CN112753471B - Method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branch - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branches, which comprises the following steps: (1) multiple points of up and down severe eye injury, promoting strong long branches; (2) opening an angle and balancing tree vigor; (3) reconstruction of thick upright bare branches; (4) protection against wound blackening and mildew; (5) updating the branch group; in the step (1), after the eyes are injured on the buds, in order to promote the growth of new shoots into robust long shoots, when the new shoots are 10cm long, smearing vaseline ointment with the mass ratio of 15mg/kg diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6) on the top ends; through the comprehensive application of the injury +DA-6, the long branches, the medium branches and the short branches in the persimmon crown layer are realized in the ratio of 5:3:2. The proportion of long branches which are more than or equal to 30cm and are sent out by the central trunk of the persimmon sapling after the treatment is 53.28 percent, which is 33.42 percent higher than that of the persimmon sapling which is not treated naturally; the average length of the young shoots is 137.04 percent higher than that of the control, the average roughness is 35.21 percent higher than that of the control, the average basal angle of the young shoots is 80 degrees, the waist angle is 85 degrees, and the formation of mixed flower buds at the front ends of the branches is facilitated.

Description

Method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branch

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of persimmon cultivation, in particular to a method for cultivating a healthy and strong fruiting parent branch or fruiting branch group of a persimmon, which is convenient for updating and rejuvenating the branch group, and specifically relates to cultivation of a healthy and strong fruiting parent branch of a persimmon, which reasonably utilizes the space of a canopy, increases the field yield and improves the quality of fruits.

Background

The pruning is an important management technology in the production process of fruit trees, the pruning can adjust the growth quantity of branch tips and the fruiting part, a reasonable crown structure is constructed, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the crown are improved, the light energy is effectively utilized, the commodity quality of fruits is improved, and the cultivation benefit of the fruit trees is increased. Fruit tree pruning generally has the dual effects of overall inhibition and local stimulation, and reasonable pruning amount is evaluated by taking care of the complementary relationship between the whole tree body and the local tree body. The climate conditions of the main production areas of the persimmon trees in China are different, and different climate conditions such as the south, the north, the mountain plains, the highland seas and the like directly influence the growth, the flower formation and the fruit setting of the persimmon trees, and the proper shearing quantity and shearing method are adopted for the tree production, and are regulated according to the land force and the water and fertilizer conditions of the persimmon orchard.

Persimmon is in a traditional tall tree shape, is multi-main, multi-lateral, multi-level and multi-branched; the branches with strong peripheral length are more, the inner bore is more, the branches are thin and weak due to poor illumination conditions, and as a result, the parent branches are less and weak, and the internal and external contradiction is difficult to regulate. The pruning method is characterized in that the peripheral extension branch is cut off, a fruiting branch group with a leading branch is cultivated, and the updated pruning method mainly comprises cutting off and retracting; the branches which are cut and retracted for many times grow poorly, and the nutrition conveying line is bent and multi-resistance, so that the tree body is presenilized and the fruit quality is poor.

The branch level of the Qiao Guanxi persimmon tree is five-level structure, namely, a trunk, a main branch, side branches, a fruiting branch group, a fruiting parent branch, and the structure level is huge and complicated, and the requirements on the pruning technical level are high. The cultivation method of persimmon tree fruiting mother branch and branch group is mainly characterized by that the method of firstly placing and then cutting, firstly cutting and then placing and fruiting branch group, using large-small-size branch group and retracting branch group, etc. the preparation of branch group on the main branch or side branch is more, but not extruded, the density is moderate, and the branches are visible light, and the front portion of main branch is mainly equipped with medium-small-size branch group, its density is small, and its middle-rear portion is mainly used for large-medium-size branch group, its density can be properly increased, and its main branch is mainly used for medium-small-size branch group, and its main branch is lower and two sides are mainly used for large-medium-size branch group.

