CN114158412B - Method for seamlessly updating grape variety by trunk high-position grafting - Google Patents
Method for seamlessly updating grape variety by trunk high-position grafting Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for seamlessly updating grape varieties by trunk high-position grafting, which belongs to the technical field of grape grafting, and comprises the following steps: step 1, reserving scion variety branches; step 2, grafting scion variety branches; step 3, culturing scion varieties; step 4, pruning the branches of the original variety; step 5, culturing scion varieties; step 6, trimming auxiliary shoots of the scion varieties and carrying out conventional management on the scion varieties; the method for updating the grape variety solves the problems of no yield, complex subsequent bud picking, weak scion development of new variety, messy grafting positions and the like in the current year of updating.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of grape grafting, and particularly relates to a method for seamlessly updating grape varieties by trunk high-position grafting.
Background
In recent years, the grape industry in China has rapidly developed, and grape varieties are gradually enriched. In grape cultivation, the tree body of the scion variety is often required to be shoveled off from the tree body of the original variety in the planting field due to the replacement of the grape variety.
Chinese patent CN112868463a discloses a method for changing vineyard varieties, comprising the steps of: 1. preparation of scion: collecting grape branches of annual scion varieties in 11 months of the first year, carrying out lamination treatment, digging out in 3 months of the second year, cutting the grape branches into scions with the length of 3-5 cm, wherein each segment of scion has 1-2 buds, and storing at the temperature of 4-7 ℃; 2. preparation of a stock: cutting off the grape seedlings to be updated in 11 months of the first year, selecting a branch topping treatment as a stock after the grape seedlings to be updated grow slightly 5-6 leaves in the second year, and erasing the rest new shoots; 3. working before grafting: cutting the scion obtained in the step 1 into a wedge shape in the next 4 th month, cutting a long inclined plane with the length of 1.5-2.5 cm on the back of the top-most bud, and cutting an inclined plane with the length of 1-2 cm on the other side; 4. grafting: firstly longitudinally cutting the lateral edge of the central line of the cross section of the stock in the next 4 th month, wherein the longitudinal cutting depth is 2-3 cm, then inserting the long inclined plane of the cut scion into the stock inwards, and wrapping the grafting interface with a film; 5. and (3) post-grafting management: erasing new buds growing on the stock in time after grafting is completed, removing the film for binding when the grafting joint begins to expand, and managing according to a grape cultivation management mode; the patent has no yield in the same year of grafting, and the tree body below the grafting port has more bud eyes, the new buds can continuously germinate, the buds need to be frequently smeared 1-2 years after grafting, and the workload is high.
As another example, chinese patent CN113141898A discloses a grafting and seed changing method that does not affect the current annual yield of grapes, comprising the following steps: 1. culturing the latent buds, fully irrigating the whole field with special germination accelerating liquid 15 days before germination in spring and spraying the latent buds for 2 times, wherein each time is 7 days apart, keeping soil in the field moist, and promoting germination of the latent buds; 2. green branch grafting, grafting in time after semi-lignification of the crossed branches in spring and summer; 3. pulling the branches, namely pulling the grafted branches in time, so as to ensure the upright growth of scions; 4. timely cutting off the steel pipe; 5. reasonably pruning; although continuous results are realized, the hidden buds are weak in development, the green branch grafting time is late, the scion growth time is short, the tree body is not easy to build, and a large amount of subsequent bud picking work cannot be avoided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for updating a grape variety by trunk high-position grafting without seams, aiming at the defects of the prior art, wherein the method for updating the grape variety has the problems of no yield in the current year, complex subsequent bud picking, weak scion development of new varieties, messy grafting positions and the like, and the method for updating the grape variety comprises the following steps:
step 1, reserving scion variety branches:
step 1.1, after grape vine leaves fall, annual mature branches of scion varieties are collected;
step 1.2, bundling 20-30 annual mature branches into a bundle by adopting a branch bundling belt;
step 1.3, obliquely placing the bunched annual mature branches into a soil pit with the depth of 1.2-1.5 m;
step 1.4, filling gaps of annual mature branches of the bundle by using wet sand;
step 1.5, filling, and then continuously using annual mature branches which are buried into bundles by using 40-70 meshes of river sand;
step 1.6, after the mature branches are completely buried, continuing to be buried until a sand layer with the thickness of 30cm is formed;
step 2, grafting scion variety branches:
step 2.1, taking out the scion variety branches reserved in the step 1, and shearing the scion variety branches into 5-8 grafting segments containing single buds from internode positions of the scion variety branches;
2.2, soaking the grafting segment in the step 2.1 for 1-2 hours by using clear water, taking out the grafting segment after the grafting segment absorbs water, and wrapping the grafting segment by using a wet towel for standby;
step 2.3, selecting the high position of the trunk of the original variety as a grafting point, and removing the necrotic old bark in the upper 5cm and the lower 5cm of the grafting point by using a grafting knife to expose the new bark;
step 2.4, selecting a region on the outer side of the new bark in the step 2.3, cutting downwards by using a grafting knife on the upper edge of the region, and stopping cutting until the grafting knife is flush with the lower edge of the region, wherein the grafting knife is 30 degrees with the trunk of the original variety and the cutting depth is 3-5 mm;
2.5, continuously using a grafting knife to cut straight downwards at an angle of 45-60 ℃ at a position 0.5cm above the lower edge of the area until the grafting knife is converged with the cutting end point of the step 2.4, cutting off a piece of tree body, exposing a xylem and forming a jogged position;
step 2.6, taking out 1 grafting segment wrapped by the wet towel in step 2.2, wherein the grafting segment is 30 degrees with the grafting knife, and cutting the grafting segment from the position 1cm right above the bud of the grafting segment to the position 1cm below the bud in a nearly circular arc-shaped trend around the bud of the grafting segment by using the grafting knife;
step 2.7, continuously using a grafting knife to cut the bud with the xylem obliquely downwards from 0.5cm below the bud of the grafting segment at an angle of 45-60 degrees to form a scion;
step 2.8, placing the scion in the step 2.7 at the embedding position in the step 2.5, aligning the scion with the xylem of the original variety, then tightly attaching the scion, spirally and tightly winding the embedding position upwards from the position 2cm below the embedding position by using a grafting special adhesive tape, winding the scion around the bud, winding the scion to the position 2cm above the embedding position, and tightly binding the grafting special adhesive tape;
step 2.9, after grafting, watering until soil is wet every 5 days, and watering for 3 times;
step 3, culturing scion varieties:
step 3.1, after the scion variety grows out of the new shoots, only 1 strong new shoots are reserved, and the survival rate of grafting is counted;
step 3.2, when the strong young shoots grow on the shed frame or the hedge frame, pulling the strong young shoots by using binding ropes;
step 3.3, picking the core when the strong young shoots grow to be 5-10 cm away from the top of the trunk of the original variety;
step 3.4, picking the core when the secondary side shoots of the scion variety grow out 4-5 leaves, and reserving 1-2 leaves for repeated core picking after the secondary side shoots germinate;
step 4, pruning the branches of the original variety:
step 4.1, harvesting and putting the fruits of the original variety in the next ten days of 6 months of the current year in a shelf after the fruits are ripe;
step 4.2, cutting off the trunk of the original variety at a position 5cm above the grafting point in the step 2.3;
step 4.3, cutting branches and trunks of the original variety into 6-10 sections by using pruning shears, and completely removing the frame surface;
step 4.4, coating paint or fruit tree healing agent on the cut of the trunk of the original variety;
step 5, culturing scion varieties:
step 5.1, binding the branches of the scion variety on the frame surface after pruning the branches of the original variety;
step 5.2, dressing high nitrogen compound fertilizer outside the root and watering to keep soil moist;
step 5.3, spraying urea aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5% on the leaf surfaces of the scion varieties for 5 times every 3 days;
step 6, trimming auxiliary shoots of the scion varieties, and conventionally managing the scion varieties:
and trimming the auxiliary shoots of the scion varieties in 10-11 months in the same year, reserving 1 plump bud for each auxiliary shoot of the scion varieties, and reserving 2 buds when the bud development on the auxiliary shoots of the scion varieties is weaker.
Further, in the step 1.1, annual mature branches with the length of 60-80 cm, the diameter of 8-10 mm and 5-7 full bud eyes are selected.
Further, in step 1.3, the inclination angle is 30 ° to 45 °.
Further, in step 1.4, the preparation of wet sand includes:
sieving the river sand by using a 40-70 mesh sieve, sterilizing the sieved fine sand at high temperature and high pressure, and soaking the fine sand into distilled water to obtain wet sand, wherein the water content of the wet sand is 60% -70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the river sand (in a state of being in a ball-shaped and falling to the ground or scattering state by hand).
Further, in the step 2, the grafting time is 1-2 months in the next year and the grape injury period is later.
Further, in the step 2.3, when the trunk of the original variety is high-positioned on the trellis, the position 1.5-1.7 m away from the ground is selected, and when the trunk of the original variety is high-positioned on the hedge trellis, the position 0.6-0.8 m away from the ground is selected.
