts, un montage pour mesurer la capacité entre les pièces de contact (31).
  5. Procédé suivant la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que pour déterminer l'instant de la séparation des pièces de contact (31), il est prévu un dispositif (33) servant à détecter un déplacement relatif entre les pièces de contact.
  6. Procédé suivant la revendication 5, caractérisé par le fait qu'un organe d'entraînement (30), qui est relié directement à une pièce de contact mobile (31), est équipé d'un réflecteur et qu'en vis-à-vis et à une faible distance de ce dernier est monté de façon fixe un guide d'ondes lumineuses (32), qui coopère, au niveau de son extrémité éloignée du réflecteur, avec une source de lumière et un circuit de réception pour la lumière réfléchie (33).
  7. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la température (capteur 44) du dispositif d'entraînement du disjoncteur (2) est envoyée, comme autre grandeur de correction, à l'appareil de commande de déclenchement (4).
  8. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que le temps, qui s'est écoulé depuis la dernière opération de commutation (minuterie 47) est envoyé comme grandeur de correction à l'appareil de commande de déclenchement (4).
  9. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la tension d'alimentation (capteur de tension 45) d'un élément de déclenchement (41) dudit capteur (2) est envoyée à l'appareil de commande de déclenchement (4) pour l'obtention d'une autre grandeur de correction.
  10. Procédé suivant l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que la température de l'enroulement d'un élément de déclenchement (41) est envoyée à l'appareil de commande de déclenchement (4) pour l'obtention d'une autre grandeur de correction (capteur de température 46).
  11. Procédé suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait qu'un microprocesseur (P) fonctionnant en temps réel est chargé par des signaux d'entrée correspondant à une ou plusieurs grandeurs de correction et prépare un signal de déclenchement retardé pour le disjoncteur, par comparaison avec des valeurs de mesure ou des valeurs standards, prélevées d'une mémoire, et que des circuits à valeur de seuil (Iu; Io) détectent un dépassement d'une valeur limite inférieure du courant vers le bas et un dépassement d'une valeur limite supérieure du courant vers le haut et provoquent un déclenchement immédiat.
EP90250033A 1989-02-22 1990-02-08 Procédé de commande d'un disjoncteur de puissance Expired - Lifetime EP0384552B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3905822 1989-02-22
DE3905822A DE3905822A1 (de) 1989-02-22 1989-02-22 Verfahren zum betrieb eines leistungsschalters

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0384552A2 EP0384552A2 (fr) 1990-08-29
EP0384552A3 EP0384552A3 (fr) 1992-02-26
EP0384552B1 true EP0384552B1 (fr) 1995-05-10

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90250033A Expired - Lifetime EP0384552B1 (fr) 1989-02-22 1990-02-08 Procédé de commande d'un disjoncteur de puissance

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5119260A (fr)
EP (1) EP0384552B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPH02260344A (fr)
DE (2) DE3905822A1 (fr)

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CN113937771A (zh) * 2020-06-29 2022-01-14 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 风力发电机组变流器滤波电容投切控制方法、装置和***
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DE102022207630A1 (de) 2022-07-26 2024-02-01 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Vorzündeinrichtung für eine Hochspannungs-Vakuumschaltröhre

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DE3905822A1 (de) 1990-08-23
JPH02260344A (ja) 1990-10-23
US5119260A (en) 1992-06-02
DE59009039D1 (de) 1995-06-14
EP0384552A2 (fr) 1990-08-29
EP0384552A3 (fr) 1992-02-26

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