CN113317099A - Cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation - Google Patents
Cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation, which comprises the following steps: selecting a thick and strong single branch with plump buds as a main stem, cultivating the main stem in a root limiting pot, cutting the main stem at a position 130-140 cm high to inhibit the top advantage, keeping the first bud from top to bottom after the main stem sprouts, and cutting off the 2 nd-6 th bud; forming 10-15 fruit branches on the trunk by adopting the following method: bud carving to form bearing branches; or applying a lopping agent to the buds to form fruit branches; or cutting skin at the position of the trunk near the root, and applying a branch-forming agent to form a bearing branch; cutting when the highest bearing branch on the trunk is 60-70 cm high; and after the bearing branches except the highest bearing branch are cut off for 1-3 times, the bearing branches are not longer. The cherry tree-shaped structure cultivated by the technique is simple, the pruning amount is light, the occupied area is small, and the cherry tree-shaped structure is suitable for close planting cultivation; early fruit, high yield and increased planting income.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a fruit tree cultivation technology, in particular to a cherry round-platform type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation.
Background
The cherry is the earliest mature fruit tree crop in deciduous fruit trees and is known as 'first of all' and 'precious fruit in fruit'. The cherry has a special position in regulating the market supply of fresh fruits in a slack season and meeting the living needs of people. The cherry has rich nutritionThe cherry planting method has the advantages that the commercial value is more and more pursued, but the traditional cherry planting technology adopts a branch pulling type, a central rod is reserved in the planting process, branches are layered and branched, the top advantages of cherry trees are extremely strong, the tree vigor is difficult to control, branches between the trees are connected, fruiting parts enter the tail ends of treetors, great difficulty is caused to pesticide spraying, picking and mechanical management, and potential safety hazards are brought to fruit picking. In addition, the traditional cherry tree body is usually high and large, and the area occupied by a single plant is about 12m to ensure the photosynthesis area of the cherry2The land occupation is large, so that the yield of cherry planting is not high and the economic benefit is poor. The traditional cherry planting method has the problems of long production time, high planting cost, low fruit setting rate, low yield and the like, and causes the waste of manpower, material resources and time, so that the income of planting personnel is influenced, and the input-output ratio is small. A method which has low production cost, ensures the quality of cherry plants and improves the overall economic benefit of planting the cherries is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cherry round-platform type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation, aiming at the problems of large occupied area, high planting cost and low fruit setting rate of the existing cherry cultivation, the cherry tree-shaped structure cultivated by the technology is simple, the pruning amount is light, the occupied area is small, and the cherry round-platform type close planting cultivation technology is suitable for close planting cultivation; early fruit, high yield and increased planting income.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: a cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation comprises the following steps:
selecting a thick and strong single branch with plump bud bodies as a trunk, and cultivating the trunk in a root limiting pot, wherein the root limiting pot is arranged on the ground paved with a double-layer mulching film (the influence of ground temperature on the root temperature can be reduced by paving a double-layer basement film); in the second year of planting, cutting at the position 130-140 cm high of the trunk to inhibit the apical dominance, when the trunk sprouts, keeping the first sprout from top to bottom, and cutting off the 2 nd to 6 th sprouts;
step (2), forming 10-15 fruit branches on the trunk by adopting the following method: bud carving to form bearing branches; or applying a lopping agent to the buds to form fruit branches; or cutting skin at the position of the trunk near the root, and applying a branch-forming agent to form a bearing branch;
step (3), in the second year of planting, cutting when the highest bearing branch on the trunk is 60-70 cm high; and after the bearing branches except the highest bearing branch are cut off for 1-3 times, the bearing branches are not longer.