The branch level of modern close-planted tree is gradually simplified into three-level structure, namely trunk, main branch and fruiting parent branch, and the close-planted persimmon garden tree has less branch level, and is characterized by quick shaping and forming, no need of spending a great deal of time to culture the tree skeleton structure, simple structure, easy learning and grasping, reasonable branch composition, short nutrient transportation route, high benefit, labor saving and labor saving management. The growth characteristics of the tips of the persimmon trees have important influence on reasonable pruning, and the top advantages of the persimmon trees are strong, the bottom advantages of the persimmon trees are weak, the lower parts and the inner bores of the branch groups are extremely prone to baldness, especially the branch groups with vertical angles are prone to baldness and bare, therefore, timely updating of the branch groups is an important measure for pruning the persimmon trees, and an important precondition for realizing updating of the persimmon branch groups by cultivating the strong female persimmon branches. In the process, the cultivation time of fruiting parent branches and branch groups of the persimmon trees is long, the time for entering stable fruiting is generally 3-5 years, and the canopy fruiting space is wasted.

Disclosure of Invention

Mixed buds or pure flower buds are planted on fruit branches of fruit trees such as apples, pears, peaches, plums and the like, the fruits are directly bloomed and bear fruits in the same year, persimmon is different from the fruit trees such as apples, pears and the like, the persimmon is a fruiting parent branch, and full buds at the front ends of the persimmon are germinated and become fruit branches. Therefore, the method for cultivating the strong fruiting parent branches is a precondition for realizing the yield and income increase of the persimmon, the traditional persimmon fruiting parent branch group and the cultivation time of the fruiting parent branches are long, and the method for cultivating the persimmon strong fruiting parent branches is created, wherein the time for cultivating the fruiting parent branches or the fruiting parent branch group is 1-2 years, the number of the fruiting parent branches or the fruiting parent branches is large, the canopy space is timely and reasonably utilized, the updating of the fruiting parent branch group is completed as soon as possible, the yield increase, the quality improvement and the efficiency increase in the persimmon production process are realized, and the method is labor-saving, labor-saving and efficient.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branches, the time for cultivating the fruiting parent branches or fruiting branch groups is 1-2 years, the quantity of long branches is large and thick, the hedge-shaped shaping target is realized early, the canopy space is reasonably utilized in time, the updating of the fruiting branch groups is completed early, the yield increase, quality improvement and efficiency improvement in the persimmon production process are realized, and the labor and effort are saved.

A method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branch comprises the following steps:

(1) Multiple points of up and down severe eye injury promote strong long branches;

(2) Opening angle, balance tree vigor

(3) Transforming thick upright bare branches;

(4) Protection against wound blackening and mildew;

(5) Updating branch groups;

in the step (1), persimmon trees are cultivated on the central trunk of the young trees, the strong fruiting branch groups are cultivated on the central trunk of the young trees, all buds on the central trunk are subjected to severe eye injuries except for the parts below 40cm of the base parts of the central trunk and the parts above 20cm of the top parts of the central trunk, a grafting knife or a branch scissors is used for eye injuries at the position of 0.5cm above the buds, the length is 1/2 of the circumference of the central trunk, and the incision is smooth and reaches 1-2 mm deep as compared with the xylem;

after the buds are injured, in order to promote the growth of new shoots into robust long shoots, when the new shoots are 10cm long, smearing vaseline ointment with the mass ratio of 15mg/kg diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6) on the top ends; through the comprehensive application of the injury +DA-6, the long branches, the medium branches and the short branches in the persimmon crown layer are realized with the ratio of 5:3:2;

in the step (2), young and tender shoots sent out after eye injury are more than or equal to 20cm, bamboo sticks with the thickness of 3.0mm and the length of 8.0cm are manufactured, and the two ends of each bamboo stick are pointed and thin, so that the bamboo sticks are shaped like toothpicks; one end of the bamboo stick is supported at the middle part of the tender tip, and the other end of the bamboo stick is inserted into the central stem to reach 1-2 mm deep into the xylem, so that the included angle between the base part of the new tip and the vertical line of the branch is more than or equal to 75 degrees;

the length of branches sent out after the injury of eyes is more than or equal to 45cm and is fully lignified, and the branches are pulled and opened; fixing hemp ropes or cloth strips for pulling branches, binding 2 crisscross wood strips or bamboo poles at branches of a persimmon tree trunk, wherein the thickness of the wood strips or the bamboo poles is about 25-30 mm, and the length of the wood strips or the bamboo poles is determined according to crown width of a tree body; after the branches are lightly kneaded up and down and left and right by hands, the movable buckling is carried out by using hemp ropes or cloth strips, and the other ends are bound on cross-shaped wood strips or bamboo poles to carry out branch pulling and opening); the comprehensive application of the bamboo sticks to prop and pull branches promotes the basal angle of the new shoots to be 80 degrees on average;

