EP0334262A1 - Method and apparatus for enlarging tunnels - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for enlarging tunnels Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0334262A1 EP0334262A1 EP89104960A EP89104960A EP0334262A1 EP 0334262 A1 EP0334262 A1 EP 0334262A1 EP 89104960 A EP89104960 A EP 89104960A EP 89104960 A EP89104960 A EP 89104960A EP 0334262 A1 EP0334262 A1 EP 0334262A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- lining
- portal
- consolidation
- section
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 21
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004078 waterproofing Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011017 operating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/003—Linings or provisions thereon, specially adapted for traffic tunnels, e.g. with built-in cleaning devices
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/01—Methods or apparatus for enlarging or restoring the cross-section of tunnels, e.g. by restoring the floor to its original level
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for enlarging existing tunnels while maintaining services; it refers in particular, but not exclusively, to railway tunnels.
- Tunnels are particularly critical points in the expansion of road and rail networks. Tunnels are obligatory sections in which the work is of necessity carried out in confined spaces, without the possibility of acceptable traffic diversions, and with technical problems associated with the nature of the soil in which the expansion excavation is being carried out.
- the aim of the present invention to present a method and apparatus for enlarging tunnels, which are without the inconveniences and drawbacks outlined above, and in particular, permit the continuation of services during enlarging operations.
- a further aim of the present invention is to present a method of the kind indicated above in which it is possible to use various kinds of consolidation and excavation, so that the basic equipment can be better used for the variety of soil encountered in the different tunnels.
- the present invention also concerns the apparatus for the implementation of the above-cited method, characterized by consisting of at least one portal structure and a guide or rack for at least one tool carriage, and at least one protective shield set up as a fixed or mobile structure within the original tunnel lining at least in the area involved in the enlarging operation; the said structure having a configuration corresponding to the final enlarged tunnel, and the said shield being of such size as to leave part of the cross-section of the original tunnel substantially free, to allow the unhindered passsage of traffic with the apparatus in place.
- Fig 1 shows a typical case for enlargement, in which an existing railway tunnel, shown by the reference number 1 and with a vault 2, is to be enlarged upwards (e.g. to allow the line to be electrified) to the dimensions of the tunnel 3, with a higher vault 4.
- Figs 2 and 3 show partial cross and side sections of the tunnel being enlarged by a mechanical pre-cut excavation method known as the Premill (registered trade mark) method which is particularly useful in many, clay or soft-cohesive grounds.
- the Premill registered trade mark
- an advance cut 17 is made along the extrados 3 of the section of the final enlarged tunnel, with a mechanical cutter driven by the mechanical head mounted on the self-propelled portal 8. The shape and length of the cut is determined in advance.
- the cutter 7 with its blade 6 is moved along a rack 9 (Fig 2) supported by the structure 8 and following the final profile of the enlarged tunnel section.
- the portal structure 8 which is also of similar dimensions of the final tunnel profile, permits the passage of trains 5 underneath; to ensure greater protection for trains and other vehicles in transit under the portal or portals while carrying out the aforementioned operations, the present invention provides for the presence of a protective vault or shield 60 either fixed or mobile inside the original tunnel 1, i.e. under the portal structure 8.
- the shield 60 is installed at least in that section of the tunnel involved in the enlarging operation, i.e. the section between the old lining 1 in advance of the pre-cut 17 and the newly lined enlarged section 19.
- the shield cross-section is high and wide enough to allow the unhindered passage of through traffic.
- the present invention thus allows the consolidation and lining operation to be carried out without interruption of the services through the tunnel.
- the portal structure 8 rests on the tunnel floor on two series of supports which can be raised in turn and moved longitudinally, so as to advance self-propelled inside the tunnel, keeping up with the consolidation and/or pre-lining operations.
- the cutter 7 can move on longerons (not shown) to allow the insertion of the blade 6 into the excavation face, after which the cutter is moved along the rack 9 to make the cut 17 along the entire extrados 3.
- the pre-cut 17 When the pre-cut 17 has been made, it is filled by injecting concrete (spritz-beton) to form a protective lining 20 shown in Figs 2 and 3.
- a stabilized shell is obtained which is external to the final lining 16 and which has the purpose of withstanding the pressure of the soil and providing better operating conditions for the excavation of the soil underneath, until the definitive lining 16 is cased.
- the shell is reinforced with ribs 18, shown in Fig 3, installed corresponding to the individual lengths of pre-lining 20.