Further, in step (1), limit root basin inner wall and be provided with the one deck film, and limit root basin lateral wall convex-concave alternate, outside protrusion end has seted up the gas pocket, when the seedling root system outwards grows downwards to protrusion end contact air (the aperture on the lateral wall protrusion end) or contact the inner wall, the root tip stops growing, sprout a plurality of new roots and continue outwards downwards growing behind the root tip after that, when contacting air (the aperture on the lateral wall protrusion end) or inner wall, stop growing equally and grow a plurality of new roots again behind the root tip. Thus, the number of the roots is increased according to the progression, the number of short and thick lateral roots is greatly increased, and the total number of the roots is improved by 20-30 times compared with the conventional large tree.
Further, in the step (1), the land occupation of each cherry is 0.5-1m2。
Further, in the step (2), buds are carved at a position which is more than 30-40cm away from the ground surface and 2-3 mm above the leaf buds, and the formation of bearing branches of the leaf buds is promoted. Specifically, a bearing branch group is formed by bud carving at a distance of more than 30-40cm from the ground surface, and when the new tip of a newly-sent main branch is 7-10 cm long, an angle is formed by clamping bamboo, so that the base part of the main branch forms a 90-degree angle with the central trunk. The bamboo clamp can be taken off after 2-3 weeks, or along with the extension of the young shoot of the main branch, the bamboo clamp gradually moves outwards to ensure that the young shoot can grow horizontally. The buds on the central trunk can be extracted to generate branches only under the condition of bud carving. And (3) promoting one side slightly every 20-30 cm, promoting about 10 main branches which are uniformly distributed and have consistent growth vigor and moderate degree in the first year from the tree body, and pruning the formed main branches to form short branches in the dormancy season to ensure that a reasonable leaf-fruit ratio is formed in the next year. The lower main branch of the central trunk may be left slightly longer than the upper main branch to offset the apical dominance. The short tip pruning may be performed when the flower buds are enlarged, which makes it easier to distinguish between flower buds that are full in morphology and leaf buds that are weaker.
Further, in the step (2), the dendronization agent is prodigiosin, which is produced by Shanghai Van En agricultural science and technology Limited, the deciduous fruits are applied 25-30 days before germination, partial epidermis is cut off to xylem by a blade at the base of the branch or trunk, and the dendronization agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the cut.
Further, the broken branches in the step (3) are selected to be broken by 5-8cm, the branches at the bottom are selected to be broken by 10cm, and the branches are gradually shortened from bottom to top; twisting the tip beyond 10-20cm, and twisting the tip beyond 20cm of the bottom branch gradually from bottom to top; the torsion pin: the xylem and phloem are slightly damaged by twisting slightly by 180 degrees, but mainly not broken.
Further, chitosan oligosaccharide is applied to the root, and in the transplanting period, the pre-flowering sprouting period, the first fruit expanding period and the second fruit expanding period, and in the month fertilizer applying period after harvesting, the root irrigation treatment is carried out by combining bacterial manure or nutrient element waste materials, and the volume is 1 Kg/mu. And (3) spraying on the leaf surfaces, namely diluting the solution for 750 times and 1000 times respectively 3-5 days before flowering, the fruit setting period after flowering, the fruit expanding period and 3-5 days before harvesting, and spraying on the leaf surfaces. The application of the chitosan oligosaccharide can activate the autoimmune mechanism of plants, regulate and control the activity of disease-resistant and stress-resistant related enzymes of cherries, and induce thickening or lignification of cell walls so as to resist the influence of a plurality of steps of environment connection of germs; when the roots are irrigated, the micro-ecological environment of the mountain soil is loved, the number of beneficial dominant floras is increased, a good root growth environment is formed, and root production and nutrient absorption and utilization are promoted; the content of chlorophyll of cherry is increased, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, the flowering, fruit setting and fruit expansion French are promoted, and the product quality is improved; regulating plant cell ion channels, promoting nutrient absorption and utilization, increasing contents of vitamins, soluble solids and the like, improving quality and increasing commodity.
Further, in the pruning in the second year and later in the dormant season, all main branches are required to be short-cut or selectively updated, and the balance and reasonable load of tree vigor are kept. And carrying out short-tip pruning on the flower bud at the reserved base part of each fruiting main branch and at least 2-3 leaf buds later. When the main branches extend too long and the fruiting part is far away from the central trunk, the main branches retract into short piles to promote new annual branches to grow, so that the fruiting part is close to the central trunk again.
