EP0328917B1 - Ferme-porte - Google Patents

Ferme-porte Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0328917B1
EP0328917B1 EP89101415A EP89101415A EP0328917B1 EP 0328917 B1 EP0328917 B1 EP 0328917B1 EP 89101415 A EP89101415 A EP 89101415A EP 89101415 A EP89101415 A EP 89101415A EP 0328917 B1 EP0328917 B1 EP 0328917B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
door
valve
closure member
overflow valve
movement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89101415A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0328917A1 (fr
Inventor
Gerhard SCHRÖDER
Dieter Mauckner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege
Original Assignee
Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege filed Critical Gretsch Unitas GmbH Baubeschlaege
Publication of EP0328917A1 publication Critical patent/EP0328917A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0328917B1 publication Critical patent/EP0328917B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/12—Special devices controlling the circulation of the liquid, e.g. valve arrangement
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05F—DEVICES FOR MOVING WINGS INTO OPEN OR CLOSED POSITION; CHECKS FOR WINGS; WING FITTINGS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, CONCERNED WITH THE FUNCTIONING OF THE WING
    • E05F3/00—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices
    • E05F3/04—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes
    • E05F3/10—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction
    • E05F3/102—Closers or openers with braking devices, e.g. checks; Construction of pneumatic or liquid braking devices with liquid piston brakes with a spring, other than a torsion spring, and a piston, the axes of which are the same or lie in the same direction with rack-and-pinion transmission between driving shaft and piston within the closer housing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/218—Holders
    • E05Y2201/22—Locks
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/20—Brakes; Disengaging means; Holders; Stops; Valves; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/252—Type of friction
    • E05Y2201/254—Fluid or viscous friction
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2201/00—Constructional elements; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/40—Motors; Magnets; Springs; Weights; Accessories therefor
    • E05Y2201/499—Spring tensioners; Tension sensors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E05—LOCKS; KEYS; WINDOW OR DOOR FITTINGS; SAFES
    • E05Y—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES E05D AND E05F, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS, ELECTRIC CONTROL, POWER SUPPLY, POWER SIGNAL OR TRANSMISSION, USER INTERFACES, MOUNTING OR COUPLING, DETAILS, ACCESSORIES, AUXILIARY OPERATIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, APPLICATION THEREOF
    • E05Y2900/00—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof
    • E05Y2900/10—Application of doors, windows, wings or fittings thereof for buildings or parts thereof
    • E05Y2900/13—Type of wing
    • E05Y2900/132—Doors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a door closer of the type described in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such door closers are known in various designs both as floor door closers and as top door closers. As a rule, they are filled with a hydraulic fluid that flows from one cylinder chamber to the other when the damping piston is moved. If the damping piston moves in the opposite direction, the flow also takes place in the opposite direction.
  • a floor door closer the door is firmly connected to the rotary link, while in the case of an overhead door closer, a linkage is coupled to the rotary link, which connects the door closer attached to the door with a fixed door frame.
  • the hydraulic fluid when opening the door must be able to flow very quickly from one cylinder chamber to the other, more precisely, from the rear to the front hydraulic chamber.
  • the return compression spring or compression springs is then tensioned in a known manner. If a locking device for the open door is missing or has not yet been activated, the reset pressure spring pushes the piston back into its original position. Now the hydraulic medium must flow from the front hydraulic room to the rear hydraulic room. In order for the closing movement to take place slowly, the hydraulic medium must take a different flow path. In this flow path or possibly also several flow paths there is one or each throttle element, preferably a throttle valve.
  • throttle valves and their associated channels can be provided, for example, in the manner known from DE-GM 8 526 660.
  • a generic door closer has become known from DE-A 1 759 450.
  • an overrun member is attached, which is located in the range of movement of the closing-end movement of the closing element of the overflow valve. Because of this, the closure member of the overflow valve, which is spring-loaded in the closing direction, is open when the door is closed and during the closing movement. It is then on the ramp element. When the door is open and during the rest of the closing movement of the latter, the closure member is held in the closed position by its loading spring. It follows that this overflow valve is a valve which can flow through in only one direction and acts in the manner of a check valve. It is therefore only of particular importance during the final closing movement.