- the consolidation and pre-lining can be carried out by other means, e.g. by the method known as infiltration, or the injection of concrete mixture (jet-grouting).
- the operation is carried out by a unit with interchangeable heads (e.g. for cutting, boring, injection, or jet-grouting) which is mounted on a mobile fitting on the portal structure in a way similar to that described for Figs 2 and 3.
- the cutter 7 and the aforementioned replaceble heads are interchangeable on the same portal 8.
- Fig 4 shows schematically the application of the aforementioned consolidation methods, where a tool 51, moving along a portal can create a series of cylindrical consolidation elements 50.
- the consolidation elements thus obtained are also shown in the following Fig 5, which shows a train 5 passing through the enlarged tunnel, with the final lining 16 in place, together with any pre-lining 20A applied by methods already known, similar or different to those used in applying the pre-lining 20 of Figs 2 and 3.
- the excavation and demolition of the old lining and the excavation of the surrounding ground can be accomplished in various ways.
- the shield must be mobile to allow access from underneath to the old lining for its excavation and removal; in fact one spoil wagon 22 runs on the train rails 21, carrying a hopper or upper spoil collector 23 which extends across the full width of the original tunnel between the direct bearings 30 and 31.
- the hopper is so shaped that, as can be seen in Fig 5, as it advances, it leaves behind it the direct bearings which can be excavated later. In this way debris 24 resulting from the demolition of the old vault lining 1 is prevented from falling on the floor of the tunnel, which remains clean, so that the rails remain perfectly serviceable.
- the excavation and demolition in this phase can be by any method which is consistent with the type of soil and the safety regulations; the excavation equipment has not been shown.
- Fig 7 is shown the demolition of the direct bearings 30, 31, carried out by the use of at least one wagon 26 which moves on the wheels 29 and is fitted with a container 25 for the loading and transport of the spoil to the outside of the tunnel.
- the wagon 26 is equipped with one or, where necessary, two articulated digging arms 27, 28 fitted with buckets for digging and removing the spoil to the container 25.
- the shield is then returned to its protecting position, and the wagons 22 and 26 are shunted to a siding outside the tunnel mouth; thus the tunnel remains in service for trains and other vehicles.
- Figs 8 to 11 show the operating method in practice when the protective shield is continuously in place while the tunnel is being enlarged.
- the shield itself is installed, preferably on service rails 62 laid at the side of the rails 21, and is made steadfast e.g. by means jacks 66 against the inside of the lining 68 of the old tunnel (Fig 9).
- the length of the shield may vary, but will be such to ensure the completion of work on any section of the tunnel without exposing the train or the zone of passage of the same.
- the apparatus in this case consists of a vault or portal structure 8 fitted with bracing to strengthen it.
- an external rack on which moves a tool-carrying carriage 54 which can be moved by a system of geared motors/pinions from one end of the rack to the other, faithfully following the profile of the enlarged tunnel.
- a sled 72 mounted on rails that can be inclined from the horizontal, thus allowing the cutter blade to make inclined cuts 17 along the extrados 3 of the tunnel or, replacing the cutter head with the appropriate tool, allowing consolidation by either the infiltration, innjection or jet-grouting method.
- the sled can be moved horizontally to allow the tool head to be inserted in the withdrawn from the excavation face.
- the entire apparatus is preferably located close to a standard service portal 88 for either normal maintenance operations or simply for the exchange of the machine head with one of those housed inside the portal 88 itself.
- the service portal is used for the transport and storage of the vault reinforcing ribs 18, thus facilitating the installation of the same.
- more than one service portal is provided, each of said service portals being used for such operations as the installation of a temporary lining, of a waterproof lining or of the final lining.
- Both the face portal and the service portals are preferably self moving by means of motorized walking beams fitted with anchors and stabilizers activated during the operational phase.
- service ducts and passageways can be provided above the protective shield for the electrical supply 78, removal of expired air 80 and for pumping concrete, compressed air and water 82. Spoil dug by the mechanical arms 55 can be removed by conveyor belts 100. Following the excavation and dismantling of the old tunnel, work proceeds to the installation of the temporary lining, waterproof lining, and casting of the final lining. These phases are not shown in detail in Figs 8 to 11, in as much as the equipment used is substantially known, but must be operated in the space remaining between the consolidation 76 and the outside of the protective shield 60.
