CN113424743A - Method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry - Google Patents
Method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry, which comprises the following steps: cultivating a first-level fruiting branch, shaping the first-level fruiting branch, regulating and controlling a second-level fruiting branch and promoting growth of bouquet-shaped fruit branches, wherein the cultivation of the first-level fruiting branch needs to dredge branches with growing thicknesses larger than 1/3 of the sweet cherry tree trunk on the sweet cherry tree trunk, then selecting or reserving one branch at the top end of the first-level fruiting branch as an extension branch for growing, reserving 1 strong bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, and wiping off the 2 nd and 3 rd buds below the terminal bud to promote bud eyes on the first-level branch and the extension branch to germinate into bouquet-shaped fruit branches; and thinning out the upper back branches, the lower back branches and the double-end branches on the first-stage bearing branches, keeping the bouquet-shaped bearing branches, and promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped bearing branches by respectively carving buds on the first-stage bearing branches and the second-stage bearing branches in the whole culture process of the bearing branches. The invention promotes flower formation and fruit setting, ensures the yield and can improve the fruit quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of sweet cherry planting, and particularly relates to a method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherries.
Background
The self-flower bearing rate of the sweet cherries is related to factors such as tree nutrition, pollination fertilization and external environment, and the like, and the self-flower bearing rate of the sweet cherries directly influences the yield of the sweet cherries, so that the economic benefit is poor. According to investigation, the fruit setting of the sweet cherry is mainly based on bouquet-shaped fruit branches, the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches is closely related to the storage nutrition and the shaping and pruning of the tree body, but because of cost consideration, a grower often causes unreasonable and untimely tree body pruning, the general weakness of the tree body of the sweet cherry tree is caused, the stored nutrition of the tree body is low, the flower bud differentiation quality is poor, the floral organs are not fully developed, flowers cannot complete pollination and fertilization, and finally fall off. Even if partial fruiting is carried out, the number of cracked fruits, double-headed fruits and deformed fruits is large, and the quality of the fruits is poor. Especially for mature cherry trees or trees in full bearing age, the crown is large, big branches are excessive, the thinning branches are not in place, the orchard is closed, the tree vigor is strong, the appearance is vigorous, the layers are not obvious, and the inner chamber short branch group and bouquet-shaped fruit branches are few, even empty.
In order to solve the above problems, the main methods currently used for the transformation of the medium-length bearing branches into the flower bunch-like bearing branches are retraction methods and renewal methods. For cherry trees in the senescence period, the developing branches and the spindly branches which germinate at the base buds of the backbone branches are required to be used for updating the backbone branches in time, so that the tree vigor is restored, the bearing branches are rejuvenated, and the economic life is prolonged; pruning in summer is combined with methods of pinching, thinning, twisting and holding branches, girdling, nicking, chopping and the like to control tree forms and promote fruit setting. However, the retraction manipulation has many and complicated links and is not easy to master in time, so that the management effect is not ideal; particularly, the temperature and humidity conditions in the environment of arid regions in Xinjiang are not suitable to be controlled, the branches of cherry trees are vigorous and the tree form management is disordered, so that the nutrition distribution of the trees is uneven or insufficient, the flower buds are poorly differentiated, the fruiting rate is low, and the local sweet cherry planting benefit is seriously influenced. Therefore, the method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherries, which can relieve the contradiction between the fruit setting and the shaping and pruning of the sweet cherries and further improve the technical level of the cultivation of the sweet cherries in northern arid regions by optimizing the cultivation technology, has very important significance.
In the invention
The method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherries, provided by the invention, relieves the contradiction between the fruit setting and the shaping and pruning of the sweet cherries, and further improves the technical level of the cultivation of the sweet cherries in the arid regions in the north by optimizing the cultivation technology.
The invention provides a method for promoting formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry, which comprises the following steps:
cultivating first-level fruiting branches: selecting a sweet cherry cultivation tree, reforming the tree shape of the sweet cherry cultivation tree, thinning out branches with the growing thickness being larger than 1/3 of the thickness of the main trunk of the sweet cherry cultivation tree, and then culturing the reserved branches as first-level bearing branches;
shaping of first-level fruiting branches: selecting or reserving one long fruit branch at the top end of the first-level fruiting branch as an extension branch for long placement, pinching the long extended branch after long placement, reserving 1 healthy and strong bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, and wiping off other side buds below the terminal bud to promote bud eyes on the first-level fruiting branch and the extension branch to germinate into bouquet-shaped fruit branches;
and (3) regulating secondary fruiting branches: keeping short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, only keeping 1-2 buds at the base parts of upper back branches, lower back branches and double-end branches with the length larger than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, thinning the rest parts, pinching middle fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches, and carrying out branch pulling treatment on long fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches;
growth promotion of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: the formation of bouquet-like fruit branches is promoted by respectively carving buds on the primary fruiting branches and the secondary fruiting branches.
