CN109156245B - Wall-shaped shaping method for multiple hedges of peach tree - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-trunk hedgerow wall-shaped shaping method for a peach tree, which comprises the following steps: the south and the north form lines, and the row spacing of the plants is 6m by 3 m; in the growth process of the peach trees, 2 trunks are reserved on each plant, and 2-3 main branches are reserved on each trunk; directly culturing fruiting branches on each main branch, adopting single branch for updating, and not culturing branch groups; selecting branches growing in the north-south direction and having large and long branches to draw branches as trunks, wherein the trunks are parallel to the ground; selecting a bare-rooted branch on the horizontal trunk; spraying paclobutrazol or PBO on the tree crown; when in winter pruning, long tips are adopted for pruning; pruning in summer in the growing season of the 2 nd year, continuously culturing the spindly branches growing on the horizontal branches, keeping 5-6 leaves of newly-developed rough branches on the main branches for short cutting or directly thinning, and retracting old branches without fruit setting; and (3) thinning out old branches bearing fruits in the current year and managing new thick and strong branches which do not grow in time when the old branches are cut in winter in the 2 nd year, and reserving the rest bearing branches newly formed in the current year for bearing fruits in the next year, and managing the old branches and the new strong branches every year.

Description

Wall-shaped shaping method for multiple hedges of peach tree

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture, and relates to a multi-trunk hedgerow wall-shaped shaping method for a peach tree.

Background

At present, the main tree forms adopted in peach production in China are as follows: the main trunk shape, the natural open heart shape and the like have the main problems that the shaping and trimming technology is relatively complex and is difficult to master by untrained fruit growers; the forming is slow, and the early yield is not high; the crown is too open and not enough in bearing capacity, and is easy to close after entering a high-yield period, so that the working environment of an orchard is poor, the ground illumination is poor, and grass cannot be grown; the volume of the tree crown is not large due to excessive splitting, illumination and fruiting are superficial, contradiction between yield and quality is prominent, and mechanization is difficult.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a multi-trunk hedgerow wall-shaped shaping method for a peach tree. By following the growth rule of the peach trees and creatively combining the advantages of different tree forms, the defects are avoided, and the fundamental problems of high difficulty in management of the peach trees and poor fruit quality are solved from the perspective of the shaping technology. The method combines the advantages of the trunk shape and the open heart shape, creates the advantages of good illumination of the trunk shape, obvious inter-row channels and mediocre tree vigor of the open heart shape, avoids the defects of large investment, high cost, difficult control of later tree vigor, poor illumination of the open heart shape, difficult trimming, large technical difficulty and more labor consumption of the trunk shape nursery stock, and is suitable for the modernized shaping management technical mode of large orchards and special orchards. The shaping technology perfectly integrates the trunk shape and the open heart shape, breaks through the traditional shaping mode, is simple and practical, is easy to understand and operate, has high yield and good quality, saves the seedling cost and the labor cost, is easy to manage, and is greatly helpful for improving the peach tree planting technology and the mechanization degree in China and improving the fruit quality and the economic benefit.

The invention aims to solve the following technical problems:

1. solves the problems of large seedling amount and high cost of close planting of peach trees.

2. The problem of excessive growth and vigorous growth of the peach trees is solved.

3. The problems of poor illumination of the peach trees and poor fruit quality are solved.

4. The problem of the peach tree inter-row passageway is not obvious, is difficult to mechanize is solved.

The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a multi-stem hedgerow wall-shaped shaping method for peach trees comprises the following steps:

step 1, when peach seedlings are planted in a field, forming rows from north to south, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 6m x 3m, the row spacing of the plants is 6m, the row spacing of the plants is 3m, and 37 plants per mu are planted;

and 2, setting the trunk of the peach seedling to be dry and the height to be 30-40 cm.

And 3, after ten days in the middle of the month, selecting branches growing in the north-south direction and having large and long vigor for branch pulling, wherein the branches are respectively in the north-south direction and have an angle of about 30 degrees with the ground.

4, selecting upright branches on the trunks in the north-south direction in late ten days of 6 months, selecting 1-3 branches on each trunk according to tree vigor conditions, thinning out branches in other directions, only keeping the upright main branches, and if no upright main branches exist, straightening other branches by using bamboo poles;

step 5, after 7, spraying paclobutrazol or PBO on the crown to promote the formation of flower buds; the paclobutrazol is recommended to be sprayed for 1 time at the multiple of 200-fold of 250-fold, or the PBO is sprayed for 1 time at the multiple of 100-fold of 150-fold.

And 6, trimming by adopting long tips when performing winter trimming.

Further, the method also comprises the following steps:

and 7, adjusting the inclination angle of the main branches in the north-south direction to be horizontal at the end of 4 months in the 2 nd year, and continuously culturing the vertical branches growing on the horizontal branches, wherein the average distance between every two main branches is about 1m-1.2 m.

And 8, in the 2 nd year for 5-6 months, trimming the upper part (the upper 1/3 of the height of the main branch) of each main branch for 2 times, wherein the trimming is carried out once in each of 5 months and 6 months, only the weak branches are reserved, and the branches with the length of more than 0.6cm are thinned.

And step 9, in 5-6 months in the 2 nd year, 5-6 leaves of the rough branches (the thickness is more than 0.6 cm) at the middle part and the lower part of each main branch are retained for short cutting or directly thinned, and the old branches without fruit setting retract again.