- the tunnel takes the shape shown in Fig 11, in which is shown the final lining 16, spaced from the protective barriers 96 which separates the railway for the train 5 from the passageways for the excavated material being removed by the conveyor belt 100, the dumpers 98 or decauville wagons (not shown).
- the remaining figures 12 - 16 show three possible solutions for stabilizing a tunnel without any existing inverted arch, or when the existing inverted arch cannot be used or has to be improved.
- Figs 12 - 14 show schematically three phases of construction of an inverted arch, working under the railway.
- the excavation is carried out using a pair of cutters 56 similar to those used in the aforementioned Premill (Registered trade mark) method, mounted laterally on the portal 8. After the excavation has been completed, the final lining is put in place (fig. 13).
- the train rail 21 are provided with adequate support such as the beams 57 (Fig 14).
- Fig 13 the final appearance of the tunnel is shown.
- struts 35 Fig 15
- a direct bearing subfoundation 49 may be laid and/or the ground may be consolidated by pile-driving or jet-grouting, to perform the function of the inverted arch (fig 19).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
- Steroid Compounds (AREA)
- Liquid Developers In Electrophotography (AREA)
- Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
installing a protection shield (60) within the original tunnel to protect through traffic (5) in the section of the tunnel involved in the enlarging operations, consolidating the section to be enlarged on a profile corresponding substantially to the extrados of the enlarged tunnel, demolishing the old lining down to the level of the direct bearings, demolishing the direct bearings and lining the enlarged tunnel.
Description
- The present invention relates to a method for enlarging existing tunnels while maintaining services; it refers in particular, but not exclusively, to railway tunnels.
- Tunnels are particularly critical points in the expansion of road and rail networks. Tunnels are obligatory sections in which the work is of necessity carried out in confined spaces, without the possibility of acceptable traffic diversions, and with technical problems associated with the nature of the soil in which the expansion excavation is being carried out.
- While on a motorway it is usually possible to divert the traffic onto a contra-flow system using the opposite carriageway at the cost of increased rush-hour congestion, the same is not normally possible with the ordinary road network, and is never a practical possibility with rail traffic.
- Therefore upgrading of ordinary road tunnels are railway tunnels - usually for electrification, widening the permanent way, or doubling the tracks - almost always involves suspension of the service with consequent substitution by road services for passengers, and re-routing of freight trains.
- It is a fact that tunnels are built in general through soil whose structure and geology varies, so excavation techniques may vary over the entire section to be enlarged. This involves the use of different equipment, to be used according to the nature of the soil, with high costs for waiting-time and/or transport of the equipment.
- It is, therefore, the aim of the present invention to present a method and apparatus for enlarging tunnels, which are without the inconveniences and drawbacks outlined above, and in particular, permit the continuation of services during enlarging operations.
- A further aim of the present invention is to present a method of the kind indicated above in which it is possible to use various kinds of consolidation and excavation, so that the basic equipment can be better used for the variety of soil encountered in the different tunnels. These are other advantages of the present invention can be conferred by a method for enlarging existing in-service tunnels, characterized by the following phases:
- a) installating a protecting shield within the original tunnel to protect through traffic at least in the section of the tunnel involved in the enlarging operations;
- b) consolidating the section to be enlarged on a profile corresponding substantially to the extrados of the eventually enlarged tunnel;
- c) demolishing the old lining and the overlying cover down to the level of the direct bearings;
- d) demolishing the direct bearings; and
- e) lining the enlarged tunnel.
- The present invention also concerns the apparatus for the implementation of the above-cited method, characterized by consisting of at least one portal structure and a guide or rack for at least one tool carriage, and at least one protective shield set up as a fixed or mobile structure within the original tunnel lining at least in the area involved in the enlarging operation; the said structure having a configuration corresponding to the final enlarged tunnel, and the said shield being of such size as to leave part of the cross-section of the original tunnel substantially free, to allow the unhindered passsage of traffic with the apparatus in place.