Preferably, when the secondary fruiting branches are cultivated, 1/2 lengths of lateral middle fruit branches with lengths larger than 20cm are reserved for pinching; and carrying out branch hanging treatment on long fruit branches with the length of more than 50cm to promote the bouquet-shaped fruit branches to sprout on the secondary fruit branches.
Preferably, the branch pulling angle of the branch hanging treatment is perpendicular to the ground.
Preferably, the carving buds are arranged at intervals.
Preferably, the bud carving adopts a cross bud carving method.
Preferably, the bud carving adopts an arc bud carving method.
Preferably, the planting time of the sweet cherry cultivating tree is 4 months per year, and the temperature is more than 10 ℃.
Preferably, the plant height of the sweet cherry tree after transformation is controlled to be 2.5-3.0 m, 15 first-level fruiting branches are spirally grown on a trunk with the length of more than 50cm, and the distance between the upper first-level fruiting branch and the lower first-level fruiting branch is 15-20 cm.
Preferably, the first-stage fruiting branches are cultured within one year, flower buds are formed in the current year, and the first-stage fruiting branches bloom and bear fruits in the next year.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1) the culture of the fruiting branches is simple, easy to manage and easy to master. Years of experiments in arid regions in Xinjiang show that the method can promote flower formation and fruit setting, ensure yield and improve fruit quality, is suitable for reconstruction of newly built cherry gardens and old orchards, and has obvious field use effect.
2) The method for culturing the bouquet-shaped branches is practical, the branches of the tree body are uniformly distributed, the ventilation and the light transmission are realized, the photosynthesis is improved, the metabolic capacity is improved, the nutrient distribution of the tree body is improved, the branches and leaves of the fruit tree are balanced and adjusted, the yield is improved, the fruiting period is long, the high yield is good, the canopy which is closed is avoided, the problems of pest and disease breeding, fruit product and serious yield reduction and economic loss caused by ventilation and light transmission influenced by the redundant branches are reduced.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical solutions of the present invention better understood and enable those skilled in the art to practice the present invention, the following embodiments are further described, but the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
The experimental methods described in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The planting time of the sweet cherry tree is 4 months per year, and the temperature reaches more than 10 ℃ for field planting.
Example 1
A method for promoting the formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry fruits comprises the following steps:
cultivating first-level fruiting branches: modifying the current cultivation tree shape of the sweet cherry, thinning out the branch with the growing thickness larger than 1/3 thickness on the trunk, and culturing the retained branch as a first-level fruiting branch;
shaping of first-level fruiting branches: selecting or reserving one long fruit branch at the top end of the first-stage fruiting branch as an extension branch for long placement, pinching the long extended branch after long placement, reserving 1 healthy and strong bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, wiping off the 2 nd bud and the 3 rd bud below the terminal bud, promoting the first-stage fruiting branch and the bud eye above the extension branch to sprout bouquet-shaped fruit branches, completing culture of the first-stage fruiting branch within one year, forming flower buds in the same year, and flowering and fruit setting in the second year;
regulating and controlling secondary bearing branches: keeping short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, only keeping 1-2 buds at the base parts of upper back branches, lower back branches and double-end branches with the length larger than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, thinning the rest parts, pinching middle fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches, and carrying out branch pulling treatment on long fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches; wherein 1/2 lengths of the lateral middle fruit branches with the length more than 20cm are reserved for pinching; and carrying out branch hanging treatment on the long fruit branches with the length of 50cm, wherein the branch pulling angle of the branch hanging treatment is perpendicular to the ground, so that the bouquet-shaped fruit branches are promoted to germinate on the secondary branches.
Growth promotion of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: in the whole fruit branch culture process, bud carving modes of carving buds at intervals are adopted on the first-stage fruit branches and the second-stage fruit branches, and a cross bud carving method is adopted during bud carving, so that bud eye germination and bouquet-shaped fruit branches are ensured.
The plant height of the sweet cherry tree after transformation is controlled to be 2.5m, 15 first-level fruiting branches are spirally grown on a 51cm trunk, and the distance between the upper first-level fruiting branch and the lower first-level fruiting branch is 15 cm.