The invention is suitable for the round-table type close planting cultivation technology of cherries cultivated in a greenhouse, takes the round-table type as a trunk to be strong, has no bone branches, and directly grows bearing branches on the trunk to form a high-yield tree form with old branches, new branches and strong branches. Compared with the prior art, the cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology applicable to greenhouse cultivation has the following advantages:
1) the traditional planting mode of cherries requires 3-5 years to bear fruits, the method of the invention has early and high yield, can realize fruiting in the 2 nd year of planting, greatly shortens the production and fruiting period of cherries and increases the planting income;
2) the invention carries out short-tip pruning on all the main branches under the condition of ensuring the normal growth of cherry plants, has light pruning quantity and reduces the labor cost, thus not only keeping the balance and reasonable load of tree vigor, but also ensuring the fruit quantity and improving the cherry quality.
3) Compared with the traditional cultivation technology, the cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology has high soil utilization rate and sufficient light energy utilization rate, is suitable for close planting and can field plant about 1200 plants per mu. The weight of the fruits is obviously increased, the weight of a single fruit reaches 15-20g, the maximum weight can reach 30g, and 3000kg of high-quality fruits are harvested per mu.
4) The cherry cultivation method is convenient for manual picking and manual intelligentization and mechanization operation, the height of the cherry is about 2m, and 10-15 fruit branches of the whole cherry are planted. The cherry picking can be managed in the orchard only by walking without using a ladder or climbing a tree, the efficiency of picking the cherry on foot is multiple times of that of the original traditional method, the fruit picking efficiency is greatly improved, and the labor force is greatly saved.
5) The cherry plants are cultivated in the root limiting pot, the cherry root systems are limited in the root limiting pot, the volume and the number of the root systems are controlled, the distribution and the structure of the root systems are changed, the function of the root systems is optimized, and the growth and the development of the whole cherry plants are adjusted through the root systems, so that the high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation is realized. The root limiting pot is not affected by geology, and can be placed above the barren land. In addition, root-limiting pot cultivation is convenient for warming the roots of the cherry trees in the greenhouse, the hibernation period of the cherry trees is shortened, and the cherry maturation period is further advanced.
In conclusion, the cherry trees planted by the method have the advantages of simple tree structure, light pruning amount and small occupied area, and are suitable for close planting cultivation. The method is simple to operate, convenient and fast to manage, and has important significance in the aspect of standardized planting of cherries.
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
example 1
The embodiment discloses a cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a thick and strong single branch with plump buds as a main stem, cultivating the main stem in a root limiting pot, righting the main stem during cultivation, cutting the main stem at a position 135cm high to inhibit the top end advantage, keeping the first bud from top to bottom after the main stem sprouts, and cutting off the 2 nd to 6 th buds; the water and fertilizer management follows the principle of 'front promotion and rear control', the 'front promotion' is the front growth promotion, the 'rear control' is the rear flower promotion, the fertilizer and water management is enhanced after the planting, the underground additional fertilizer and the leaf fertilizer are alternately carried out, and the water drainage is noticed in rainy season.
Step (2), forming 10 bearing branches on the trunk by adopting the following method: bud carving to form bearing branches; or applying a lopping agent to the buds to form fruit branches; or cutting skin at the position of the trunk near the root, and applying a branch-forming agent to form a bearing branch;
step (3), cutting when the highest bearing branch on the trunk is 60-70 cm high; and after the bearing branches except the highest bearing branch are cut off for 2 times, the bearing branches are not longer.