- The present invention will now be described with reference to some preferred, though not limiting, embodiments and the attached drawings in which:
- Fig 1 shows a cross section of the old and new profiles of the tunnel to be enlarged;
- Fig 2 shows a back view of the apparatus during enlarging operations;
- Fig 3 is a longitudinal section showing a train passing through the tunnel while the latter is being enlarged;
- Fig 4 and 5 show the enlarged tunnel consolidated by the infiltration or injection method, respectively during consolidation and after the addition of the final lining;
- Fig 6 shows the demolition of the old lining and a spoil wagon, used when traffic allows;
- Fig 7 shows the demolition of the direct bearings, in the previous case;
- Fig 8 shows a longitudinal section of the tunnel in which the enlarging operation is being carried out using a plurality of portal structures;
- Figs 9 - 11 show a cross-section of the tunnel before, during and after the enlarging operation;
- Figs 12, 13, 15 and 16 show schematic views of the tunnel during construction of the inverted arch; and
- Fig 14 shows a top view of a detail of the section involved in the construction of the inverted arch.
- Fig 1 shows a typical case for enlargement, in which an existing railway tunnel, shown by the
reference number 1 and with avault 2, is to be enlarged upwards (e.g. to allow the line to be electrified) to the dimensions of the tunnel 3, with ahigher vault 4. - Other cases are the enlarging of a double line tunnel, or the enlarging of the tunnel to increase the number of lines; these cases, although not illustrated in detail are substantially the same as the previous example, except that the greater expansion will be in the horizontal direction and the tracks will have to be repositioned.
- Figs 2 and 3 show partial cross and side sections of the tunnel being enlarged by a mechanical pre-cut excavation method known as the Premill (registered trade mark) method which is particularly useful in many, clay or soft-cohesive grounds. According to this technique, before excavating the part to be enlarged, an
advance cut 17 is made along the extrados 3 of the section of the final enlarged tunnel, with a mechanical cutter driven by the mechanical head mounted on the self-propelled portal 8. The shape and length of the cut is determined in advance. - More precisely, the cutter 7 with its
blade 6 is moved along a rack 9 (Fig 2) supported by the structure 8 and following the final profile of the enlarged tunnel section. - The portal structure 8, which is also of similar dimensions of the final tunnel profile, permits the passage of
trains 5 underneath; to ensure greater protection for trains and other vehicles in transit under the portal or portals while carrying out the aforementioned operations, the present invention provides for the presence of a protective vault orshield 60 either fixed or mobile inside theoriginal tunnel 1, i.e. under the portal structure 8. As shown in fig. 3, theshield 60 is installed at least in that section of the tunnel involved in the enlarging operation, i.e. the section between theold lining 1 in advance of the pre-cut 17 and the newly lined enlargedsection 19. Obviously, the shield cross-section is high and wide enough to allow the unhindered passage of through traffic. - The present invention thus allows the consolidation and lining operation to be carried out without interruption of the services through the tunnel.
- The portal structure 8 rests on the tunnel floor on two series of supports which can be raised in turn and moved longitudinally, so as to advance self-propelled inside the tunnel, keeping up with the consolidation and/or pre-lining operations.
- The cutter 7 can move on longerons (not shown) to allow the insertion of the
blade 6 into the excavation face, after which the cutter is moved along the rack 9 to make thecut 17 along the entire extrados 3. - When the pre-cut 17 has been made, it is filled by injecting concrete (spritz-beton) to form a
protective lining 20 shown in Figs 2 and 3. In this way a stabilized shell is obtained which is external to thefinal lining 16 and which has the purpose of withstanding the pressure of the soil and providing better operating conditions for the excavation of the soil underneath, until thedefinitive lining 16 is cased. Preferably the shell is reinforced withribs 18, shown in Fig 3, installed corresponding to the individual lengths of pre-lining 20. - Depending on the nature of the ground, the consolidation and pre-lining can be carried out by other means, e.g. by the method known as infiltration, or the injection of concrete mixture (jet-grouting).
- In any case, whether the Premill (Registered trade mark), infiltration or jet-grouting technique is used, the operation is carried out by a unit with interchangeable heads (e.g. for cutting, boring, injection, or jet-grouting) which is mounted on a mobile fitting on the portal structure in a way similar to that described for Figs 2 and 3. Preferably the cutter 7 and the aforementioned replaceble heads are interchangeable on the same portal 8.
- Fig 4 shows schematically the application of the aforementioned consolidation methods, where a
tool 51, moving along a portal can create a series ofcylindrical consolidation elements 50. The consolidation elements thus obtained are also shown in the following Fig 5, which shows atrain 5 passing through the enlarged tunnel, with thefinal lining 16 in place, together with any pre-lining 20A applied by methods already known, similar or different to those used in applying the pre-lining 20 of Figs 2 and 3. - Referring now to Figs 6 - 11, once the consolidation has been carried out, either by infiltration or jet-grouting, and/or after any pre-lining has been completed, the excavation and final lining phases are proceeded with.
