CN112806204A - Method for cultivating peaches by utilizing horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form - Google Patents
Method for cultivating peaches by utilizing horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form Download PDFInfo
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- CN112806204A CN112806204A CN202010552251.6A CN202010552251A CN112806204A CN 112806204 A CN112806204 A CN 112806204A CN 202010552251 A CN202010552251 A CN 202010552251A CN 112806204 A CN112806204 A CN 112806204A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating peaches by utilizing a horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form, which comprises the following steps: after the seedlings are planted, cutting stems at the position 1.0cm above the plump buds at the height of 60-80 cm from the ground; when the young shoots of the peach trees germinate and grow to 30-40 cm, the peach trees are cultured into future trunks and horizontal central trunks; horizontally bending the remained robust young shoots at a position 0.8-1.0 m away from the ground in the forward direction, and culturing to form a horizontal central stem; performing stroking treatment when the sprouting young shoots on the main branches grow to 20-30 cm; in the middle ten days of 8 months, spraying a growth inhibitor to control the growth of most new shoots when the new shoots on the main branches grow to 30-50 cm; when the young shoots grow to 30cm, spraying a growth inhibitor in time to control the growth of the young shoots; and when the cutting is carried out in winter, 15-20 bearing branches are finally reserved for each main branch. The fruit quality of the tree shape is obviously improved, the consistency is good, and the tree shape is suitable for cultivation in open field, light and simplified production, namely the tree shape with high light efficiency and labor-saving effect, namely the tree shape with multiple vertical main branches at the horizontal center.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of agriculture, in particular to a method for cultivating peaches by utilizing a horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form.
Background
Peach (academic name: Amygdaluspersca L.): rosaceae, Prunus. Deciduous small trees; the leaves are narrow elliptic to scallion-shaped, 15cm long and 4 cm wide, the tips grow and thin, the edges are provided with fine teeth, dark green and glossy, and the leaf bases are provided with honey glands; the bark is dark gray and cracks appear with age; the flowers are single, light to deep pink or red, sometimes white, with short stems, 4 cm in diameter, and bloom in early spring; the stone fruit is a nearly spherical stone fruit, has hairy antler on the surface, has edible meat quality, is orange yellow and reddish, has a diameter of 7.5 cm, has a stone with deep pockmarks and furrows and contains white seeds. The fruit is a deciduous tree of fruit, the flower can be viewed, the fruit is juicy, the fruit can be eaten raw or made into preserved peach, can and the like, and the kernel can also be eaten. The pulp is white and yellow, the peaches are of various varieties, the general pericarp is rough, and the pericarp of the nectarine is smooth; the flat peach fruit is discoid; "Biluo" is a peach tree for viewing and admiring flowers, and has various forms of petals.
According to FAO data statistics, the peach cultivation area and the peach yield are the largest in China in the world, and the peach is the top of the world in 1978. In recent years, because the management cost, especially the labor cost, of peach gardens is high, the demand for simplifying production modes, reducing management cost and providing technical support for the efficiency improvement of peach industries is urgent.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating peaches by utilizing a tree form of a horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch, wherein the multi-main branch has the advantages of dispersing tops, moderating tree vigor and balancing vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Compared with the trunk shape, the fruit quality of the tree shape is obviously improved, the consistency is good, and the tree shape is suitable for cultivating and simplifying the high-light-efficiency labor-saving tree shape with a horizontal central trunk and a plurality of upright main branch tree shapes in open field so as to solve the problems in the background technology.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
a method for cultivating peaches by utilizing a horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree shape comprises the following steps:
step 1: after the seedlings are planted, cutting stems at the position 1.0cm above the plump buds at the height of 60-80 cm from the ground;
step 2: when the young shoots of the peach tree germinate and grow to 30-40 cm, selecting a robust young shoot at the top end to grow vertically, culturing the young shoot into a future main trunk and a horizontal central trunk, and leveling the rest young shoots by using a branch puller as auxiliary culture branches;
and step 3: when the peach tree grows to 2.0m, horizontally bending the remained robust young shoots at a position 0.8-1.0 m away from the ground in the forward direction, and culturing to form a horizontal central stem;
and 4, step 4: performing stroking treatment when the sprouting young shoots on the main branches grow to 20-30 cm;
and 5: in the middle ten days of 8 months, spraying a growth inhibitor to control the growth of most new shoots when the new shoots on the main branches grow to 30-50 cm;
step 6: thinning dense branches, weak branches, strong and strong branches, spindly branches and thick branches on main branches when cutting in winter;
and 7: after the new shoots germinate next year, thinning the over-dense shoots and the competitive shoots, removing one from the double shoots, and keeping the flowers under the tree crowns in shade when the fruits are in a hard core period;
and 8: when the young shoots grow to 30cm, spraying a growth inhibitor in time to control the growth of the young shoots;
and step 9: when pruning in winter, thinning dense branches, weak branches, strong branches and bare-grown branches, thinning thick branches or cutting short branches, reserving 1-2 robust bearing branches at the base of all bearing branch groups, retracting and pruning, and finally reserving 15-20 bearing branches for each main branch.