Further, in the step 2.4, the length of the area is 3-4 cm, the width is 1-1.5 cm, the surface of the new bark is smooth, when the grafting knife is used for cutting, the thumb of one hand presses the knife back to apply force at a constant speed, and the included angle between the knife face and the trunk of the original variety is gradually reduced.
Further, in step 2.8, the length of the bud with xylem is less than or equal to the length of the chimeric site.
Further, in the step 5.2, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer consists of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate, and the fertilizing amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 20-25 kg/mu, wherein nitrogen in the urea accounts for 20-22% of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, phosphorus in the diammonium phosphate accounts for 16-18% of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and potassium in the potassium nitrate accounts for 12-15% of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the method for updating the grape variety provided by the invention selects the high position of the trunk of the original variety as the grafting point, so that the time for covering the frame surface by the new shoots of the scion variety can be shortened.
2. According to the grape variety updating method, the trunk of the perennial original variety is selected, so that branches are fewer, bud picking is not needed under a grafting opening, and labor is saved.
3. The method for updating the grape variety is convenient for manual operation because the grafting part has no interference of branches and leaves.
4. According to the grape variety updating method, early spring grape is selected to be grafted after the wounded period is over, and the grafting period is 1.5-2 months earlier than that of green branch grafting, so that scions can grow fully and store nutrients, and the next year of fruiting is facilitated.
5. The grape variety updating method is used for grape grafting, the grafting survival rate is higher than 90%, and the yield of the grapes in the season can be ensured.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a method for updating grape variety according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mature branch of the grafted honey grape in example 1;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the young shoots of the honey grape of example 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of pruning summer black grape trunks in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a mature branch of grape grafted with Ruiduxiang jade in example 3;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the young grape shoots cultured at run 3;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of pruning the branches of giant rose grape in example 3.
Detailed Description
Examples of the method for updating grape variety according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Example 1
In 2019, in a scientific research innovation base, five-year-old summer black grapes planted in a sunlight greenhouse are updated into self-raising grape varieties with honey light through the grape variety updating method, the tree shape of the planted summer black grapes is a smooth horizontal dragon stem, the tree shape is a small shed frame, the plant spacing is 0.8m, the line spacing is 5m, and the tree height is 1.8m.
The method for updating the grape variety comprises the following steps:
step 1, storing mature branches of honey grape:
selecting out the honey grape mature branches which are trimmed in winter and have the diameter of 8mm, the length of 60cm and 5 full bud eyes, bundling every 20 honey grape mature branches, tilting the honey grape mature branches which are bundled up in the growth direction and are bundled up by 30 degrees into a soil pit with the depth of 1.2m, filling gaps of the bundled honey grape mature branches with moist fine sand, continuously filling 40-mesh river sand after filling, and continuously filling the honey grape mature branches into a sand layer with the thickness of 30cm after the honey grape mature branches are completely embedded;
as shown in fig. 2, step 2, grafting mature branches of honey grape:
in 1 middle of 2019, the temperature of the greenhouse is increased, and after the grape injury period passes, grafting is carried out on 9 days of 2 months, wherein the grafting method comprises the following steps: taking out reserved honey mature branches, shearing the honey grape branches into 5 grafting sections containing single buds from internode positions of the honey mature branches, soaking the grafting sections for 2 hours by using clear water, wrapping the grafting sections by using a wet towel after the grafting sections fully absorb water, keeping moisture for later use, selecting a position 1.5m away from the ground of a summer black grape trunk as a grafting point, removing necrotic old bark in the 5cm position and the 5cm position below the grafting point by using a grafting knife to expose new bark, selecting a smooth-surface area with the length of 3cm and the width of 1.5cm outside the exposed new bark of the summer black grape trunk, cutting downwards at the upper edge of the area by using a grafting knife with the depth of 30 degrees with the summer black grape trunk, cutting to be parallel and level with the lower edge of the area, then cutting off a tree body at the position 0.5cm above the lower edge of the area, continuously using the grafting knife to cut down obliquely