- The excavation and demolition of the old lining and the excavation of the surrounding ground can be accomplished in various ways.
- If the traffic is sufficiently light and no vehicles will pass through the tunnel for a time long enough, the system shown in Figs 6 and 7 can be used.
- According to this system the shield must be mobile to allow access from underneath to the old lining for its excavation and removal; in fact one
spoil wagon 22 runs on thetrain rails 21, carrying a hopper orupper spoil collector 23 which extends across the full width of the original tunnel between thedirect bearings old vault lining 1 is prevented from falling on the floor of the tunnel, which remains clean, so that the rails remain perfectly serviceable. - The excavation and demolition in this phase can be by any method which is consistent with the type of soil and the safety regulations; the excavation equipment has not been shown.
- In Fig 7 is shown the demolition of the
direct bearings wagon 26 which moves on thewheels 29 and is fitted with acontainer 25 for the loading and transport of the spoil to the outside of the tunnel. Thewagon 26 is equipped with one or, where necessary, two articulated diggingarms container 25. - The shield is then returned to its protecting position, and the
wagons - It should be noted that, according to the method of the invention, the operations of consolidation, any pre-lining, excavation and application of the final lining proceed together in such a way as to leave an unfinished section between the
end 53 of the old tunnel and the beginning of the new finished tunnel 19 (Fig 3). - The embodiments shown in Figs 8 to 11 show the operating method in practice when the protective shield is continuously in place while the tunnel is being enlarged. In this case, after all the service equipments (including the signals and the power line for the train) have been located under the shield, the shield itself is installed, preferably on
service rails 62 laid at the side of therails 21, and is made steadfast e.g. bymeans jacks 66 against the inside of thelining 68 of the old tunnel (Fig 9). As previously said, the length of the shield may vary, but will be such to ensure the completion of work on any section of the tunnel without exposing the train or the zone of passage of the same. - With the shield in place, the aforementioned phases of the operation can proceed.
- In particular and with reference to the foregoing and to Figs. N. 8 and 10, the apparatus in this case consists of a vault or portal structure 8 fitted with bracing to strengthen it. To this structure is fitted an external rack on which moves a tool-carrying
carriage 54 which can be moved by a system of geared motors/pinions from one end of the rack to the other, faithfully following the profile of the enlarged tunnel. - This movement is facilitated by the tool-carrying carriage being mounted on a sliding base which allows it to follow the profile of the vault, thus compensating for any deviations in the radius of curvature of the rack.
- On the tool-carrying
carriage 54 is provided asled 72 mounted on rails that can be inclined from the horizontal, thus allowing the cutter blade to makeinclined cuts 17 along the extrados 3 of the tunnel or, replacing the cutter head with the appropriate tool, allowing consolidation by either the infiltration, innjection or jet-grouting method. The sled can be moved horizontally to allow the tool head to be inserted in the withdrawn from the excavation face. - The entire apparatus is preferably located close to a
standard service portal 88 for either normal maintenance operations or simply for the exchange of the machine head with one of those housed inside the portal 88 itself. - In front and on the sides of the portal structure 8 (Fig 8) there are one or more
mechanical arms 55 fitted with interchangeable tools for the excavation and demolition along the entire arc of the tunnel underneath the consolidation elements. - Besides the aforementioned function of housing equipment not being used at the excavation face, the service portal is used for the transport and storage of the
vault reinforcing ribs 18, thus facilitating the installation of the same. - In a preferred embodiment, more than one service portal is provided, each of said service portals being used for such operations as the installation of a temporary lining, of a waterproof lining or of the final lining.
- Both the face portal and the service portals are preferably self moving by means of motorized walking beams fitted with anchors and stabilizers activated during the operational phase.