Example 2
A method for promoting the formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry fruits comprises the following steps:
cultivating first-level fruiting branches: modifying the current cultivation tree shape of the sweet cherry, thinning out the branch with the growing thickness larger than 1/3 thickness on the trunk, and culturing the retained branch as a first-level fruiting branch;
shaping of first-level fruiting branches: selecting or reserving one long fruit branch at the top end of the first-stage fruiting branch as an extension branch for long placement, pinching the long extended branch after long placement, reserving 1 healthy and strong bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, wiping off the 2 nd bud and the 3 rd bud below the terminal bud, promoting the first-stage fruiting branch and the bud eye above the extension branch to sprout bouquet-shaped fruit branches, completing culture of the first-stage fruiting branch within one year, forming flower buds in the same year, and flowering and fruit setting in the second year;
regulating and controlling secondary bearing branches: keeping short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, only keeping 1-2 buds at the base parts of upper back branches, lower back branches and double-end branches with the length larger than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, thinning the rest parts, pinching middle fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches, and carrying out branch pulling treatment on long fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches; wherein 1/2 lengths of the lateral middle fruit branches with the length more than 20cm are reserved for pinching; and carrying out branch hanging treatment on the long fruit branches with the length of 50cm, wherein the branch pulling angle of the branch hanging treatment is perpendicular to the ground, so that the bouquet-shaped fruit branches are promoted to germinate on the secondary branches.
Growth promotion of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: in the whole fruit branch culture process, bud carving modes of carving buds at intervals are adopted on the first-stage fruiting branches and the second-stage fruiting branches, and an arc bud carving method is adopted during bud carving, so that bud eye germination and bouquet-shaped fruit branches are ensured.
The plant height of the sweet cherry tree after transformation is controlled to be 2.8m, 15 first-level fruiting branches are spirally grown on a 55cm trunk, and the distance between the upper first-level fruiting branch and the lower first-level fruiting branch is 18 cm.
Example 3
A method for promoting the formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry fruits comprises the following steps:
cultivating first-level fruiting branches: modifying the current cultivation tree shape of the sweet cherry, thinning out the branch with the growing thickness larger than 1/3 thickness on the trunk, and culturing the retained branch as a first-level fruiting branch;
shaping of first-level fruiting branches: selecting or reserving one long fruit branch at the top end of the first-stage fruiting branch as an extension branch for long placement, pinching the long extended branch after long placement, reserving 1 healthy and strong bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, wiping off the 2 nd bud and the 3 rd bud below the terminal bud, promoting the first-stage fruiting branch and the bud eye above the extension branch to sprout bouquet-shaped fruit branches, completing culture of the first-stage fruiting branch within one year, forming flower buds in the same year, and flowering and fruit setting in the second year;
regulating and controlling secondary bearing branches: keeping short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, only keeping 1-2 buds at the base parts of upper back branches, lower back branches and double-end branches with the length larger than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, thinning the rest parts, pinching middle fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches, and carrying out branch pulling treatment on long fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches; wherein 1/2 lengths of the lateral middle fruit branches with the length more than 20cm are reserved for pinching; and carrying out branch hanging treatment on the long fruit branches with the length of 50cm, wherein the branch pulling angle of the branch hanging treatment is perpendicular to the ground, so that the bouquet-shaped fruit branches are promoted to germinate on the secondary branches.
Growth promotion of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: in the whole fruit branch culture process, bud carving modes of carving buds at intervals are adopted on the first-stage fruit branches and the second-stage fruit branches, and a cross bud carving method is adopted during bud carving, so that bud eye germination and bouquet-shaped fruit branches are ensured.
The plant height of the sweet cherry tree after transformation is controlled to be 3.0m, 15 first-level fruiting branches are spirally grown on a 60cm trunk, and the distance between the upper first-level fruiting branch and the lower first-level fruiting branch is 20 cm.
Comparative example
Conventional cultivation method
Cultivating first-level fruiting branches: selecting a sweet cherry cultivation tree, and reforming the tree shape of the sweet cherry cultivation tree, wherein the trunk of a cherry tree is 2-3m high, two or three layers of primary fruiting branches are distributed on the trunk of the cherry tree, and 3-5 primary fruiting branches of each layer are distributed in different directions of the trunk;
and (3) cultivating secondary fruiting branches and tertiary fruiting branches: the bearing branches growing on the first-level bearing branches are second-level bearing branches, in order to culture side branches or third-level bearing branches, the second-level bearing branches are timely subjected to pinching to promote the third-level bearing branches to germinate and grow, the third-level bearing branches mainly comprise middle bearing branches and long bearing branches, short bearing branches and bouquet-shaped bearing branches are few, in order to increase the yield, the tree crowns need to be continuously enlarged, the number of new shoots needs to be increased, and therefore the trimming and branch pulling workload is large.