Step 10, spraying paclobutrazol or PBO on the crown to promote the formation of flower buds after 7 middle ten days of the 2 nd year; the paclobutrazol is recommended to be sprayed for 1 time at the multiple of 200-fold of 250-fold, or the PBO is sprayed for 1 time at the multiple of 100-fold of 150-fold.

And 11, thinning out old branches bearing fruits in the current year and new branches with the thickness of more than 0.8cm when the seedlings are cut in winter in the 2 nd year, and reserving the rest branches for bearing fruits in the next year, and managing the old branches and the new branches every year.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the multi-stem hedgerow wall-shaped shaping method for the peach trees has the following advantages that:

1. wide planting distance and small row spacing, not only fully utilizes the intra-row space and the three-dimensional space, but also ensures that the inter-row channel meets the mechanized requirement.

2. The nursery stock consumption is reduced, the consumption of the trunk-shaped nursery stock is about 220-330 plants per mu, the consumption of the open-core-shaped nursery stock is about 56 plants per mu, and the consumption of the nursery stock of the invention per mu is only 37 plants.

3. The characteristics of vigorous growth and easy closing of peach trees are improved, the branches are uniformly distributed, the illumination is sufficient, the fruit bearing is uniform, and the yield and the quality are high.

4. The working environment of the peach orchard is improved, and the smooth development of the work of weeding, flower and fruit thinning, trimming, picking and the like is facilitated.

5. The technology is simple and easy to master, and labor and force are saved.

In a word, the invention has the characteristics of reduced seedling input cost, three-dimensional result, good illumination, high yield, good quality, obvious inter-row channel and contribution to mechanization, and is suitable for popularization and application.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.

The observation result of the invention in the test garden of Zhengzhou fruit tree institute of Chinese academy of agricultural sciences is as follows: the test variety is the number 5 peach, 37 peaches are planted in each mu of the tree form, the average yield of the peaches in a 3-year-old natural fruiting state (without thinning fruits) is about 83-112 kg, the average yield per mu is about 3000-4100 kg, and the average single fruit weight is 231 g; the tree form is a trunk form in contrast, 330 plants are planted per mu, the average yield of the plants in a 3-year-old natural fruiting state (without thinning fruits) is about 8-11 kg, the average yield per mu is about 2600-3700 kg, and the average weight of a single fruit is 228 g; by contrast, the peach tree pruning machine can effectively weaken tree vigor, promote flower bud formation and fruit setting, is stable in fruit setting, only accounts for 11.21% of the main trunk shape of peach seedlings, improves yield by about 12.70% compared with the main trunk shape, has few overgrown branches, and can remarkably reduce pruning labor.

The invention adopts one or more branches, each main branch grows vertically and presents the appearance characteristic of a fence wall shape. One horizontal trunk is cultured in the north-south direction, and 2-3 main branches are grown on each horizontal trunk. The main branches grow vertically or semi-vertically and are vertical to the horizontal trunk. Each main branch is directly connected with a bearing branch, and no lateral branch is cultured.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and the present invention is not limited thereto The technical solutions can be obviously obtained by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present disclosure Single change or equivalent substitution all fall within the protection scope of the present invention。

Claims (1)

1. A wall-shaped shaping method for a multi-trunk peach tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, when peach seedlings are planted in a field, forming rows from north to south, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 6m x 3m, the row spacing of the plants is 6m, the row spacing of the plants is 3m, and 37 plants per mu are planted;

step 2, setting the trunk of the peach seedling to be 30-40cm high;

after 3, 5, after ten days in the middle of the month, selecting branches growing in the north-south direction and thick and long branches to pull branches, wherein the branches are respectively in the north-south direction and form an angle of 30 degrees with the ground;

step 4, selecting upright branches on the trunks in the north-south direction in late ten days of the month 6, selecting 1-3 branches on each trunk according to tree vigor conditions, thinning out branches in other directions, only keeping the upright main branches, and if no upright main branches exist, straightening other branches by using bamboo poles to replace the upright main branches;

step 5, after 7, spraying paclobutrazol or PBO on the crown to promote the formation of flower buds;

step 6, trimming by adopting long tips during winter trimming;

step 7, adjusting the inclination angle of the main branches in the north-south direction to be horizontal at the end of 4 months in the 2 nd year, continuously culturing upright branches growing on the horizontal branches, and averagely keeping the distance between every two main branches to be 1-1.2 m;

8, pruning the upper part of each main branch for 2 times in 5-6 months in the 2 nd year, wherein the pruning is carried out once in 5 months and once in 6 months, only the weak branches are reserved, and the branches with the length of more than 0.6cm are thinned out;

step 9, in the 2 nd year for 5-6 months, 5-6 leaves of the rough branches at the middle part and the lower part of each main branch are reserved for cutting or directly thinning, and old branches without fruit setting retract again;

step 10, spraying paclobutrazol or PBO on the crown to promote the formation of flower buds after 7 middle ten days of the 2 nd year;

and 11, thinning out old branches bearing fruits in the current year and new branches with the thickness of more than 0.8cm when the seedlings are cut in winter in the 2 nd year, and reserving the rest branches for bearing fruits in the next year, and managing the old branches and the new branches every year.