1-2 years of overgrowth branches which occur on the backs of backbone branches in the crown layer of the persimmon tree in the step (3) are transformed and utilized, namely overgrowth branches (more than or equal to 15 mm) which grow on the backs of backbone branches in the crown layer are transformed and utilized; on the back side of the base of the bare branch, namely in the opposite direction of the pulling branch, vertically carving 3-5 times by using a branch scissors, keeping 6-8 cm long and reaching a half of the scars of the xylem, holding the branch by hand to shake from light to heavy back and forth and right and left, sprain the xylem of the branch at the notch, fully activating and softening, twisting the branch in situ by hand by about 90 degrees, and pulling the branch by using a cloth strip or a hemp rope, so that the base angle of the branch is about 60 degrees, wherein the cloth strip or the hemp rope is also fixed on the cross-shaped wood strip or bamboo rod; wrapping the branches with a transparent plastic adhesive tape with the width of 18mm after the branches are carved and softened;

in the step (4), a five-in-one wound healing agent is provided; adding a proper amount of agar into a mixed solution of 0.5% of thiram and 0.01% of 2,4-D, then adding the thermally melted vaseline, stirring and condensing to obtain the wound healing agent; uniformly coating the healing agent on the cortex and xylem of the wound surface and the peripheral part close to the cortex;

in the step (5), the winter pruning of the persimmon orchard is changed into heavy pruning, and the single-axis extending fruiting branch group is cultivated through the measures of throwing and putting long branches and outer pedaling of inner buds, and the single-axis branch group extending trend is kept in the winter pruning; after the single-shaft fruit branches continue to fruit for 5-6 years, when the diameter of the single-shaft fruit branches exceeds 1/2 of the diameter of the trunk or backbone branches on which the single-shaft fruit branches grow, large branch replacement is carried out by the strong result parent branches or branch groups cultivated in advance.

Further, the eye injury in the step (1) is performed when the average air temperature is more than or equal to 14 ℃ in the spring day and in the continuous 3 days.

Further, in the culture process of the persimmon hedge-shaped branch group, if the thickness of the central trunk of the persimmon sapling planted in the current year is less than or equal to 1.0cm, the buds on the central trunk are not full, the tree vigor is weaker, stumping is carried out on the 10-15 cm position on the ground, a strong young shoot at the top is kept for vertical growth, and after one year, the young persimmon sapling is subjected to eye injury according to the method in spring of the next year;

cultivating small and medium-sized strong fruiting branch groups in the canopy of an adult persimmon tree, performing upper eye injury on buds at two sides and the lower part of annual strong branches in the canopy space in the last ten days of 6 months, and performing lower eye injury on buds at 0.5cm above the buds except buds with the base part of 20cm and the top part of 15 cm; the buds on the back of the branches are subject to ocular injury, 0.5cm below the buds are subject to ocular injury, and the buds with the base part of 15cm and the top part of 10cm are excluded.

The invention creates a method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branches or fruiting branch groups, which has the following advantages:

1. the proportion of long branches which are more than or equal to 30cm and are sent out by the central trunk of the persimmon sapling after the treatment is 53.28 percent, which is 33.42 percent higher than that of the persimmon sapling which is not treated naturally; the average length of the young shoots is 137.04 percent higher than that of the control, the average roughness is 35.21 percent higher than that of the control, the average basal angle of the young shoots is 80 degrees, the waist angle is 85 degrees, and the formation of mixed flower buds at the front ends of the branches is facilitated.

2. The quantity of long shoots generated by the upper eye injury of the branches in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree is 83.33% higher than that of the branches in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree without any treatment, the length of the new shoots is 64.15% higher than that of the branches in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree, and the thickness of the new shoots is 43.37% higher than that of the branches in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree. The treatment of the lower-order injury can effectively avoid the formation of thick upper-back overgrowth branches and the resulting "tree growth". The novel method for fixing the branches is time-saving, labor-saving and low in cost, and does not affect the ground production operation.