In step (1), the inner wall of the root limiting pot is provided with a layer of film, the side walls of the root limiting pot are convex-concave and alternate, the external protruding end is provided with an air hole, when the root system of the seedling grows outwards and downwards until the protruding end contacts with air (the small hole on the protruding end of the side wall) or the inner wall, the root tip stops growing, then a plurality of new roots germinate at the rear part of the root tip and continue growing outwards and downwards, and when the root system contacts with air (the small hole on the protruding end of the side wall) or the inner wall, the root system stops growing and grows a plurality of new roots at the rear part of the root tip again. Thus, the number of the roots is increased according to the progression, the number of short and thick lateral roots is greatly increased, and the total number of the roots is improved by 20-30 times compared with the conventional large tree.
In the step (1), the land occupation of each cherry is 0.6m2。
In the step (2), buds are carved at a position which is more than 30-40cm away from the ground surface and 2-3 mm above the leaf buds, and the leaf buds are promoted to form bearing branches. Specifically, a bearing branch group is formed by bud carving at a distance of more than 30-40cm from the ground surface, and when the new tip of a newly-sent main branch is 7-10 cm long, an angle is formed by clamping bamboo, so that the base part of the main branch forms a 90-degree angle with the central trunk. The bamboo clamp can be taken off after 2-3 weeks, or along with the extension of the young shoot of the main branch, the bamboo clamp gradually moves outwards to ensure that the young shoot can grow horizontally. The buds on the central trunk can be extracted to generate branches only under the condition of bud carving. And (3) promoting one side slightly every 20-30 cm, promoting about 10 main branches which are uniformly distributed and have consistent growth vigor and moderate degree in the first year from the tree body, and pruning the formed main branches to form short branches in the dormancy season to ensure that a reasonable leaf-fruit ratio is formed in the next year. The lower main branch of the central trunk may be left slightly longer than the upper main branch to offset the apical dominance. The short tip pruning may be performed when the flower buds are enlarged, which makes it easier to distinguish between flower buds that are full in morphology and leaf buds that are weaker.
In the step (2), the branch-growing medicament is the prodigiosin, which is produced by Shanghai Van En agricultural science and technology Limited company, the deciduous fruits are applied 25-30 days before germination, partial epidermis is cut off to xylem by a blade at the base of the branch or trunk, and the branch-growing medicament is uniformly coated on the surface of the cut.
And (3) selecting broken branches with the length of 5-8cm and twisting tips with the length of 10cm, wherein the twisting tips are as follows: the xylem and phloem are slightly damaged by twisting slightly by 180 degrees, but mainly not broken. Applying chitosan oligosaccharide to the root, and performing root irrigation treatment by combining bacterial manure or nutrient element waste at the transplanting stage, the pre-flowering sprouting stage, the first fruit expansion stage and the second fruit expansion stage respectively in the period of applying the lunar manure after harvesting, wherein the root irrigation treatment is 1 Kg/mu. The application of the chitosan oligosaccharide can activate the autoimmune mechanism of plants, regulate and control the activity of disease-resistant and stress-resistant related enzymes of cherries, and induce thickening or lignification of cell walls so as to resist the influence of a plurality of steps of environment connection of germs; when the roots are irrigated, the micro-ecological environment of the mountain soil is loved, the number of beneficial dominant floras is increased, a good root growth environment is formed, and root production and nutrient absorption and utilization are promoted; the content of chlorophyll of cherry is increased, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, the flowering, fruit setting and fruit expansion French are promoted, and the product quality is improved; regulating plant cell ion channels, promoting nutrient absorption and utilization, increasing contents of vitamins, soluble solids and the like, improving quality and increasing commodity.
Managing the flowers and fruits, namely breeding bees in a planting place after the cherries enter the flowering phase; and after the cherries enter young fruit period, enhancing water and fertilizer management. In the pruning in the second year and later dormant seasons, all main branches are required to be pruned short or selectively updated, and the balance and reasonable load of tree vigor are kept. And carrying out short-tip pruning on the flower bud at the reserved base part of each fruiting main branch and at least 2-3 leaf buds later. When the main branches extend too long and the fruiting part is far away from the central trunk, the main branches retract into short piles to promote new annual branches to grow, so that the fruiting part is close to the central trunk again.