  • a door equipped with a door closer is often opened by force.
  • the pressure medium must then flow as quickly as possible from the rear to the front hydraulic chamber.
  • the medium cannot flow through the overflow valve because it takes up its closed position shortly after the start of the rotary opening movement.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a door closer of the generic type that it allows the rapid overflow of the hydraulic medium in the event of sudden violent opening of the door without any particular structural outlay and space requirement.
  • the invention proposes that the door closer is designed according to the preamble of claim 1 in accordance with the characterizing part of this claim.
  • the overflow valve of this door closer can take on an additional task compared to that of the previously known construction, i.e. it can perform two separate functions. On the one hand, it opens during the final closing movement, so that the full force of the closing spring or springs can be fully utilized. On the other hand, if the door that is already slightly open suddenly opens again without the help of the overrun element and against the action of its closing spring, it is also possible to go into the open position solely due to the pressure conditions and thus the rapid overflow of the hydraulic medium from the rear to the front hydraulic chamber to allow. This opening of the overflow valve is achieved with the aid of the overflow channel.
  • the latter can cause the hydraulic pressure that suddenly increases when the door in the rear hydraulic chamber is opened violently to the closing end of the closing element of the overflow valve and then move it into the open position against the resistance of the loading spring. As soon as this strong excess pressure is eliminated or has decreased to such an extent that the force of the closing spring predominates, the closure member of the overflow valve returns to the closed position when the door is open accordingly.
  • This overflow valve is nevertheless of a simple design and therefore very robust. It can also be built relatively compact. While the closing-end movement, the opening-opening movement and the normal closing movement of the door closer with the aid of the return pressure spring or springs, the mode of operation of the overflow valve is comparable to that of DE-A 1 759 450. and fixable in the bottom of the housing so that the angle for the closing-final movement of the door can be adjusted.
  • a further embodiment of the invention is characterized in that, when the door is closed, the overrun member passes through the valve seat of the overflow valve, in particular with an overflow end with a reduced cross section.
  • the ramp element is expediently arranged concentrically with the closure element of the overflow valve.
  • a further development of the invention provides that the overrun member at its end facing away from the overflow valve has an approach engaging in a control groove of an adjusting member, the control groove converting an adjustment movement of the adjusting member into a displacement movement of the overrun member.
  • This displacement movement runs in the same direction as that of the valve closure member.
  • the overrun member is displaced towards the control valve and away from the control valve with a counter-rotating movement.
  • this value is specified as a fixed value.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the adjusting member is a rotating member mounted in the housing base, the axis of rotation of which runs parallel to the longitudinal axis of the essentially bolt-like outlet member, the adjusting member being provided with a helical control groove into which a thickened head of a control attachment of the Adjusting member engages.
  • the control approach can consist, for example, of this thickened head and, in particular, a central retaining pin.
  • the adjusting member is provided with an externally accessible receptacle for an adjusting tool, in particular with a screwdriver slot. This means that the end closing movement of the door can be easily adjusted by every buyer of this door closer.
  • the exemplary embodiment is an overhead door closer, but the invention is not restricted to this.
  • a damping piston 2 and a spring piston 3 can be pushed back and forth in the direction of the double arrow 4 in a cylinder housing 1. They are rigidly connected to one another via a piston rod 5 with a rack 6. Those of a pinion 7 engage in the teeth of the rack. The pinion shaft is led outwards, and the door to be closed is connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • the piston-rack unit is displaced by turning the pinion 7, for example in the direction of arrow 8, from left to right, as a result of which two concentrically arranged restoring compression springs 9 and 10, which are supported at one end on the spring piston, are tensioned. These springs rest against a spring plate 11, which is located in the area of the free end of a spring cover 12.