3. The wound healing agent provided by the invention can obviously promote the formation of cambium callus after being smeared, promote wound healing, prevent mildew and blackening at the wound, and improve the healing rate by 98.12 percent compared with a control by 36.44 percent.

4. The invention provides a method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branches, wherein the time for cultivating fruiting parent branches or fruiting branch groups is 1-2 years, the number of long branches is large and thick, the canopy space is utilized as soon as possible, the early fruiting high yield (the traditional period is 3-5 years), and the method is labor-saving, labor-saving and efficient.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of eye injury on persimmon trees;

fig. 2: the transformation schematic diagram of the thick upright and overgrown branches of the persimmon tree in the invention;

1-a trunk; 2-bud; 3-center drying; 4-upper eye injury;

5-wood strips or bamboo poles; 6-twine or cloth strip; 7-a hemp rope or cloth strip fixing part; 8-a binding place of a wood strip or a bamboo pole;

FIG. 3 shows the effect of the different treatments of the present invention on the canopy of adult Diospyros kaki.

Representing the quantity of long tips emitted from the two sides and the lower part of each branch after the cutting treatment;

the number of shoots emanating from the sides and below of each shoot is shown for this comparative cut.

Detailed Description

The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the embodiments:

method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branch

(1) Multiple points of up and down severe eye injury promote strong long branches;

(2) Opening angle, balance tree vigor

(3) Transforming thick upright bare branches;

(4) Protection of wounds;

(5) And (5) updating the branch group.

In order to cultivate the strong fruiting parent branches of persimmon, reasonably utilizing the canopy space and finishing the updating of the fruiting branch group very early, in the step (1), the invention provides a novel method, which is used for cultivating the strong fruiting branch group on the central trunk of the young persimmon tree, wherein all buds on the central trunk are subjected to severe eye injury except 40cm at the base part of the central trunk and 20cm at the top of the central trunk, and grafting knives or branch scissors are used, when the average air temperature in the daytime in spring is more than or equal to 14 ℃ for 3 days continuously, the eye injury is 0.5cm above the bud body, the length is 1/2 of the circumference of the central trunk, and the incision is smooth and reaches 1-2 mm deep as the xylem (shown in figure 1).

In the cultivation process of the persimmon hedge-shaped branch group, if the thickness of the central trunk of the persimmon sapling planted in the current year is less than or equal to 1.0cm, the buds on the central trunk are not full, the tree vigor is weaker, stumping is carried out at the position of 10-15 cm on the ground, a strong young shoot at the top is kept to vertically grow, and after one year of cultivation, the eye injury is carried out in spring of the next year according to the method.

Cultivating small and medium-sized strong fruiting branch groups in the canopy of an adult persimmon tree, carrying out upper eye injury on buds at two sides and the lower part of a annual strong branch (more than or equal to 0.8 cm) in the canopy space in the last ten days of 6 months, and carrying out lower eye injury on buds at 0.5cm above the buds (except buds with 20cm at the base and 15cm at the top); the buds on the back of the branches are subjected to ocular injury, and the ocular injury is 0.5cm below the buds (except buds with the base part of 15cm and the top part of 10 cm), so as to mainly prevent thick branches on the back from overgrowing and cause 'growing trees on the trees'.

In the step (1), after the bud is injured, in order to promote the growth of the new tip into a healthy and long tip, when the new tip is 10cm long (except the new tip injured by the lower eye), the top end is coated with vaseline ointment with the mass ratio of 15mg/kg of diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6). Through the comprehensive application of the injury +DA-6, the long branches (more than or equal to 30 cm) in the persimmon crown layer, the middle branches (less than 30cm and more than or equal to 10 cm) and the short branches (less than 10 cm) =5:3:2 are realized, and the early forming of young persimmon gardens is most facilitated, and the early fruiting, the high yield and the stable yield are realized.