Example 2
The embodiment discloses a cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation, which comprises the following steps:
selecting a thick and strong single branch with plump buds as a main stem, cultivating the main stem in a root limiting pot, righting the main stem during cultivation, cutting the main stem at a position 130cm high to inhibit the top end advantage, keeping the first bud from top to bottom after the main stem sprouts, and cutting off the 2 nd to 6 th buds; the water and fertilizer management follows the principle of 'front promotion and rear control', the 'front promotion' is the front growth promotion, the 'rear control' is the rear flower promotion, the fertilizer and water management is enhanced after the planting, the underground additional fertilizer and the leaf fertilizer are alternately carried out, and the water drainage is noticed in rainy season.
Step (2), forming 15 fruit branches on the trunk by adopting the following method: bud carving to form bearing branches; or applying a lopping agent to the buds to form fruit branches; or cutting skin at the position of the trunk near the root, and applying a branch-forming agent to form a bearing branch;
step (3), cutting when the highest bearing branch on the trunk is 60-70 cm high; and after the bearing branches except the highest bearing branch are cut off for 3 times, the bearing branches are not twisted any longer.
In step (1), the inner wall of the root limiting pot is provided with a layer of film, the side walls of the root limiting pot are convex-concave and alternate, the external protruding end is provided with an air hole, when the root system of the seedling grows outwards and downwards until the protruding end contacts with air (the small hole on the protruding end of the side wall) or the inner wall, the root tip stops growing, then a plurality of new roots germinate at the rear part of the root tip and continue growing outwards and downwards, and when the root system contacts with air (the small hole on the protruding end of the side wall) or the inner wall, the root system stops growing and grows a plurality of new roots at the rear part of the root tip again. Thus, the number of the roots is increased according to the progression, the number of short and thick lateral roots is greatly increased, and the total number of the roots is improved by 20-30 times compared with the conventional large tree.
In the step (1), the land occupation of each cherry is 0.6m2。
In the step (2), buds are carved at a position which is more than 30-40cm away from the ground surface and 2-3 mm above the leaf buds, and the leaf buds are promoted to form bearing branches. Specifically, a bearing branch group is formed by bud carving at a distance of more than 30-40cm from the ground surface, and when the new tip of a newly-sent main branch is 7-10 cm long, an angle is formed by clamping bamboo, so that the base part of the main branch forms a 90-degree angle with the central trunk. The bamboo clamp can be taken off after 2-3 weeks, or along with the extension of the young shoot of the main branch, the bamboo clamp gradually moves outwards to ensure that the young shoot can grow horizontally. The buds on the central trunk can be extracted to generate branches only under the condition of bud carving. And (3) promoting one side slightly every 20-30 cm, promoting about 10 main branches which are uniformly distributed and have consistent growth vigor and moderate degree in the first year from the tree body, and pruning the formed main branches to form short branches in the dormancy season to ensure that a reasonable leaf-fruit ratio is formed in the next year. The lower main branch of the central trunk may be left slightly longer than the upper main branch to offset the apical dominance. The short tip pruning may be performed when the flower buds are enlarged, which makes it easier to distinguish between flower buds that are full in morphology and leaf buds that are weaker.
In the step (2), the branch-growing medicament is the prodigiosin, which is produced by Shanghai Van En agricultural science and technology Limited company, the deciduous fruits are applied 25-30 days before germination, partial epidermis is cut off to xylem by a blade at the base of the branch or trunk, and the branch-growing medicament is uniformly coated on the surface of the cut.
And (3) selecting a broken branch with the length of 6cm and twisting the tip beyond 10cm, wherein the twisting tip is as follows: the xylem and phloem are slightly damaged by twisting slightly by 180 degrees, but mainly not broken. Preferably, the number of times of pruning is 2.