Further, only the new shoots growing upright on the back of the horizontal central trunk are reserved in the step 3 and cultured into main branches; and removing other young shoots.
Further, the growth inhibitor in step 5 and step 8 is 1000-fold uniconazole or 300-fold paclobutrazol.
Further, the thickness of the over-thick branches in the step 6 and the step 9 exceeds one third of the main branches.
Further, the robust young shoots sprouting from the top ends of the main branches are continuously managed according to the method for managing the young shoots of the main branches in the same year of planting until the height of the tree is 2.5-3.5 m.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: the tree form is suitable for peach trees cultivated in open field, and multiple main branches have the advantages of dispersing tops, moderating tree vigor, and balancing vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Compared with the main stem shape, the fruit quality of the tree shape is obviously improved, the consistency is good, and the tree shape is suitable for cultivation in open field, light and simplified production, namely the tree shape with high light efficiency and labor saving, wherein the horizontal central stem is in a shape of a multi-upright main branch tree.
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FIG. 1 is a tree diagram of a horizontal central trunk with multiple vertical main branches according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for cultivating peaches by utilizing a horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree shape comprises the following steps:
after the seedlings are planted, cutting stems at the position 1.0cm above the plump buds at the height of 60-80 cm from the ground; when the germinated young shoots of the peach trees grow to 30-40 cm, a strong young shoot is selected from the top end to grow vertically and is cultured into a future main trunk (as a position B in the figure) and a horizontal central trunk (as a position A in the figure), and the rest of the young shoots are leveled by a branch puller to serve as auxiliary culture branches. When the peach tree grows to 2.0m, horizontally bending the remained robust young shoots at a position 0.8-1.0 m away from the ground in the forward direction, and culturing to form a horizontal central stem; only the shoots growing upright on the back of the horizontal central trunk were kept and cultured as main branches (as in C in the figure); removing other young shoots; when the sprouting young shoots on the main branches grow to 20-30 cm, performing stroking treatment to enable the sprouts to grow in a horizontal or slightly drooping state, and opening the branches; in the middle ten days of 8 months, when most of the young shoots on the main branches grow to 30-50 cm, a growth inhibitor such as 1000-fold uniconazole or 300-fold paclobutrazol is sprayed to control the growth of the shoots and promote the flower bud differentiation. When the fruit tree is cut in winter, the over-dense branches, the weak branches, the strong branches, the spindly branches, the over-thick branches (the thickness exceeds one third of the main branches) and the like on the main branches are thinned, so that the ventilation and the light transmission of the tree body and the balance of the tree vigor are ensured, and the production of high-quality fruits is facilitated. Throwing and preventing the reserved bearing branches without trimming.
And (4) after the new shoots germinate next year, thinning the over-dense shoots and the competitive shoots, removing one from the double shoots, and keeping the flowers under the tree crowns in shade when the fruits are in a hard core period. And (3) spraying a growth inhibitor such as 1000-time uniconazole or 300-time paclobutrazol when the young shoots grow to 30cm in time to control the growth of the young shoots and promote the development of fruits and the differentiation of flower buds. And (4) continuing to manage the robust young shoots sprouting from the top ends of the main branches according to the method for managing the young shoots of the main branches in the same year of planting until the height of the tree is 2.5-3.5 m. When pruning in winter, as in the first year, removing dense branches, weak branches, strong branches, overgrown branches and the like, removing thick branches (the thickness is more than one third of the thickness of the main branches) or cutting short branches again, simultaneously reserving 1-2 robust bearing branches at the base of all bearing branch groups, retracting and pruning, and finally reserving 15-20 bearing branches (as shown in the position D in the figure) at each main branch. And performing shaping, pruning and management for two years, and culturing and forming the tree form of the horizontal central trunk with multiple opposite inclined main branches. Later, the tree is cut in winter, and the height of the tree body is kept between 2.5m and 3.5 m. When pruning in summer, the excessive young shoots on the upper parts of the main branches are removed in time by paying attention to avoid the problems.