In the step (2), in order to realize that the young and nonlignified young shoot basal angle emitted after the eye injury meets the requirements of shaping and filling the canopy, a simple branch supporting method is provided, firstly, a coarse 3.0mm branch is manufactured

Bamboo sticks with the length of 8.0cm are thin at two ends, and the two ends are shaped like toothpicks; when young shoots sent out after eye injury are more than or equal to 20cm and are not fully lignified, one end of each bamboo stick is supported at the middle part of each young shoot, and the other end of each bamboo stick is inserted into the central stem to reach 1-2 mm deep into the xylem, so that the included angle between the base of each young shoot and the vertical line of each green branch is more than or equal to 75 degrees, and mixed flower buds are formed.

If the order of the buds isThe length of a new shoot which is sent out after injury is more than or equal to 45cm and is fully lignified, but the angle of the base part of the shoot is small (less than 45 degrees) due to the effect of the top end advantage, so that the new shoot is not suitable for supporting the shoot by using a bamboo stick, and the pulling and opening angle is needed. In the step (2), a simple and convenient branch pulling method is provided, in order to fix hemp ropes or cloth strips for branch pulling (the traditional method is to pile and fix on the ground, which is inconvenient for field operations such as mechanical walking, fertilization, pesticide spraying and the like), 2 crisscross wood strips or bamboo poles are bound at branches of a persimmon tree trunk, and the thickness is about 25-30 mm

The length of the wood strand or bamboo culm is determined by the crown of the tree (typically about 2.0m in length). After the branches are lightly kneaded up and down and left and right by hands, the movable buckles are fixed by using hemp ropes or cloth strips, and the other ends of the branches are bound on cross-shaped wood strips or bamboo poles to carry out branch pulling and opening (figure 2). The comprehensive application of the bamboo sticks to prop and pull the branches promotes the basal angle of the new shoots to be 80 degrees on average, and is most beneficial to the formation of mixed flower buds at the front ends of the branches.

The branches grow in 1-2 years on the backs of backbone branches in the crown layers of the persimmon trees, the branches are upright and are positioned, so that nutrition growth is vigorous, the result is few, the branches are thick (more than or equal to 15 mm), the occupied space is large, the 'long tree on the tree' is formed, the traditional treatment method is to dredge and remove the branches in winter pruning, and the nutrition of the tree body is greatly wasted.

In the step (3), a new method is provided for reforming and utilizing the overgrown branches (more than or equal to 15 mm) growing on the backs of backbone branches in the crown layer to form a medium-small branch group with stable results. On the back side of the base of the bare branch (the opposite direction of the branch to be pulled), 3-5 times of the branch scissors are longitudinally carved, the length is 6-8 cm, the branches are deeply and halfway scratched, the branches are held by hands to shake from light to heavy back and forth and left and right, the xylem of the branches is sprained and fully activated and softened at the notch, the branches are twisted in situ by hands for about 90 degrees, and the branches are pulled by cloth strips or hemp ropes, so that the base angle of the branches is about 60 degrees, and the cloth strips or hemp ropes are also fixed on the cross-shaped wood strips or bamboo poles. And wrapping the branches with a transparent plastic adhesive tape with the width of 18mm after the branches are carved and softened, so as to promote wound healing.

Because the persimmon branches contain unique tannin substances, the wounds are easy to oxidize and turn black and mildew in the air,

in the step (4), a five-in-one wound healing agent is provided for promoting the rapid healing of the persimmon branch ocular injury and the longitudinal wound. The specific method is that a proper amount of agar is added into a mixed solution of 0.5 percent of thiram and 0.01 percent of 2,4-D, then vaseline after being melted by heat is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and condensed, thus obtaining the wound healing agent used by the invention. The healing agent is uniformly smeared on the cortex and xylem of the wound surface and the peripheral part close to the cortex, so that tannins in persimmon branches are effectively prevented from being oxidized to become black, and meanwhile, the mildew at the wound is prevented.

In the step (5), the pruning in winter in persimmon orchard is changed into light pruning, and single-axis extending fruit branch groups are cultivated through measures such as throwing and putting long branches, inner bud and outer pedaling, and the like, and the single-axis branch group extending trend is paid attention to during winter pruning; the inventive method does not need to cut off the persimmon branch group, but replaces the persimmon branch group. After 5-6 years of continuous fruiting of single-axis fruit branches, when the diameter of single-axis fruit branches exceeds 1/2 of the diameter of the trunk or backbone branch on which the single-axis fruit branches grow, large branch replacement must be performed by a strong fruiting parent branch or branch group cultivated in advance.