Spraying chitosan oligosaccharide on the leaf surfaces, diluting 750 times and 1000 times respectively in 3-5 days before blooming, in the fruit setting period after blooming, in the fruit expanding period and in 3-5 days before harvesting, and spraying the chitosan oligosaccharide on the leaf surfaces. The application of the chitosan oligosaccharide can activate the autoimmune mechanism of plants, regulate and control the activity of disease-resistant and stress-resistant related enzymes of cherries, and induce thickening or lignification of cell walls so as to resist the influence of a plurality of steps of environment connection of germs; when the roots are irrigated, the micro-ecological environment of the mountain soil is loved, the number of beneficial dominant floras is increased, a good root growth environment is formed, and root production and nutrient absorption and utilization are promoted; the content of chlorophyll of cherry is increased, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, the flowering, fruit setting and fruit expansion French are promoted, and the product quality is improved; regulating plant cell ion channels, promoting nutrient absorption and utilization, increasing contents of vitamins, soluble solids and the like, improving quality and increasing commodity.
Managing the flowers and fruits, namely breeding bees in a planting place after the cherries enter the flowering phase; and after the cherries enter young fruit period, enhancing water and fertilizer management. In the pruning in the second year and later dormant seasons, all main branches are required to be pruned short or selectively updated, and the balance and reasonable load of tree vigor are kept. And carrying out short-tip pruning on the flower bud at the reserved base part of each fruiting main branch and at least 2-3 leaf buds later. When the main branches extend too long and the fruiting part is far away from the central trunk, the main branches retract into short piles to promote new annual branches to grow, so that the fruiting part is close to the central trunk again.
Step 1, selecting soil and preparing land: selecting sandy soil which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has deep soil layer and loose soil and good drainage, and turning the soil deeply by 30-40cm, wherein the land is fertilized with decomposed farmyard manure 500-800kg per mu;
step 2, garden building and current year management: selecting high-quality strong seedlings with plump buds, wherein the planting height is 1.2m, the strong seedlings are righted by bamboo poles during cultivation, the row spacing is 1m, the plant spacing is 0.8m, and 812 plants are planted; the water and fertilizer management follows the principle of 'front promotion and rear control', the 'front promotion' is the front growth promotion, the 'rear control' is the rear flower promotion, the fertilizer and water management is enhanced after the planting, the underground additional fertilizer and the leaf fertilizer are alternately carried out, and the water drainage is noticed in rainy season.
Step 3, shaping and trimming: a. and (3) promoting one lateral tip at the distance of more than 30-40cm from the ground surface at intervals of 20-30 cm, and forming a fruiting branch group by bud carving. When the new tip of the newly-sent main branch is 7-10 cm long, the angle is opened by a bamboo clamp, so that the base of the main branch forms a 90-degree angle with the central trunk. The bamboo clamp can be taken off after 2-3 weeks, or along with the extension of the young shoot of the main branch, the bamboo clamp gradually moves outwards to ensure that the young shoot can grow horizontally. The buds on the central trunk can be extracted to generate branches only under the condition of bud carving. In the first year, about 10 main branches which are uniformly distributed, have consistent growth vigor and are mediocre are promoted to be grown on the tree body, and the formed main branches are trimmed by 'short tips' in a dormant season, so that a reasonable leaf-fruit ratio is formed in the next year. The lower main branch of the central trunk may be left slightly longer than the upper main branch to offset the apical dominance. The short tip pruning may be performed when the flower buds are enlarged, which makes it easier to distinguish between flower buds that are full in morphology and leaf buds that are weaker.
b. In the pruning in the second year and later dormant seasons, all main branches are required to be pruned short or selectively updated, and the balance and reasonable load of tree vigor are kept. And carrying out short-tip pruning on the flower bud at the reserved base part of each fruiting main branch and at least 2-3 leaf buds later. When the main branches extend too long and the fruiting part is far away from the central trunk, the main branches retract into short piles to promote new annual branches to grow, so that the fruiting part is close to the central trunk again.
Step 4, managing the flowers and the fruits, and breeding bees in a planting place after the cherries enter the flowering phase; and after the cherries enter young fruit period, enhancing water and fertilizer management.