  • the cylinder housing 1 is tightly closed by a plug-like housing base 13. It is screwed in and sealed against the cylinder housing by means of a sealing ring 14.
  • a front hydraulic chamber 15 is defined by the housing base 13 and the damping piston 2 and the cylinder housing 1.
  • a rear hydraulic chamber 16 extends from the damping piston 2 to the bottom of the spring cover 12. It receives both the piston rod 5 and the spring piston 3 and the return compression springs 9, 10. Because the rear hydraulic chamber 16 becomes smaller when the front hydraulic chamber 15 is enlarged, the medium located in the latter, in particular hydraulic oil, must be able to flow past and / or through the spring piston 3.
  • a symbolically drawn valve unit 17 can be installed in the spring piston 3. Otherwise, the damping piston 2, the spring piston 3 and the piston rod 5 could be viewed together as a single piston of the door closer provided with a recess, the pinion 7 projecting into this recess.
  • the spring cover 12 forms part of the door closer housing, and it is connected to the cylinder housing 1 at this point via a thread 18 and a corresponding seal.
  • Fig. 1 shows the piston or pistons 2 and 3 in their initial displacement position with the door closed. If the latter is opened, as mentioned, this leads to a rotation of the pinion in the direction of arrow 8 and to a displacement movement of the pistons 2 and 3 in the direction of arrow 19. Not only are the springs 9 and 10 tensioned, but also oil is extracted pressed out the rear hydraulic chamber 16 and transported into the front hydraulic chamber 15.
  • Correspondingly dimensioned cross sections allow a rapid overflow from space 16 into space 15.
  • the medium flows through an overflow channel 20 of a closure member 21 of an overflow valve 22.
  • it runs centrally to the geometric axis of the closure member 21 or overflow valve 22, while its left part runs obliquely to this.
  • the central part of the overflow channel consists of two parts, because the valve closure member 21 is itself made up of two elements.
  • the larger element 25 receives the ball 24 and the angular channel, while the smaller element 26 has only one centrally running channel piece and is connected to the larger one via a thread 27.
  • valve travel Both consist of a shaft with an outer collar each.
  • a sealing ring in particular an O-ring 28, is let into the outer collar of the larger element 25. It seals against a bore in the valve housing 29. This is screwed into the damping piston 2.
  • the threaded connection is designated 30.
  • a sealing ring at the transition from the shaft to the outer collar of the sleeve-shaped housing 29 bears the reference number 31.
  • a support disk 32 is inserted for one end of a load spring 33, the other end of which is supported on the outer collar of the larger element 25. It also enables assembly.
  • the support disk 32 can be held in place by flanging, and it receives the collar of the small element 26.
  • a central bore at the left end of the valve housing 29 in FIG. 2 forms the valve seat 23 mentioned on the inside, and it is penetrated from the outside in by the pin-like end 35 of an overrun member 34.
  • the loading spring 33 is then tensioned or tensioned more than in the closed position of the valve 22.
  • the valve seat 23 moves in the direction of the closure member or ball 24. In fact, however, it migrates the ball 24 or the closure member 21 due to the force of the spring 33 against the valve seat 23.
  • the closing angle from which the door closes unthrottled can now be set within a predetermined range.
  • the ramp member 34 is coupled to an adjusting member 36. 2, it is rotatably and immovably mounted in the housing base 13.
  • a snap ring 38 engages in mutually opposite grooves of the housing base and the adjusting member 36.
  • the latter is equipped with a helical control groove 39, into which a thickened head 40 of a control shoulder 41 engages at the left end of the ramp member 34 in FIG. 2.
  • the control lug 41 consists of a thin, central shaft.
  • the setting member 36 is equipped with a receptacle 42 accessible from the outside for an adjusting tool, in particular with a slot, cross slot or hexagon socket.
  • a receptacle 42 accessible from the outside for an adjusting tool, in particular with a slot, cross slot or hexagon socket.
  • the adjusting member 36 is displaced in the direction of the arrow 43 or in the opposite direction and thus an earlier or later opening of the overflow valve 22.
  • the overrun member 34 is opposite its sliding bore in the housing base 13 by means of a sealing ring , in particular an O-ring 44, sealed. 2 that the axis of rotation of the adjusting member 36 runs parallel to the axis of displacement of the overrun member 34 and the valve closure member 21, but is laterally offset with respect to this axis.