at an angle of 45 degrees, and exposing a wood part to form a jogged position; at the moment, taking out a honey grape grafting segment from a wet towel, taking the honey grape grafting segment and a grafting knife to form 30 degrees, starting from a position 1cm above a grafting segment bud, cutting the grafting segment bud to a position 1cm below the bud in a nearly circular arc-shaped trend, continuously using the grafting knife to cut the bud with a xylem downwards in a 45-degree oblique direction from a position 0.5cm below the grafting segment bud, forming a scion, immediately aligning the honey grape scion to a jogged position of a summer black grape trunk, then tightly attaching the scion, starting to tightly wind the jogged position in a spiral way from a position 2.5cm below the jogged position by using a grafting special adhesive tape, winding the grafting body around the position 2cm above the jogged position, firmly binding the grafting special adhesive tape, preventing the grafting port from evaporating, watering for 1 time every 5 days after the grafting is finished, and watering for 3 times to keep soil moist;
as shown in fig. 3, step 3, culture of honey light grape young shoots:
extracting inflorescences from new tips of summer black grapes in 3 months and 10 days in 2019, reserving only one fruiting branch and one full inflorescences on each fruiting parent branch, and thinning the rest in time;
after the honey light grape grows to grow new tips, only 1 strong new tip is reserved, grafting survival rate is counted, when the strong new tips grow to the height of the frame surface, the new tips are pulled to the direction of the frame surface by using binding ropes, the core is picked when the length of the strong new tips is 8cm away from the top end of the main trunk of the summer black grape, so that the lignification of the new tips and the development of the auxiliary tips are promoted, the core is picked when the auxiliary tips of the honey light grape grow out of 4 leaves, and 2 leaves are reserved for repeated core picking after the secondary auxiliary tips germinate;
as shown in fig. 4, in step 4, pruning the summer black grape branches:
in late 6 th year of 2019, the summer black grapes are ripe, the summer black grapes are timely harvested, after harvesting, the trunk of the summer black grapes is cut off at a position 5cm above the grafting point in a flat way, branches and trunks of the summer black grapes are cut into 8 sections by using pruning shears, the frame surfaces are removed completely, and then paint is smeared at the cut of the trunk of the summer black grapes so as to prevent water evaporation and insect invasion;
step 5, culturing the honey grape:
after pruning the branches of summer black grapes, binding the branches of the honey grapes on a frame surface, and in order to enable the branches of the honey grapes to accumulate sufficient nutrients for the branches to mature and winter bud development, applying a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer which consists of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate to 20kg roots per mu, spraying urea aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5% on the leaf surfaces of the honey grapes for 1 time every 3 days, and continuously spraying for 5 times;
step 6, trimming the secondary tips of the honey grape:
pruning the secondary tips of the honey grape in the late 10 th 2019 month before entering winter, reserving 1 plump bud to be used as a fruiting parent branch in the next growing season, and reserving 2 buds when the winter buds on the secondary tips of the honey grape are weaker in development;
and the honey grape is routinely managed, and the fruit ripening conditions are respectively counted in the 7 th month and the 6 th month of 2020 and the 13 th month of 2021, and the statistical results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 scion variety Honey light grape maturity statistics table
Example 2
In 2019, in a scientific research innovation base, the five-year-old victoria grapes planted in a sunlight greenhouse are updated into new varieties of sunlight rose grapes through the grape variety updating method, the tree shape of the planted victoria grapes is a horizontal dragon stem which is smooth, the tree shape is a small shed frame, the plant spacing is 0.8m, the line spacing is 5m, and the tree height is 1.8m.
The method for updating the grape variety comprises the following steps:
step 1, reserving mature branches of sunlight rose grapes:
selecting sunlight rose grape mature branches which are trimmed in winter and have the diameter of 9mm, the length of 70cm and the 6 full bud eyes, bundling every 25 sunlight rose grape mature branches, tilting the sunlight rose grape mature branches which grow upwards and are bundled into a soil pit with the depth of 1.4m by 30 degrees, filling gaps of the bundled sunlight rose grape mature branches with moist fine sand, continuously filling with 60-mesh river sand after filling, and continuously filling with sand until a sand layer with the thickness of 30cm is formed after the mature branches are completely embedded;
step 2, grafting mature branches of sunlight rose grape:
in 1 middle of 2019, the temperature of the greenhouse is increased, and after the grape injury period passes, grafting is carried out on 11 days of 2 months, wherein the grafting method comprises the following steps: taking out reserved mature branches of the sunlight muscat, cutting the branches of the sunlight muscat into 6 grafting segments containing single buds from internode positions of the mature branches of the sunlight muscat, soaking the grafting segments for 2 hours by using clear water, wrapping the grafting segments by using a wet towel after the grafting segments fully absorb water for moisturizing for standby, selecting a position, which is 1.5m away from the ground, of a trunk of the Victoria grape as a grafting point, removing necrotic old bark in the position, which is 5cm above the grafting point, of the position, which is 5cm below the grafting point, by using a grafting knife, exposing new bark, selecting a smooth-surface area with the length of 3cm and the width of 1.5cm outside the exposed new bark of the trunk of the Victoria grape, cutting downwards at the upper edge of the area by using a grafting knife which is 30 degrees with the depth of 4mm until the grafting knife is flush with the lower edge of the area, then cutting downwards and straight cutting at the angle of 45 degrees continuously using the grafting knife at the position, which is 0.5cm above the lower edge of the area, cutting off a tree body, exposing xylem to form a jogged position, taking out a sunlight rose grape grafting segment from a wet towel, taking the sunlight rose grape grafting segment and a grafting knife to form 30 degrees, starting from the position 1cm right above the bud of the grafting segment, cutting the grafting segment around the bud of the grafting segment to the position 1cm obliquely below the bud in a nearly circular arc trend, continuously using the grafting knife to cut the bud with the xylem downwards in a 45-degree oblique direction from the position 0.5cm below the bud of the grafting segment to form a scion, immediately aligning the sunlight rose grape scion to the jogged position of the trunk of the Victoria grape, tightly attaching the sunlight rose grape scion, starting from the position 2.5cm below the jogged position by using a special grafting adhesive tape, spirally and tightly winding the jogged position upwards, bypassing the bud, winding the grafting adhesive tape to the position 2cm above the jogged position, firmly binding the grafting adhesive tape to prevent evaporation of the grafting opening, pouring 1 time every 5 days after the grafting is finished, watering for 3 times to keep soil moist;
step 3, culturing sunlight rose grape young shoots:
the new tip of the Victoria grape is extracted from the grape in the 3 rd month 13 th 2019, only one fruiting branch and one full inflorescence are reserved on each fruiting parent branch, and the rest is removed in time;
after the sunlight rose grape grows to form new shoots, only 1 strong new shoots are reserved, grafting survival rate is counted, when the strong new shoots grow to the height of the frame surface, the new shoots are pulled to the direction of the frame surface by using binding ropes, the core is removed when the length of the strong new shoots is 10cm different from the top end of the trunk of the Victoria grape, so that the lignification of the new shoots and the development of the auxiliary shoots are promoted, the core is removed when the auxiliary shoots of the sunlight rose grape grow to form 4 leaves, and 2 leaves are reserved after the secondary auxiliary shoots germinate;
step 4, pruning the vinia branches:
in late 6 th year of 2019, the victoria grapes are ripe, the victoria grapes are timely harvested, after harvesting, the victoria grape trunks are cut off at a position 5cm above the grafting points in a flat way, branches and trunks of the victoria grapes are cut into 8 sections by using pruning shears, then the frame surfaces are removed completely, and then paint is smeared at the cutting openings of the trunks of the victoria grapes so as to prevent water evaporation and insect invasion;
step 5, culturing the sunlight rose grape:
after cutting off the branches of the Victoria grapes, binding the branches of the sunlight muscat grapes on a frame surface, in order to enable the branches of the sunlight muscat grapes to accumulate sufficient nutrients for the branches to mature and winter bud development, applying a high-nitrogen compound fertilizer which consists of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate to 20kg of branches per mu of land, and spraying urea aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5% on the leaf surfaces of the sunlight muscat grapes for 1 time and 5 times continuously every 3 days;
step 6, pruning the auxiliary tips of the sunlight rose grapes:
pruning the auxiliary shoots of the sunlight rose grapes in the late 10 th 2019 and before winter, reserving 1 plump bud to be used as a fruiting parent branch in the next growing season, and reserving 2 buds when the winter buds on the auxiliary shoots of the sunlight rose of the scion variety are weaker in development;
and the regular management of the sunlight rose grape, the fruit ripening conditions are counted respectively at the 24 th month of 2020 and the 2 nd month of 2021, and the statistical results are shown in Table 2:
table 2 scion variety sunlight rose grape maturation statistics table
Example 3
In 2019, in a certain test base, six-year-old giant-rose grapes planted in a greenhouse are updated into new varieties of Rui-Du-Xiang-Yu grapes through the grape variety updating method, the tree shape of the planted giant-rose grapes is single-arm horizontal dragon stem, the frame potential is V-shaped hedge frames, each plant distance is 0.8m, each row distance is 2m, and the frame height is 1.2m.