Example 2
Step 1, selecting soil and preparing land: selecting sandy soil which is leeward and exposed to the sun, has deep soil layer and loose soil and good drainage, and turning the soil deeply by 30-40cm, wherein the land is fertilized with decomposed farmyard manure 500-800kg per mu;
step 2, garden building and current year management: selecting high-quality strong seedlings with plump buds, wherein the planting height is 1.2m, the strong seedlings are righted by bamboo poles during cultivation, the row spacing is 1.2m, the plant spacing is 1m, and 528 plants are planted; the water and fertilizer management follows the principle of 'front promotion and rear control', the 'front promotion' is the front growth promotion, the 'rear control' is the rear flower promotion, the fertilizer and water management is enhanced after the planting, the underground additional fertilizer and the leaf fertilizer are alternately carried out, and the water drainage is noticed in rainy season.
Step 3, shaping and trimming: a. and (3) promoting one lateral tip at the distance of more than 30-40cm from the ground surface at intervals of 20-30 cm, and forming a fruiting branch group by bud carving. When the new tip of the newly-sent main branch is 7-10 cm long, the angle is opened by a bamboo clamp, so that the base of the main branch forms a 90-degree angle with the central trunk. The bamboo clamp can be taken off after 2-3 weeks, or along with the extension of the young shoot of the main branch, the bamboo clamp gradually moves outwards to ensure that the young shoot can grow horizontally. The buds on the central trunk can be extracted to generate branches only under the condition of bud carving. In the first year, about 10 main branches which are uniformly distributed, have consistent growth vigor and are mediocre are promoted to be grown on the tree body, and the formed main branches are trimmed by 'short tips' in a dormant season, so that a reasonable leaf-fruit ratio is formed in the next year. The lower main branch of the central trunk may be left slightly longer than the upper main branch to offset the apical dominance. The short tip pruning may be performed when the flower buds are enlarged, which makes it easier to distinguish between flower buds that are full in morphology and leaf buds that are weaker.
b. In the pruning in the second year and later dormant seasons, all main branches are required to be pruned short or selectively updated, and the balance and reasonable load of tree vigor are kept. And carrying out short-tip pruning on the flower bud at the reserved base part of each fruiting main branch and at least 2-3 leaf buds later. When the main branches extend too long and the fruiting part is far away from the central trunk, the main branches retract into short piles to promote new annual branches to grow, so that the fruiting part is close to the central trunk again.
Step 4, managing the flowers and the fruits, and breeding bees in a planting place after the cherries enter the flowering phase; and after the cherries enter young fruit period, enhancing water and fertilizer management.
Selecting a garden with the area of 2 mu, respectively adopting the cultivation technology of the embodiments 1-2 and the prior art (comparison group) for planting, after planting, adopting the same water and fertilizer management, after field planting, harvesting cherry fruits in the embodiments 1-2 in the second year, and after setting fruits of the cherries, respectively harvesting the cherries in the comparison group in the second year, starting from the third year of field planting, and after setting fruits of the cherries to be mature, respectively harvesting the cherries, and obtaining the following data through comparative analysis:
the test data in the table obviously show that the cherry round-table-shaped close planting technology greatly improves the yield of the cherries, saves the expenditure of pesticide, chemical fertilizer and manpower, can realize fruit bearing in the 2 nd year after field planting, and can harvest the cherries one year earlier than the prior planting technology, thereby increasing the economic benefit of planting, saving the pesticide and chemical fertilizer and bringing certain ecological benefit.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and not to limit the same; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; and the modifications or the substitutions do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions depart from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
selecting a robust single branch with plump buds as a trunk, and cultivating the strong single branch in a root limiting pot, wherein the root limiting pot is arranged on the ground paved with a double-layer mulching film; in the second year of planting, cutting at the position 130-140 cm high of the trunk to inhibit the apical dominance, when the trunk sprouts, keeping the first sprout from top to bottom, and cutting off the 2 nd to 6 th sprouts;
step (2), forming 10-15 fruit branches on the trunk by adopting the following method: bud carving to form bearing branches; or applying a lopping agent to the buds to form fruit branches; or cutting skin at the position of the trunk near the root, and applying a branch-forming agent to form a bearing branch;
step (3), in the second year of planting, cutting when the highest bearing branch on the trunk is 60-70 cm high; and after the bearing branches except the highest bearing branch are cut off for 1-3 times, the bearing branches are not longer.