The basic structure of the horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form is as follows: the height of the tree is 2.5 m-3.5 m; the height of the base trunk (as shown at B in the figure) is 0.8-1.0 m; the horizontal central stem (as shown at A in the figure) extends horizontally along the row direction, and the length is 1.2 m-1.6 m; the main branches (as shown at C in the figure) vertically grow on the horizontal central trunk, and the length of the main branches is 1.5-2.5 m; the distance between the main branches is 40 cm-60 cm; the bearing branches directly grow on the main branches, the distance between the bearing branches is 10 cm-15 cm, each main branch grows 15-20 bearing branches, and the bearing branches (as shown in the position D in the figure) are uniformly distributed on the main branches and are in a horizontal or slightly drooping state. The row spacing of the plants is 1.6-2.0 m multiplied by 3.5-4.0 m. The tree form is suitable for open field cultivation, and multiple main branches have the advantages of dispersing tops, relieving tree vigor, and balancing vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Compared with the trunk shape, the tree-shaped fruit has obviously improved quality and good consistency.
The peach tree cultivated by the cultivation method is suitable for being cultivated in open field, and the multiple main branches have the advantages of dispersing the top, relieving tree vigor and balancing vegetative growth and reproductive growth. Compared with the main stem shape, the fruit quality of the tree shape is obviously improved, the consistency is good, and the tree shape is suitable for cultivation in open field, light and simplified production, namely the tree shape with high light efficiency and labor saving, wherein the horizontal central stem is in a shape of a multi-upright main branch tree.
In addition, the present invention is applicable to both open field cultivation and facility cultivation.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A method for cultivating peaches by utilizing a horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree shape is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: after the seedlings are planted, cutting stems at the position 1.0cm above the plump buds at the height of 60-80 cm from the ground;
step 2: when the young shoots of the peach tree germinate and grow to 30-40 cm, selecting a robust young shoot at the top end to grow vertically, culturing the young shoot into a future main trunk and a horizontal central trunk, and leveling the rest young shoots by using a branch puller as auxiliary culture branches;
and step 3: when the peach tree grows to 2.0m, horizontally bending the remained robust young shoots at a position 0.8-1.0 m away from the ground in the forward direction, and culturing to form a horizontal central stem;
and 4, step 4: performing stroking treatment when the sprouting young shoots on the main branches grow to 20-30 cm;
and 5: in the middle ten days of 8 months, spraying a growth inhibitor to control the growth of most new shoots when the new shoots on the main branches grow to 30-50 cm;
step 6: thinning dense branches, weak branches, strong and strong branches, spindly branches and thick branches on main branches when cutting in winter;
and 7: after the new shoots germinate next year, thinning the over-dense shoots and the competitive shoots, removing one from the double shoots, and keeping the flowers under the tree crowns in shade when the fruits are in a hard core period;
and 8: when the young shoots grow to 30cm, spraying a growth inhibitor in time to control the growth of the young shoots;
and step 9: when pruning in winter, thinning dense branches, weak branches, strong branches and bare-grown branches, thinning thick branches or cutting short branches, reserving 1-2 robust bearing branches at the base of all bearing branch groups, retracting and pruning, and finally reserving 15-20 bearing branches for each main branch.
2. The method for cultivating peaches using the tree form of the horizontal central trunk multi-vertical main branch as claimed in claim 1, wherein only the young shoots growing upright on the back of the horizontal central trunk are kept in step 3 and cultivated as main branches; and removing other young shoots.
3. The method for cultivating peaches using the horizontal center trunk multi-erect main branch tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein the growth inhibitor in the steps 5 and 8 is 1000 times uniconazole or 300 times paclobutrazol.
4. The method for cultivating peaches using the horizontal central trunk multi-erect main branch tree as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the over-thick branches in the steps 6 and 9 is more than one third of the thickness of the main branches.
5. The method for cultivating peaches by using the horizontal central trunk multi-upright main branch tree form as claimed in claim 1, wherein the robust young shoots sprouting from the top ends of the main branches are continuously managed according to the method for managing the young shoots of the main branches in the same year of planting until the height of the trees is 2.5m to 3.5 m.
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