- Advantageously, as shown in Fig 10, service ducts and passageways can be provided above the protective shield for the
electrical supply 78, removal ofexpired air 80 and for pumping concrete, compressed air andwater 82. Spoil dug by themechanical arms 55 can be removed byconveyor belts 100. Following the excavation and dismantling of the old tunnel, work proceeds to the installation of the temporary lining, waterproof lining, and casting of the final lining. These phases are not shown in detail in Figs 8 to 11, in as much as the equipment used is substantially known, but must be operated in the space remaining between theconsolidation 76 and the outside of theprotective shield 60. - At the end of the operations, the tunnel takes the shape shown in Fig 11, in which is shown the
final lining 16, spaced from theprotective barriers 96 which separates the railway for thetrain 5 from the passageways for the excavated material being removed by theconveyor belt 100, thedumpers 98 or decauville wagons (not shown). - The remaining figures 12 - 16 show three possible solutions for stabilizing a tunnel without any existing inverted arch, or when the existing inverted arch cannot be used or has to be improved.
- Figs 12 - 14 show schematically three phases of construction of an inverted arch, working under the railway.
- The excavation is carried out using a pair of
cutters 56 similar to those used in the aforementioned Premill (Registered trade mark) method, mounted laterally on the portal 8. After the excavation has been completed, the final lining is put in place (fig. 13). - In the section involved in the operation, the
train rail 21 are provided with adequate support such as the beams 57 (Fig 14). In Fig 13 the final appearance of the tunnel is shown. Alternatively, recourse may be made to the installation of struts 35 (Fig 15), either casted, or consisted of prefabricated concrete beams or metal girders. Again, in certain conditions, adirect bearing subfoundation 49 may be laid and/or the ground may be consolidated by pile-driving or jet-grouting, to perform the function of the inverted arch (fig 19). - While the present invention has been described with reference to the enlargement of railway tunnels, it is obvious that the method may also be applied, making the necessary modifications, to road and motorway tunnels.
Claims (20)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89104960T ATE100176T1 (en) | 1988-03-24 | 1989-03-20 | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR EXPANDING TUNNEL. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT1992188 | 1988-03-24 | ||
IT8819921A IT1225765B (en) | 1988-03-24 | 1988-03-24 | PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT TO ENLARGE GALLERIES. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0334262A1 true EP0334262A1 (en) | 1989-09-27 |
EP0334262B1 EP0334262B1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
Family
ID=11162351
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89104960A Expired - Lifetime EP0334262B1 (en) | 1988-03-24 | 1989-03-20 | Method and apparatus for enlarging tunnels |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0334262B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH01315586A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE100176T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE68912167T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2049769T3 (en) |
IT (1) | IT1225765B (en) |
Cited By (15)
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---|---|---|---|---|
EP0385233A2 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-05 | CASAGRANDE SpA | Process to excavate the inverted lower arch in existing tunnels and apparatus to carry out the process |
WO1995014141A1 (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-26 | International Dome Systems (Cyprus) Ltd. | Method of constructing a tunnel-shaped cover or screen over a traffic route, such as a road or railway |
EP0757158A1 (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1997-02-05 | TREVI S.p.A. | An excavating method and apparatus for constructing the base of a tunnel |
EP0887512A2 (en) | 1997-06-25 | 1998-12-30 | Autostrade Concessioni E Costruzioni Autostrade S.P.A. | Method for widening road, superhighway or railway tunnels, without interrupting the traffic |
AT500950B1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-05-15 | Rte Technologie Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TUNNEL TRACK FOR RAIL VEHICLES |
WO2008034415A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-27 | Gta Maschinensysteme Gmbh | Mobile enclosure comprising advancing units |
EP1972753A1 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-24 | Herrenknecht Aktiengesellschaft | Method for enlarging a tunnel and device for executing the method |
CN102094656A (en) * | 2010-12-01 | 2011-06-15 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Grouting method for avoiding perforating steel lining |
ITTO20110316A1 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-08 | Soilmec Spa | EQUIPMENT FOR ENLARGEMENT OF TUNNELS IN THE PRESENCE OF TRAFFIC. |