2. The cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the inner wall of the root limiting pot is provided with a layer of film, the side wall of the root limiting pot is convex-concave and alternate, the external protruding end is provided with an air hole, when the root system of the seedling grows outwards and downwards to contact with air or the inner wall, the root tip stops growing, then a plurality of new roots germinate at the rear part of the root tip and continue to grow outwards and downwards, and when the root system contacts with air or the inner wall, the growth is stopped and a plurality of new roots grow at the rear part of the root tip.
3. The round-table type close planting cultivation technique for cherries suitable for greenhouse cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein each cherry occupies 0.5-1m of land in step (1)2。
4. The round-table type close planting cultivation technology for cherries suitable for greenhouse cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (2), buds are carved at a distance of more than 30-40cm from the ground surface and 2-3 mm above leaf buds to promote the leaf buds to form bearing branches.
5. The round-table type close planting cultivation technology for cherries suitable for greenhouse cultivation as claimed in claim 4, wherein fruiting branch groups are formed by bud carving at a distance of more than 30-40cm from the ground surface, and when the new tips of newly-issued main branches are 7-10 cm long, the angles are opened by bamboo clips, so that the base parts of the main branches and the central trunk form an angle of 90 degrees; the bamboo clamp can be taken off after 2-3 weeks, or along with the extension of the young shoot of the main branch, the bamboo clamp gradually moves outwards to ensure that the young shoot can grow horizontally.
6. The cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (2), the shoot-promoting agent is Zhizhiling, the fallen leaves are applied 25-30 days before germination, part of epidermis is cut off to xylem by a blade at the base of the branch or trunk, and the shoot-promoting agent is uniformly coated on the surface of the cut.
7. The round-table type close planting cultivation technology for the cherries suitable for greenhouse cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the broken branches in the step (3) are selected to be 5-8cm in length, the bottom branches are selected to be 10cm in length, and the broken branches are gradually shortened from bottom to top; twisting the tip beyond 10-20cm, and twisting the tip beyond 20cm of the bottom branch gradually from bottom to top; the torsion pin: the xylem and phloem are slightly damaged by twisting slightly by 180 degrees, but mainly not broken.
8. The cherry round-table type close planting cultivation technology suitable for greenhouse cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein chitosan oligosaccharide is applied to the root of cherry, and the chitosan oligosaccharide is applied to the root of cherry in the transplanting period, the pre-flowering sprouting period, the first fruit expanding period, the second fruit expanding period and the post-harvest fertilizing period, and then the root is irrigated with 1 Kg/mu of fertilizer combined with bacterial manure or nutrient element waste.
9. The round-platform type close planting cultivation technique for cherries suitable for greenhouse cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein chitosan oligosaccharide is sprayed on the leaf surfaces and diluted 750-fold and 1000-fold respectively 3-5 days before flowering, the fruit setting period after flowering, the fruit expanding period and 3-5 days before harvesting.
10. The round-table type close planting cultivation technique for cherries suitable for greenhouse cultivation as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pruning in the second year and later dormancy season is to perform short-tip pruning or selective updating on all main branches to keep the tree vigor balanced and reasonable load; short-tip pruning is carried out on the flower bud at the reserved base part of each fruiting main branch and at least 2-3 leaf buds later; when the main branches extend too long and the fruiting part is far away from the central trunk, the main branches retract into short piles to promote new annual branches to grow, so that the fruiting part is close to the central trunk again.
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| CN114916362A (en) * | 2022-05-13 | 2022-08-19 | 浙江大学 | Chinese cherry trough type root-limiting rapid-growing cultivation method |
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