Examples:

(1) Multi-point severe injury + DA-6 branch effect (sapling)

The example test variety is Eben No. 1, the nursery stock is planted in the same year, the soil is yellow soil, and the test site is a river Xia Oujin sluice persimmon variety test garden in Wuhan City. Tree forms of newly built Eben No. 1 orchards are to be cultivated into hedge shapes, and about 20 long branches are needed to grow on a central trunk. The field planted Eben No. 1 seedling is not dry, the seedling base is 40cm and the top is 20cm, all buds on the central trunk of the sapling are severely injured by eyes except the eyes, a grafting knife or a branch shear is used, when the average air temperature is more than or equal to 14 ℃ in the daytime and the average air temperature is continuous for 3 days in spring, the eyes are injured at the position of 0.5cm above the buds, the length is 1/2 of the circumference of the central trunk, the incision is smooth, and the depth reaches 1-2 mm of the xylem, and the specific method is shown in the figure 1; if the thickness of the nursery stock is less than 1.0cm, the growth vigor is weak, the center is not thick and strong, and the buds are not full, stumping is carried out at the position 12cm away from the ground, a strong young shoot at the top is reserved, and after one year of cultivation, the eyes are injured again in spring of the next year, and the method is the same as above.

When the tender tip of the persimmon 1 seedling after the central trunk is injured by eyes is larger than 20cm and is not fully lignified, one end of a thick bamboo stick with the length of 8.0cm and the shape of a toothpick is supported at the middle part of the tender tip, and the other end of the bamboo stick is inserted into the central trunk to reach 1-2 mm deep to the xylem, so that the vertical included angle between the base part of the new tip and the central trunk is 75-85 degrees, and the mixed flower buds are formed.

After the bud is injured by eyes, in order to promote the growth of the new shoots into robust long shoots, when the new shoots are 10cm long (except the new shoots injured by eyes), vaseline ointment (provided by the invention) with the mass ratio of 15mg/kg of diethylaminoethanol caproate (DA-6) is smeared on the top end.

As analyzed by the table 1, the proportion of the cultivated long shoots (more than or equal to 30 cm) after the treatment of the invention accounting for all growth points of the whole tree body is 53.28 percent, and the proportion of the quantity of the long shoots emitted by the control of no-treatment natural growth is only 19.86 percent, which is 114.29 percent higher than that of the natural growth; the average length of the young shoots is 64cm, which is 137.04 percent higher than that of the control; the average thickness of the young shoots is 0.96cm, which is 35.21% higher than that of the control; and the average basal angle of the young shoots is 80 degrees, the waist angle is 85 degrees, and the cultivation target of the strong and long fruiting parent branches is completed within one year, so that the requirements of hedge-shaped tree form cultivation of single-shaft fruiting branch groups are completely met.

TABLE 1 Branch effect of multipoint severe injury+DA-6 treatment

Treatment of	Long tip ratio/%	Average length/cm	Average roughness/cm	Average base angle/°	Average waist angle/°
						Upper eye injury +DA-6	53.28	64	0.96	80	85
Control	19.86	27	0.71	50	60

(2) The invention has the effect on the cattle heart persimmon (adult tree)

The experimental sample is Diospyros kaki, 13 years old, yellow soil, and the experimental place is Diospyros kaki variety experimental garden of river Xia Oujin in Wuhan city. In the last ten days of 6 months, carrying out upper eye injury on two sides of the current annual branch and the lower bud in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree, and carrying out eye injury at a position 0.5cm above the bud; the buds at the upper parts of the backs of the branches are subjected to ocular injury, and the ocular injury is formed at the position of 0.5cm below the buds, so that thick overgrown branches on the backs are avoided, and the 'long tree on the tree' is formed. Tender tips generated after the buds and eyes on the branches are injured are longer than 45cm and are fully lignified, and the branches are pulled and opened after being slightly kneaded up and down and left and right by hands. For fixing hemp ropes or cloth strips for pulling branches, 2 cross-shaped bamboo poles are tied at branches of a trunk, wherein the thickness of each bamboo pole is 30mm, and the length of each bamboo pole is 2.0m, and a specific method is shown in figure 2.