The method for updating the grape variety comprises the following steps:
step 1, reserving mature branches of Ruiduxiang grape:
selecting out mature branches of Rui-Du-fragrant grape with the diameter of 10mm, the length of 80cm and 7 full bud eyes which are trimmed in winter in 2018, bundling every 30 mature branches of Rui-Du-fragrant grape into a bundle, tilting the growth direction of the mature branches of Rui-Du-fragrant grape upwards and bundling the mature branches of Rui-Du-fragrant grape by 30 degrees into a soil pit with the depth of 1.5m, filling gaps of the bundled mature branches of Rui-Du-fragrant grape with wet fine sand, continuously filling with river sand with the size of 70 meshes after filling, and continuously filling until a sand layer with the thickness of 30cm is formed after the mature branches of Rui-Du-fragrant grape are completely buried;
as shown in fig. 5, step 2, grafting mature branches of the Ruiduxiang grape:
in the middle 2 th 2019, the greenhouse is heated, and grafting is carried out on 16 days of 2 months after the grape injury period, wherein the grafting method comprises the following steps: taking out the reserved mature branches of the Rui-all fragrant grape, cutting the mature branches of the Rui-all fragrant grape into 7 grafting segments containing single buds from internode positions of the mature branches of the Rui-all fragrant grape, soaking the grafting segments in clear water for 2 hours, wrapping the grafting segments with wet towels to preserve moisture for standby after the grafting segments fully absorb water, selecting the position of the trunk of the giant-rose grape 0.8m away from the ground as a grafting point, removing necrotic old bark in 5cm and 5cm below the grafting point by using a grafting knife to expose new bark, selecting a smooth area with the length of 3cm and the width of 1.5cm outside the trunk of the giant-rose grape, cutting downwards at the upper edge of the area by using a grafting knife which is 30 degrees with the trunk of the giant-rose grape, cutting depth of 5mm till the grafting is flush with the lower edge of the area, then cutting downwards at the lower edge of the area by 45 degrees continuously using the grafting knife at the position of 0.5cm above the lower edge of the area, cutting off a tree body, exposing xylem to form a jogged position, taking out a giant muscat grafting segment from a wet towel, taking the grafting segment and a grafting knife to form 30 degrees, starting from the position 1cm above the grafting segment bud body, cutting the grafting segment bud body to the position 1cm below the grafting segment bud body in a nearly circular arc-shaped trend, continuously using the grafting knife to cut the bud body with xylem downwards in a 45-degree inclined manner from the position 0.5cm below the grafting segment bud body to form a scion, immediately aligning the Rui-fragrant muscat scion to the jogged position of the giant muscat trunk, tightly pasting the grafting segment, starting from the position 2.5cm below the jogged position by using a special grafting adhesive tape, spirally winding the jogged position upwards, bypassing the bud body, winding the grafting segment bud body to the position 2cm above the jogged position, firmly binding the special grafting adhesive tape, preventing the evaporation of the grafting opening, watering 1 time every 5 days after the grafting is finished, watering 3 times, to keep the soil moist;
as shown in fig. 6, step 3, culture of the new tip of the rex Dou Xiangyu grape:
the new tip of the giant rose grape is extracted from the inflorescence in 3 months and 20 days of 2019, only one fruiting branch and one full inflorescence are reserved on each fruiting parent branch, and the rest are removed in time;
after the Rui-Du fragrant grape grows out of the new tips, only 1 strong new tip is reserved, the grafting survival rate is counted, when the strong new tip grows to the height of the frame surface, the new tip is pulled to the direction of the frame surface by using a binding rope, the core is plucked when the length of the strong new tip is 5cm away from the top end of the trunk of the giant rose grape, so that the lignification of the new tip and the development of the auxiliary tip are promoted, the core is plucked when the auxiliary tip of the Rui-Du fragrant grape grows out of 4 leaves, and 2 leaves are reserved for repeated core plucking after the secondary auxiliary tip germinates;
as shown in fig. 7, in step 4, the branches of the megaroses are pruned:
in late 6 th year of 2019, the giant muscat grape is ripe, timely harvesting is carried out, after harvesting, the trunk of the giant muscat grape is cut off at a flat mouth 5cm above a grafting point, branches and the trunk of the giant muscat grape are cut into 6 sections by using pruning shears, the frame surface is completely removed, and then paint is smeared at the cut of the trunk of the giant muscat grape so as to prevent water evaporation and insect invasion;
step 5, culturing the Rui Dou Xiangyu grape:
after the branches of the giant rose grapes are sheared, the branches of the Rui-Du-Xiang-Yu grapes are bound on a frame surface, so that the branches of the Rui-Du-Xiang-Yu grapes accumulate sufficient nutrients for the maturation of the branches and the development of winter buds, 20kg of high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of the branches, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer consists of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate, and urea aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5% is sprayed on the leaf surfaces of the Rui-Du-Xiang-Yu grapes for 1 time every 3 days, and the spraying is carried out for 5 times continuously;