CN103276706A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-09-04 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Construction method of leakage-proof structure of inclined/vertical well section of diversion tunnel |
AT512352A3 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-12-15 | Herrenknecht Ag | Device for expanding a tunnel and method for expanding a tunnel |
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- 1989-03-20 EP EP89104960A patent/EP0334262B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-03-20 DE DE68912167T patent/DE68912167T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-03-24 JP JP1070722A patent/JPH01315586A/en active Pending
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FR2230806A1 (en) * | 1973-05-23 | 1974-12-20 | Buffet Paul | Three track railway tunnel relining system - canopy is erected over central track, allowing this to remain in use |
FR2305583A1 (en) * | 1975-03-24 | 1976-10-22 | Perforex | Tunnelling machine forming vaulted roof - has excavator head truck travelling along partly vaulted transverse guide |
DE2747975A1 (en) * | 1977-10-26 | 1979-05-03 | Ruhrkohle Ag | Mine gallery support frame installation system - has erecting frame with hinged members wedged in position by actuator cylinders |
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EP0385233A2 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-09-05 | CASAGRANDE SpA | Process to excavate the inverted lower arch in existing tunnels and apparatus to carry out the process |
EP0385233A3 (en) * | 1989-03-03 | 1990-11-28 | Casagrande Spa | Process to excavate the inverted lower arch in existing tunnels and apparatus to carry out the process |
WO1995014141A1 (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-05-26 | International Dome Systems (Cyprus) Ltd. | Method of constructing a tunnel-shaped cover or screen over a traffic route, such as a road or railway |
NL9301988A (en) * | 1993-11-17 | 1995-06-16 | Int Dome Systems Cyprus Ltd | Method for manufacturing a tunnel-shaped hood or screen over a traffic route, such as a motorway or railway. |
EP0757158A1 (en) * | 1995-08-02 | 1997-02-05 | TREVI S.p.A. | An excavating method and apparatus for constructing the base of a tunnel |
EP0887512A2 (en) | 1997-06-25 | 1998-12-30 | Autostrade Concessioni E Costruzioni Autostrade S.P.A. | Method for widening road, superhighway or railway tunnels, without interrupting the traffic |
EP0887512A3 (en) * | 1997-06-25 | 2002-10-23 | Autostrade Concessioni E Costruzioni Autostrade S.P.A. | Method for widening road, superhighway or railway tunnels, without interrupting the traffic |
AT500950B1 (en) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-05-15 | Rte Technologie Gmbh | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A TUNNEL TRACK FOR RAIL VEHICLES |
WO2008034415A1 (en) * | 2006-09-20 | 2008-03-27 | Gta Maschinensysteme Gmbh | Mobile enclosure comprising advancing units |
EP1972753A1 (en) | 2007-03-21 | 2008-09-24 | Herrenknecht Aktiengesellschaft | Method for enlarging a tunnel and device for executing the method |
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ITTO20110316A1 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-08 | Soilmec Spa | EQUIPMENT FOR ENLARGEMENT OF TUNNELS IN THE PRESENCE OF TRAFFIC. |
AT512352A3 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2013-12-15 | Herrenknecht Ag | Device for expanding a tunnel and method for expanding a tunnel |
AT512352B1 (en) * | 2011-12-29 | 2015-04-15 | Herrenknecht Ag | Device for expanding a tunnel and method for expanding a tunnel |
CN103276706A (en) * | 2013-06-06 | 2013-09-04 | 中国水电顾问集团华东勘测设计研究院 | Construction method of leakage-proof structure of inclined/vertical well section of diversion tunnel |
CN103573270A (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2014-02-12 | 石家庄铁道大学 | TBM (Tunnel Boring Machine) arc-shaped top shield and method for carrying out surrounding rock supporting by using top shield |
WO2018153926A1 (en) * | 2017-02-21 | 2018-08-30 | Deutsche Bahn Ag | Method and expansion device for the mechanical expansion of a tunnel of a rail transport route comprising at least one railway track, from a first old cross-sectional profile to a second new cross-sectional profile |
CN109723455A (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2019-05-07 | 中国铁建重工集团有限公司 | Tunnel defect operation unit quick-change system |
CN109723455B (en) * | 2019-03-06 | 2024-03-08 | 中国铁建重工集团股份有限公司 | Quick change system for tunnel defect operation unit |
CN110593893A (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2019-12-20 | 中建八局轨道交通建设有限公司 | Main body structure construction method and system for intersection of main tunnel and construction transverse channel |
CN110593893B (en) * | 2019-11-01 | 2024-04-12 | 中建八局轨道交通建设有限公司 | Main body structure construction method and system at intersection of main tunnel and construction transverse channel |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE100176T1 (en) | 1994-01-15 |
IT8819921A0 (en) | 1988-03-24 |
JPH01315586A (en) | 1989-12-20 |
ES2049769T3 (en) | 1994-05-01 |
IT1225765B (en) | 1990-11-26 |
DE68912167D1 (en) | 1994-02-24 |
DE68912167T2 (en) | 1994-07-07 |
EP0334262B1 (en) | 1994-01-12 |
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