The traditional branch pulling fixing method is to punch wood piles on the ground, then fix the wood piles one by one, and the traditional branch pulling fixing method is time-consuming, labor-consuming and low-efficiency, and affects the operation management of weeding, fertilizing, watering and the like of the ground soil; the method of the invention saves time, labor and low cost, and all the branch-pulling cloth strips or hemp ropes of the whole tree can be fixed on the cross bamboo poles without affecting the management operation of the orchard.

As shown in FIG. 3, the number of long tips (. Gtoreq.15 cm) emitted from both sides and below each branch treated by the upper incised wound is 5.5 on average, which is 83.33% higher than that of the control. In addition, the length of the young shoots in the crown layer of the adult persimmon tree treated by the method is 87cm and is 64.15 percent higher than that of the control; the young shoots had a thickness of 1.19cm, which was 43.37% higher than the control. The lower cutting treatment can effectively avoid forming thick overgrowth branches on the backs and causing 'tree growth on the trees', and compared with the method that each branch is not treated to grow thick overgrowth branches with the length of 141cm and the thickness of 1.72cm, the tree structure is seriously disturbed; whereas the lower nicking treatment only forms vegetative shoots of average length 19 cm.

(3) Application effect of wound healing agent

The example test variety is Baogai sweet persimmon, 7 years old, the soil is yellow soil, and the test site is the river Xia Oujin sluice persimmon variety test garden in Wuhan city. In order to reform the overgrown branches on the annual backs in the crown layer into strong fruiting parent branches or small fruiting branch groups, 3-5 branches are longitudinally carved by using a branch scissors, the length of each branch is 6-8 cm, the branches are deeply half of the wood part of the branches, the branches are held by hands and kneaded until the nicks are softened, the branches are twisted in situ by hands for about 90 degrees, and the branches are pulled by using cloth strips or hemp ropes. In order to promote the healing of the bud-carved wound after the branch is twisted and in the step (1), the five-in-one wound healing agent is used for coating.

The preparation method of the five-in-one wound healing agent comprises the steps of adding a proper amount of agar into a mixed solution of 0.5% of Fumeiarsine and 0.01% of 2,4-D, then adding the vaseline after being melted by heat, and fully stirring until the mixture is condensed. The healing agent can obviously promote the formation of cambium callus after being smeared, promote the wound healing, ensure that the wound has no mildew and blackening, ensure that the healing rate reaches 98.12 percent, ensure that the healing rate of the contrast is only 61.68 percent (natural healing), and ensure that the healing site forms a raised scar.

The invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and any person can obtain a similar method under the teaching of the invention, but the form of the method is changed, and the same or similar technical schemes fall into the protection scope of the invention.

Claims (3)

1. A method for cultivating persimmon robust fruiting parent branch comprises the following steps:

(1) Multiple points of up and down severe eye injury promote strong long branches;

(2) Opening an angle and balancing tree vigor;

(3) Transforming thick upright bare branches;

(4) Protection against wound blackening and mildew;

(5) Updating branch groups;

in the step (1), persimmon trees are cultivated on the central trunk of the young trees to form a strong fruiting branch group, all buds on the central trunk are subjected to severe injury except that the basal part of the central trunk is 40cm or less and the top part of the central trunk is 20cm or more and the buds are not injured by eyes, and grafting knives or pruning shears are used; the eye injury is positioned at the position 0.5cm above the bud body, the length is 1/2 of the circumference of the central trunk, the incision is smooth, and the depth reaches 1-2 mm of the xylem;

after the buds are injured, in order to promote the growth of new shoots into robust long shoots, when the new shoots are 10cm long, smearing Vaseline ointment containing diethylaminoethanol caproate on the top ends; the diethylaminoethanol caproate content in the vaseline ointment is 15mg/kg, and the long branches, medium branches and short branches in the persimmon crown layer=5:3:2 are realized through the comprehensive application of the target injury plus diethylaminoethanol caproate; the length of the long branch is more than or equal to 30cm, the length of the middle branch is less than 30cm and more than or equal to 10cm, and the length of the short branch is less than 10cm;