The sweet cherry trees of example 1 and comparative example 1 were cultivated, and the sweet cherry trees of example 1 and comparative example 1 were tested, and the results were as follows:
from the above table, it can be seen that, in the method for promoting formation of bunch-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry trees in example 1, compared with comparative example 1 of conventional cultivation technology, the proportion of long fruit branches in sweet cherry trees in the method for promoting formation of bunch-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry trees provided by the present invention is significantly lower than that of long fruit branches in conventional cultivation technology, the proportion of long fruit branches in sweet cherry trees provided by the present invention is only 11%, the amount of long fruit branches in conventional cultivation pruning is as high as 55%, which is 5 times that of the present invention, the proportion of bunch-shaped fruit branches provided by the present invention is 62%, the proportion of conventional cultivation pruning is 22%, which is significantly higher than that in conventional cultivation and is 3 times that in conventional cultivation, the proportion of bunch-shaped fruit branches and short fruit branches in sweet cherry trees provided by the present invention reaches 89%, the proportion of bunch-shaped fruit branches and short fruit branches in sweet cherry trees provided by the present invention is only 45%, which is more than one time that in conventional cultivation, so that the method for promoting formation of bunch-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry trees provided by the present invention can promote flower formation, ensure fruit trees and fruit bearing fruit trees, but also can improve the fruit quality and both be applicable to newly-built cherry orchard, be applicable to old orchard transformation again, field result of use is obvious simultaneously this method makes cherry tree branch distribute evenly, the ventilation printing opacity, improve photosynthesis, improve metabolic capability, improve tree body nutrient distribution, balance and adjust fruit tree branch and leaf, increase of production, the fruit cycle is long, high yielding nature is good, avoid forming the crown of closing, reduce because unnecessary branch influences the ventilation printing opacity, thereby the problem of plant diseases and insect pests breeding and fruit and output serious reduction that lead to and cause economic loss.
While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that such changes and modifications be included within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for promoting the formation of bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry fruits is characterized by comprising the following steps:
cultivating first-level fruiting branches: selecting a sweet cherry cultivation tree, reforming the tree shape of the sweet cherry cultivation tree, thinning out branches with the growing thickness being larger than 1/3 of the thickness of the main trunk of the sweet cherry cultivation tree, and then culturing the reserved branches as first-level bearing branches;
shaping of first-level fruiting branches: selecting or reserving one long fruit branch at the top end of the first-level fruiting branch as an extension branch for long placement, pinching the long extended branch after long placement, reserving 1 healthy and strong bud at the top of the extension branch as a terminal bud, and wiping off other side buds below the terminal bud to promote bud eyes on the first-level fruiting branch and the extension branch to germinate into bouquet-shaped fruit branches;
and (3) regulating secondary fruiting branches: keeping short fruit branches and bouquet-shaped fruit branches with the length smaller than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, only keeping 1-2 buds at the base parts of upper back branches, lower back branches and double-end branches with the length larger than 20cm on the first-stage fruit branches, thinning the rest parts, pinching middle fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches, and carrying out branch pulling treatment on long fruit branches on the first-stage fruit branches;
growth promotion of bouquet-shaped fruit branches: the formation of bouquet-like fruit branches is promoted by respectively carving buds on the primary fruiting branches and the secondary fruiting branches.
2. The method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherry fruits according to claim 1, wherein the secondary fruit branches are cultivated, the lateral medium fruit branches with the length of more than 20cm are reserved with 1/2 lengths for pinching; and carrying out branch hanging treatment on long fruit branches with the length of more than 50cm to promote the bouquet-shaped fruit branches to sprout on the secondary fruit branches.
3. The method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherry fruits as claimed in claim 2, wherein the branch pulling angle of the branch hanging treatment is perpendicular to the ground.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the scoring buds are spaced one at a time.
5. The method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry fruits as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the bud carving adopts a cross bud carving method.
6. The method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of sweet cherry fruits as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the bud carving adopts an arc bud carving method.
7. The method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherries as claimed in claim 1, wherein the planting time of the sweet cherry cultivating trees is 4 months per year and the temperature is more than 10 ℃.
8. The method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-shaped fruit branches of the sweet cherry trees according to claim 1, wherein the plant height of the sweet cherry trees after transformation is controlled to be 2.5-3.0 m, 15 primary bearing branches are spirally grown on a trunk with the length of 50cm, and the distance between the upper primary bearing branch and the lower primary bearing branch is 15-20 cm.
9. The method for promoting the formation of the bouquet-like fruit branches of sweet cherry fruits according to claim 1, wherein the primary fruit branches are cultured within one year, form flower buds in the current year, and flower and fruit in the next year.
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| CN111108949A (en) * | 2020-03-19 | 2020-05-08 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Pruning method for plum trees and apricot trees |
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