step 6, pruning auxiliary tips of the Ruiduxiang jade grapes:
pruning the auxiliary tip of the Rui-Du-Xiang-Yu grape in the late 10 th 2019 and before entering winter, reserving 1 full bud to serve as a fruiting parent branch of the next growing season, and reserving 2 buds when the winter bud on the auxiliary tip of the Rui-Du-Xiang-Yu grape is weaker in development;
and the grape is routinely managed: the fruit ripening conditions were counted at 14/6/2020 and 21/2021 respectively, and the statistics are shown in Table 3:
TABLE 3 statistical Table of scion variety Ruiduxiang Yu grape maturity
From tables 1, 2 and 3, it is shown that: the grafting survival rate of the grapes in 3 embodiments is higher than 90%. In example 1, after summer black grapes are replaced by honey grapes, the acre yield in 2021 reaches 1606.3kg, high yield is achieved, the acre yield in 2020 is 1042.8kg, and 64.9% of normal yield is achieved (1042.8/1606.3); example 2 after changing victoria grapes to sunlight rose grapes, the acre yield of 2021 reaches 1487.6kg, which is a high yield state, and the acre yield of 2020 reaches 911.2kg, which reaches 61.3% of the normal yield (911.2/1487.6); example 3 after the giant rose grape was changed to Rui Du Xiang Yu grape, the yield per mu in 2021 reached 1523.9kg, which was a high yield state, and the yield per mu in 2020 was 1022.5kg, which was 67.1% of the normal yield (1022.5/1523.9).
Finally, it should be understood that the foregoing description is merely illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and that no limitations are intended to the scope of the invention, as defined by the appended claims.
Claims (9)
1. The method for seamlessly updating the grape variety by trunk high grafting is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1, reserving scion variety branches:
step 1.1, after grape vine leaves fall, annual mature branches of scion varieties are collected;
step 1.2, bundling 20-30 annual mature branches into a bundle by adopting a branch bundling belt;
step 1.3, obliquely placing the bunched annual mature branches into a soil pit with the depth of 1.2-1.5 m;
step 1.4, filling gaps of annual mature branches of the bundle by using wet sand;
step 1.5, filling, and then continuously using annual mature branches which are buried into bundles by using 40-70 meshes of river sand;
step 1.6, after the mature branches are completely buried, continuing to be buried until a sand layer with the thickness of 30cm is formed;
step 2, grafting scion variety branches:
step 2.1, taking out the scion variety branches reserved in the step 1, and shearing the scion variety branches into 5-8 grafting segments containing single buds from internode positions of the scion variety branches;
2.2, soaking the grafting segment in the step 2.1 for 1-2 hours by using clear water, taking out the grafting segment after the grafting segment absorbs water, and wrapping the grafting segment by using a wet towel for standby;
step 2.3, selecting the high position of the trunk of the original variety as a grafting point, and removing the necrotic old bark in the upper 5cm and the lower 5cm of the grafting point by using a grafting knife to expose the new bark;
step 2.4, selecting a region on the outer side of the new bark in the step 2.3, cutting downwards by using a grafting knife on the upper edge of the region, and stopping cutting until the grafting knife is flush with the lower edge of the region, wherein the grafting knife is 30 degrees with the trunk of the original variety and the cutting depth is 3-5 mm;
2.5, continuously using a grafting knife to cut straight downwards at an angle of 45-60 ℃ at a position 0.5cm above the lower edge of the area until the grafting knife is converged with the cutting end point of the step 2.4, cutting off a piece of tree body, exposing a xylem and forming a jogged position;
step 2.6, taking out 1 grafting segment wrapped by the wet towel in step 2.2, wherein the grafting segment is 30 degrees with the grafting knife, and cutting the grafting segment from the position 1cm right above the bud of the grafting segment to the position 1cm below the bud in a nearly circular arc-shaped trend around the bud of the grafting segment by using the grafting knife;
step 2.7, continuously using a grafting knife to cut the bud with the xylem obliquely downwards from 0.5cm below the bud of the grafting segment at an angle of 45-60 degrees to form a scion;
step 2.8, placing the scion in the step 2.7 at the embedding position in the step 2.5, aligning the scion with the xylem of the original variety, then tightly attaching the scion, spirally and tightly winding the embedding position upwards from the position 2cm below the embedding position by using a grafting special adhesive tape, winding the scion around the bud, winding the scion to the position 2cm above the embedding position, and tightly binding the grafting special adhesive tape;
step 2.9, after grafting, watering until soil is wet every 5 days, and watering for 3 times;
step 3, culturing scion varieties:
step 3.1, after the scion variety grows out of the new shoots, only 1 strong new shoots are reserved, and the survival rate of grafting is counted;
step 3.2, when the strong young shoots grow on the shed frame or the hedge frame, pulling the strong young shoots by using binding ropes;