Landscapes

  • Closing And Opening Devices For Wings, And Checks For Wings (AREA)

Claims (13)

1. Ferme-porte comprenant un organe tournant (7) dont le mouvement peut être transformé en un mouvement de coulissement d'une tige de piston (5), cependant que la tige de piston (5) qui porte au moins un piston d'amortissement (2) peut être déplacée lors de l'ouverture de la porte à l'encontre de la force d'au moins un ressort de compression de rappel (9, 10), comprenant dans le piston d'amortissement (2) au moins un clapet de passage (22) qui comporte un organe de fermeture (21) chargé par un ressort (33) et qui relie hydrauliquement une chambre hydraulique antérieure (15) située entre le piston d'amortissement (2) et un fond (13) de l'enveloppe à une chambre hydraulique postérieure (16) située derrière le piston (2), cependant qu'en outre, les chambres hydrauliques antérieure et postérieure sont de plus reliées hydrauliquement par au moins un canal d'étranglement et au moins un clapet d'étranglement, et qu'est monté sur le fond (13) de l'enveloppe un organe d'ouverture (34) qui se trouve dans la zone de déplacement du déplacement final de fermeture de l'organe de fermeture (21) du clapet de passage (22), l'organe de fermeture (21) étant ouvert et reposant sur l'organe d'ouverture (34) lorsque la porte est fermée et pendant le déplacement final de fermeture, alors qu'il est maintenu en position fermée par son ressort de charge (33) lorsque la porte est ouverte et pendant le reste du déplacement de fermeture de la porte, caractérisé par le fait que l'organe de fermeture (21) du clapet de passage (22) est muni d'au moins un canal de passage (20) qui relie hydrauliquement la chambre hydraulique postérieure (16) à la chambre (37) du clapet qui constitue la chambre de pression amont du clapet de passage (22) lorsque le clapet est traversé de la chambre hydraulique antérieure (15) vers la chambre hydraulique postérieure (16), et par le fait que l'organe de fermeture (21) du clapet de passage (22) est rendu étanche par rapport au perçage de son enveloppe de clapet (29) au moyen d'une bague d'étanchéité enchâssée, en particulier d'un joint torique (28), cependant que le canal de passage (20) de l'organe de fermeture (21), d'une part est incliné par rapport à la direction de déplacement entre son extrémité (24) située au niveau du siège (23) du clapet et la bague d'étanchéité (28) et, d'autre part, débouche vers l'extérieur de manière centrée au niveau de l'extrémité de la tige qui est opposée à la bille.
2. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que, lorque la porte est fermée, l'organe de butée (34) traverse le siège de clapet (23) du clapet de passage (22), en particulier par une extrémité de contact dont la surface transversale est réduite.
3. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé par le fait que l'organe de fermeture (21) du clapet de passage (22) est bombé ou porte une bille (24) à son extrémité associée au siège (23) du clapet, et qu'il est réalisé en deux parties, ces deux parties (25, 26) se composant pour l'essentiel d'une tige munie d'un collet extérieur et étant reliées entre elles, de préférence par l'intermédiaire d'un filetage (27).
4. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 3, caractérisé par le fait que le ressort de charge (33) de l'organe de fermeture (21) du clapet de passage (22) s'appuie d'un côté sur le collet extérieur du plus grand élément (25) de l'organe de fermeture qui est situé du côté du siège du clapet, et, de l'autre côté, sur une rondelle d'appui (32) ou similaire maintenue dans l'enveloppe (29) du clapet et disposée entre les collets extérieurs.
5. Ferme-porte selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'enveloppe (29) du clapet de passage (22) est insérée de manière étanche au fluide, en particulier par vissage, dans le piston d'amortissement (2).
6. Ferme-porte selon l'une au moins des revendications précédentes, caractérisé par le fait que l'organe de butée (34) comporte, à son extrémité opposée au clapet de passage (22), un prolongement (41) qui pénètre dans une rainure de commande (39) d'un organe de réglage (36), la rainure de commande transformant un mouvement de réglage de l'organe de réglage (36) en un mouvement de coulissement de l'organe de butée (34).
7. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'organe de réglage (36) est un organe tournant qui est monté dans le fond (13) de l'enveloppe et dont l'axe de rotation s'étend parallèlement à l'axe longitudinal de l'organe de butée (34) pour l'essentiel en forme de tenon, l'organe de réglage (36) étant muni d'une rainure de commande (39) en forme de vis dans laquelle pénètre une tête élargie (40) d'un prolongement de commande (41) de l'organe de réglage (36).
8. Ferme-porte selon la revendication 7, caractérisé par le fait que l'organe de réglage (36) est muni d'un logement (42) accessible de l'extérieur et destiné à un outil de réglage, en particulier d'une fente pour tournevis.
EP89101415A 1988-02-13 1989-01-27 Ferme-porte Expired - Lifetime EP0328917B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8801898U DE8801898U1 (de) 1988-02-13 1988-02-13 Türschließer
DE8801898U 1988-02-13

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0328917A1 EP0328917A1 (fr) 1989-08-23
EP0328917B1 true EP0328917B1 (fr) 1990-11-28

Family

ID=6820667

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP89101415A Expired - Lifetime EP0328917B1 (fr) 1988-02-13 1989-01-27 Ferme-porte

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0328917B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE8801898U1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2924216B1 (fr) 2014-03-24 2017-05-03 Gretsch-Unitas GmbH Baubeschläge Ferme-porte
IT202100011669A1 (it) * 2021-05-06 2022-11-06 Colcom Group S R L Cerniera per la movimentazione girevole di una porta, un’anta o similare

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10145200B4 (de) * 2001-09-13 2015-09-10 Geze Gmbh Türschließer
DE102012100924A1 (de) * 2012-02-06 2013-08-08 Dorma Gmbh + Co. Kg Türbetätiger mit mehrteiligem Gehäuseaufbau

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1965805A (en) * 1931-12-24 1934-07-10 David E Riggins Doorcheck
DE1149271B (de) * 1960-09-05 1963-05-22 Schuermann & Co Heinz Teleskoptuerschliesser
DE1759450A1 (de) * 1968-05-02 1971-06-03 Ver Baubeschlag Gretsch Co Obenliegender Tuerschliesser

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2924216B1 (fr) 2014-03-24 2017-05-03 Gretsch-Unitas GmbH Baubeschläge Ferme-porte
IT202100011669A1 (it) * 2021-05-06 2022-11-06 Colcom Group S R L Cerniera per la movimentazione girevole di una porta, un’anta o similare

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0328917A1 (fr) 1989-08-23
DE58900027D1 (en) 1991-01-10
DE8801898U1 (de) 1988-03-24

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