in the step (2), young and tender shoots sent out after eye injury are more than or equal to 20cm, bamboo sticks with the thickness of 3.0mm and the length of 8.0cm are manufactured, and the two ends of each bamboo stick are pointed and thin, so that the bamboo sticks are shaped like toothpicks; one end of the bamboo stick is supported at the middle part of the tender tip, and the other end of the bamboo stick is inserted into the central stem to reach 1-2 mm deep into the xylem, so that the included angle between the base part of the new tip and the vertical line of the branch is more than or equal to 75 degrees;

the length of branches sent out after the injury of eyes is more than or equal to 45cm and is fully lignified, and the branches are pulled and opened; fixing hemp ropes or cloth strips for pulling branches, binding 2 crisscross wood strips or bamboo poles at branches of a persimmon tree trunk, wherein the thickness of the wood strips or the bamboo poles is 25-30 mm, and the length of the wood strips or the bamboo poles is determined according to crown width of a tree body; after the branches are lightly kneaded up and down and left and right by hands, movably fastened and fixed by hemp ropes or cloth strips, and the other ends are bound on cross-shaped wood strips or bamboo poles to carry out branch pulling and angle opening; the comprehensive application of the bamboo sticks to prop and pull branches promotes the basal angle of the new shoots to be 80 degrees on average;

the 1-2 years old overgrowth branches generated on the backs of the backbone branches in the crown layer of the persimmon tree in the step (3) are transformed and utilized; on the back side of the base of the bare branch, namely in the opposite direction of the pulling branch, 3-5 times of the branch scissors are longitudinally carved, the length is 6-8 cm, the branches are deeply and half of the flaws of the xylem, the branches are held by hands to shake from light to heavy back and forth and left and right, the xylem of the branches is sprained and fully activated and softened at the nicks, the branches are twisted in situ by hands for about 90 degrees, and the branches are pulled by cloth strips or hemp ropes, so that the base angle of the branches is about 60 degrees, and the cloth strips or hemp ropes are also fixed on the cross-shaped wood strips or bamboo poles; wrapping the branches with a transparent plastic adhesive tape with the width of 18mm after the branches are carved and softened;

in the step (4), a five-in-one wound healing agent is provided; adding a proper amount of agar into a mixed solution of 0.5% of thiram and 0.01% of 2,4-D, then adding the thermally melted Vaseline ointment, stirring and condensing to obtain a used wound healing agent; uniformly coating the healing agent on the cortex and xylem of the wound surface and the peripheral part close to the cortex;

in the step (5), the winter pruning of the persimmon orchard is changed into heavy pruning, and the single-axis extending fruiting branch group is cultivated through the measures of throwing and putting long branches and outer pedaling of inner buds, and the single-axis branch group extending trend is kept in the winter pruning; after the single-shaft fruit branches continue to fruit for 5-6 years, when the diameter of the single-shaft fruit branches exceeds 1/2 of the diameter of the trunk or backbone branches on which the single-shaft fruit branches grow, large branch replacement is carried out by the strong result parent branches or branch groups cultivated in advance.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the step (1) is performed at a mean air temperature of about 3 consecutive days or more and about 14 ℃ from spring day to day.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein in the cultivation process of the persimmon hedge-shaped branch group, the thickness of the central trunk of the persimmon sapling planted in the current year is less than or equal to 1.0cm, the buds on the central trunk are not full, the tree vigor is weaker, stubble cutting is carried out at the position of 10-15 cm on the ground, a healthy young shoot at the top is kept for vertical growth, and the method is used for carrying out the injury after cultivation for one year in spring of the next year;

cultivating small and medium-sized strong fruiting branch groups in the canopy of an adult persimmon tree, performing upper eye injury on buds at two sides and the lower part of annual strong branches in the canopy space in the last ten days of 6 months, and performing lower eye injury on buds at 0.5cm above the buds except buds with the base part of 20cm and the top part of 15 cm; the buds on the back of the branches are subject to ocular injury, 0.5cm below the buds are subject to ocular injury, and the buds with the base part of 15cm and the top part of 10cm are excluded.

Images