step 3.3, picking the core when the strong young shoots grow to be 5-10 cm away from the top of the trunk of the original variety;
step 3.4, picking the core when the secondary side shoots of the scion variety grow out 4-5 leaves, and reserving 1-2 leaves for repeated core picking after the secondary side shoots germinate;
step 4, pruning the branches of the original variety:
step 4.1, harvesting and putting the fruits of the original variety in the next ten days of 6 months of the current year in a shelf after the fruits are ripe;
step 4.2, cutting off the trunk of the original variety at a position 5cm above the grafting point in the step 2.3;
step 4.3, cutting branches and trunks of the original variety into 6-10 sections by using pruning shears, and completely removing the frame surface;
step 4.4, coating paint or fruit tree healing agent on the cut of the trunk of the original variety;
step 5, culturing scion varieties:
step 5.1, binding the branches of the scion variety on the frame surface after pruning the branches of the original variety;
step 5.2, dressing high nitrogen compound fertilizer outside the root and watering to keep soil moist;
step 5.3, spraying urea aqueous solution with the concentration of 0.5% on the leaf surfaces of the scion varieties for 5 times every 3 days;
step 6, trimming auxiliary shoots of the scion variety, and conventionally managing the scion variety comprises the following steps:
and trimming the auxiliary shoots of the scion varieties in 10-11 months in the same year, reserving 1 plump bud for each auxiliary shoot of the scion varieties, and reserving 2 buds when the bud development on the auxiliary shoots of the scion varieties is weaker.
2. The method for seamlessly updating grape varieties by trunk top grafting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.1, annual mature branches with the length of 60-80 cm, the diameter of 8-10 mm and 5-7 full bud eyes are selected.
3. The method for seamlessly updating grape variety by trunk top grafting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 1.3, the inclination angle is 30 ° to 45 °.
4. The method for seamlessly updating grape variety by trunk top grafting according to claim 1, wherein in step 1.4, the preparation of wet sand comprises: sieving the river sand by using a 40-70 mesh sieve, sterilizing the sieved fine sand at high temperature and high pressure, and soaking the fine sand into distilled water to obtain wet sand, wherein the water content of the wet sand is 60-70% of the maximum water holding capacity of the river sand.
5. The method for seamlessly updating grape varieties by trunk top grafting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, the grafting time is 1-2 months in the next year and the grape injury period is over.
6. The method for seamlessly updating grape varieties by high-position grafting of the trunk according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2.3, the trunk of the original variety is taken to be 1.5-1.7 m away from the ground when the trunk of the original variety is planted in a trellis, and the trunk of the original variety is taken to be 0.6-0.8 m away from the ground when the trunk of the original variety is planted in a hedge trellis.
7. The method for seamlessly updating grape varieties by trunk top grafting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2.4, the length of the area is 3-4 cm, the width is 1-1.5 cm, the surface of the new bark is smooth, when the grafting knife is used for cutting, the thumb of one hand presses the knife back to apply force at a constant speed, and the included angle between the knife face and the trunk of the original variety is gradually reduced.
8. The method for seamlessly updating grape variety by trunk top grafting according to claim 1, wherein in step 2.8, the length of the bud with xylem is less than or equal to the length of the chimeric site.
9. The method for seamlessly updating grape varieties by trunk top grafting according to claim 1, wherein in the step 5.2, the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer consists of urea, diammonium phosphate and potassium nitrate, the fertilizing amount of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer is 20-25 kg/mu, wherein the nitrogen in the urea accounts for 20-22% of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, the phosphorus in the diammonium phosphate accounts for 16-18% of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer, and the potassium in the potassium nitrate accounts for 12-15% of the high-nitrogen compound fertilizer.
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| CN101116411B (en) * | 2007-08-16 | 2010-10-06 | 湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所 | High stumped grafting method of vine |
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| CN106342487A (en) * | 2016-08-25 | 2017-01-25 | 合肥市田然农业科技园有限公司 | Grape cutting collecting, processing and storing method |
| CN107371822B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2020-04-14 | 志昌智慧农业科技股份有限公司 | Landscape grape big tree culture method |
| CN107637377A (en) * | 2017-11-28 | 2018-01-30 | 成都农彩农业有限公司 | A kind of grape cultivation method high liftoff 1.45m |
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| CN113141898B (en) * | 2021-06-02 | 2023-10-24 | 郴州市农业科学研究所 | Grafting and seed changing method without influencing current year yield of grapes |
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